xref: /linux/ipc/util.c (revision 757dea93e136b219af09d3cd56a81063fdbdef1a)
1 /*
2  * linux/ipc/util.c
3  * Copyright (C) 1992 Krishna Balasubramanian
4  *
5  * Sep 1997 - Call suser() last after "normal" permission checks so we
6  *            get BSD style process accounting right.
7  *            Occurs in several places in the IPC code.
8  *            Chris Evans, <chris@ferret.lmh.ox.ac.uk>
9  * Nov 1999 - ipc helper functions, unified SMP locking
10  *	      Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
11  * Oct 2002 - One lock per IPC id. RCU ipc_free for lock-free grow_ary().
12  *            Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
13  * Mar 2006 - support for audit of ipc object properties
14  *            Dustin Kirkland <dustin.kirkland@us.ibm.com>
15  * Jun 2006 - namespaces ssupport
16  *            OpenVZ, SWsoft Inc.
17  *            Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
18  */
19 
20 #include <linux/mm.h>
21 #include <linux/shm.h>
22 #include <linux/init.h>
23 #include <linux/msg.h>
24 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
25 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
26 #include <linux/slab.h>
27 #include <linux/capability.h>
28 #include <linux/highuid.h>
29 #include <linux/security.h>
30 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
31 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
32 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
33 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
34 #include <linux/audit.h>
35 #include <linux/nsproxy.h>
36 
37 #include <asm/unistd.h>
38 
39 #include "util.h"
40 
41 struct ipc_proc_iface {
42 	const char *path;
43 	const char *header;
44 	int ids;
45 	int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *);
46 };
47 
48 struct ipc_namespace init_ipc_ns = {
49 	.kref = {
50 		.refcount	= ATOMIC_INIT(2),
51 	},
52 };
53 
54 #ifdef CONFIG_IPC_NS
55 static struct ipc_namespace *clone_ipc_ns(struct ipc_namespace *old_ns)
56 {
57 	int err;
58 	struct ipc_namespace *ns;
59 
60 	err = -ENOMEM;
61 	ns = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ipc_namespace), GFP_KERNEL);
62 	if (ns == NULL)
63 		goto err_mem;
64 
65 	err = sem_init_ns(ns);
66 	if (err)
67 		goto err_sem;
68 	err = msg_init_ns(ns);
69 	if (err)
70 		goto err_msg;
71 	err = shm_init_ns(ns);
72 	if (err)
73 		goto err_shm;
74 
75 	kref_init(&ns->kref);
76 	return ns;
77 
78 err_shm:
79 	msg_exit_ns(ns);
80 err_msg:
81 	sem_exit_ns(ns);
82 err_sem:
83 	kfree(ns);
84 err_mem:
85 	return ERR_PTR(err);
86 }
87 
88 struct ipc_namespace *copy_ipcs(unsigned long flags, struct ipc_namespace *ns)
89 {
90 	struct ipc_namespace *new_ns;
91 
92 	BUG_ON(!ns);
93 	get_ipc_ns(ns);
94 
95 	if (!(flags & CLONE_NEWIPC))
96 		return ns;
97 
98 	new_ns = clone_ipc_ns(ns);
99 
100 	put_ipc_ns(ns);
101 	return new_ns;
102 }
103 
104 void free_ipc_ns(struct kref *kref)
105 {
106 	struct ipc_namespace *ns;
107 
108 	ns = container_of(kref, struct ipc_namespace, kref);
109 	sem_exit_ns(ns);
110 	msg_exit_ns(ns);
111 	shm_exit_ns(ns);
112 	kfree(ns);
113 }
114 #else
115 struct ipc_namespace *copy_ipcs(unsigned long flags, struct ipc_namespace *ns)
116 {
117 	if (flags & CLONE_NEWIPC)
118 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
119 	return ns;
120 }
121 #endif
122 
123 /**
124  *	ipc_init	-	initialise IPC subsystem
125  *
126  *	The various system5 IPC resources (semaphores, messages and shared
127  *	memory) are initialised
128  */
129 
130 static int __init ipc_init(void)
131 {
132 	sem_init();
133 	msg_init();
134 	shm_init();
135 	return 0;
136 }
137 __initcall(ipc_init);
138 
139 /**
140  *	ipc_init_ids		-	initialise IPC identifiers
141  *	@ids: Identifier set
142  *	@size: Number of identifiers
143  *
144  *	Given a size for the ipc identifier range (limited below IPCMNI)
145  *	set up the sequence range to use then allocate and initialise the
146  *	array itself.
