xref: /linux/fs/ecryptfs/inode.c (revision 2b8232ce512105e28453f301d1510de8363bccd1)
1 /**
2  * eCryptfs: Linux filesystem encryption layer
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1997-2004 Erez Zadok
5  * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Stony Brook University
6  * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 International Business Machines Corp.
7  *   Author(s): Michael A. Halcrow <mahalcro@us.ibm.com>
8  *              Michael C. Thompsion <mcthomps@us.ibm.com>
9  *
10  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
11  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
12  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
13  * License, or (at your option) any later version.
14  *
15  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
16  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
18  * General Public License for more details.
19  *
20  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
22  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
23  * 02111-1307, USA.
24  */
25 
26 #include <linux/file.h>
27 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
28 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
29 #include <linux/dcache.h>
30 #include <linux/namei.h>
31 #include <linux/mount.h>
32 #include <linux/crypto.h>
33 #include <linux/fs_stack.h>
34 #include "ecryptfs_kernel.h"
35 
36 static struct dentry *lock_parent(struct dentry *dentry)
37 {
38 	struct dentry *dir;
39 
40 	dir = dget(dentry->d_parent);
41 	mutex_lock_nested(&(dir->d_inode->i_mutex), I_MUTEX_PARENT);
42 	return dir;
43 }
44 
45 static void unlock_parent(struct dentry *dentry)
46 {
47 	mutex_unlock(&(dentry->d_parent->d_inode->i_mutex));
48 	dput(dentry->d_parent);
49 }
50 
51 static void unlock_dir(struct dentry *dir)
52 {
53 	mutex_unlock(&dir->d_inode->i_mutex);
54 	dput(dir);
55 }
56 
57 /**
58  * ecryptfs_create_underlying_file
59  * @lower_dir_inode: inode of the parent in the lower fs of the new file
60  * @lower_dentry: New file's dentry in the lower fs
61  * @ecryptfs_dentry: New file's dentry in ecryptfs
62  * @mode: The mode of the new file
63  * @nd: nameidata of ecryptfs' parent's dentry & vfsmount
64  *
65  * Creates the file in the lower file system.
66  *
67  * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error condition
68  */
69 static int
70 ecryptfs_create_underlying_file(struct inode *lower_dir_inode,
71 				struct dentry *dentry, int mode,
72 				struct nameidata *nd)
73 {
74 	struct dentry *lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
75 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry);
76 	struct dentry *dentry_save;
77 	struct vfsmount *vfsmount_save;
78 	int rc;
79 
80 	dentry_save = nd->dentry;
81 	vfsmount_save = nd->mnt;
82 	nd->dentry = lower_dentry;
83 	nd->mnt = lower_mnt;
84 	rc = vfs_create(lower_dir_inode, lower_dentry, mode, nd);
85 	nd->dentry = dentry_save;
86 	nd->mnt = vfsmount_save;
87 	return rc;
88 }
89 
90 /**
91  * ecryptfs_do_create
92  * @directory_inode: inode of the new file's dentry's parent in ecryptfs
93  * @ecryptfs_dentry: New file's dentry in ecryptfs
94  * @mode: The mode of the new file
95  * @nd: nameidata of ecryptfs' parent's dentry & vfsmount
96  *
97  * Creates the underlying file and the eCryptfs inode which will link to
98  * it. It will also update the eCryptfs directory inode to mimic the
99  * stat of the lower directory inode.
100  *
101  * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error condition
102  */
103 static int
104 ecryptfs_do_create(struct inode *directory_inode,
105 		   struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry, int mode,
106 		   struct nameidata *nd)
107 {
108 	int rc;
109 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
110 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
111 
112 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(ecryptfs_dentry);
113 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
114 	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(lower_dir_dentry))) {
115 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Error locking directory of "
116 				"dentry\n");
117 		rc = PTR_ERR(lower_dir_dentry);
118 		goto out;
119 	}
120 	rc = ecryptfs_create_underlying_file(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode,
121 					     ecryptfs_dentry, mode, nd);
122 	if (unlikely(rc)) {
123 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
124 				"Failure to create underlying file\n");
125 		goto out_lock;
126 	}
127 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, ecryptfs_dentry,
128 				directory_inode->i_sb, 0);
129 	if (rc) {
130 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Failure in ecryptfs_interpose\n");
131 		goto out_lock;
132 	}
133 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(directory_inode, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
134 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(directory_inode, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
135 out_lock:
136 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
137 out:
138 	return rc;
139 }
140 
141 /**
142  * grow_file
143  * @ecryptfs_dentry: the ecryptfs dentry
144  * @lower_file: The lower file
145  * @inode: The ecryptfs inode
146  * @lower_inode: The lower inode
147  *
148  * This is the code which will grow the file to its correct size.
