xref: /linux/fs/sysfs/dir.c (revision 2b611bb7abdcc08278453fc9f6517401fd69ef95)
1 /*
2  * dir.c - Operations for sysfs directories.
3  */
4 
5 #undef DEBUG
6 
7 #include <linux/fs.h>
8 #include <linux/mount.h>
9 #include <linux/module.h>
10 #include <linux/kobject.h>
11 #include <linux/namei.h>
12 #include <linux/idr.h>
13 #include <asm/semaphore.h>
14 #include "sysfs.h"
15 
16 DECLARE_RWSEM(sysfs_rename_sem);
17 spinlock_t sysfs_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
18 
19 static spinlock_t sysfs_ino_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
20 static DEFINE_IDA(sysfs_ino_ida);
21 
22 int sysfs_alloc_ino(ino_t *pino)
23 {
24 	int ino, rc;
25 
26  retry:
27 	spin_lock(&sysfs_ino_lock);
28 	rc = ida_get_new_above(&sysfs_ino_ida, 2, &ino);
29 	spin_unlock(&sysfs_ino_lock);
30 
31 	if (rc == -EAGAIN) {
32 		if (ida_pre_get(&sysfs_ino_ida, GFP_KERNEL))
33 			goto retry;
34 		rc = -ENOMEM;
35 	}
36 
37 	*pino = ino;
38 	return rc;
39 }
40 
41 static void sysfs_free_ino(ino_t ino)
42 {
43 	spin_lock(&sysfs_ino_lock);
44 	ida_remove(&sysfs_ino_ida, ino);
45 	spin_unlock(&sysfs_ino_lock);
46 }
47 
48 void release_sysfs_dirent(struct sysfs_dirent * sd)
49 {
50 	if (sd->s_type & SYSFS_KOBJ_LINK) {
51 		struct sysfs_symlink * sl = sd->s_element;
52 		kfree(sl->link_name);
53 		kobject_put(sl->target_kobj);
54 		kfree(sl);
55 	}
56 	kfree(sd->s_iattr);
57 	sysfs_free_ino(sd->s_ino);
58 	kmem_cache_free(sysfs_dir_cachep, sd);
59 }
60 
61 static void sysfs_d_iput(struct dentry * dentry, struct inode * inode)
62 {
63 	struct sysfs_dirent * sd = dentry->d_fsdata;
64 
65 	if (sd) {
66 		/* sd->s_dentry is protected with sysfs_lock.  This
67 		 * allows sysfs_drop_dentry() to dereference it.
68 		 */
69 		spin_lock(&sysfs_lock);
70 
71 		/* The dentry might have been deleted or another
72 		 * lookup could have happened updating sd->s_dentry to
73 		 * point the new dentry.  Ignore if it isn't pointing
74 		 * to this dentry.
75 		 */
76 		if (sd->s_dentry == dentry)
77 			sd->s_dentry = NULL;
78 		spin_unlock(&sysfs_lock);
79 		sysfs_put(sd);
80 	}
81 	iput(inode);
82 }
83 
84 static struct dentry_operations sysfs_dentry_ops = {
85 	.d_iput		= sysfs_d_iput,
86 };
87 
88 /*
89  * Allocates a new sysfs_dirent and links it to the parent sysfs_dirent
90  */
91 static struct sysfs_dirent * __sysfs_new_dirent(void * element)
92 {
93 	struct sysfs_dirent * sd;
94 
95 	sd = kmem_cache_zalloc(sysfs_dir_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
96 	if (!sd)
97 		return NULL;
98 
99 	if (sysfs_alloc_ino(&sd->s_ino)) {
100 		kmem_cache_free(sysfs_dir_cachep, sd);
101 		return NULL;
102 	}
103 
104 	atomic_set(&sd->s_count, 1);
105 	atomic_set(&sd->s_event, 1);
106 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sd->s_children);
107 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sd->s_sibling);
108 	sd->s_element = element;
109 
110 	return sd;
111 }
112 
113 static void __sysfs_list_dirent(struct sysfs_dirent *parent_sd,
114 			      struct sysfs_dirent *sd)
115 {
116 	if (sd)
117 		list_add(&sd->s_sibling, &parent_sd->s_children);
118 }
119 
120 static struct sysfs_dirent * sysfs_new_dirent(struct sysfs_dirent *parent_sd,
121 						void * element)
122 {
123 	struct sysfs_dirent *sd;
124 	sd = __sysfs_new_dirent(element);
125 	__sysfs_list_dirent(parent_sd, sd);
126 	return sd;
127 }
128 
129 /*
130  *
131  * Return -EEXIST if there is already a sysfs element with the same name for
132  * the same parent.