147  */
148 
149 void __ipc_init ipc_init_ids(struct ipc_ids* ids, int size)
150 {
151 	int i;
152 
153 	mutex_init(&ids->mutex);
154 
155 	if(size > IPCMNI)
156 		size = IPCMNI;
157 	ids->in_use = 0;
158 	ids->max_id = -1;
159 	ids->seq = 0;
160 	{
161 		int seq_limit = INT_MAX/SEQ_MULTIPLIER;
162 		if(seq_limit > USHRT_MAX)
163 			ids->seq_max = USHRT_MAX;
164 		 else
165 		 	ids->seq_max = seq_limit;
166 	}
167 
168 	ids->entries = ipc_rcu_alloc(sizeof(struct kern_ipc_perm *)*size +
169 				     sizeof(struct ipc_id_ary));
170 
171 	if(ids->entries == NULL) {
172 		printk(KERN_ERR "ipc_init_ids() failed, ipc service disabled.\n");
173 		size = 0;
174 		ids->entries = &ids->nullentry;
175 	}
176 	ids->entries->size = size;
177 	for(i=0;i<size;i++)
178 		ids->entries->p[i] = NULL;
179 }
180 
181 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
182 static const struct file_operations sysvipc_proc_fops;
183 /**
184  *	ipc_init_proc_interface	-  Create a proc interface for sysipc types using a seq_file interface.
185  *	@path: Path in procfs
186  *	@header: Banner to be printed at the beginning of the file.
187  *	@ids: ipc id table to iterate.
188  *	@show: show routine.
189  */
190 void __init ipc_init_proc_interface(const char *path, const char *header,
191 		int ids, int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *))
192 {
193 	struct proc_dir_entry *pde;
194 	struct ipc_proc_iface *iface;
195 
196 	iface = kmalloc(sizeof(*iface), GFP_KERNEL);
197 	if (!iface)
198 		return;
199 	iface->path	= path;
200 	iface->header	= header;
201 	iface->ids	= ids;
202 	iface->show	= show;
203 
204 	pde = create_proc_entry(path,
205 				S_IRUGO,        /* world readable */
206 				NULL            /* parent dir */);
207 	if (pde) {
208 		pde->data = iface;
209 		pde->proc_fops = &sysvipc_proc_fops;
210 	} else {
211 		kfree(iface);
212 	}
213 }
214 #endif
215 
216 /**
217  *	ipc_findkey	-	find a key in an ipc identifier set
218  *	@ids: Identifier set
219  *	@key: The key to find
220  *
221  *	Requires ipc_ids.mutex locked.
222  *	Returns the identifier if found or -1 if not.
223  */
224 
225 int ipc_findkey(struct ipc_ids* ids, key_t key)
226 {
227 	int id;
228 	struct kern_ipc_perm* p;
229 	int max_id = ids->max_id;
230 
231 	/*
232 	 * rcu_dereference() is not needed here
233 	 * since ipc_ids.mutex is held
234 	 */
235 	for (id = 0; id <= max_id; id++) {
236 		p = ids->entries->p[id];
237 		if(p==NULL)
238 			continue;
239 		if (key == p->key)
240 			return id;
241 	}
242 	return -1;
243 }
244 
245 /*
246  * Requires ipc_ids.mutex locked
247  */
248 static int grow_ary(struct ipc_ids* ids, int newsize)
249 {
250 	struct ipc_id_ary* new;
251 	struct ipc_id_ary* old;
252 	int i;
253 	int size = ids->entries->size;
254 
255 	if(newsize > IPCMNI)
256 		newsize = IPCMNI;
257 	if(newsize <= size)
258 		return newsize;
259 
260 	new = ipc_rcu_alloc(sizeof(struct kern_ipc_perm *)*newsize +
261 			    sizeof(struct ipc_id_ary));
262 	if(new == NULL)
263 		return size;
264 	new->size = newsize;
265 	memcpy(new->p, ids->entries->p, sizeof(struct kern_ipc_perm *)*size);
266 	for(i=size;i<newsize;i++) {
267 		new->p[i] = NULL;
268 	}
269 	old = ids->entries;
270 
271 	/*
272 	 * Use rcu_assign_pointer() to make sure the memcpyed contents
273 	 * of the new array are visible before the new array becomes visible.
