xref: /linux/init/main.c (revision 9ffc93f203c18a70623f21950f1dd473c9ec48cd)
1 /*
2  *  linux/init/main.c
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
5  *
6  *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7  *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8  *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9  *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
10  */
11 
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/module.h>
14 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
17 #include <linux/stackprotector.h>
18 #include <linux/string.h>
19 #include <linux/ctype.h>
20 #include <linux/delay.h>
21 #include <linux/ioport.h>
22 #include <linux/init.h>
23 #include <linux/initrd.h>
24 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
25 #include <linux/acpi.h>
26 #include <linux/tty.h>
27 #include <linux/percpu.h>
28 #include <linux/kmod.h>
29 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
30 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
31 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
32 #include <linux/security.h>
33 #include <linux/smp.h>
34 #include <linux/profile.h>
35 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
36 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
37 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
38 #include <linux/writeback.h>
39 #include <linux/cpu.h>
40 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
41 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
42 #include <linux/efi.h>
43 #include <linux/tick.h>
44 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
45 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
46 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
47 #include <linux/unistd.h>
48 #include <linux/rmap.h>
49 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
50 #include <linux/key.h>
51 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
52 #include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
53 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
54 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
55 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
56 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
57 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
58 #include <linux/device.h>
59 #include <linux/kthread.h>
60 #include <linux/sched.h>
61 #include <linux/signal.h>
62 #include <linux/idr.h>
63 #include <linux/kgdb.h>
64 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
65 #include <linux/async.h>
66 #include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
67 #include <linux/sfi.h>
68 #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
69 #include <linux/slab.h>
70 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
71 
72 #include <asm/io.h>
73 #include <asm/bugs.h>
74 #include <asm/setup.h>
75 #include <asm/sections.h>
76 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
77 
78 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
79 #include <asm/smp.h>
80 #endif
81 
82 static int kernel_init(void *);
83 
84 extern void init_IRQ(void);
85 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
86 extern void mca_init(void);
87 extern void sbus_init(void);
88 extern void prio_tree_init(void);
89 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
90 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
91 static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
92 #endif
93 
94 #ifdef CONFIG_TC
95 extern void tc_init(void);
96 #endif
97 
98 /*
99  * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
100  * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
101  * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
102  * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
103  * flag is set.
104  */
105 bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
106 
107 enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
108 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
109 
110 /*
111  * Boot command-line arguments
112  */
113 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
114 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
115 
116 extern void time_init(void);
117 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
118 void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
119 extern void softirq_init(void);
120 
121 /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
122 char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
123 /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
124 char *saved_command_line;
125 /* Command line for parameter parsing */
126 static char *static_command_line;
127 
128 static char *execute_command;
129 static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
130 
131 /*
132  * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
133  * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
134  * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
135  *
136  * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
137  * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
138  * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
139  */
140 unsigned int reset_devices;
141 EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
142 
143 static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
144 {
145 	reset_devices = 1;
146 	return 1;
147 }
148 
149 __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
150 
151 static const char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
152 const char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
153 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
154 
155 extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
156 
157 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
158 {
159 	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
160 	int had_early_param = 0;
161 
162 	p = __setup_start;
163 	do {
164 		int n = strlen(p->str);
165 		if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
166 			if (p->early) {
167 				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
168 				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
169 				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
170 				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
171 				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
172 					had_early_param = 1;
173 			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
174 				printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
175 				       " ignored\n", p->str);
176 				return 1;
177 			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
178 				return 1;
179 		}
180 		p++;
181 	} while (p < __setup_end);
182 
183 	return had_early_param;
184 }
185 
186 /*
187  * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
188  * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
189  */
190 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
191 
192 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
193 
194 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
