xref: /linux/init/main.c (revision 0d456bad36d42d16022be045c8a53ddbb59ee478)
1 /*
2  *  linux/init/main.c
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
5  *
6  *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7  *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8  *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9  *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
10  */
11 
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/module.h>
14 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
17 #include <linux/stackprotector.h>
18 #include <linux/string.h>
19 #include <linux/ctype.h>
20 #include <linux/delay.h>
21 #include <linux/ioport.h>
22 #include <linux/init.h>
23 #include <linux/initrd.h>
24 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
25 #include <linux/acpi.h>
26 #include <linux/tty.h>
27 #include <linux/percpu.h>
28 #include <linux/kmod.h>
29 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
30 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
31 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
32 #include <linux/security.h>
33 #include <linux/smp.h>
34 #include <linux/profile.h>
35 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
36 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
37 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
38 #include <linux/writeback.h>
39 #include <linux/cpu.h>
40 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
41 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
42 #include <linux/efi.h>
43 #include <linux/tick.h>
44 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
45 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
46 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
47 #include <linux/unistd.h>
48 #include <linux/rmap.h>
49 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
50 #include <linux/key.h>
51 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
52 #include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
53 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
54 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
55 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
56 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
57 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
58 #include <linux/device.h>
59 #include <linux/kthread.h>
60 #include <linux/sched.h>
61 #include <linux/signal.h>
62 #include <linux/idr.h>
63 #include <linux/kgdb.h>
64 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
65 #include <linux/async.h>
66 #include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
67 #include <linux/sfi.h>
68 #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
69 #include <linux/slab.h>
70 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
71 #include <linux/file.h>
72 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
73 
74 #include <asm/io.h>
75 #include <asm/bugs.h>
76 #include <asm/setup.h>
77 #include <asm/sections.h>
78 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
79 
80 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
81 #include <asm/smp.h>
82 #endif
83 
84 static int kernel_init(void *);
85 
86 extern void init_IRQ(void);
87 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
88 extern void mca_init(void);
89 extern void sbus_init(void);
90 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
91 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
92 static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
93 #endif
94 
95 #ifdef CONFIG_TC
96 extern void tc_init(void);
97 #endif
98 
99 /*
100  * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
101  * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
102  * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
103  * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
104  * flag is set.
105  */
106 bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
107 
108 enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
109 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
110 
111 /*
112  * Boot command-line arguments
113  */
114 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
115 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
116 
117 extern void time_init(void);
118 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
119 void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
120 extern void softirq_init(void);
121 
122 /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
123 char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
124 /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
125 char *saved_command_line;
126 /* Command line for parameter parsing */
127 static char *static_command_line;
128 
129 static char *execute_command;
130 static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
131 
132 /*
133  * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
134  * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
135  * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
136  *
137  * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
138  * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
139  * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
140  */
141 unsigned int reset_devices;
142 EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
143 
144 static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
145 {
146 	reset_devices = 1;
147 	return 1;
148 }
149 
150 __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
151 
152 static const char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
153 const char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
154 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
155 
156 extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
157 
158 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
159 {
160 	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
161 	int had_early_param = 0;
162 
163 	p = __setup_start;
164 	do {
165 		int n = strlen(p->str);
166 		if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
167 			if (p->early) {
168 				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
169 				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
170 				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
171 				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
172 				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
173 					had_early_param = 1;
174 			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
175 				printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
176 				       " ignored\n", p->str);
177 				return 1;
178 			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
179 				return 1;
180 		}
181 		p++;
182 	} while (p < __setup_end);
183 
184 	return had_early_param;
185 }
186 
187 /*
188  * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
189  * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
190  */
191 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
192 
193 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
194 
195 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
196 {
197 	console_loglevel = 10;
198 	return 0;
