xref: /linux/fs/ecryptfs/inode.c (revision cd354f1ae75e6466a7e31b727faede57a1f89ca5)
1 /**
2  * eCryptfs: Linux filesystem encryption layer
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1997-2004 Erez Zadok
5  * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Stony Brook University
6  * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 International Business Machines Corp.
7  *   Author(s): Michael A. Halcrow <mahalcro@us.ibm.com>
8  *              Michael C. Thompsion <mcthomps@us.ibm.com>
9  *
10  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
11  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
12  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
13  * License, or (at your option) any later version.
14  *
15  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
16  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
18  * General Public License for more details.
19  *
20  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
22  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
23  * 02111-1307, USA.
24  */
25 
26 #include <linux/file.h>
27 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
28 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
29 #include <linux/dcache.h>
30 #include <linux/namei.h>
31 #include <linux/mount.h>
32 #include <linux/crypto.h>
33 #include <linux/fs_stack.h>
34 #include "ecryptfs_kernel.h"
35 
36 static struct dentry *lock_parent(struct dentry *dentry)
37 {
38 	struct dentry *dir;
39 
40 	dir = dget(dentry->d_parent);
41 	mutex_lock(&(dir->d_inode->i_mutex));
42 	return dir;
43 }
44 
45 static void unlock_parent(struct dentry *dentry)
46 {
47 	mutex_unlock(&(dentry->d_parent->d_inode->i_mutex));
48 	dput(dentry->d_parent);
49 }
50 
51 static void unlock_dir(struct dentry *dir)
52 {
53 	mutex_unlock(&dir->d_inode->i_mutex);
54 	dput(dir);
55 }
56 
57 /**
58  * ecryptfs_create_underlying_file
59  * @lower_dir_inode: inode of the parent in the lower fs of the new file
60  * @lower_dentry: New file's dentry in the lower fs
61  * @ecryptfs_dentry: New file's dentry in ecryptfs
62  * @mode: The mode of the new file
63  * @nd: nameidata of ecryptfs' parent's dentry & vfsmount
64  *
65  * Creates the file in the lower file system.
66  *
67  * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error condition
68  */
69 static int
70 ecryptfs_create_underlying_file(struct inode *lower_dir_inode,
71 				struct dentry *dentry, int mode,
72 				struct nameidata *nd)
73 {
74 	struct dentry *lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
75 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry);
76 	struct dentry *dentry_save;
77 	struct vfsmount *vfsmount_save;
78 	int rc;
79 
80 	dentry_save = nd->dentry;
81 	vfsmount_save = nd->mnt;
82 	nd->dentry = lower_dentry;
83 	nd->mnt = lower_mnt;
84 	rc = vfs_create(lower_dir_inode, lower_dentry, mode, nd);
85 	nd->dentry = dentry_save;
86 	nd->mnt = vfsmount_save;
87 	return rc;
88 }
89 
90 /**
91  * ecryptfs_do_create
92  * @directory_inode: inode of the new file's dentry's parent in ecryptfs
93  * @ecryptfs_dentry: New file's dentry in ecryptfs
94  * @mode: The mode of the new file
95  * @nd: nameidata of ecryptfs' parent's dentry & vfsmount
96  *
97  * Creates the underlying file and the eCryptfs inode which will link to
98  * it. It will also update the eCryptfs directory inode to mimic the
99  * stat of the lower directory inode.
100  *
101  * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error condition
102  */
103 static int
104 ecryptfs_do_create(struct inode *directory_inode,
105 		   struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry, int mode,
106 		   struct nameidata *nd)
107 {
108 	int rc;
109 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
110 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
111 
112 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(ecryptfs_dentry);
113 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
114 	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(lower_dir_dentry))) {
115 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Error locking directory of "
116 				"dentry\n");
117 		rc = PTR_ERR(lower_dir_dentry);
118 		goto out;
119 	}
120 	rc = ecryptfs_create_underlying_file(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode,
121 					     ecryptfs_dentry, mode, nd);
122 	if (unlikely(rc)) {
123 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
124 				"Failure to create underlying file\n");
125 		goto out_lock;
126 	}
127 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, ecryptfs_dentry,
128 				directory_inode->i_sb, 0);
129 	if (rc) {
130 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Failure in ecryptfs_interpose\n");
131 		goto out_lock;
132 	}
133 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(directory_inode, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
134 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(directory_inode, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
135 out_lock:
136 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
137 out:
138 	return rc;
139 }
140 
141 /**
142  * grow_file
143  * @ecryptfs_dentry: the ecryptfs dentry
144  * @lower_file: The lower file
145  * @inode: The ecryptfs inode
146  * @lower_inode: The lower inode
147  *
148  * This is the code which will grow the file to its correct size.