274 	 */
275 	rcu_assign_pointer(ids->entries, new);
276 
277 	__ipc_fini_ids(ids, old);
278 	return newsize;
279 }
280 
281 /**
282  *	ipc_addid 	-	add an IPC identifier
283  *	@ids: IPC identifier set
284  *	@new: new IPC permission set
285  *	@size: new size limit for the id array
286  *
287  *	Add an entry 'new' to the IPC arrays. The permissions object is
288  *	initialised and the first free entry is set up and the id assigned
289  *	is returned. The list is returned in a locked state on success.
290  *	On failure the list is not locked and -1 is returned.
291  *
292  *	Called with ipc_ids.mutex held.
293  */
294 
295 int ipc_addid(struct ipc_ids* ids, struct kern_ipc_perm* new, int size)
296 {
297 	int id;
298 
299 	size = grow_ary(ids,size);
300 
301 	/*
302 	 * rcu_dereference()() is not needed here since
303 	 * ipc_ids.mutex is held
304 	 */
305 	for (id = 0; id < size; id++) {
306 		if(ids->entries->p[id] == NULL)
307 			goto found;
308 	}
309 	return -1;
310 found:
311 	ids->in_use++;
312 	if (id > ids->max_id)
313 		ids->max_id = id;
314 
315 	new->cuid = new->uid = current->euid;
316 	new->gid = new->cgid = current->egid;
317 
318 	new->seq = ids->seq++;
319 	if(ids->seq > ids->seq_max)
320 		ids->seq = 0;
321 
322 	spin_lock_init(&new->lock);
323 	new->deleted = 0;
324 	rcu_read_lock();
325 	spin_lock(&new->lock);
326 	ids->entries->p[id] = new;
327 	return id;
328 }
329 
330 /**
331  *	ipc_rmid	-	remove an IPC identifier
332  *	@ids: identifier set
333  *	@id: Identifier to remove
334  *
335  *	The identifier must be valid, and in use. The kernel will panic if
336  *	fed an invalid identifier. The entry is removed and internal
337  *	variables recomputed. The object associated with the identifier
338  *	is returned.
339  *	ipc_ids.mutex and the spinlock for this ID is hold before this function
340  *	is called, and remain locked on the exit.
341  */
342 
343 struct kern_ipc_perm* ipc_rmid(struct ipc_ids* ids, int id)
344 {
345 	struct kern_ipc_perm* p;
346 	int lid = id % SEQ_MULTIPLIER;
347 	BUG_ON(lid >= ids->entries->size);
348 
349 	/*
350 	 * do not need a rcu_dereference()() here to force ordering
351 	 * on Alpha, since the ipc_ids.mutex is held.
352 	 */
353 	p = ids->entries->p[lid];
354 	ids->entries->p[lid] = NULL;
355 	BUG_ON(p==NULL);
356 	ids->in_use--;
357 
358 	if (lid == ids->max_id) {
359 		do {
360 			lid--;
361 			if(lid == -1)
362 				break;
363 		} while (ids->entries->p[lid] == NULL);
364 		ids->max_id = lid;
365 	}
366 	p->deleted = 1;
367 	return p;
368 }
369 
370 /**
371  *	ipc_alloc	-	allocate ipc space
372  *	@size: size desired
373  *
374  *	Allocate memory from the appropriate pools and return a pointer to it.