133  *
134  * called with parent inode's i_mutex held
135  */
136 int sysfs_dirent_exist(struct sysfs_dirent *parent_sd,
137 			  const unsigned char *new)
138 {
139 	struct sysfs_dirent * sd;
140 
141 	list_for_each_entry(sd, &parent_sd->s_children, s_sibling) {
142 		if (sd->s_element) {
143 			const unsigned char *existing = sysfs_get_name(sd);
144 			if (strcmp(existing, new))
145 				continue;
146 			else
147 				return -EEXIST;
148 		}
149 	}
150 
151 	return 0;
152 }
153 
154 
155 static struct sysfs_dirent *
156 __sysfs_make_dirent(struct dentry *dentry, void *element, mode_t mode, int type)
157 {
158 	struct sysfs_dirent * sd;
159 
160 	sd = __sysfs_new_dirent(element);
161 	if (!sd)
162 		goto out;
163 
164 	sd->s_mode = mode;
165 	sd->s_type = type;
166 	sd->s_dentry = dentry;
167 	if (dentry) {
168 		dentry->d_fsdata = sysfs_get(sd);
169 		dentry->d_op = &sysfs_dentry_ops;
170 	}
171 
172 out:
173 	return sd;
174 }
175 
176 int sysfs_make_dirent(struct sysfs_dirent * parent_sd, struct dentry * dentry,
177 			void * element, umode_t mode, int type)
178 {
179 	struct sysfs_dirent *sd;
180 
181 	sd = __sysfs_make_dirent(dentry, element, mode, type);
182 	__sysfs_list_dirent(parent_sd, sd);
183 
184 	return sd ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
185 }
186 
187 static int init_dir(struct inode * inode)
188 {
189 	inode->i_op = &sysfs_dir_inode_operations;
190 	inode->i_fop = &sysfs_dir_operations;
191 
192 	/* directory inodes start off with i_nlink == 2 (for "." entry) */
193 	inc_nlink(inode);
194 	return 0;
195 }
196 
197 static int init_file(struct inode * inode)
198 {
199 	inode->i_size = PAGE_SIZE;
200 	inode->i_fop = &sysfs_file_operations;
201 	return 0;
202 }
203 
204 static int init_symlink(struct inode * inode)
205 {
206 	inode->i_op = &sysfs_symlink_inode_operations;
207 	return 0;
208 }
209 
210 static int create_dir(struct kobject * k, struct dentry * p,
211 		      const char * n, struct dentry ** d)
212 {
213 	int error;
214 	umode_t mode = S_IFDIR| S_IRWXU | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO;
215 
216 	mutex_lock(&p->d_inode->i_mutex);
217 	*d = lookup_one_len(n, p, strlen(n));
218 	if (!IS_ERR(*d)) {
219  		if (sysfs_dirent_exist(p->d_fsdata, n))
220   			error = -EEXIST;
221   		else
222 			error = sysfs_make_dirent(p->d_fsdata, *d, k, mode,
223 								SYSFS_DIR);
224 		if (!error) {
225 			error = sysfs_create(*d, mode, init_dir);
226 			if (!error) {
227 				inc_nlink(p->d_inode);
228 				(*d)->d_op = &sysfs_dentry_ops;
229 				d_rehash(*d);
230 			}
231 		}
232 		if (error && (error != -EEXIST)) {
233 			struct sysfs_dirent *sd = (*d)->d_fsdata;
234 			if (sd) {
235  				list_del_init(&sd->s_sibling);
236 				sysfs_put(sd);
237 			}
238 			d_drop(*d);
239 		}
240 		dput(*d);
241 	} else
242 		error = PTR_ERR(*d);
243 	mutex_unlock(&p->d_inode->i_mutex);
244 	return error;
245 }
246 
247 
248 int sysfs_create_subdir(struct kobject * k, const char * n, struct dentry ** d)
249 {
250 	return create_dir(k,k->dentry,n,d);
251 }
252 
253 /**
254  *	sysfs_create_dir - create a directory for an object.