199 }
200 
201 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
202 {
203 	console_loglevel = 4;
204 	return 0;
205 }
206 
207 early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
208 early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
209 
210 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
211 {
212 	int newlevel;
213 
214 	/*
215 	 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
216 	 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
217 	 * are quite hard to debug
218 	 */
219 	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
220 		console_loglevel = newlevel;
221 		return 0;
222 	}
223 
224 	return -EINVAL;
225 }
226 
227 early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
228 
229 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
230 static int __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
231 {
232 	if (val) {
233 		/* param=val or param="val"? */
234 		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
235 			val[-1] = '=';
236 		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
237 			val[-2] = '=';
238 			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
239 			val--;
240 		} else
241 			BUG();
242 	}
243 	return 0;
244 }
245 
246 /*
247  * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
248  * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
249  */
250 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
251 {
252 	repair_env_string(param, val, unused);
253 
254 	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
255 	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
256 		return 0;
257 
258 	/* Unused module parameter. */
259 	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
260 		return 0;
261 
262 	if (panic_later)
263 		return 0;
264 
265 	if (val) {
266 		/* Environment option */
267 		unsigned int i;
268 		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
269 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
270 				panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
271 				panic_param = param;
272 			}
273 			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
274 				break;
275 		}
276 		envp_init[i] = param;
277 	} else {
278 		/* Command line option */
279 		unsigned int i;
280 		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
281 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
282 				panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
283 				panic_param = param;
284 			}
285 		}
286 		argv_init[i] = param;
287 	}
288 	return 0;
289 }
290 
291 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
292 {
293 	unsigned int i;
294 
295 	execute_command = str;
296 	/*
297 	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
298 	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
299 	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
300 	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
301 	 */
302 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
303 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
304 	return 1;
305 }
306 __setup("init=", init_setup);
307 
308 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
309 {
310 	unsigned int i;
311 
312 	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
313 	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
314 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
315 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
316 	return 1;
317 }
318 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
319 
320 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
321 static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
322 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
323 static void __init smp_init(void)
324 {
325 	APIC_init_uniprocessor();
326 }
327 #else
328 #define smp_init()	do { } while (0)
329 #endif
330 
331 static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
332 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
333 #endif
334 
335 /*
336  * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
337  * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
338  * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
339  * store reference of name/value for future reference.
340  */
341 static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
342 {
343 	saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
344 	static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
345 	strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
346 	strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
347 }
348 
349 /*
350  * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
351  * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
352  * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
353  * cpu_idle.
354  *
355  * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
356  */
357 
358 static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
359 
360 static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
361 {
362 	int pid;
363 
364 	rcu_scheduler_starting();
365 	/*
366 	 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
367 	 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
368 	 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
369 	 */
370 	kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
371 	numa_default_policy();
372 	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
373 	rcu_read_lock();
374 	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
375 	rcu_read_unlock();
376 	complete(&kthreadd_done);
377 
378 	/*
379 	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
380 	 * at least once to get things moving:
381 	 */
382 	init_idle_bootup_task(current);
383 	schedule_preempt_disabled();
384 	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
385 	cpu_idle();
386 }
387 
388 /* Check for early params. */
389 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
390 {
391 	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
392 
393 	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
394 		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
395 		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
396 		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
397 		) {
398 			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
399 				printk(KERN_WARNING
400 				       "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
401 		}
402 	}
403 	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
404 	return 0;
405 }
406 
407 void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
408 {
409 	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, do_early_param);
410 }
411 
412 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
413 void __init parse_early_param(void)
414 {
415 	static __initdata int done = 0;
416 	static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
417 
418 	if (done)
419 		return;
420 
421 	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
422 	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
423 	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
424 	done = 1;
425 }
426 
427 /*
428  *	Activate the first processor.