149  */
150 static int grow_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry, struct file *lower_file,
151 		     struct inode *inode, struct inode *lower_inode)
152 {
153 	int rc = 0;
154 	struct file fake_file;
155 	struct ecryptfs_file_info tmp_file_info;
156 
157 	memset(&fake_file, 0, sizeof(fake_file));
158 	fake_file.f_path.dentry = ecryptfs_dentry;
159 	memset(&tmp_file_info, 0, sizeof(tmp_file_info));
160 	ecryptfs_set_file_private(&fake_file, &tmp_file_info);
161 	ecryptfs_set_file_lower(&fake_file, lower_file);
162 	rc = ecryptfs_fill_zeros(&fake_file, 1);
163 	if (rc) {
164 		ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->crypt_stat.flags |=
165 			ECRYPTFS_SECURITY_WARNING;
166 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_WARNING, "Error attempting to fill zeros "
167 				"in file; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
168 		goto out;
169 	}
170 	i_size_write(inode, 0);
171 	ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(lower_file, lower_inode, inode,
172 					      ecryptfs_dentry,
173 					      ECRYPTFS_LOWER_I_MUTEX_NOT_HELD);
174 	ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->crypt_stat.flags |= ECRYPTFS_NEW_FILE;
175 out:
176 	return rc;
177 }
178 
179 /**
180  * ecryptfs_initialize_file
181  *
182  * Cause the file to be changed from a basic empty file to an ecryptfs
183  * file with a header and first data page.
184  *
185  * Returns zero on success
186  */
187 static int ecryptfs_initialize_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry)
188 {
189 	int rc = 0;
190 	int lower_flags;
191 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
192 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
193 	struct file *lower_file;
194 	struct inode *inode, *lower_inode;
195 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
196 
197 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(ecryptfs_dentry);
198 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "lower_dentry->d_name.name = [%s]\n",
199 			lower_dentry->d_name.name);
200 	inode = ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode;
201 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->crypt_stat;
202 	lower_flags = ((O_CREAT | O_TRUNC) & O_ACCMODE) | O_RDWR;
203 #if BITS_PER_LONG != 32
204 	lower_flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
205 #endif
206 	lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(ecryptfs_dentry);
207 	/* Corresponding fput() at end of this function */
208 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_open_lower_file(&lower_file, lower_dentry, lower_mnt,
209 					   lower_flags))) {
210 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
211 				"Error opening dentry; rc = [%i]\n", rc);
212 		goto out;
213 	}
214 	lower_inode = lower_dentry->d_inode;
215 	if (S_ISDIR(ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode->i_mode)) {
216 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "This is a directory\n");
217 		crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
218 		goto out_fput;
219 	}
220 	crypt_stat->flags |= ECRYPTFS_NEW_FILE;
221 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Initializing crypto context\n");
222 	rc = ecryptfs_new_file_context(ecryptfs_dentry);
223 	if (rc) {
224 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Error creating new file "
225 				"context\n");
226 		goto out_fput;
227 	}
228 	rc = ecryptfs_write_metadata(ecryptfs_dentry, lower_file);
229 	if (rc) {
230 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Error writing headers\n");
231 		goto out_fput;
232 	}
233 	rc = grow_file(ecryptfs_dentry, lower_file, inode, lower_inode);
234 out_fput:
235 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_close_lower_file(lower_file)))
236 		printk(KERN_ERR "Error closing lower_file\n");
237 out:
238 	return rc;
239 }
240 
241 /**
242  * ecryptfs_create
243  * @dir: The inode of the directory in which to create the file.
244  * @dentry: The eCryptfs dentry
245  * @mode: The mode of the new file.
246  * @nd: nameidata
247  *
248  * Creates a new file.