375  *	NULL is returned if the allocation fails
376  */
377 
378 void* ipc_alloc(int size)
379 {
380 	void* out;
381 	if(size > PAGE_SIZE)
382 		out = vmalloc(size);
383 	else
384 		out = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
385 	return out;
386 }
387 
388 /**
389  *	ipc_free        -       free ipc space
390  *	@ptr: pointer returned by ipc_alloc
391  *	@size: size of block
392  *
393  *	Free a block created with ipc_alloc(). The caller must know the size
394  *	used in the allocation call.
395  */
396 
397 void ipc_free(void* ptr, int size)
398 {
399 	if(size > PAGE_SIZE)
400 		vfree(ptr);
401 	else
402 		kfree(ptr);
403 }
404 
405 /*
406  * rcu allocations:
407  * There are three headers that are prepended to the actual allocation:
408  * - during use: ipc_rcu_hdr.
409  * - during the rcu grace period: ipc_rcu_grace.
410  * - [only if vmalloc]: ipc_rcu_sched.
411  * Their lifetime doesn't overlap, thus the headers share the same memory.
412  * Unlike a normal union, they are right-aligned, thus some container_of
413  * forward/backward casting is necessary:
414  */
415 struct ipc_rcu_hdr
416 {
417 	int refcount;
418 	int is_vmalloc;
419 	void *data[0];
420 };
421 
422 
423 struct ipc_rcu_grace
424 {
425 	struct rcu_head rcu;
426 	/* "void *" makes sure alignment of following data is sane. */
427 	void *data[0];
428 };
429 
430 struct ipc_rcu_sched
431 {
432 	struct work_struct work;
433 	/* "void *" makes sure alignment of following data is sane. */
434 	void *data[0];
435 };
436 
437 #define HDRLEN_KMALLOC		(sizeof(struct ipc_rcu_grace) > sizeof(struct ipc_rcu_hdr) ? \
438 					sizeof(struct ipc_rcu_grace) : sizeof(struct ipc_rcu_hdr))
439 #define HDRLEN_VMALLOC		(sizeof(struct ipc_rcu_sched) > HDRLEN_KMALLOC ? \
440 					sizeof(struct ipc_rcu_sched) : HDRLEN_KMALLOC)
441 
442 static inline int rcu_use_vmalloc(int size)
443 {
444 	/* Too big for a single page? */
445 	if (HDRLEN_KMALLOC + size > PAGE_SIZE)
446 		return 1;
447 	return 0;
448 }
449 
450 /**
451  *	ipc_rcu_alloc	-	allocate ipc and rcu space
452  *	@size: size desired
453  *
454  *	Allocate memory for the rcu header structure +  the object.
455  *	Returns the pointer to the object.
456  *	NULL is returned if the allocation fails.
457  */
458 
459 void* ipc_rcu_alloc(int size)
460 {
461 	void* out;
462 	/*
463 	 * We prepend the allocation with the rcu struct, and
464 	 * workqueue if necessary (for vmalloc).
465 	 */
466 	if (rcu_use_vmalloc(size)) {
467 		out = vmalloc(HDRLEN_VMALLOC + size);
468 		if (out) {
469 			out += HDRLEN_VMALLOC;
470 			container_of(out, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->is_vmalloc = 1;
471 			container_of(out, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->refcount = 1;
472 		}
473 	} else {
474 		out = kmalloc(HDRLEN_KMALLOC + size, GFP_KERNEL);
475 		if (out) {
476 			out += HDRLEN_KMALLOC;
477 			container_of(out, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->is_vmalloc = 0;
478 			container_of(out, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->refcount = 1;
479 		}
480 	}
481 
482 	return out;
483 }
484 
485 void ipc_rcu_getref(void *ptr)
486 {
487 	container_of(ptr, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->refcount++;
488 }
489 
490 static void ipc_do_vfree(struct work_struct *work)
491 {
492 	vfree(container_of(work, struct ipc_rcu_sched, work));
493 }
494 
495 /**
496  * ipc_schedule_free - free ipc + rcu space
497  * @head: RCU callback structure for queued work
498  *
499  * Since RCU callback function is called in bh,
500  * we need to defer the vfree to schedule_work().
