fs/squashfs/file.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 * Squashfs - a compressed read only filesystem for Linux
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 * Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
 *
 * file.c
 */

/*
 * This file contains code for handling regular files.  A regular file
 * consists of a sequence of contiguous compressed blocks, and/or a
 * compressed fragment block (tail-end packed block).   The compressed size
 * of each datablock is stored in a block list contained within the
 * file inode (itself stored in one or more compressed metadata blocks).
 *
 * To speed up access to datablocks when reading 'large' files (256 Mbytes or
 * larger), the code implements an index cache that caches the mapping from
 * block index to datablock location on disk.
 *
 * The index cache allows Squashfs to handle large files (up to 1.75 TiB) while
 * retaining a simple and space-efficient block list on disk.  The cache
 * is split into slots, caching up to eight 224 GiB files (128 KiB blocks).
 * Larger files use multiple slots, with 1.75 TiB files using all 8 slots.
 * The index cache is designed to be memory efficient, and by default uses
 * 16 KiB.
 */

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/filelock.h>
#include <linux/vfs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>

#include "squashfs_fs.h"
#include "squashfs_fs_sb.h"
#include "squashfs_fs_i.h"
#include "squashfs.h"
#include "page_actor.h"

/*
 * Locate cache slot in range [offset, index] for specified inode.  If
 * there's more than one return the slot closest to index.
 */
static struct meta_index *locate_meta_index(struct inode *inode, int offset,
				int index)
{
	struct meta_index *meta = NULL;
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	int i;

	mutex_lock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);

	TRACE("locate_meta_index: index %d, offset %d\n", index, offset);

	if (msblk->meta_index == NULL)
		goto not_allocated;

	for (i = 0; i < SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS; i++) {
		if (msblk->meta_index[i].inode_number == inode->i_ino &&
				msblk->meta_index[i].offset >= offset &&
				msblk->meta_index[i].offset <= index &&
				msblk->meta_index[i].locked == 0) {
			TRACE("locate_meta_index: entry %d, offset %d\n", i,
					msblk->meta_index[i].offset);
			meta = &msblk->meta_index[i];
			offset = meta->offset;
		}
	}

	if (meta)
		meta->locked = 1;

not_allocated:
	mutex_unlock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);

	return meta;
}


/*
 * Find and initialise an empty cache slot for index offset.
 */
static struct meta_index *empty_meta_index(struct inode *inode, int offset,
				int skip)
{
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	struct meta_index *meta = NULL;
	int i;

	mutex_lock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);

	TRACE("empty_meta_index: offset %d, skip %d\n", offset, skip);

	if (msblk->meta_index == NULL) {
		/*
		 * First time cache index has been used, allocate and
		 * initialise.  The cache index could be allocated at
		 * mount time but doing it here means it is allocated only
		 * if a 'large' file is read.
		 */
		msblk->meta_index = kzalloc_objs(*(msblk->meta_index),
						 SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS,
						 GFP_KERNEL);
		if (msblk->meta_index == NULL) {
			ERROR("Failed to allocate meta_index\n");
			goto failed;
		}
		for (i = 0; i < SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS; i++) {
			msblk->meta_index[i].inode_number = 0;
			msblk->meta_index[i].locked = 0;
		}
		msblk->next_meta_index = 0;
	}

	for (i = SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS; i &&
			msblk->meta_index[msblk->next_meta_index].locked; i--)
		msblk->next_meta_index = (msblk->next_meta_index + 1) %
			SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS;

	if (i == 0) {
		TRACE("empty_meta_index: failed!\n");
		goto failed;
	}

	TRACE("empty_meta_index: returned meta entry %d, %p\n",
			msblk->next_meta_index,
			&msblk->meta_index[msblk->next_meta_index]);

	meta = &msblk->meta_index[msblk->next_meta_index];
	msblk->next_meta_index = (msblk->next_meta_index + 1) %
			SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS;

	meta->inode_number = inode->i_ino;
	meta->offset = offset;
	meta->skip = skip;
	meta->entries = 0;
	meta->locked = 1;

failed:
	mutex_unlock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
	return meta;
}


static void release_meta_index(struct inode *inode, struct meta_index *meta)
{
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	mutex_lock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
	meta->locked = 0;
	mutex_unlock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
}