249  *
250  * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error condition
251  */
252 static int
253 ecryptfs_create(struct inode *directory_inode, struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry,
254 		int mode, struct nameidata *nd)
255 {
256 	int rc;
257 
258 	rc = ecryptfs_do_create(directory_inode, ecryptfs_dentry, mode, nd);
259 	if (unlikely(rc)) {
260 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_WARNING, "Failed to create file in"
261 				"lower filesystem\n");
262 		goto out;
263 	}
264 	/* At this point, a file exists on "disk"; we need to make sure
265 	 * that this on disk file is prepared to be an ecryptfs file */
266 	rc = ecryptfs_initialize_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
267 out:
268 	return rc;
269 }
270 
271 /**
272  * ecryptfs_lookup
273  * @dir: inode
274  * @dentry: The dentry
275  * @nd: nameidata, may be NULL
276  *
277  * Find a file on disk. If the file does not exist, then we'll add it to the
278  * dentry cache and continue on to read it from the disk.
279  */
280 static struct dentry *ecryptfs_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
281 				      struct nameidata *nd)
282 {
283 	int rc = 0;
284 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
285 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
286 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
287 	char *encoded_name;
288 	unsigned int encoded_namelen;
289 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat = NULL;
290 	struct ecryptfs_mount_crypt_stat *mount_crypt_stat;
291 	char *page_virt = NULL;
292 	struct inode *lower_inode;
293 	u64 file_size;
294 
295 	lower_dir_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry->d_parent);
296 	dentry->d_op = &ecryptfs_dops;
297 	if ((dentry->d_name.len == 1 && !strcmp(dentry->d_name.name, "."))
298 	    || (dentry->d_name.len == 2
299 		&& !strcmp(dentry->d_name.name, ".."))) {
300 		d_drop(dentry);
301 		goto out;
302 	}
303 	encoded_namelen = ecryptfs_encode_filename(crypt_stat,
304 						   dentry->d_name.name,
305 						   dentry->d_name.len,
306 						   &encoded_name);
307 	if (encoded_namelen < 0) {
308 		rc = encoded_namelen;
309 		d_drop(dentry);
310 		goto out;
311 	}
312 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "encoded_name = [%s]; encoded_namelen "
313 			"= [%d]\n", encoded_name, encoded_namelen);
314 	lower_dentry = lookup_one_len(encoded_name, lower_dir_dentry,
315 				      encoded_namelen - 1);
316 	kfree(encoded_name);
317 	if (IS_ERR(lower_dentry)) {
318 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "ERR from lower_dentry\n");
319 		rc = PTR_ERR(lower_dentry);
320 		d_drop(dentry);
321 		goto out;
322 	}
323 	lower_mnt = mntget(ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry->d_parent));
324 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "lower_dentry = [%p]; lower_dentry->"
325        		"d_name.name = [%s]\n", lower_dentry,
326 		lower_dentry->d_name.name);
327 	lower_inode = lower_dentry->d_inode;
328 	fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
329 	BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&lower_dentry->d_count));
330 	ecryptfs_set_dentry_private(dentry,
331 				    kmem_cache_alloc(ecryptfs_dentry_info_cache,
332 						     GFP_KERNEL));
333 	if (!ecryptfs_dentry_to_private(dentry)) {
334 		rc = -ENOMEM;
335 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Out of memory whilst attempting "
336 				"to allocate ecryptfs_dentry_info struct\n");
337 		goto out_dput;
338 	}
339 	ecryptfs_set_dentry_lower(dentry, lower_dentry);
340 	ecryptfs_set_dentry_lower_mnt(dentry, lower_mnt);
341 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode) {
342 		/* We want to add because we couldn't find in lower */
343 		d_add(dentry, NULL);
344 		goto out;
345 	}
346 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 1);
347 	if (rc) {
348 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Error interposing\n");
349 		goto out_dput;
350 	}
351 	if (S_ISDIR(lower_inode->i_mode)) {
352 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Is a directory; returning\n");
353 		goto out;
354 	}
355 	if (S_ISLNK(lower_inode->i_mode)) {
356 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Is a symlink; returning\n");
357 		goto out;
358 	}
359 	if (!nd) {
360 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "We have a NULL nd, just leave"
361 				"as we *think* we are about to unlink\n");
362 		goto out;
363 	}
364 	/* Released in this function */
365 	page_virt = kmem_cache_zalloc(ecryptfs_header_cache_2,
366 				      GFP_USER);