149  */
150 static int grow_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry, struct file *lower_file,
151 		     struct inode *inode, struct inode *lower_inode)
152 {
153 	int rc = 0;
154 	struct file fake_file;
155 	struct ecryptfs_file_info tmp_file_info;
156 
157 	memset(&fake_file, 0, sizeof(fake_file));
158 	fake_file.f_path.dentry = ecryptfs_dentry;
159 	memset(&tmp_file_info, 0, sizeof(tmp_file_info));
160 	ecryptfs_set_file_private(&fake_file, &tmp_file_info);
161 	ecryptfs_set_file_lower(&fake_file, lower_file);
162 	rc = ecryptfs_fill_zeros(&fake_file, 1);
163 	if (rc) {
164 		ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->crypt_stat.flags |=
165 			ECRYPTFS_SECURITY_WARNING;
166 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_WARNING, "Error attempting to fill zeros "
167 				"in file; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
168 		goto out;
169 	}
170 	i_size_write(inode, 0);
171 	rc = ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(lower_file, lower_inode,
172 			inode, ecryptfs_dentry,
173 			ECRYPTFS_LOWER_I_MUTEX_NOT_HELD);
174 	ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->crypt_stat.flags |= ECRYPTFS_NEW_FILE;
175 out:
176 	return rc;
177 }
178 
179 /**
180  * ecryptfs_initialize_file
181  *
182  * Cause the file to be changed from a basic empty file to an ecryptfs
183  * file with a header and first data page.
184  *
185  * Returns zero on success
186  */
187 static int ecryptfs_initialize_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry)
188 {
189 	int rc = 0;
190 	int lower_flags;
191 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
192 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
193 	struct file *lower_file;
194 	struct inode *inode, *lower_inode;
195 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
196 
197 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(ecryptfs_dentry);
198 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "lower_dentry->d_name.name = [%s]\n",
199 			lower_dentry->d_name.name);
200 	inode = ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode;
201 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->crypt_stat;
202 	lower_flags = ((O_CREAT | O_TRUNC) & O_ACCMODE) | O_RDWR;
203 	lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(ecryptfs_dentry);
204 	/* Corresponding fput() at end of this function */
205 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_open_lower_file(&lower_file, lower_dentry, lower_mnt,
206 					   lower_flags))) {
207 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
208 				"Error opening dentry; rc = [%i]\n", rc);
209 		goto out;
210 	}
211 	lower_inode = lower_dentry->d_inode;
212 	if (S_ISDIR(ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode->i_mode)) {
213 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "This is a directory\n");
214 		crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
215 		goto out_fput;
216 	}
217 	crypt_stat->flags |= ECRYPTFS_NEW_FILE;
218 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Initializing crypto context\n");
219 	rc = ecryptfs_new_file_context(ecryptfs_dentry);
220 	if (rc) {
221 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Error creating new file "
222 				"context\n");
223 		goto out_fput;
224 	}
225 	rc = ecryptfs_write_metadata(ecryptfs_dentry, lower_file);
226 	if (rc) {
227 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Error writing headers\n");
228 		goto out_fput;
229 	}
230 	rc = grow_file(ecryptfs_dentry, lower_file, inode, lower_inode);
231 out_fput:
232 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_close_lower_file(lower_file)))
233 		printk(KERN_ERR "Error closing lower_file\n");
234 out:
235 	return rc;
236 }
237 
238 /**
239  * ecryptfs_create
240  * @dir: The inode of the directory in which to create the file.
241  * @dentry: The eCryptfs dentry
242  * @mode: The mode of the new file.
243  * @nd: nameidata
244  *
245  * Creates a new file.