501  */
502 static void ipc_schedule_free(struct rcu_head *head)
503 {
504 	struct ipc_rcu_grace *grace =
505 		container_of(head, struct ipc_rcu_grace, rcu);
506 	struct ipc_rcu_sched *sched =
507 			container_of(&(grace->data[0]), struct ipc_rcu_sched, data[0]);
508 
509 	INIT_WORK(&sched->work, ipc_do_vfree);
510 	schedule_work(&sched->work);
511 }
512 
513 /**
514  * ipc_immediate_free - free ipc + rcu space
515  * @head: RCU callback structure that contains pointer to be freed
516  *
517  * Free from the RCU callback context.
518  */
519 static void ipc_immediate_free(struct rcu_head *head)
520 {
521 	struct ipc_rcu_grace *free =
522 		container_of(head, struct ipc_rcu_grace, rcu);
523 	kfree(free);
524 }
525 
526 void ipc_rcu_putref(void *ptr)
527 {
528 	if (--container_of(ptr, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->refcount > 0)
529 		return;
530 
531 	if (container_of(ptr, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->is_vmalloc) {
532 		call_rcu(&container_of(ptr, struct ipc_rcu_grace, data)->rcu,
533 				ipc_schedule_free);
534 	} else {
535 		call_rcu(&container_of(ptr, struct ipc_rcu_grace, data)->rcu,
536 				ipc_immediate_free);
537 	}
538 }
539 
540 /**
541  *	ipcperms	-	check IPC permissions
542  *	@ipcp: IPC permission set
543  *	@flag: desired permission set.
544  *
545  *	Check user, group, other permissions for access
546  *	to ipc resources. return 0 if allowed
547  */
548 
549 int ipcperms (struct kern_ipc_perm *ipcp, short flag)
550 {	/* flag will most probably be 0 or S_...UGO from <linux/stat.h> */
551 	int requested_mode, granted_mode, err;
552 
553 	if (unlikely((err = audit_ipc_obj(ipcp))))
554 		return err;
555 	requested_mode = (flag >> 6) | (flag >> 3) | flag;
556 	granted_mode = ipcp->mode;
557 	if (current->euid == ipcp->cuid || current->euid == ipcp->uid)
558 		granted_mode >>= 6;
559 	else if (in_group_p(ipcp->cgid) || in_group_p(ipcp->gid))
560 		granted_mode >>= 3;
561 	/* is there some bit set in requested_mode but not in granted_mode? */
562 	if ((requested_mode & ~granted_mode & 0007) &&
563 	    !capable(CAP_IPC_OWNER))
564 		return -1;
565 
566 	return security_ipc_permission(ipcp, flag);
567 }
568 
569 /*
570  * Functions to convert between the kern_ipc_perm structure and the
571  * old/new ipc_perm structures
572  */
573 
574 /**
575  *	kernel_to_ipc64_perm	-	convert kernel ipc permissions to user
576  *	@in: kernel permissions
577  *	@out: new style IPC permissions
578  *
579  *	Turn the kernel object @in into a set of permissions descriptions
580  *	for returning to userspace (@out).
581  */
582 
583 
584 void kernel_to_ipc64_perm (struct kern_ipc_perm *in, struct ipc64_perm *out)
585 {
586 	out->key	= in->key;
587 	out->uid	= in->uid;
588 	out->gid	= in->gid;
589 	out->cuid	= in->cuid;
590 	out->cgid	= in->cgid;
591 	out->mode	= in->mode;
592 	out->seq	= in->seq;
593 }
594 
595 /**
596  *	ipc64_perm_to_ipc_perm	-	convert old ipc permissions to new
597  *	@in: new style IPC permissions
598  *	@out: old style IPC permissions
599  *
600  *	Turn the new style permissions object @in into a compatibility
601  *	object and store it into the @out pointer.
602  */
603 
604 void ipc64_perm_to_ipc_perm (struct ipc64_perm *in, struct ipc_perm *out)
605 {
606 	out->key	= in->key;
607 	SET_UID(out->uid, in->uid);
608 	SET_GID(out->gid, in->gid);
609 	SET_UID(out->cuid, in->cuid);
610 	SET_GID(out->cgid, in->cgid);
611 	out->mode	= in->mode;
612 	out->seq	= in->seq;
613 }
614 
615 /*
616  * So far only shm_get_stat() calls ipc_get() via shm_get(), so ipc_get()
617  * is called with shm_ids.mutex locked.  Since grow_ary() is also called with
618  * shm_ids.mutex down(for Shared Memory), there is no need to add read
619  * barriers here to gurantee the writes in grow_ary() are seen in order
620  * here (for Alpha).