367 	if (!page_virt) {
368 		rc = -ENOMEM;
369 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
370 				"Cannot ecryptfs_kmalloc a page\n");
371 		goto out_dput;
372 	}
373 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
374 	if (!(crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_POLICY_APPLIED))
375 		ecryptfs_set_default_sizes(crypt_stat);
376 	rc = ecryptfs_read_and_validate_header_region(page_virt, lower_dentry,
377 						      nd->mnt);
378 	if (rc) {
379 		rc = ecryptfs_read_and_validate_xattr_region(page_virt, dentry);
380 		if (rc) {
381 			printk(KERN_DEBUG "Valid metadata not found in header "
382 			       "region or xattr region; treating file as "
383 			       "unencrypted\n");
384 			rc = 0;
385 			kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_header_cache_2, page_virt);
386 			goto out;
387 		}
388 		crypt_stat->flags |= ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR;
389 	}
390 	mount_crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_superblock_to_private(
391 		dentry->d_sb)->mount_crypt_stat;
392 	if (mount_crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED_VIEW_ENABLED) {
393 		if (crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR)
394 			file_size = (crypt_stat->header_extent_size
395 				     + i_size_read(lower_dentry->d_inode));
396 		else
397 			file_size = i_size_read(lower_dentry->d_inode);
398 	} else {
399 		memcpy(&file_size, page_virt, sizeof(file_size));
400 		file_size = be64_to_cpu(file_size);
401 	}
402 	i_size_write(dentry->d_inode, (loff_t)file_size);
403 	kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_header_cache_2, page_virt);
404 	goto out;
405 
406 out_dput:
407 	dput(lower_dentry);
408 	d_drop(dentry);
409 out:
410 	return ERR_PTR(rc);
411 }
412 
413 static int ecryptfs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
414 			 struct dentry *new_dentry)
415 {
416 	struct dentry *lower_old_dentry;
417 	struct dentry *lower_new_dentry;
418 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
419 	u64 file_size_save;
420 	int rc;
421 
422 	file_size_save = i_size_read(old_dentry->d_inode);
423 	lower_old_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(old_dentry);
424 	lower_new_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(new_dentry);
425 	dget(lower_old_dentry);
426 	dget(lower_new_dentry);
427 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_new_dentry);
428 	rc = vfs_link(lower_old_dentry, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode,
429 		      lower_new_dentry);
430 	if (rc || !lower_new_dentry->d_inode)
431 		goto out_lock;
432 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_new_dentry, new_dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
433 	if (rc)
434 		goto out_lock;
435 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_new_dentry->d_inode);
436 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_new_dentry->d_inode);
437 	old_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink =
438 		ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(old_dentry->d_inode)->i_nlink;
439 	i_size_write(new_dentry->d_inode, file_size_save);
440 out_lock:
441 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
442 	dput(lower_new_dentry);
443 	dput(lower_old_dentry);
444 	d_drop(lower_old_dentry);
445 	d_drop(new_dentry);
446 	d_drop(old_dentry);
447 	return rc;
448 }
449 
450 static int ecryptfs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
451 {
452 	int rc = 0;
453 	struct dentry *lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
454 	struct inode *lower_dir_inode = ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(dir);
455 
456 	lock_parent(lower_dentry);
457 	rc = vfs_unlink(lower_dir_inode, lower_dentry);
458 	if (rc) {
459 		printk(KERN_ERR "Error in vfs_unlink; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
460 		goto out_unlock;
461 	}
462 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_inode);
463 	dentry->d_inode->i_nlink =
464 		ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(dentry->d_inode)->i_nlink;
465 	dentry->d_inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime;
466 out_unlock:
467 	unlock_parent(lower_dentry);
468 	return rc;
469 }
470 
471 static int ecryptfs_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
472 			    const char *symname)
473 {
474 	int rc;
475 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
476 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
477 	umode_t mode;
478 	char *encoded_symname;
479 	unsigned int encoded_symlen;