255  *	@kobj:		object we're creating directory for.
256  *	@shadow_parent:	parent parent object.
257  */
258 
259 int sysfs_create_dir(struct kobject * kobj, struct dentry *shadow_parent)
260 {
261 	struct dentry * dentry = NULL;
262 	struct dentry * parent;
263 	int error = 0;
264 
265 	BUG_ON(!kobj);
266 
267 	if (shadow_parent)
268 		parent = shadow_parent;
269 	else if (kobj->parent)
270 		parent = kobj->parent->dentry;
271 	else if (sysfs_mount && sysfs_mount->mnt_sb)
272 		parent = sysfs_mount->mnt_sb->s_root;
273 	else
274 		return -EFAULT;
275 
276 	error = create_dir(kobj,parent,kobject_name(kobj),&dentry);
277 	if (!error)
278 		kobj->dentry = dentry;
279 	return error;
280 }
281 
282 /* attaches attribute's sysfs_dirent to the dentry corresponding to the
283  * attribute file
284  */
285 static int sysfs_attach_attr(struct sysfs_dirent * sd, struct dentry * dentry)
286 {
287 	struct attribute * attr = NULL;
288 	struct bin_attribute * bin_attr = NULL;
289 	int (* init) (struct inode *) = NULL;
290 	int error = 0;
291 
292         if (sd->s_type & SYSFS_KOBJ_BIN_ATTR) {
293                 bin_attr = sd->s_element;
294                 attr = &bin_attr->attr;
295         } else {
296                 attr = sd->s_element;
297                 init = init_file;
298         }
299 
300 	dentry->d_fsdata = sysfs_get(sd);
301 	/* protect sd->s_dentry against sysfs_d_iput */
302 	spin_lock(&sysfs_lock);
303 	sd->s_dentry = dentry;
304 	spin_unlock(&sysfs_lock);
305 	error = sysfs_create(dentry, (attr->mode & S_IALLUGO) | S_IFREG, init);
306 	if (error) {
307 		sysfs_put(sd);
308 		return error;
309 	}
310 
311         if (bin_attr) {
312 		dentry->d_inode->i_size = bin_attr->size;
313 		dentry->d_inode->i_fop = &bin_fops;
314 	}
315 	dentry->d_op = &sysfs_dentry_ops;
316 	d_rehash(dentry);
317 
318 	return 0;
319 }
320 
321 static int sysfs_attach_link(struct sysfs_dirent * sd, struct dentry * dentry)
322 {
323 	int err = 0;
324 
325 	dentry->d_fsdata = sysfs_get(sd);
326 	/* protect sd->s_dentry against sysfs_d_iput */
327 	spin_lock(&sysfs_lock);
328 	sd->s_dentry = dentry;
329 	spin_unlock(&sysfs_lock);
330 	err = sysfs_create(dentry, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO, init_symlink);
331 	if (!err) {
332 		dentry->d_op = &sysfs_dentry_ops;
333 		d_rehash(dentry);
334 	} else
335 		sysfs_put(sd);
336 
337 	return err;
338 }
339 
340 static struct dentry * sysfs_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
341 				struct nameidata *nd)
342 {
343 	struct sysfs_dirent * parent_sd = dentry->d_parent->d_fsdata;
344 	struct sysfs_dirent * sd;
345 	int err = 0;
346 
347 	list_for_each_entry(sd, &parent_sd->s_children, s_sibling) {
348 		if (sd->s_type & SYSFS_NOT_PINNED) {
349 			const unsigned char * name = sysfs_get_name(sd);
350 
351 			if (strcmp(name, dentry->d_name.name))
352 				continue;
353 
354 			if (sd->s_type & SYSFS_KOBJ_LINK)
355 				err = sysfs_attach_link(sd, dentry);
356 			else
357 				err = sysfs_attach_attr(sd, dentry);
358 			break;
359 		}
360 	}
361 
362 	return ERR_PTR(err);
363 }
364 
365 const struct inode_operations sysfs_dir_inode_operations = {
366 	.lookup		= sysfs_lookup,
367 	.setattr	= sysfs_setattr,
368 };
369 
370 static void remove_dir(struct dentry * d)
371 {
372 	struct dentry * parent = dget(d->d_parent);
373 	struct sysfs_dirent * sd;
374 
375 	mutex_lock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);
376 	d_delete(d);
377 	sd = d->d_fsdata;
378  	list_del_init(&sd->s_sibling);