621  *
622  * However ipc_get() itself does not necessary require ipc_ids.mutex down. So
623  * if in the future ipc_get() is used by other places without ipc_ids.mutex
624  * down, then ipc_get() needs read memery barriers as ipc_lock() does.
625  */
626 struct kern_ipc_perm* ipc_get(struct ipc_ids* ids, int id)
627 {
628 	struct kern_ipc_perm* out;
629 	int lid = id % SEQ_MULTIPLIER;
630 	if(lid >= ids->entries->size)
631 		return NULL;
632 	out = ids->entries->p[lid];
633 	return out;
634 }
635 
636 struct kern_ipc_perm* ipc_lock(struct ipc_ids* ids, int id)
637 {
638 	struct kern_ipc_perm* out;
639 	int lid = id % SEQ_MULTIPLIER;
640 	struct ipc_id_ary* entries;
641 
642 	rcu_read_lock();
643 	entries = rcu_dereference(ids->entries);
644 	if(lid >= entries->size) {
645 		rcu_read_unlock();
646 		return NULL;
647 	}
648 	out = entries->p[lid];
649 	if(out == NULL) {
650 		rcu_read_unlock();
651 		return NULL;
652 	}
653 	spin_lock(&out->lock);
654 
655 	/* ipc_rmid() may have already freed the ID while ipc_lock
656 	 * was spinning: here verify that the structure is still valid
657 	 */
658 	if (out->deleted) {
659 		spin_unlock(&out->lock);
660 		rcu_read_unlock();
661 		return NULL;
662 	}
663 	return out;
664 }
665 
666 void ipc_lock_by_ptr(struct kern_ipc_perm *perm)
667 {
668 	rcu_read_lock();
669 	spin_lock(&perm->lock);
670 }
671 
672 void ipc_unlock(struct kern_ipc_perm* perm)
673 {
674 	spin_unlock(&perm->lock);
675 	rcu_read_unlock();
676 }
677 
678 int ipc_buildid(struct ipc_ids* ids, int id, int seq)
679 {
680 	return SEQ_MULTIPLIER*seq + id;
681 }
682 
683 int ipc_checkid(struct ipc_ids* ids, struct kern_ipc_perm* ipcp, int uid)
684 {
685 	if(uid/SEQ_MULTIPLIER != ipcp->seq)
686 		return 1;
687 	return 0;
688 }
689 
690 #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
691 
692 
693 /**
694  *	ipc_parse_version	-	IPC call version
695  *	@cmd: pointer to command
696  *
697  *	Return IPC_64 for new style IPC and IPC_OLD for old style IPC.
698  *	The @cmd value is turned from an encoding command and version into
699  *	just the command code.
700  */
701 
702 int ipc_parse_version (int *cmd)
703 {
704 	if (*cmd & IPC_64) {
705 		*cmd ^= IPC_64;
706 		return IPC_64;
707 	} else {
708 		return IPC_OLD;
709 	}
710 }
711 
712 #endif /* __ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION */
713 
714 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
715 struct ipc_proc_iter {
716 	struct ipc_namespace *ns;
717 	struct ipc_proc_iface *iface;
718 };
719 
720 static void *sysvipc_proc_next(struct seq_file *s, void *it, loff_t *pos)
721 {
722 	struct ipc_proc_iter *iter = s->private;
723 	struct ipc_proc_iface *iface = iter->iface;
724 	struct kern_ipc_perm *ipc = it;
725 	loff_t p;
726 	struct ipc_ids *ids;
727 
728 	ids = iter->ns->ids[iface->ids];
729 
730 	/* If we had an ipc id locked before, unlock it */
731 	if (ipc && ipc != SEQ_START_TOKEN)
732 		ipc_unlock(ipc);
733 
734 	/*
735 	 * p = *pos - 1 (because id 0 starts at position 1)
736 	 *          + 1 (because we increment the position by one)
737 	 */
738 	for (p = *pos; p <= ids->max_id; p++) {
739 		if ((ipc = ipc_lock(ids, p)) != NULL) {
740 			*pos = p + 1;
741 			return ipc;
742 		}
743 	}
744 
745 	/* Out of range - return NULL to terminate iteration */
746 	return NULL;
747 }
748 
749 /*
750  * File positions: pos 0 -> header, pos n -> ipc id + 1.