480 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat = NULL;
481 
482 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
483 	dget(lower_dentry);
484 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
485 	mode = S_IALLUGO;
486 	encoded_symlen = ecryptfs_encode_filename(crypt_stat, symname,
487 						  strlen(symname),
488 						  &encoded_symname);
489 	if (encoded_symlen < 0) {
490 		rc = encoded_symlen;
491 		goto out_lock;
492 	}
493 	rc = vfs_symlink(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry,
494 			 encoded_symname, mode);
495 	kfree(encoded_symname);
496 	if (rc || !lower_dentry->d_inode)
497 		goto out_lock;
498 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
499 	if (rc)
500 		goto out_lock;
501 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
502 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
503 out_lock:
504 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
505 	dput(lower_dentry);
506 	if (!dentry->d_inode)
507 		d_drop(dentry);
508 	return rc;
509 }
510 
511 static int ecryptfs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)
512 {
513 	int rc;
514 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
515 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
516 
517 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
518 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
519 	rc = vfs_mkdir(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry, mode);
520 	if (rc || !lower_dentry->d_inode)
521 		goto out;
522 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
523 	if (rc)
524 		goto out;
525 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
526 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
527 	dir->i_nlink = lower_dir_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink;
528 out:
529 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
530 	if (!dentry->d_inode)
531 		d_drop(dentry);
532 	return rc;
533 }
534 
535 static int ecryptfs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
536 {
537 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
538 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
539 	int rc;
540 
541 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
542 	dget(dentry);
543 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
544 	dget(lower_dentry);
545 	rc = vfs_rmdir(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry);
546 	dput(lower_dentry);
547 	if (!rc)
548 		d_delete(lower_dentry);
549 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
550 	dir->i_nlink = lower_dir_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink;
551 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
552 	if (!rc)
553 		d_drop(dentry);
554 	dput(dentry);
555 	return rc;
556 }
557 
558 static int
559 ecryptfs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev)
560 {
561 	int rc;
562 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
563 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
564 
565 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
566 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
567 	rc = vfs_mknod(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry, mode, dev);
568 	if (rc || !lower_dentry->d_inode)
569 		goto out;
570 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
571 	if (rc)
572 		goto out;
573 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
574 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
575 out:
576 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
577 	if (!dentry->d_inode)
578 		d_drop(dentry);
579 	return rc;
580 }
581 
582 static int
583 ecryptfs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
584 		struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry)
585 {
586 	int rc;
587 	struct dentry *lower_old_dentry;
588 	struct dentry *lower_new_dentry;
589 	struct dentry *lower_old_dir_dentry;
590 	struct dentry *lower_new_dir_dentry;
591 
592 	lower_old_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(old_dentry);
593 	lower_new_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(new_dentry);
594 	dget(lower_old_dentry);
595 	dget(lower_new_dentry);
596 	lower_old_dir_dentry = dget_parent(lower_old_dentry);
597 	lower_new_dir_dentry = dget_parent(lower_new_dentry);
598 	lock_rename(lower_old_dir_dentry, lower_new_dir_dentry);
599 	rc = vfs_rename(lower_old_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_old_dentry,
600 			lower_new_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_new_dentry);
601 	if (rc)
602 		goto out_lock;
603 	fsstack_copy_attr_all(new_dir, lower_new_dir_dentry->d_inode, NULL);
604 	if (new_dir != old_dir)