379 	sysfs_put(sd);
380 	if (d->d_inode)
381 		simple_rmdir(parent->d_inode,d);
382 
383 	pr_debug(" o %s removing done (%d)\n",d->d_name.name,
384 		 atomic_read(&d->d_count));
385 
386 	mutex_unlock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);
387 	dput(parent);
388 }
389 
390 void sysfs_remove_subdir(struct dentry * d)
391 {
392 	remove_dir(d);
393 }
394 
395 
396 static void __sysfs_remove_dir(struct dentry *dentry)
397 {
398 	struct sysfs_dirent * parent_sd;
399 	struct sysfs_dirent * sd, * tmp;
400 
401 	dget(dentry);
402 	if (!dentry)
403 		return;
404 
405 	pr_debug("sysfs %s: removing dir\n",dentry->d_name.name);
406 	mutex_lock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
407 	parent_sd = dentry->d_fsdata;
408 	list_for_each_entry_safe(sd, tmp, &parent_sd->s_children, s_sibling) {
409 		if (!sd->s_element || !(sd->s_type & SYSFS_NOT_PINNED))
410 			continue;
411 		list_del_init(&sd->s_sibling);
412 		sysfs_drop_dentry(sd, dentry);
413 		sysfs_put(sd);
414 	}
415 	mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
416 
417 	remove_dir(dentry);
418 	/**
419 	 * Drop reference from dget() on entrance.
420 	 */
421 	dput(dentry);
422 }
423 
424 /**
425  *	sysfs_remove_dir - remove an object's directory.
426  *	@kobj:	object.
427  *
428  *	The only thing special about this is that we remove any files in
429  *	the directory before we remove the directory, and we've inlined
430  *	what used to be sysfs_rmdir() below, instead of calling separately.
431  */
432 
433 void sysfs_remove_dir(struct kobject * kobj)
434 {
435 	__sysfs_remove_dir(kobj->dentry);
436 	kobj->dentry = NULL;
437 }
438 
439 int sysfs_rename_dir(struct kobject * kobj, struct dentry *new_parent,
440 		     const char *new_name)
441 {
442 	int error = 0;
443 	struct dentry * new_dentry;
444 
445 	if (!new_parent)
446 		return -EFAULT;
447 
448 	down_write(&sysfs_rename_sem);
449 	mutex_lock(&new_parent->d_inode->i_mutex);
450 
451 	new_dentry = lookup_one_len(new_name, new_parent, strlen(new_name));
452 	if (!IS_ERR(new_dentry)) {
453 		/* By allowing two different directories with the
454 		 * same d_parent we allow this routine to move
455 		 * between different shadows of the same directory
456 		 */
457 		if (kobj->dentry->d_parent->d_inode != new_parent->d_inode)
458 			return -EINVAL;
459 		else if (new_dentry->d_parent->d_inode != new_parent->d_inode)
460 			error = -EINVAL;
461 		else if (new_dentry == kobj->dentry)
462 			error = -EINVAL;
463 		else if (!new_dentry->d_inode) {
464 			error = kobject_set_name(kobj, "%s", new_name);
465 			if (!error) {
466 				struct sysfs_dirent *sd, *parent_sd;
467 
468 				d_add(new_dentry, NULL);
469 				d_move(kobj->dentry, new_dentry);
470 
471 				sd = kobj->dentry->d_fsdata;
472 				parent_sd = new_parent->d_fsdata;
473 
474 				list_del_init(&sd->s_sibling);
475 				list_add(&sd->s_sibling, &parent_sd->s_children);
476 			}
477 			else
478 				d_drop(new_dentry);
479 		} else
480 			error = -EEXIST;
481 		dput(new_dentry);
482 	}
483 	mutex_unlock(&new_parent->d_inode->i_mutex);
484 	up_write(&sysfs_rename_sem);
485 
486 	return error;
487 }
488 
489 int sysfs_move_dir(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobject *new_parent)
490 {
491 	struct dentry *old_parent_dentry, *new_parent_dentry, *new_dentry;
492 	struct sysfs_dirent *new_parent_sd, *sd;
493 	int error;
494 
495 	old_parent_dentry = kobj->parent ?
496 		kobj->parent->dentry : sysfs_mount->mnt_sb->s_root;
497 	new_parent_dentry = new_parent ?