/*
 * Read the next n blocks from the block list, starting from
 * metadata block <start_block, offset>.
 */
static long long read_indexes(struct super_block *sb, int n,
				u64 *start_block, int *offset)
{
	int err, i;
	long long block = 0;
	__le32 *blist = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);

	if (blist == NULL) {
		ERROR("read_indexes: Failed to allocate block_list\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	while (n) {
		int blocks = min_t(int, n, PAGE_SIZE >> 2);

		err = squashfs_read_metadata(sb, blist, start_block,
				offset, blocks << 2);
		if (err < 0) {
			ERROR("read_indexes: reading block [%llx:%x]\n",
				*start_block, *offset);
			goto failure;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < blocks; i++) {
			int size = squashfs_block_size(blist[i]);
			if (size < 0) {
				err = size;
				goto failure;
			}
			block += SQUASHFS_COMPRESSED_SIZE_BLOCK(size);
		}
		n -= blocks;
	}

	kfree(blist);
	return block;

failure:
	kfree(blist);
	return err;
}


/*
 * Each cache index slot has SQUASHFS_META_ENTRIES, each of which
 * can cache one index -> datablock/blocklist-block mapping.  We wish
 * to distribute these over the length of the file, entry[0] maps index x,
 * entry[1] maps index x + skip, entry[2] maps index x + 2 * skip, and so on.
 * The larger the file, the greater the skip factor.  The skip factor is
 * limited to the size of the metadata cache (SQUASHFS_CACHED_BLKS) to ensure
 * the number of metadata blocks that need to be read fits into the cache.
 * If the skip factor is limited in this way then the file will use multiple
 * slots.
 */
static inline int calculate_skip(u64 blocks)
{
	u64 skip = blocks / ((SQUASHFS_META_ENTRIES + 1)
		 * SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES);
	return min((u64) SQUASHFS_CACHED_BLKS - 1, skip + 1);
}


/*
 * Search and grow the index cache for the specified inode, returning the
 * on-disk locations of the datablock and block list metadata block
 * <index_block, index_offset> for index (scaled to nearest cache index).
 */
static int fill_meta_index(struct inode *inode, int index,
		u64 *index_block, int *index_offset, u64 *data_block)
{
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	int skip = calculate_skip(i_size_read(inode) >> msblk->block_log);
	int offset = 0;
	struct meta_index *meta;
	struct meta_entry *meta_entry;
	u64 cur_index_block = squashfs_i(inode)->block_list_start;
	int cur_offset = squashfs_i(inode)->offset;
	u64 cur_data_block = squashfs_i(inode)->start;
	int err, i;

	/*
	 * Scale index to cache index (cache slot entry)
	 */
	index /= SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES * skip;

	while (offset < index) {
		meta = locate_meta_index(inode, offset + 1, index);

		if (meta == NULL) {
			meta = empty_meta_index(inode, offset + 1, skip);
			if (meta == NULL)
				goto all_done;
		} else {
			offset = index < meta->offset + meta->entries ? index :
				meta->offset + meta->entries - 1;
			meta_entry = &meta->meta_entry[offset - meta->offset];
			cur_index_block = meta_entry->index_block +
				msblk->inode_table;
			cur_offset = meta_entry->offset;
			cur_data_block = meta_entry->data_block;
			TRACE("get_meta_index: offset %d, meta->offset %d, "
				"meta->entries %d\n", offset, meta->offset,
				meta->entries);
			TRACE("get_meta_index: index_block 0x%llx, offset 0x%x"
				" data_block 0x%llx\n", cur_index_block,
				cur_offset, cur_data_block);
		}

		/*
		 * If necessary grow cache slot by reading block list.  Cache
		 * slot is extended up to index or to the end of the slot, in
		 * which case further slots will be used.
		 */
		for (i = meta->offset + meta->entries; i <= index &&
				i < meta->offset + SQUASHFS_META_ENTRIES; i++) {
			int blocks = skip * SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES;
			long long res = read_indexes(inode->i_sb, blocks,
					&cur_index_block, &cur_offset);

			if (res < 0) {
				if (meta->entries == 0)
					/*
					 * Don't leave an empty slot on read
					 * error allocated to this inode...
					 */
					meta->inode_number = 0;
				err = res;
				goto failed;
			}

			cur_data_block += res;
			meta_entry = &meta->meta_entry[i - meta->offset];
			meta_entry->index_block = cur_index_block -
				msblk->inode_table;
			meta_entry->offset = cur_offset;
			meta_entry->data_block = cur_data_block;
			meta->entries++;
			offset++;
		}

