xref: /linux/init/main.c (revision 7ec7fb394298c212c30e063c57e0aa895efe9439)
1 /*
2  *  linux/init/main.c
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
5  *
6  *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7  *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8  *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9  *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
10  */
11 
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/module.h>
14 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
17 #include <linux/string.h>
18 #include <linux/ctype.h>
19 #include <linux/delay.h>
20 #include <linux/utsname.h>
21 #include <linux/ioport.h>
22 #include <linux/init.h>
23 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
24 #include <linux/initrd.h>
25 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
26 #include <linux/tty.h>
27 #include <linux/gfp.h>
28 #include <linux/percpu.h>
29 #include <linux/kmod.h>
30 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
31 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
32 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
33 #include <linux/security.h>
34 #include <linux/smp.h>
35 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
36 #include <linux/profile.h>
37 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
38 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
39 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
40 #include <linux/writeback.h>
41 #include <linux/cpu.h>
42 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
43 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
44 #include <linux/efi.h>
45 #include <linux/tick.h>
46 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
47 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
48 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
49 #include <linux/unistd.h>
50 #include <linux/rmap.h>
51 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
52 #include <linux/key.h>
53 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
54 #include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
55 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
56 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
57 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
58 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
59 #include <linux/device.h>
60 #include <linux/kthread.h>
61 #include <linux/sched.h>
62 #include <linux/signal.h>
63 #include <linux/idr.h>
64 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
65 #include <trace/boot.h>
66 
67 #include <asm/io.h>
68 #include <asm/bugs.h>
69 #include <asm/setup.h>
70 #include <asm/sections.h>
71 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
72 
73 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
74 #include <asm/smp.h>
75 #endif
76 
77 static int kernel_init(void *);
78 
79 extern void init_IRQ(void);
80 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
81 extern void mca_init(void);
82 extern void sbus_init(void);
83 extern void prio_tree_init(void);
84 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
85 extern void free_initmem(void);
86 #ifdef	CONFIG_ACPI
87 extern void acpi_early_init(void);
88 #else
89 static inline void acpi_early_init(void) { }
90 #endif
91 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
92 static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
93 #endif
94 
95 #ifdef CONFIG_TC
96 extern void tc_init(void);
97 #endif
98 
99 enum system_states system_state;
100 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
101 
102 /*
103  * Boot command-line arguments
104  */
105 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
106 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
107 
108 extern void time_init(void);
109 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
110 void (*late_time_init)(void);
111 extern void softirq_init(void);
112 
113 /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
114 char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
115 /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
116 char *saved_command_line;
117 /* Command line for parameter parsing */
118 static char *static_command_line;
119 
120 static char *execute_command;
121 static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
122 
123 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
124 /* Setup configured maximum number of CPUs to activate */
125 unsigned int __initdata setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
126 
127 /*
128  * Setup routine for controlling SMP activation
129  *
130  * Command-line option of "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
131  * activation entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
132  *
133  * Command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM> is an integer
134  * greater than 0, limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in
135  * SMP mode to <NUM>.
136  */
137 #ifndef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
138 static inline void disable_ioapic_setup(void) {};
139 #endif
140 
141 static int __init nosmp(char *str)
142 {
143 	setup_max_cpus = 0;
144 	disable_ioapic_setup();
145 	return 0;
146 }
147 
148 early_param("nosmp", nosmp);
149 
150 static int __init maxcpus(char *str)
151 {
152 	get_option(&str, &setup_max_cpus);
153 	if (setup_max_cpus == 0)
154 		disable_ioapic_setup();
155 
156 	return 0;
157 }
158 
159 early_param("maxcpus", maxcpus);
160 #else
161 #define setup_max_cpus NR_CPUS
162 #endif
163 
164 /*
165  * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
166  * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
167  * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
168  *
169  * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
170  * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
171  * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
172  */
173 unsigned int reset_devices;
174 EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
175 
176 static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
177 {
178 	reset_devices = 1;
179 	return 1;
180 }
181 
182 __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
183 
184 static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
185 char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
186 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
187 
188 extern struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
189 
190 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
191 {
192 	struct obs_kernel_param *p;
193 	int had_early_param = 0;
194 
195 	p = __setup_start;
196 	do {
197 		int n = strlen(p->str);
198 		if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
199 			if (p->early) {
200 				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
201 				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
202 				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
203 				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
204 				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
205 					had_early_param = 1;
206 			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
207 				printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
208 				       " ignored\n", p->str);
209 				return 1;
210 			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
211 				return 1;
212 		}
213 		p++;
214 	} while (p < __setup_end);
215 
216 	return had_early_param;
217 }
218 
219 /*
220  * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
221  * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
222  */
223 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
224 
225 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
226 
227 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
228 {
229 	console_loglevel = 10;
230 	return 0;
231 }
232 
233 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
234 {
235 	console_loglevel = 4;
236 	return 0;
237 }
238 
239 early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
240 early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
241 
242 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
243 {
244 	get_option(&str, &console_loglevel);
245 	return 0;
246 }
247 
248 early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
249 
250 /*
251  * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
252  * failed parameters
253  */
254 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
255 {
256 	/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
257 	if (val) {
258 		/* param=val or param="val"? */
259 		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
260 			val[-1] = '=';
261 		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
262 			val[-2] = '=';
263 			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
264 			val--;
265 		} else
266 			BUG();
267 	}
268 
269 	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
270 	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
271 		return 0;
272 
273 	/*
274 	 * Preemptive maintenance for "why didn't my misspelled command
275 	 * line work?"