429  */
430 
431 static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
432 {
433 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
434 	/* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
435 	set_cpu_online(cpu, true);
436 	set_cpu_active(cpu, true);
437 	set_cpu_present(cpu, true);
438 	set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);
439 }
440 
441 void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
442 {
443 }
444 
445 # if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
446 void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
447 {
448 }
449 #endif
450 
451 /*
452  * Set up kernel memory allocators
453  */
454 static void __init mm_init(void)
455 {
456 	/*
457 	 * page_cgroup requires contiguous pages,
458 	 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
459 	 */
460 	page_cgroup_init_flatmem();
461 	mem_init();
462 	kmem_cache_init();
463 	percpu_init_late();
464 	pgtable_cache_init();
465 	vmalloc_init();
466 }
467 
468 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
469 {
470 	char * command_line;
471 	extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
472 
473 	/*
474 	 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
475 	 * lockdep hash:
476 	 */
477 	lockdep_init();
478 	smp_setup_processor_id();
479 	debug_objects_early_init();
480 
481 	/*
482 	 * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
483 	 */
484 	boot_init_stack_canary();
485 
486 	cgroup_init_early();
487 
488 	local_irq_disable();
489 	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
490 
491 /*
492  * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
493  * enable them
494  */
495 	tick_init();
496 	boot_cpu_init();
497 	page_address_init();
498 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
499 	setup_arch(&command_line);
500 	mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
501 	mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
502 	setup_command_line(command_line);
503 	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
504 	setup_per_cpu_areas();
505 	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
506 
507 	build_all_zonelists(NULL, NULL);
508 	page_alloc_init();
509 
510 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
511 	parse_early_param();
512 	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
513 		   __stop___param - __start___param,
514 		   -1, -1, &unknown_bootoption);
515 
516 	jump_label_init();
517 
518 	/*
519 	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
520 	 * kmem_cache_init()
521 	 */
522 	setup_log_buf(0);
523 	pidhash_init();
524 	vfs_caches_init_early();
525 	sort_main_extable();
526 	trap_init();
527 	mm_init();
528 
529 	/*
530 	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
531 	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
532 	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
533 	 */
534 	sched_init();
535 	/*
536 	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
537 	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
538 	 */
539 	preempt_disable();
540 	if (!irqs_disabled()) {
541 		printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
542 				"enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
543 		local_irq_disable();
544 	}
545 	idr_init_cache();
546 	perf_event_init();
547 	rcu_init();
548 	radix_tree_init();
549 	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
550 	early_irq_init();
551 	init_IRQ();
552 	init_timers();
553 	hrtimers_init();
554 	softirq_init();
555 	timekeeping_init();
556 	time_init();
557 	profile_init();
558 	call_function_init();
559 	if (!irqs_disabled())
560 		printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
561 				 "enabled early\n");
562 	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
563 	local_irq_enable();
564 
565 	kmem_cache_init_late();
566 
567 	/*
568 	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
569 	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
570 	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
571 	 */
572 	console_init();
573 	if (panic_later)
574 		panic(panic_later, panic_param);
575 
576 	lockdep_info();
577 
578 	/*
579 	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
580 	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
581 	 * too:
582 	 */
583 	locking_selftest();
584 
585 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
586 	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
587 	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
588 		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
589 		    "disabling it.\n",
590 		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
591 		    min_low_pfn);
592 		initrd_start = 0;
593 	}
594 #endif
595 	page_cgroup_init();
596 	debug_objects_mem_init();
597 	kmemleak_init();
598 	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
599 	numa_policy_init();
600 	if (late_time_init)
601 		late_time_init();
602 	sched_clock_init();
603 	calibrate_delay();
604 	pidmap_init();
605 	anon_vma_init();
606 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
607 	if (efi_enabled)
608 		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
609 #endif
610 	thread_info_cache_init();
611 	cred_init();
612 	fork_init(totalram_pages);
613 	proc_caches_init();
614 	buffer_init();
615 	key_init();
616 	security_init();
617 	dbg_late_init();
618 	vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
619 	signals_init();
620 	/* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
621 	page_writeback_init();
622 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
623 	proc_root_init();
624 #endif
625 	cgroup_init();
626 	cpuset_init();
627 	taskstats_init_early();
628 	delayacct_init();
629 
630 	check_bugs();
631 
632 	acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
633 	sfi_init_late();
634 
635 	if (efi_enabled) {
636 		efi_late_init();
637 		efi_free_boot_services();
638 	}
639 
640 	ftrace_init();
641 
642 	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
643 	rest_init();
644 }
645 
646 /* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
647 static void __init do_ctors(void)
648 {
649 #ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
650 	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
651 
652 	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
653 		(*fn)();
654 #endif
655 }
656 
657 bool initcall_debug;
658 core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
659 
660 static char msgbuf[64];
661 
662 static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
663 {
664 	ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
665 	unsigned long long duration;
666 	int ret;
667 
668 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
669 	calltime = ktime_get();
670 	ret = fn();
671 	rettime = ktime_get();