195 {
196 	console_loglevel = 10;
197 	return 0;
198 }
199 
200 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
201 {
202 	console_loglevel = 4;
203 	return 0;
204 }
205 
206 early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
207 early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
208 
209 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
210 {
211 	int newlevel;
212 
213 	/*
214 	 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
215 	 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
216 	 * are quite hard to debug
217 	 */
218 	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
219 		console_loglevel = newlevel;
220 		return 0;
221 	}
222 
223 	return -EINVAL;
224 }
225 
226 early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
227 
228 /*
229  * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
230  * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
231  */
232 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
233 {
234 	/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
235 	if (val) {
236 		/* param=val or param="val"? */
237 		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
238 			val[-1] = '=';
239 		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
240 			val[-2] = '=';
241 			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
242 			val--;
243 		} else
244 			BUG();
245 	}
246 
247 	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
248 	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
249 		return 0;
250 
251 	/* Unused module parameter. */
252 	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
253 		return 0;
254 
255 	if (panic_later)
256 		return 0;
257 
258 	if (val) {
259 		/* Environment option */
260 		unsigned int i;
261 		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
262 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
263 				panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
264 				panic_param = param;
265 			}
266 			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
267 				break;
268 		}
269 		envp_init[i] = param;
270 	} else {
271 		/* Command line option */
272 		unsigned int i;
273 		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
274 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
275 				panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
276 				panic_param = param;
277 			}
278 		}
279 		argv_init[i] = param;
280 	}
281 	return 0;
282 }
283 
284 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
285 {
286 	unsigned int i;
287 
288 	execute_command = str;
289 	/*
290 	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
291 	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
292 	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
293 	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
294 	 */
295 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
296 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
297 	return 1;
298 }
299 __setup("init=", init_setup);
300 
301 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
302 {
303 	unsigned int i;
304 
305 	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
306 	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
307 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
308 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
309 	return 1;
310 }
311 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
312 
313 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
314 static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
315 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
316 static void __init smp_init(void)
317 {
318 	APIC_init_uniprocessor();
319 }
320 #else
321 #define smp_init()	do { } while (0)
322 #endif
323 
324 static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
325 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
326 #endif
327 
328 /*
329  * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
330  * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
331  * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
332  * store reference of name/value for future reference.
333  */
334 static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
335 {
336 	saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
337 	static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
338 	strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
339 	strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
340 }
341 
342 /*
343  * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
344  * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
345  * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
346  * cpu_idle.
347  *
348  * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
349  */
350 
351 static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
352 
353 static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
354 {
355 	int pid;
356 
357 	rcu_scheduler_starting();
358 	/*
359 	 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
360 	 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
361 	 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
362 	 */
363 	kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
364 	numa_default_policy();
365 	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
366 	rcu_read_lock();
367 	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
368 	rcu_read_unlock();
369 	complete(&kthreadd_done);
370 
371 	/*
372 	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
373 	 * at least once to get things moving:
374 	 */
375 	init_idle_bootup_task(current);
376 	schedule_preempt_disabled();
377 	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
378 	cpu_idle();
379 }
380 
381 /* Check for early params. */
382 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
383 {
384 	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
385 
386 	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
387 		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
388 		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
389 		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
390 		) {
391 			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
392 				printk(KERN_WARNING
393 				       "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
394 		}
395 	}
396 	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
397 	return 0;
398 }
399 
400 void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
401 {
402 	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
403 }
404 
405 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
406 void __init parse_early_param(void)
407 {
408 	static __initdata int done = 0;
409 	static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
410 
411 	if (done)
412 		return;
413 
414 	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
415 	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
416 	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
417 	done = 1;
418 }
419 
420 /*
421  *	Activate the first processor.