276 	 */
277 	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val)) {
278 		printk(KERN_ERR "Unknown boot option `%s': ignoring\n", param);
279 		return 0;
280 	}
281 
282 	if (panic_later)
283 		return 0;
284 
285 	if (val) {
286 		/* Environment option */
287 		unsigned int i;
288 		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
289 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
290 				panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
291 				panic_param = param;
292 			}
293 			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
294 				break;
295 		}
296 		envp_init[i] = param;
297 	} else {
298 		/* Command line option */
299 		unsigned int i;
300 		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
301 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
302 				panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
303 				panic_param = param;
304 			}
305 		}
306 		argv_init[i] = param;
307 	}
308 	return 0;
309 }
310 
311 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
312 int __read_mostly debug_pagealloc_enabled = 0;
313 #endif
314 
315 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
316 {
317 	unsigned int i;
318 
319 	execute_command = str;
320 	/*
321 	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
322 	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
323 	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
324 	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
325 	 */
326 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
327 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
328 	return 1;
329 }
330 __setup("init=", init_setup);
331 
332 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
333 {
334 	unsigned int i;
335 
336 	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
337 	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
338 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
339 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
340 	return 1;
341 }
342 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
343 
344 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
345 
346 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
347 static void __init smp_init(void)
348 {
349 	APIC_init_uniprocessor();
350 }
351 #else
352 #define smp_init()	do { } while (0)
353 #endif
354 
355 static inline void setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
356 static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
357 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
358 
359 #else
360 
361 #if NR_CPUS > BITS_PER_LONG
362 cpumask_t cpu_mask_all __read_mostly = CPU_MASK_ALL;
363 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_mask_all);
364 #endif
365 
366 /* Setup number of possible processor ids */
367 int nr_cpu_ids __read_mostly = NR_CPUS;
368 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_cpu_ids);
369 
370 /* An arch may set nr_cpu_ids earlier if needed, so this would be redundant */
371 static void __init setup_nr_cpu_ids(void)
372 {
373 	nr_cpu_ids = find_last_bit(cpumask_bits(cpu_possible_mask),NR_CPUS) + 1;
374 }
375 
376 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
377 unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
378 
379 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
380 
381 static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
382 {
383 	unsigned long size, i;
384 	char *ptr;
385 	unsigned long nr_possible_cpus = num_possible_cpus();
386 
387 	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
388 	size = ALIGN(PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, PAGE_SIZE);
389 	ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size * nr_possible_cpus);
390 
391 	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
392 		__per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
393 		memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
394 		ptr += size;
395 	}
396 }
397 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */
398 
399 /* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
400 static void __init smp_init(void)
401 {
402 	unsigned int cpu;
403 
404 	/*
405 	 * Set up the current CPU as possible to migrate to.
406 	 * The other ones will be done by cpu_up/cpu_down()
407 	 */
408 	cpu = smp_processor_id();
409 	cpu_set(cpu, cpu_active_map);
410 
411 	/* FIXME: This should be done in userspace --RR */
412 	for_each_present_cpu(cpu) {
413 		if (num_online_cpus() >= setup_max_cpus)
414 			break;
415 		if (!cpu_online(cpu))
416 			cpu_up(cpu);
417 	}
418 
419 	/* Any cleanup work */
420 	printk(KERN_INFO "Brought up %ld CPUs\n", (long)num_online_cpus());
421 	smp_cpus_done(setup_max_cpus);
422 }
423 
424 #endif
425 
426 /*
427  * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
428  * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
429  * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
430  * store reference of name/value for future reference.
431  */
432 static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
433 {
434 	saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
435 	static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
436 	strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
437 	strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
438 }
439 
440 /*
441  * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
442  * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
443  * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
444  * cpu_idle.