		TRACE("get_meta_index: meta->offset %d, meta->entries %d\n",
				meta->offset, meta->entries);

		release_meta_index(inode, meta);
	}

all_done:
	*index_block = cur_index_block;
	*index_offset = cur_offset;
	if (data_block)
		*data_block = cur_data_block;

	/*
	 * Scale cache index (cache slot entry) to index
	 */
	return offset * SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES * skip;

failed:
	release_meta_index(inode, meta);
	return err;
}


/*
 * Get the on-disk location and compressed size of the datablock
 * specified by index.  Fill_meta_index() does most of the work.
 */
static int read_blocklist_ptrs(struct inode *inode, int index, u64 *start,
	int *offset, u64 *block)
{
	long long blks;
	__le32 size;
	int res = fill_meta_index(inode, index, start, offset, block);

	TRACE("read_blocklist: res %d, index %d, start 0x%llx, offset 0x%x, block 0x%llx\n",
				res, index, *start, *offset, block ? *block : 0);

	if (res < 0)
		return res;

	/*
	 * res contains the index of the mapping returned by fill_meta_index(),
	 * this will likely be less than the desired index (because the
	 * meta_index cache works at a higher granularity).  Read any
	 * extra block indexes needed.
	 */
	if (res < index) {
		blks = read_indexes(inode->i_sb, index - res, start, offset);
		if (blks < 0)
			return (int) blks;
		if (block)
			*block += blks;
	}

	/*
	 * Read length of block specified by index.
	 */
	res = squashfs_read_metadata(inode->i_sb, &size, start, offset,
			sizeof(size));
	if (res < 0)
		return res;
	return squashfs_block_size(size);
}

static inline int read_blocklist(struct inode *inode, int index, u64 *block)
{
	u64 start;
	int offset;

	return read_blocklist_ptrs(inode, index, &start, &offset, block);
}

static bool squashfs_fill_page(struct folio *folio,
		struct squashfs_cache_entry *buffer, size_t offset,
		size_t avail)
{
	size_t copied;
	void *pageaddr;

	pageaddr = kmap_local_folio(folio, 0);
	copied = squashfs_copy_data(pageaddr, buffer, offset, avail);
	memset(pageaddr + copied, 0, PAGE_SIZE - copied);
	kunmap_local(pageaddr);

	flush_dcache_folio(folio);

	return copied == avail;
}

/* Copy data into page cache  */
void squashfs_copy_cache(struct folio *folio,
		struct squashfs_cache_entry *buffer, size_t bytes,
		size_t offset)
{
	struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	int i, mask = (1 << (msblk->block_log - PAGE_SHIFT)) - 1;
	int start_index = folio->index & ~mask, end_index = start_index | mask;

	/*
	 * Loop copying datablock into pages.  As the datablock likely covers
	 * many PAGE_SIZE pages (default block size is 128 KiB) explicitly
	 * grab the pages from the page cache, except for the page that we've
	 * been called to fill.
	 */
	for (i = start_index; i <= end_index && bytes > 0; i++,
			bytes -= PAGE_SIZE, offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
		struct folio *push_folio;
		size_t avail = buffer ? min(bytes, PAGE_SIZE) : 0;
		bool updated = false;

		TRACE("bytes %zu, i %d, available_bytes %zu\n", bytes, i, avail);

		push_folio = (i == folio->index) ? folio :
			__filemap_get_folio(mapping, i,
					FGP_LOCK|FGP_CREAT|FGP_NOFS|FGP_NOWAIT,
					mapping_gfp_mask(mapping));

		if (IS_ERR(push_folio))
			continue;

		if (folio_test_uptodate(push_folio))
			goto skip_folio;

		updated = squashfs_fill_page(push_folio, buffer, offset, avail);
skip_folio:
		folio_end_read(push_folio, updated);
		if (i != folio->index)
			folio_put(push_folio);
	}
}