246  *
247  * Returns zero on success; non-zero on error condition
248  */
249 static int
250 ecryptfs_create(struct inode *directory_inode, struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry,
251 		int mode, struct nameidata *nd)
252 {
253 	int rc;
254 
255 	rc = ecryptfs_do_create(directory_inode, ecryptfs_dentry, mode, nd);
256 	if (unlikely(rc)) {
257 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_WARNING, "Failed to create file in"
258 				"lower filesystem\n");
259 		goto out;
260 	}
261 	/* At this point, a file exists on "disk"; we need to make sure
262 	 * that this on disk file is prepared to be an ecryptfs file */
263 	rc = ecryptfs_initialize_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
264 out:
265 	return rc;
266 }
267 
268 /**
269  * ecryptfs_lookup
270  * @dir: inode
271  * @dentry: The dentry
272  * @nd: nameidata, may be NULL
273  *
274  * Find a file on disk. If the file does not exist, then we'll add it to the
275  * dentry cache and continue on to read it from the disk.
276  */
277 static struct dentry *ecryptfs_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
278 				      struct nameidata *nd)
279 {
280 	int rc = 0;
281 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
282 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
283 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
284 	char *encoded_name;
285 	int encoded_namelen;
286 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat = NULL;
287 	struct ecryptfs_mount_crypt_stat *mount_crypt_stat;
288 	char *page_virt = NULL;
289 	struct inode *lower_inode;
290 	u64 file_size;
291 
292 	lower_dir_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry->d_parent);
293 	dentry->d_op = &ecryptfs_dops;
294 	if ((dentry->d_name.len == 1 && !strcmp(dentry->d_name.name, "."))
295 	    || (dentry->d_name.len == 2
296 		&& !strcmp(dentry->d_name.name, ".."))) {
297 		d_drop(dentry);
298 		goto out;
299 	}
300 	encoded_namelen = ecryptfs_encode_filename(crypt_stat,
301 						   dentry->d_name.name,
302 						   dentry->d_name.len,
303 						   &encoded_name);
304 	if (encoded_namelen < 0) {
305 		rc = encoded_namelen;
306 		d_drop(dentry);
307 		goto out;
308 	}
309 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "encoded_name = [%s]; encoded_namelen "
310 			"= [%d]\n", encoded_name, encoded_namelen);
311 	lower_dentry = lookup_one_len(encoded_name, lower_dir_dentry,
312 				      encoded_namelen - 1);
313 	kfree(encoded_name);
314 	if (IS_ERR(lower_dentry)) {
315 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "ERR from lower_dentry\n");
316 		rc = PTR_ERR(lower_dentry);
317 		d_drop(dentry);
318 		goto out;
319 	}
320 	lower_mnt = mntget(ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry->d_parent));
321 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "lower_dentry = [%p]; lower_dentry->"
322        		"d_name.name = [%s]\n", lower_dentry,
323 		lower_dentry->d_name.name);
324 	lower_inode = lower_dentry->d_inode;
325 	fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
326 	BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&lower_dentry->d_count));
327 	ecryptfs_set_dentry_private(dentry,
328 				    kmem_cache_alloc(ecryptfs_dentry_info_cache,
329 						     GFP_KERNEL));
330 	if (!ecryptfs_dentry_to_private(dentry)) {
331 		rc = -ENOMEM;
332 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Out of memory whilst attempting "
333 				"to allocate ecryptfs_dentry_info struct\n");
334 		goto out_dput;
335 	}
336 	ecryptfs_set_dentry_lower(dentry, lower_dentry);
337 	ecryptfs_set_dentry_lower_mnt(dentry, lower_mnt);
338 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode) {
339 		/* We want to add because we couldn't find in lower */
340 		d_add(dentry, NULL);
341 		goto out;
342 	}
343 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 1);
344 	if (rc) {
345 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Error interposing\n");
346 		goto out_dput;
347 	}
348 	if (S_ISDIR(lower_inode->i_mode)) {
349 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Is a directory; returning\n");
350 		goto out;
351 	}
352 	if (S_ISLNK(lower_inode->i_mode)) {
353 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Is a symlink; returning\n");
354 		goto out;
355 	}
356 	if (special_file(lower_inode->i_mode)) {
357 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Is a special file; returning\n");
358 		goto out;
359 	}
360 	if (!nd) {
361 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "We have a NULL nd, just leave"
362 				"as we *think* we are about to unlink\n");
363 		goto out;
364 	}
365 	/* Released in this function */
366 	page_virt = kmem_cache_zalloc(ecryptfs_header_cache_2,
367 				      GFP_USER);
368 	if (!page_virt) {
369 		rc = -ENOMEM;
370 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
371 				"Cannot ecryptfs_kmalloc a page\n");
372 		goto out_dput;
373 	}
374 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