422  */
423 
424 static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
425 {
426 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
427 	/* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
428 	set_cpu_online(cpu, true);
429 	set_cpu_active(cpu, true);
430 	set_cpu_present(cpu, true);
431 	set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);
432 }
433 
434 void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
435 {
436 }
437 
438 void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
439 {
440 }
441 
442 /*
443  * Set up kernel memory allocators
444  */
445 static void __init mm_init(void)
446 {
447 	/*
448 	 * page_cgroup requires contiguous pages,
449 	 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
450 	 */
451 	page_cgroup_init_flatmem();
452 	mem_init();
453 	kmem_cache_init();
454 	percpu_init_late();
455 	pgtable_cache_init();
456 	vmalloc_init();
457 }
458 
459 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
460 {
461 	char * command_line;
462 	extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
466 	 * lockdep hash:
467 	 */
468 	lockdep_init();
469 	smp_setup_processor_id();
470 	debug_objects_early_init();
471 
472 	/*
473 	 * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
474 	 */
475 	boot_init_stack_canary();
476 
477 	cgroup_init_early();
478 
479 	local_irq_disable();
480 	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
481 
482 /*
483  * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
484  * enable them
485  */
486 	tick_init();
487 	boot_cpu_init();
488 	page_address_init();
489 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
490 	setup_arch(&command_line);
491 	mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
492 	mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
493 	setup_command_line(command_line);
494 	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
495 	setup_per_cpu_areas();
496 	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
497 
498 	build_all_zonelists(NULL);
499 	page_alloc_init();
500 
501 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
502 	parse_early_param();
503 	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
504 		   __stop___param - __start___param,
505 		   &unknown_bootoption);
506 
507 	jump_label_init();
508 
509 	/*
510 	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
511 	 * kmem_cache_init()
512 	 */
513 	setup_log_buf(0);
514 	pidhash_init();
515 	vfs_caches_init_early();
516 	sort_main_extable();
517 	trap_init();
518 	mm_init();
519 
520 	/*
521 	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
522 	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
523 	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
524 	 */
525 	sched_init();
526 	/*
527 	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
528 	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
529 	 */
530 	preempt_disable();
531 	if (!irqs_disabled()) {
532 		printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
533 				"enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
534 		local_irq_disable();
535 	}
536 	idr_init_cache();
537 	perf_event_init();
538 	rcu_init();
539 	radix_tree_init();
540 	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
541 	early_irq_init();
542 	init_IRQ();
543 	prio_tree_init();
544 	init_timers();
545 	hrtimers_init();
546 	softirq_init();
547 	timekeeping_init();
548 	time_init();
549 	profile_init();
550 	call_function_init();
551 	if (!irqs_disabled())
552 		printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
553 				 "enabled early\n");
554 	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
555 	local_irq_enable();
556 
557 	/* Interrupts are enabled now so all GFP allocations are safe. */
558 	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
559 
560 	kmem_cache_init_late();
561 
562 	/*
563 	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
564 	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
565 	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
566 	 */
567 	console_init();
568 	if (panic_later)
569 		panic(panic_later, panic_param);
570 
571 	lockdep_info();
572 
573 	/*
574 	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
575 	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
576 	 * too:
577 	 */
578 	locking_selftest();
579 
580 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
581 	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
582 	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
583 		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
584 		    "disabling it.\n",
585 		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
586 		    min_low_pfn);
587 		initrd_start = 0;
588 	}
589 #endif
590 	page_cgroup_init();
591 	debug_objects_mem_init();
592 	kmemleak_init();
593 	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
594 	numa_policy_init();
595 	if (late_time_init)
596 		late_time_init();
597 	sched_clock_init();
598 	calibrate_delay();
599 	pidmap_init();
600 	anon_vma_init();
601 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
602 	if (efi_enabled)
603 		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
604 #endif
605 	thread_info_cache_init();
606 	cred_init();
607 	fork_init(totalram_pages);
608 	proc_caches_init();
609 	buffer_init();
610 	key_init();
611 	security_init();
612 	dbg_late_init();
613 	vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
614 	signals_init();
615 	/* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
616 	page_writeback_init();
617 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
618 	proc_root_init();
619 #endif
620 	cgroup_init();
621 	cpuset_init();
622 	taskstats_init_early();
623 	delayacct_init();
624 
625 	check_bugs();
626 
627 	acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
628 	sfi_init_late();
629 
630 	ftrace_init();
631 
632 	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
633 	rest_init();
634 }
635 