605 		fsstack_copy_attr_all(old_dir, lower_old_dir_dentry->d_inode, NULL);
606 out_lock:
607 	unlock_rename(lower_old_dir_dentry, lower_new_dir_dentry);
608 	dput(lower_new_dentry->d_parent);
609 	dput(lower_old_dentry->d_parent);
610 	dput(lower_new_dentry);
611 	dput(lower_old_dentry);
612 	return rc;
613 }
614 
615 static int
616 ecryptfs_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, char __user * buf, int bufsiz)
617 {
618 	int rc;
619 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
620 	char *decoded_name;
621 	char *lower_buf;
622 	mm_segment_t old_fs;
623 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
624 
625 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
626 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op ||
627 	    !lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink) {
628 		rc = -EINVAL;
629 		goto out;
630 	}
631 	/* Released in this function */
632 	lower_buf = kmalloc(bufsiz, GFP_KERNEL);
633 	if (lower_buf == NULL) {
634 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Out of memory\n");
635 		rc = -ENOMEM;
636 		goto out;
637 	}
638 	old_fs = get_fs();
639 	set_fs(get_ds());
640 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Calling readlink w/ "
641 			"lower_dentry->d_name.name = [%s]\n",
642 			lower_dentry->d_name.name);
643 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink(lower_dentry,
644 						   (char __user *)lower_buf,
645 						   bufsiz);
646 	set_fs(old_fs);
647 	if (rc >= 0) {
648 		crypt_stat = NULL;
649 		rc = ecryptfs_decode_filename(crypt_stat, lower_buf, rc,
650 					      &decoded_name);
651 		if (rc == -ENOMEM)
652 			goto out_free_lower_buf;
653 		if (rc > 0) {
654 			ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Copying [%d] bytes "
655 					"to userspace: [%*s]\n", rc,
656 					decoded_name);
657 			if (copy_to_user(buf, decoded_name, rc))
658 				rc = -EFAULT;
659 		}
660 		kfree(decoded_name);
661 		fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dentry->d_inode,
662 					lower_dentry->d_inode);
663 	}
664 out_free_lower_buf:
665 	kfree(lower_buf);
666 out:
667 	return rc;
668 }
669 
670 static void *ecryptfs_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
671 {
672 	char *buf;
673 	int len = PAGE_SIZE, rc;
674 	mm_segment_t old_fs;
675 
676 	/* Released in ecryptfs_put_link(); only release here on error */
677 	buf = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
678 	if (!buf) {
679 		rc = -ENOMEM;
680 		goto out;
681 	}
682 	old_fs = get_fs();
683 	set_fs(get_ds());
684 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Calling readlink w/ "
685 			"dentry->d_name.name = [%s]\n", dentry->d_name.name);
686 	rc = dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink(dentry, (char __user *)buf, len);
687 	buf[rc] = '\0';
688 	set_fs(old_fs);
689 	if (rc < 0)
690 		goto out_free;
691 	rc = 0;
692 	nd_set_link(nd, buf);
693 	goto out;
694 out_free:
695 	kfree(buf);
696 out:
697 	return ERR_PTR(rc);
698 }
699 
700 static void
701 ecryptfs_put_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd, void *ptr)
702 {
703 	/* Free the char* */
704 	kfree(nd_get_link(nd));
705 }
706 
707 /**
708  * upper_size_to_lower_size
709  * @crypt_stat: Crypt_stat associated with file
710  * @upper_size: Size of the upper file
711  *
712  * Calculate the requried size of the lower file based on the
713  * specified size of the upper file. This calculation is based on the
714  * number of headers in the underlying file and the extent size.
715  *
716  * Returns Calculated size of the lower file.
717  */
718 static loff_t
719 upper_size_to_lower_size(struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat,
720 			 loff_t upper_size)
721 {
722 	loff_t lower_size;
723 
724 	lower_size = ( crypt_stat->header_extent_size
725 		       * crypt_stat->num_header_extents_at_front );
726 	if (upper_size != 0) {
727 		loff_t num_extents;
728 
729 		num_extents = upper_size >> crypt_stat->extent_shift;
730 		if (upper_size & ~crypt_stat->extent_mask)
731 			num_extents++;
732 		lower_size += (num_extents * crypt_stat->extent_size);
733 	}
734 	return lower_size;
735 }
736 
737 /**
738  * ecryptfs_truncate
739  * @dentry: The ecryptfs layer dentry
740  * @new_length: The length to expand the file to
741  *
742  * Function to handle truncations modifying the size of the file. Note
743  * that the file sizes are interpolated. When expanding, we are simply
744  * writing strings of 0's out. When truncating, we need to modify the
745  * underlying file size according to the page index interpolations.