/* Read datablock stored packed inside a fragment (tail-end packed block) */
static int squashfs_readpage_fragment(struct folio *folio, int expected)
{
	struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
	struct squashfs_cache_entry *buffer = squashfs_get_fragment(inode->i_sb,
		squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block,
		squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_size);
	int res = buffer->error;

	if (res)
		ERROR("Unable to read page, block %llx, size %x\n",
			squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block,
			squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_size);
	else
		squashfs_copy_cache(folio, buffer, expected,
			squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_offset);

	squashfs_cache_put(buffer);
	return res;
}

static int squashfs_readpage_sparse(struct folio *folio, int expected)
{
	squashfs_copy_cache(folio, NULL, expected, 0);
	return 0;
}

static int squashfs_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
{
	struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	int index = folio->index >> (msblk->block_log - PAGE_SHIFT);
	int file_end = i_size_read(inode) >> msblk->block_log;
	int expected = index == file_end ?
			(i_size_read(inode) & (msblk->block_size - 1)) :
			 msblk->block_size;
	int res = 0;

	TRACE("Entered squashfs_readpage, page index %lx, start block %llx\n",
				folio->index, squashfs_i(inode)->start);

	if (folio->index >= ((i_size_read(inode) + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >>
					PAGE_SHIFT))
		goto out;

	if (index < file_end || squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block ==
					SQUASHFS_INVALID_BLK) {
		u64 block = 0;

		res = read_blocklist(inode, index, &block);
		if (res < 0)
			goto out;

		if (res == 0)
			res = squashfs_readpage_sparse(folio, expected);
		else
			res = squashfs_readpage_block(folio, block, res, expected);
	} else
		res = squashfs_readpage_fragment(folio, expected);

	if (!res)
		return 0;

out:
	folio_zero_segment(folio, 0, folio_size(folio));
	folio_end_read(folio, res == 0);

	return res;
}

static int squashfs_readahead_fragment(struct inode *inode, struct page **page,
	unsigned int pages, unsigned int expected, loff_t start)
{
	struct squashfs_cache_entry *buffer = squashfs_get_fragment(inode->i_sb,
		squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block,
		squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_size);
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	int i, bytes, copied;
	struct squashfs_page_actor *actor;
	unsigned int offset;
	void *addr;
	struct page *last_page;

	if (buffer->error)
		goto out;

	actor = squashfs_page_actor_init_special(msblk, page, pages,
							expected, start);
	if (!actor)
		goto out;

	squashfs_actor_nobuff(actor);
	addr = squashfs_first_page(actor);

	for (copied = offset = 0; offset < expected; offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
		int avail = min_t(int, expected - offset, PAGE_SIZE);

		if (!IS_ERR(addr)) {
			bytes = squashfs_copy_data(addr, buffer, offset +
					squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_offset, avail);

			if (bytes != avail)
				goto failed;
		}

		copied += avail;
		addr = squashfs_next_page(actor);
	}

	last_page = squashfs_page_actor_free(actor);

	if (copied == expected && !IS_ERR(last_page)) {
		/* Last page (if present) may have trailing bytes not filled */
		bytes = copied % PAGE_SIZE;
		if (bytes && last_page)
			memzero_page(last_page, bytes, PAGE_SIZE - bytes);

		for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
			flush_dcache_page(page[i]);
			SetPageUptodate(page[i]);
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
		unlock_page(page[i]);
		put_page(page[i]);
	}

	squashfs_cache_put(buffer);
	return 0;

failed:
	squashfs_page_actor_free(actor);

out:
	squashfs_cache_put(buffer);
	return 1;
}

static void squashfs_readahead(struct readahead_control *ractl)
{
	struct inode *inode = ractl->mapping->host;
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	size_t mask = (1UL << msblk->block_log) - 1;
	unsigned short shift = msblk->block_log - PAGE_SHIFT;
	loff_t start = readahead_pos(ractl) & ~mask;
	size_t len = readahead_length(ractl) + readahead_pos(ractl) - start;
	struct squashfs_page_actor *actor;
	unsigned int nr_pages = 0;
	struct page **pages;
	int i;
	loff_t file_end = i_size_read(inode) >> msblk->block_log;
	unsigned int max_pages = 1UL << shift;

	readahead_expand(ractl, start, (len | mask) + 1);

	pages = kmalloc_array(max_pages, sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!pages)
		return;

	for (;;) {
		int res, bsize;
		u64 block = 0;
		unsigned int expected;
		struct page *last_page;

		expected = start >> msblk->block_log == file_end ?
			   (i_size_read(inode) & (msblk->block_size - 1)) :
			    msblk->block_size;

		max_pages = (expected + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

		nr_pages = __readahead_batch(ractl, pages, max_pages);
		if (!nr_pages)
			break;

		if (readahead_pos(ractl) >= i_size_read(inode))
			goto skip_pages;