498 		new_parent->dentry : sysfs_mount->mnt_sb->s_root;
499 
500 	if (old_parent_dentry->d_inode == new_parent_dentry->d_inode)
501 		return 0;	/* nothing to move */
502 again:
503 	mutex_lock(&old_parent_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
504 	if (!mutex_trylock(&new_parent_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex)) {
505 		mutex_unlock(&old_parent_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
506 		goto again;
507 	}
508 
509 	new_parent_sd = new_parent_dentry->d_fsdata;
510 	sd = kobj->dentry->d_fsdata;
511 
512 	new_dentry = lookup_one_len(kobj->name, new_parent_dentry,
513 				    strlen(kobj->name));
514 	if (IS_ERR(new_dentry)) {
515 		error = PTR_ERR(new_dentry);
516 		goto out;
517 	} else
518 		error = 0;
519 	d_add(new_dentry, NULL);
520 	d_move(kobj->dentry, new_dentry);
521 	dput(new_dentry);
522 
523 	/* Remove from old parent's list and insert into new parent's list. */
524 	list_del_init(&sd->s_sibling);
525 	list_add(&sd->s_sibling, &new_parent_sd->s_children);
526 
527 out:
528 	mutex_unlock(&new_parent_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
529 	mutex_unlock(&old_parent_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
530 
531 	return error;
532 }
533 
534 static int sysfs_dir_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
535 {
536 	struct dentry * dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
537 	struct sysfs_dirent * parent_sd = dentry->d_fsdata;
538 
539 	mutex_lock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
540 	file->private_data = sysfs_new_dirent(parent_sd, NULL);
541 	mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
542 
543 	return file->private_data ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
544 
545 }
546 
547 static int sysfs_dir_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
548 {
549 	struct dentry * dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
550 	struct sysfs_dirent * cursor = file->private_data;
551 
552 	mutex_lock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
553 	list_del_init(&cursor->s_sibling);
554 	mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
555 
556 	release_sysfs_dirent(cursor);
557 
558 	return 0;
559 }
560 
561 /* Relationship between s_mode and the DT_xxx types */
562 static inline unsigned char dt_type(struct sysfs_dirent *sd)
563 {
564 	return (sd->s_mode >> 12) & 15;
565 }
566 
567 static int sysfs_readdir(struct file * filp, void * dirent, filldir_t filldir)
568 {
569 	struct dentry *dentry = filp->f_path.dentry;
570 	struct sysfs_dirent * parent_sd = dentry->d_fsdata;
571 	struct sysfs_dirent *cursor = filp->private_data;
572 	struct list_head *p, *q = &cursor->s_sibling;
573 	ino_t ino;
574 	int i = filp->f_pos;
575 
576 	switch (i) {
577 		case 0:
578 			ino = parent_sd->s_ino;
579 			if (filldir(dirent, ".", 1, i, ino, DT_DIR) < 0)
580 				break;
581 			filp->f_pos++;
582 			i++;
583 			/* fallthrough */
584 		case 1:
585 			ino = parent_ino(dentry);
586 			if (filldir(dirent, "..", 2, i, ino, DT_DIR) < 0)
587 				break;
588 			filp->f_pos++;
589 			i++;
590 			/* fallthrough */
591 		default:
592 			if (filp->f_pos == 2)
593 				list_move(q, &parent_sd->s_children);
594 
595 			for (p=q->next; p!= &parent_sd->s_children; p=p->next) {
596 				struct sysfs_dirent *next;
597 				const char * name;
598 				int len;
599 
600 				next = list_entry(p, struct sysfs_dirent,
601 						   s_sibling);
602 				if (!next->s_element)
603 					continue;
604 
605 				name = sysfs_get_name(next);
606 				len = strlen(name);
607 				ino = next->s_ino;
608 
609 				if (filldir(dirent, name, len, filp->f_pos, ino,
610 						 dt_type(next)) < 0)
611 					return 0;
612 
613 				list_move(q, p);
614 				p = q;
615 				filp->f_pos++;
616 			}
617 	}
618 	return 0;
619 }
620 
621 static loff_t sysfs_dir_lseek(struct file * file, loff_t offset, int origin)
622 {
623 	struct dentry * dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
624 
625 	mutex_lock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
626 	switch (origin) {
627 		case 1:
628 			offset += file->f_pos;
629 		case 0:
630 			if (offset >= 0)
631 				break;
632 		default:
633 			mutex_unlock(&file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
634 			return -EINVAL;
635 	}
636 	if (offset != file->f_pos) {
637 		file->f_pos = offset;
638 		if (file->f_pos >= 2) {
639 			struct sysfs_dirent *sd = dentry->d_fsdata;
640 			struct sysfs_dirent *cursor = file->private_data;
641 			struct list_head *p;
642 			loff_t n = file->f_pos - 2;
643 
644 			list_del(&cursor->s_sibling);
645 			p = sd->s_children.next;
646 			while (n && p != &sd->s_children) {
647 				struct sysfs_dirent *next;
648 				next = list_entry(p, struct sysfs_dirent,
649 						   s_sibling);
650 				if (next->s_element)
651 					n--;
652 				p = p->next;
653 			}
654 			list_add_tail(&cursor->s_sibling, p);
655 		}
656 	}
657 	mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
658 	return offset;
659 }
660 
661 
662 /**
663  *	sysfs_make_shadowed_dir - Setup so a directory can be shadowed
664  *	@kobj:	object we're creating shadow of.