746  *
747  * Returns zero on success; non-zero otherwise
748  */
749 int ecryptfs_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t new_length)
750 {
751 	int rc = 0;
752 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
753 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
754 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
755 	struct file fake_ecryptfs_file, *lower_file = NULL;
756 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
757 	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
758 	loff_t lower_size_before_truncate;
759 	loff_t lower_size_after_truncate;
760 
761 	if (unlikely((new_length == i_size)))
762 		goto out;
763 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
764 	/* Set up a fake ecryptfs file, this is used to interface with
765 	 * the file in the underlying filesystem so that the
766 	 * truncation has an effect there as well. */
767 	memset(&fake_ecryptfs_file, 0, sizeof(fake_ecryptfs_file));
768 	fake_ecryptfs_file.f_path.dentry = dentry;
769 	/* Released at out_free: label */
770 	ecryptfs_set_file_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file,
771 				  kmem_cache_alloc(ecryptfs_file_info_cache,
772 						   GFP_KERNEL));
773 	if (unlikely(!ecryptfs_file_to_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file))) {
774 		rc = -ENOMEM;
775 		goto out;
776 	}
777 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
778 	/* This dget & mntget is released through fput at out_fput: */
779 	lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry);
780 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_open_lower_file(&lower_file, lower_dentry, lower_mnt,
781 					   O_RDWR))) {
782 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
783 				"Error opening dentry; rc = [%i]\n", rc);
784 		goto out_free;
785 	}
786 	ecryptfs_set_file_lower(&fake_ecryptfs_file, lower_file);
787 	/* Switch on growing or shrinking file */
788 	if (new_length > i_size) {
789 		rc = ecryptfs_fill_zeros(&fake_ecryptfs_file, new_length);
790 		if (rc) {
791 			ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
792 					"Problem with fill_zeros\n");
793 			goto out_fput;
794 		}
795 		i_size_write(inode, new_length);
796 		rc = ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(
797 			lower_file, lower_dentry->d_inode, inode, dentry,
798 			ECRYPTFS_LOWER_I_MUTEX_NOT_HELD);
799 		if (rc) {
800 			printk(KERN_ERR	"Problem with "
801 			       "ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata; "
802 			       "rc = [%d]\n", rc);
803 			goto out_fput;
804 		}
805 	} else { /* new_length < i_size_read(inode) */
806 		vmtruncate(inode, new_length);
807 		rc = ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(
808 			lower_file, lower_dentry->d_inode, inode, dentry,
809 			ECRYPTFS_LOWER_I_MUTEX_NOT_HELD);
810 		if (rc) {
811 			printk(KERN_ERR	"Problem with "
812 			       "ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata; "
813 			       "rc = [%d]\n", rc);
814 			goto out_fput;
815 		}
816 		/* We are reducing the size of the ecryptfs file, and need to
817 		 * know if we need to reduce the size of the lower file. */
818 		lower_size_before_truncate =
819 		    upper_size_to_lower_size(crypt_stat, i_size);
820 		lower_size_after_truncate =
821 		    upper_size_to_lower_size(crypt_stat, new_length);
822 		if (lower_size_after_truncate < lower_size_before_truncate)
823 			vmtruncate(lower_dentry->d_inode,
824 				   lower_size_after_truncate);
825 	}
826 	/* Update the access times */
827 	lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mtime = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_ctime
828 		= CURRENT_TIME;
829 	mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
830 out_fput:
831 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_close_lower_file(lower_file)))
832 		printk(KERN_ERR "Error closing lower_file\n");
833 out_free:
834 	if (ecryptfs_file_to_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file))
835 		kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_file_info_cache,
836 				ecryptfs_file_to_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file));
837 out:
838 	return rc;
839 }
840 
841 static int
842 ecryptfs_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask, struct nameidata *nd)
843 {
844 	int rc;
845 
846         if (nd) {
847 		struct vfsmount *vfsmnt_save = nd->mnt;
848 		struct dentry *dentry_save = nd->dentry;
849 
850 		nd->mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(nd->dentry);
851 		nd->dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(nd->dentry);
852 		rc = permission(ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode), mask, nd);
853 		nd->mnt = vfsmnt_save;
854 		nd->dentry = dentry_save;
855         } else
856 		rc = permission(ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode), mask, NULL);
857         return rc;
858 }
859 
860 /**
861  * ecryptfs_setattr
862  * @dentry: dentry handle to the inode to modify
863  * @ia: Structure with flags of what to change and values
864  *
865  * Updates the metadata of an inode. If the update is to the size
866  * i.e. truncation, then ecryptfs_truncate will handle the size modification
867  * of both the ecryptfs inode and the lower inode.
868  *
869  * All other metadata changes will be passed right to the lower filesystem,
870  * and we will just update our inode to look like the lower.