		if (start >> msblk->block_log == file_end &&
				squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block != SQUASHFS_INVALID_BLK) {
			res = squashfs_readahead_fragment(inode, pages,
					nr_pages, expected, start);
			if (res)
				goto skip_pages;
			continue;
		}

		bsize = read_blocklist(inode, start >> msblk->block_log, &block);
		if (bsize == 0)
			goto skip_pages;

		actor = squashfs_page_actor_init_special(msblk, pages, nr_pages,
							expected, start);
		if (!actor)
			goto skip_pages;

		res = squashfs_read_data(inode->i_sb, block, bsize, NULL, actor);

		last_page = squashfs_page_actor_free(actor);

		if (res == expected && !IS_ERR(last_page)) {
			int bytes;

			/* Last page (if present) may have trailing bytes not filled */
			bytes = res % PAGE_SIZE;
			if (start >> msblk->block_log == file_end && bytes && last_page)
				memzero_page(last_page, bytes,
					     PAGE_SIZE - bytes);

			for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
				flush_dcache_page(pages[i]);
				SetPageUptodate(pages[i]);
			}
		}

		for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
			unlock_page(pages[i]);
			put_page(pages[i]);
		}

		start += readahead_batch_length(ractl);
	}

	kfree(pages);
	return;

skip_pages:
	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		unlock_page(pages[i]);
		put_page(pages[i]);
	}
	kfree(pages);
}

static loff_t seek_hole_data(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
	struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = sb->s_fs_info;
	u64 start, index = offset >> msblk->block_log;
	u64 file_end = (i_size_read(inode) + msblk->block_size - 1) >> msblk->block_log;
	int s_offset, length;
	__le32 *blist = NULL;

	/* reject offset if negative or beyond file end */
	if ((unsigned long long)offset >= i_size_read(inode))
		return -ENXIO;

	/* is offset within tailend and is tailend packed into a fragment? */
	if (index + 1 == file_end &&
			squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block != SQUASHFS_INVALID_BLK) {
		if (whence == SEEK_DATA)
			return offset;

		/* there is an implicit hole at the end of any file */
		return i_size_read(inode);
	}

	length = read_blocklist_ptrs(inode, index, &start, &s_offset, NULL);
	if (length < 0)
		return length;

	/* nothing more to do if offset matches desired whence value */
	if ((length == 0 && whence == SEEK_HOLE) ||
					(length && whence == SEEK_DATA))
		return offset;

	/* skip scanning forwards if we're at file end */
	if (++ index == file_end)
		goto not_found;

	blist = kmalloc(SQUASHFS_SCAN_INDEXES << 2, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (blist == NULL) {
		ERROR("%s: Failed to allocate block_list\n", __func__);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	while (index < file_end) {
		int i, indexes = min(file_end - index, SQUASHFS_SCAN_INDEXES);

		offset = squashfs_read_metadata(sb, blist, &start, &s_offset, indexes << 2);
		if (offset < 0)
			goto finished;

		for (i = 0; i < indexes; i++) {
			length = squashfs_block_size(blist[i]);
			if (length < 0) {
				offset = length;
				goto finished;
			}

			/* does this block match desired whence value? */
			if ((length == 0 && whence == SEEK_HOLE) ||
					(length && whence == SEEK_DATA)) {
				offset = (index + i) << msblk->block_log;
				goto finished;
			}
		}

		index += indexes;
	}

not_found:
	/* whence value determines what happens */
	if (whence == SEEK_DATA)
		offset = -ENXIO;
	else
		/* there is an implicit hole at the end of any file */
		offset = i_size_read(inode);

finished:
	kfree(blist);
	return offset;
}

static loff_t squashfs_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;

	switch (whence) {
	default:
		return generic_file_llseek(file, offset, whence);
	case SEEK_DATA:
	case SEEK_HOLE:
		offset = seek_hole_data(file, offset, whence);
		break;
	}

	if (offset < 0)
		return offset;

	return vfs_setpos(file, offset, inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes);
}

const struct address_space_operations squashfs_aops = {
	.read_folio = squashfs_read_folio,
	.readahead = squashfs_readahead
};

const struct file_operations squashfs_file_operations = {
	.llseek		= squashfs_llseek,
	.read_iter	= generic_file_read_iter,
	.mmap_prepare	= generic_file_readonly_mmap_prepare,
	.splice_read	= filemap_splice_read,
	.setlease	= generic_setlease,
};