665  */
666 
667 int sysfs_make_shadowed_dir(struct kobject *kobj,
668 	void * (*follow_link)(struct dentry *, struct nameidata *))
669 {
670 	struct inode *inode;
671 	struct inode_operations *i_op;
672 
673 	inode = kobj->dentry->d_inode;
674 	if (inode->i_op != &sysfs_dir_inode_operations)
675 		return -EINVAL;
676 
677 	i_op = kmalloc(sizeof(*i_op), GFP_KERNEL);
678 	if (!i_op)
679 		return -ENOMEM;
680 
681 	memcpy(i_op, &sysfs_dir_inode_operations, sizeof(*i_op));
682 	i_op->follow_link = follow_link;
683 
684 	/* Locking of inode->i_op?
685 	 * Since setting i_op is a single word write and they
686 	 * are atomic we should be ok here.
687 	 */
688 	inode->i_op = i_op;
689 	return 0;
690 }
691 
692 /**
693  *	sysfs_create_shadow_dir - create a shadow directory for an object.
694  *	@kobj:	object we're creating directory for.
695  *
696  *	sysfs_make_shadowed_dir must already have been called on this
697  *	directory.
698  */
699 
700 struct dentry *sysfs_create_shadow_dir(struct kobject *kobj)
701 {
702 	struct sysfs_dirent *sd;
703 	struct dentry *parent, *dir, *shadow;
704 	struct inode *inode;
705 
706 	dir = kobj->dentry;
707 	inode = dir->d_inode;
708 	parent = dir->d_parent;
709 	shadow = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
710 	if (!sysfs_is_shadowed_inode(inode))
711 		goto out;
712 
713 	shadow = d_alloc(parent, &dir->d_name);
714 	if (!shadow)
715 		goto nomem;
716 
717 	sd = __sysfs_make_dirent(shadow, kobj, inode->i_mode, SYSFS_DIR);
718 	if (!sd)
719 		goto nomem;
720 
721 	d_instantiate(shadow, igrab(inode));
722 	inc_nlink(inode);
723 	inc_nlink(parent->d_inode);
724 	shadow->d_op = &sysfs_dentry_ops;
725 
726 	dget(shadow);		/* Extra count - pin the dentry in core */
727 
728 out:
729 	return shadow;
730 nomem:
731 	dput(shadow);
732 	shadow = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
733 	goto out;
734 }
735 
736 /**
737  *	sysfs_remove_shadow_dir - remove an object's directory.
738  *	@shadow: dentry of shadow directory
739  *
740  *	The only thing special about this is that we remove any files in
741  *	the directory before we remove the directory, and we've inlined
742  *	what used to be sysfs_rmdir() below, instead of calling separately.
743  */
744 
745 void sysfs_remove_shadow_dir(struct dentry *shadow)
746 {
747 	__sysfs_remove_dir(shadow);
748 }
749 
750 const struct file_operations sysfs_dir_operations = {
751 	.open		= sysfs_dir_open,
752 	.release	= sysfs_dir_close,
753 	.llseek		= sysfs_dir_lseek,
754 	.read		= generic_read_dir,
755 	.readdir	= sysfs_readdir,
756 };
757