445  *
446  * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
447  */
448 
449 static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
450 	__releases(kernel_lock)
451 {
452 	int pid;
453 
454 	kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
455 	numa_default_policy();
456 	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
457 	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
458 	unlock_kernel();
459 
460 	/*
461 	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
462 	 * at least once to get things moving:
463 	 */
464 	init_idle_bootup_task(current);
465 	preempt_enable_no_resched();
466 	schedule();
467 	preempt_disable();
468 
469 	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
470 	cpu_idle();
471 }
472 
473 /* Check for early params. */
474 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
475 {
476 	struct obs_kernel_param *p;
477 
478 	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
479 		if ((p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) ||
480 		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
481 		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
482 		) {
483 			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
484 				printk(KERN_WARNING
485 				       "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
486 		}
487 	}
488 	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
489 	return 0;
490 }
491 
492 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
493 void __init parse_early_param(void)
494 {
495 	static __initdata int done = 0;
496 	static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
497 
498 	if (done)
499 		return;
500 
501 	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
502 	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
503 	parse_args("early options", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
504 	done = 1;
505 }
506 
507 /*
508  *	Activate the first processor.
509  */
510 
511 static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
512 {
513 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
514 	/* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
515 	set_cpu_online(cpu, true);
516 	set_cpu_present(cpu, true);
517 	set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);
518 }
519 
520 void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
521 {
522 }
523 
524 void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
525 {
526 }
527 
528 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
529 {
530 	char * command_line;
531 	extern struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
532 
533 	smp_setup_processor_id();
534 
535 	/*
536 	 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
537 	 * lockdep hash:
538 	 */
539 	lockdep_init();
540 	debug_objects_early_init();
541 	cgroup_init_early();
542 
543 	local_irq_disable();
544 	early_boot_irqs_off();
545 	early_init_irq_lock_class();
546 
547 /*
548  * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
549  * enable them
550  */
551 	lock_kernel();
552 	tick_init();
553 	boot_cpu_init();
554 	page_address_init();
555 	printk(KERN_NOTICE);
556 	printk(linux_banner);
557 	setup_arch(&command_line);
558 	mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
559 	setup_command_line(command_line);
560 	setup_per_cpu_areas();
561 	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
562 	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
563 
564 	/*
565 	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
566 	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
567 	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
568 	 */
569 	sched_init();
570 	/*
571 	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
572 	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
573 	 */
574 	preempt_disable();
575 	build_all_zonelists();
576 	page_alloc_init();
577 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
578 	parse_early_param();
579 	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
580 		   __stop___param - __start___param,
581 		   &unknown_bootoption);
582 	if (!irqs_disabled()) {
583 		printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
584 				"enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
585 		local_irq_disable();
586 	}
587 	sort_main_extable();
588 	trap_init();
589 	rcu_init();
590 	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
591 	early_irq_init();
592 	init_IRQ();
593 	pidhash_init();
594 	init_timers();
595 	hrtimers_init();
596 	softirq_init();
597 	timekeeping_init();
598 	time_init();
599 	sched_clock_init();
600 	profile_init();
601 	if (!irqs_disabled())
602 		printk("start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were enabled early\n");
603 	early_boot_irqs_on();
604 	local_irq_enable();
605 
606 	/*
607 	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
608 	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
609 	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
610 	 */
611 	console_init();
612 	if (panic_later)
613 		panic(panic_later, panic_param);
614 
615 	lockdep_info();
616 
617 	/*
618 	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
619 	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
620 	 * too:
621 	 */
622 	locking_selftest();
623 
624 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
625 	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
626 	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
627 		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
628 		    "disabling it.\n",
629 		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
630 		    min_low_pfn);
631 		initrd_start = 0;
632 	}
633 #endif
634 	vmalloc_init();
635 	vfs_caches_init_early();
636 	cpuset_init_early();
637 	page_cgroup_init();
638 	mem_init();
639 	enable_debug_pagealloc();
640 	cpu_hotplug_init();
641 	kmem_cache_init();
642 	debug_objects_mem_init();
643 	idr_init_cache();
644 	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
645 	numa_policy_init();
646 	if (late_time_init)
647 		late_time_init();
648 	calibrate_delay();
649 	pidmap_init();
650 	pgtable_cache_init();
651 	prio_tree_init();
652 	anon_vma_init();
653 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
654 	if (efi_enabled)
655 		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
656 #endif
657 	thread_info_cache_init();
658 	cred_init();
659 	fork_init(num_physpages);