672 	delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
673 	duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
674 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n", fn,
675 		ret, duration);
676 
677 	return ret;
678 }
679 
680 int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
681 {
682 	int count = preempt_count();
683 	int ret;
684 
685 	if (initcall_debug)
686 		ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
687 	else
688 		ret = fn();
689 
690 	msgbuf[0] = 0;
691 
692 	if (ret && ret != -ENODEV && initcall_debug)
693 		sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d ", ret);
694 
695 	if (preempt_count() != count) {
696 		strlcat(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ", sizeof(msgbuf));
697 		preempt_count() = count;
698 	}
699 	if (irqs_disabled()) {
700 		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
701 		local_irq_enable();
702 	}
703 	if (msgbuf[0]) {
704 		printk("initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
705 	}
706 
707 	return ret;
708 }
709 
710 
711 extern initcall_t __initcall_start[];
712 extern initcall_t __initcall0_start[];
713 extern initcall_t __initcall1_start[];
714 extern initcall_t __initcall2_start[];
715 extern initcall_t __initcall3_start[];
716 extern initcall_t __initcall4_start[];
717 extern initcall_t __initcall5_start[];
718 extern initcall_t __initcall6_start[];
719 extern initcall_t __initcall7_start[];
720 extern initcall_t __initcall_end[];
721 
722 static initcall_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
723 	__initcall0_start,
724 	__initcall1_start,
725 	__initcall2_start,
726 	__initcall3_start,
727 	__initcall4_start,
728 	__initcall5_start,
729 	__initcall6_start,
730 	__initcall7_start,
731 	__initcall_end,
732 };
733 
734 /* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
735 static char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
736 	"early",
737 	"core",
738 	"postcore",
739 	"arch",
740 	"subsys",
741 	"fs",
742 	"device",
743 	"late",
744 };
745 
746 static void __init do_initcall_level(int level)
747 {
748 	extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
749 	initcall_t *fn;
750 
751 	strcpy(static_command_line, saved_command_line);
752 	parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
753 		   static_command_line, __start___param,
754 		   __stop___param - __start___param,
755 		   level, level,
756 		   &repair_env_string);
757 
758 	for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
759 		do_one_initcall(*fn);
760 }
761 
762 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
763 {
764 	int level;
765 
766 	for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++)
767 		do_initcall_level(level);
768 }
769 
770 /*
771  * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
772  * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
773  * running, and memory and process management works.
774  *
775  * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
776  */
777 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
778 {
779 	cpuset_init_smp();
780 	usermodehelper_init();
781 	shmem_init();
782 	driver_init();
783 	init_irq_proc();
784 	do_ctors();
785 	usermodehelper_enable();
786 	do_initcalls();
787 }
788 
789 static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
790 {
791 	initcall_t *fn;
792 
793 	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
794 		do_one_initcall(*fn);
795 }
796 
797 static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
798 {
799 	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
800 	return kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
801 }
802 
803 static void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);
804 
805 static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
806 {
807 	kernel_init_freeable();
808 	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
809 	async_synchronize_full();
810 	free_initmem();
811 	mark_rodata_ro();
812 	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
813 	numa_default_policy();
814 
815 	flush_delayed_fput();
816 
817 	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
818 		if (!run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command))
819 			return 0;
820 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
821 				ramdisk_execute_command);
822 	}
823 
824 	/*
825 	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
826 	 *
827 	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
828 	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
829 	 */
830 	if (execute_command) {
831 		if (!run_init_process(execute_command))
832 			return 0;
833 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
834 					"defaults...\n", execute_command);
835 	}
836 	if (!run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
837 	    !run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
838 	    !run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
839 	    !run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
840 		return 0;
841 
842 	panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
843 	      "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
844 }
845 
846 static void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
847 {
848 	/*
849 	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
850 	 */
851 	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
852 
853 	/* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
854 	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
855 
856 	/*
857 	 * init can allocate pages on any node
858 	 */
859 	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
860 	/*
861 	 * init can run on any cpu.
862 	 */
863 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
864 
865 	cad_pid = task_pid(current);
866 
867 	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
868 
869 	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
870 	lockup_detector_init();
871 
872 	smp_init();
873 	sched_init_smp();
874 
875 	do_basic_setup();
876 
877 	/* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
878 	if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
879 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
880 
881 	(void) sys_dup(0);
882 	(void) sys_dup(0);
883 	/*
884 	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
885 	 * the work
886 	 */
887 
888 	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
889 		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
890 
891 	if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
892 		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
893 		prepare_namespace();
894 	}
895 
896 	/*
897 	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
898 	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
899 	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
900 	 */
901 }
902