871  */
872 static int ecryptfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia)
873 {
874 	int rc = 0;
875 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
876 	struct inode *inode;
877 	struct inode *lower_inode;
878 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
879 
880 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
881 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
882 	inode = dentry->d_inode;
883 	lower_inode = ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode);
884 	if (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
885 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG,
886 				"ia->ia_valid = [0x%x] ATTR_SIZE" " = [0x%x]\n",
887 				ia->ia_valid, ATTR_SIZE);
888 		rc = ecryptfs_truncate(dentry, ia->ia_size);
889 		/* ecryptfs_truncate handles resizing of the lower file */
890 		ia->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_SIZE;
891 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "ia->ia_valid = [%x]\n",
892 				ia->ia_valid);
893 		if (rc < 0)
894 			goto out;
895 	}
896 	rc = notify_change(lower_dentry, ia);
897 out:
898 	fsstack_copy_attr_all(inode, lower_inode, NULL);
899 	return rc;
900 }
901 
902 int
903 ecryptfs_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name, const void *value,
904 		  size_t size, int flags)
905 {
906 	int rc = 0;
907 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
908 
909 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
910 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->setxattr) {
911 		rc = -ENOSYS;
912 		goto out;
913 	}
914 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
915 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->setxattr(lower_dentry, name, value,
916 						   size, flags);
917 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
918 out:
919 	return rc;
920 }
921 
922 ssize_t
923 ecryptfs_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name, void *value,
924 		  size_t size)
925 {
926 	int rc = 0;
927 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
928 
929 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
930 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->getxattr) {
931 		rc = -ENOSYS;
932 		goto out;
933 	}
934 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
935 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->getxattr(lower_dentry, name, value,
936 						   size);
937 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
938 out:
939 	return rc;
940 }
941 
942 static ssize_t
943 ecryptfs_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size)
944 {
945 	int rc = 0;
946 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
947 
948 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
949 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->listxattr) {
950 		rc = -ENOSYS;
951 		goto out;
952 	}
953 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
954 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->listxattr(lower_dentry, list, size);
955 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
956 out:
957 	return rc;
958 }
959 
960 static int ecryptfs_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
961 {
962 	int rc = 0;
963 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
964 
965 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
966 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->removexattr) {
967 		rc = -ENOSYS;
968 		goto out;
969 	}
970 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
971 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->removexattr(lower_dentry, name);
972 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
973 out:
974 	return rc;
975 }
976 
977 int ecryptfs_inode_test(struct inode *inode, void *candidate_lower_inode)
978 {
979 	if ((ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode)
980 	     == (struct inode *)candidate_lower_inode))
981 		return 1;
982 	else
983 		return 0;
984 }
985 
986 int ecryptfs_inode_set(struct inode *inode, void *lower_inode)
987 {
988 	ecryptfs_init_inode(inode, (struct inode *)lower_inode);
989 	return 0;
990 }
991 
992 const struct inode_operations ecryptfs_symlink_iops = {
993 	.readlink = ecryptfs_readlink,
994 	.follow_link = ecryptfs_follow_link,
995 	.put_link = ecryptfs_put_link,
996 	.permission = ecryptfs_permission,
997 	.setattr = ecryptfs_setattr,
998 	.setxattr = ecryptfs_setxattr,
999 	.getxattr = ecryptfs_getxattr,
1000 	.listxattr = ecryptfs_listxattr,
1001 	.removexattr = ecryptfs_removexattr
1002 };
1003 
1004 const struct inode_operations ecryptfs_dir_iops = {
1005 	.create = ecryptfs_create,
1006 	.lookup = ecryptfs_lookup,
1007 	.link = ecryptfs_link,
1008 	.unlink = ecryptfs_unlink,
1009 	.symlink = ecryptfs_symlink,
1010 	.mkdir = ecryptfs_mkdir,
1011 	.rmdir = ecryptfs_rmdir,
1012 	.mknod = ecryptfs_mknod,
1013 	.rename = ecryptfs_rename,
1014 	.permission = ecryptfs_permission,
1015 	.setattr = ecryptfs_setattr,
1016 	.setxattr = ecryptfs_setxattr,
1017 	.getxattr = ecryptfs_getxattr,
1018 	.listxattr = ecryptfs_listxattr,
1019 	.removexattr = ecryptfs_removexattr
1020 };
1021 
1022 const struct inode_operations ecryptfs_main_iops = {
1023 	.permission = ecryptfs_permission,
1024 	.setattr = ecryptfs_setattr,
1025 	.setxattr = ecryptfs_setxattr,
1026 	.getxattr = ecryptfs_getxattr,
1027 	.listxattr = ecryptfs_listxattr,
1028 	.removexattr = ecryptfs_removexattr
1029 };
1030