660 	proc_caches_init();
661 	buffer_init();
662 	key_init();
663 	security_init();
664 	vfs_caches_init(num_physpages);
665 	radix_tree_init();
666 	signals_init();
667 	/* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
668 	page_writeback_init();
669 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
670 	proc_root_init();
671 #endif
672 	cgroup_init();
673 	cpuset_init();
674 	taskstats_init_early();
675 	delayacct_init();
676 
677 	check_bugs();
678 
679 	acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
680 
681 	ftrace_init();
682 
683 	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
684 	rest_init();
685 }
686 
687 static int initcall_debug;
688 core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
689 
690 int do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
691 {
692 	int count = preempt_count();
693 	ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
694 	char msgbuf[64];
695 	struct boot_trace_call call;
696 	struct boot_trace_ret ret;
697 
698 	if (initcall_debug) {
699 		call.caller = task_pid_nr(current);
700 		printk("calling  %pF @ %i\n", fn, call.caller);
701 		calltime = ktime_get();
702 		trace_boot_call(&call, fn);
703 		enable_boot_trace();
704 	}
705 
706 	ret.result = fn();
707 
708 	if (initcall_debug) {
709 		disable_boot_trace();
710 		rettime = ktime_get();
711 		delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
712 		ret.duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
713 		trace_boot_ret(&ret, fn);
714 		printk("initcall %pF returned %d after %Ld usecs\n", fn,
715 			ret.result, ret.duration);
716 	}
717 
718 	msgbuf[0] = 0;
719 
720 	if (ret.result && ret.result != -ENODEV && initcall_debug)
721 		sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d ", ret.result);
722 
723 	if (preempt_count() != count) {
724 		strlcat(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ", sizeof(msgbuf));
725 		preempt_count() = count;
726 	}
727 	if (irqs_disabled()) {
728 		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
729 		local_irq_enable();
730 	}
731 	if (msgbuf[0]) {
732 		printk("initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
733 	}
734 
735 	return ret.result;
736 }
737 
738 
739 extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[], __early_initcall_end[];
740 
741 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
742 {
743 	initcall_t *call;
744 
745 	for (call = __early_initcall_end; call < __initcall_end; call++)
746 		do_one_initcall(*call);
747 
748 	/* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
749 	flush_scheduled_work();
750 }
751 
752 /*
753  * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
754  * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
755  * running, and memory and process management works.
756  *
757  * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
758  */
759 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
760 {
761 	rcu_init_sched(); /* needed by module_init stage. */
762 	init_workqueues();
763 	usermodehelper_init();
764 	driver_init();
765 	init_irq_proc();
766 	do_initcalls();
767 }
768 
769 static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
770 {
771 	initcall_t *call;
772 
773 	for (call = __initcall_start; call < __early_initcall_end; call++)
774 		do_one_initcall(*call);
775 }
776 
777 static void run_init_process(char *init_filename)
778 {
779 	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
780 	kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
781 }
782 
783 /* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
784  * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
785  */
786 static noinline int init_post(void)
787 {
788 	free_initmem();
789 	unlock_kernel();
790 	mark_rodata_ro();
791 	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
792 	numa_default_policy();
793 
794 	if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
795 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
796 
797 	(void) sys_dup(0);
798 	(void) sys_dup(0);
799 
800 	current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
801 
802 	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
803 		run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
804 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
805 				ramdisk_execute_command);
806 	}
807 
808 	/*
809 	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
810 	 *
811 	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
812 	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
813 	 */
814 	if (execute_command) {
815 		run_init_process(execute_command);
816 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
817 					"defaults...\n", execute_command);
818 	}
819 	run_init_process("/sbin/init");
820 	run_init_process("/etc/init");
821 	run_init_process("/bin/init");
822 	run_init_process("/bin/sh");
823 
824 	panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.");
825 }
826 
827 static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
828 {
829 	lock_kernel();
830 	/*
831 	 * init can run on any cpu.
832 	 */
833 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, CPU_MASK_ALL_PTR);
834 	/*
835 	 * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
836 	 * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
837 	 *
838 	 * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
839 	 * assumptions about where in the task array this
840 	 * can be found.
841 	 */
842 	init_pid_ns.child_reaper = current;
843 
844 	cad_pid = task_pid(current);
845 
846 	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
847 
848 	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
849 	start_boot_trace();
850 
851 	smp_init();
852 	sched_init_smp();
853 
854 	cpuset_init_smp();
855 
856 	do_basic_setup();
857 
858 	/*
859 	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
860 	 * the work
861 	 */
862 
863 	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
864 		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
865 
866 	if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
867 		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
868 		prepare_namespace();
869 	}
870 
871 	/*
872 	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
873 	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
874 	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
875 	 */
876 
877 	init_post();
878 	return 0;
879 }
880