636 /* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
637 static void __init do_ctors(void)
638 {
639 #ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
640 	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
641 
642 	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
643 		(*fn)();
644 #endif
645 }
646 
647 bool initcall_debug;
648 core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
649 
650 static char msgbuf[64];
651 
652 static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
653 {
654 	ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
655 	unsigned long long duration;
656 	int ret;
657 
658 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
659 	calltime = ktime_get();
660 	ret = fn();
661 	rettime = ktime_get();
662 	delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
663 	duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
664 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n", fn,
665 		ret, duration);
666 
667 	return ret;
668 }
669 
670 int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
671 {
672 	int count = preempt_count();
673 	int ret;
674 
675 	if (initcall_debug)
676 		ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
677 	else
678 		ret = fn();
679 
680 	msgbuf[0] = 0;
681 
682 	if (ret && ret != -ENODEV && initcall_debug)
683 		sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d ", ret);
684 
685 	if (preempt_count() != count) {
686 		strlcat(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ", sizeof(msgbuf));
687 		preempt_count() = count;
688 	}
689 	if (irqs_disabled()) {
690 		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
691 		local_irq_enable();
692 	}
693 	if (msgbuf[0]) {
694 		printk("initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
695 	}
696 
697 	return ret;
698 }
699 
700 
701 extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[], __early_initcall_end[];
702 
703 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
704 {
705 	initcall_t *fn;
706 
707 	for (fn = __early_initcall_end; fn < __initcall_end; fn++)
708 		do_one_initcall(*fn);
709 }
710 
711 /*
712  * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
713  * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
714  * running, and memory and process management works.
715  *
716  * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
717  */
718 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
719 {
720 	cpuset_init_smp();
721 	usermodehelper_init();
722 	shmem_init();
723 	driver_init();
724 	init_irq_proc();
725 	do_ctors();
726 	usermodehelper_enable();
727 	do_initcalls();
728 }
729 
730 static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
731 {
732 	initcall_t *fn;
733 
734 	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __early_initcall_end; fn++)
735 		do_one_initcall(*fn);
736 }
737 
738 static void run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
739 {
740 	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
741 	kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
742 }
743 
744 /* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
745  * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
746  */
747 static noinline int init_post(void)
748 {
749 	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
750 	async_synchronize_full();
751 	free_initmem();
752 	mark_rodata_ro();
753 	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
754 	numa_default_policy();
755 
756 
757 	current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
758 
759 	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
760 		run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
761 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
762 				ramdisk_execute_command);
763 	}
764 
765 	/*
766 	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
767 	 *
768 	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
769 	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
770 	 */
771 	if (execute_command) {
772 		run_init_process(execute_command);
773 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
774 					"defaults...\n", execute_command);
775 	}
776 	run_init_process("/sbin/init");
777 	run_init_process("/etc/init");
778 	run_init_process("/bin/init");
779 	run_init_process("/bin/sh");
780 
781 	panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
782 	      "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
783 }
784 
785 static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
786 {
787 	/*
788 	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
789 	 */
790 	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
791 	/*
792 	 * init can allocate pages on any node
793 	 */
794 	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
795 	/*
796 	 * init can run on any cpu.
797 	 */
798 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
799 
800 	cad_pid = task_pid(current);
801 
802 	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
803 
804 	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
805 	lockup_detector_init();
806 
807 	smp_init();
808 	sched_init_smp();
809 
810 	do_basic_setup();
811 
812 	/* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
813 	if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
814 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
815 
816 	(void) sys_dup(0);
817 	(void) sys_dup(0);
818 	/*
819 	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
820 	 * the work
821 	 */
822 
823 	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
824 		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
825 
826 	if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
827 		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
828 		prepare_namespace();
829 	}
830 
831 	/*
832 	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
833 	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
834 	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
835 	 */
836 
837 	init_post();
838 	return 0;
839 }
840