751  * SeqFile iterator: iterator value locked shp or SEQ_TOKEN_START.
752  */
753 static void *sysvipc_proc_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos)
754 {
755 	struct ipc_proc_iter *iter = s->private;
756 	struct ipc_proc_iface *iface = iter->iface;
757 	struct kern_ipc_perm *ipc;
758 	loff_t p;
759 	struct ipc_ids *ids;
760 
761 	ids = iter->ns->ids[iface->ids];
762 
763 	/*
764 	 * Take the lock - this will be released by the corresponding
765 	 * call to stop().
766 	 */
767 	mutex_lock(&ids->mutex);
768 
769 	/* pos < 0 is invalid */
770 	if (*pos < 0)
771 		return NULL;
772 
773 	/* pos == 0 means header */
774 	if (*pos == 0)
775 		return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
776 
777 	/* Find the (pos-1)th ipc */
778 	for (p = *pos - 1; p <= ids->max_id; p++) {
779 		if ((ipc = ipc_lock(ids, p)) != NULL) {
780 			*pos = p + 1;
781 			return ipc;
782 		}
783 	}
784 	return NULL;
785 }
786 
787 static void sysvipc_proc_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *it)
788 {
789 	struct kern_ipc_perm *ipc = it;
790 	struct ipc_proc_iter *iter = s->private;
791 	struct ipc_proc_iface *iface = iter->iface;
792 	struct ipc_ids *ids;
793 
794 	/* If we had a locked segment, release it */
795 	if (ipc && ipc != SEQ_START_TOKEN)
796 		ipc_unlock(ipc);
797 
798 	ids = iter->ns->ids[iface->ids];
799 	/* Release the lock we took in start() */
800 	mutex_unlock(&ids->mutex);
801 }
802 
803 static int sysvipc_proc_show(struct seq_file *s, void *it)
804 {
805 	struct ipc_proc_iter *iter = s->private;
806 	struct ipc_proc_iface *iface = iter->iface;
807 
808 	if (it == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
809 		return seq_puts(s, iface->header);
810 
811 	return iface->show(s, it);
812 }
813 
814 static struct seq_operations sysvipc_proc_seqops = {
815 	.start = sysvipc_proc_start,
816 	.stop  = sysvipc_proc_stop,
817 	.next  = sysvipc_proc_next,
818 	.show  = sysvipc_proc_show,
819 };
820 
821 static int sysvipc_proc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
822 {
823 	int ret;
824 	struct seq_file *seq;
825 	struct ipc_proc_iter *iter;
826 
827 	ret = -ENOMEM;
828 	iter = kmalloc(sizeof(*iter), GFP_KERNEL);
829 	if (!iter)
830 		goto out;
831 
832 	ret = seq_open(file, &sysvipc_proc_seqops);
833 	if (ret)
834 		goto out_kfree;
835 
836 	seq = file->private_data;
837 	seq->private = iter;
838 
839 	iter->iface = PDE(inode)->data;
840 	iter->ns    = get_ipc_ns(current->nsproxy->ipc_ns);
841 out:
842 	return ret;
843 out_kfree:
844 	kfree(iter);
845 	goto out;
846 }
847 
848 static int sysvipc_proc_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
849 {
850 	struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
851 	struct ipc_proc_iter *iter = seq->private;
852 	put_ipc_ns(iter->ns);
853 	return seq_release_private(inode, file);
854 }
855 
856 static const struct file_operations sysvipc_proc_fops = {
857 	.open    = sysvipc_proc_open,
858 	.read    = seq_read,
859 	.llseek  = seq_lseek,
860 	.release = sysvipc_proc_release,
861 };
862 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
863