375 	if (!(crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_POLICY_APPLIED))
376 		ecryptfs_set_default_sizes(crypt_stat);
377 	rc = ecryptfs_read_and_validate_header_region(page_virt, lower_dentry,
378 						      nd->mnt);
379 	if (rc) {
380 		rc = ecryptfs_read_and_validate_xattr_region(page_virt, dentry);
381 		if (rc) {
382 			printk(KERN_DEBUG "Valid metadata not found in header "
383 			       "region or xattr region; treating file as "
384 			       "unencrypted\n");
385 			rc = 0;
386 			kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_header_cache_2, page_virt);
387 			goto out;
388 		}
389 		crypt_stat->flags |= ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR;
390 	}
391 	mount_crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_superblock_to_private(
392 		dentry->d_sb)->mount_crypt_stat;
393 	if (mount_crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED_VIEW_ENABLED) {
394 		if (crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR)
395 			file_size = (crypt_stat->header_extent_size
396 				     + i_size_read(lower_dentry->d_inode));
397 		else
398 			file_size = i_size_read(lower_dentry->d_inode);
399 	} else {
400 		memcpy(&file_size, page_virt, sizeof(file_size));
401 		file_size = be64_to_cpu(file_size);
402 	}
403 	i_size_write(dentry->d_inode, (loff_t)file_size);
404 	kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_header_cache_2, page_virt);
405 	goto out;
406 
407 out_dput:
408 	dput(lower_dentry);
409 	d_drop(dentry);
410 out:
411 	return ERR_PTR(rc);
412 }
413 
414 static int ecryptfs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
415 			 struct dentry *new_dentry)
416 {
417 	struct dentry *lower_old_dentry;
418 	struct dentry *lower_new_dentry;
419 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
420 	u64 file_size_save;
421 	int rc;
422 
423 	file_size_save = i_size_read(old_dentry->d_inode);
424 	lower_old_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(old_dentry);
425 	lower_new_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(new_dentry);
426 	dget(lower_old_dentry);
427 	dget(lower_new_dentry);
428 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_new_dentry);
429 	rc = vfs_link(lower_old_dentry, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode,
430 		      lower_new_dentry);
431 	if (rc || !lower_new_dentry->d_inode)
432 		goto out_lock;
433 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_new_dentry, new_dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
434 	if (rc)
435 		goto out_lock;
436 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_new_dentry->d_inode);
437 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_new_dentry->d_inode);
438 	old_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink =
439 		ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(old_dentry->d_inode)->i_nlink;
440 	i_size_write(new_dentry->d_inode, file_size_save);
441 out_lock:
442 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
443 	dput(lower_new_dentry);
444 	dput(lower_old_dentry);
445 	d_drop(lower_old_dentry);
446 	d_drop(new_dentry);
447 	d_drop(old_dentry);
448 	return rc;
449 }
450 
451 static int ecryptfs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
452 {
453 	int rc = 0;
454 	struct dentry *lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
455 	struct inode *lower_dir_inode = ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(dir);
456 
457 	lock_parent(lower_dentry);
458 	rc = vfs_unlink(lower_dir_inode, lower_dentry);
459 	if (rc) {
460 		printk(KERN_ERR "Error in vfs_unlink; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
461 		goto out_unlock;
462 	}
463 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_inode);
464 	dentry->d_inode->i_nlink =
465 		ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(dentry->d_inode)->i_nlink;
466 	dentry->d_inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime;
467 out_unlock:
468 	unlock_parent(lower_dentry);
469 	return rc;
470 }
471 
472 static int ecryptfs_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
473 			    const char *symname)
474 {
475 	int rc;
476 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
477 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
478 	umode_t mode;
479 	char *encoded_symname;
480 	int encoded_symlen;
481 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat = NULL;
482 
483 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
484 	dget(lower_dentry);
485 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
486 	mode = S_IALLUGO;
487 	encoded_symlen = ecryptfs_encode_filename(crypt_stat, symname,
488 						  strlen(symname),
489 						  &encoded_symname);
490 	if (encoded_symlen < 0) {
491 		rc = encoded_symlen;
492 		goto out_lock;
493 	}
494 	rc = vfs_symlink(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry,
495 			 encoded_symname, mode);
496 	kfree(encoded_symname);
497 	if (rc || !lower_dentry->d_inode)
498 		goto out_lock;
499 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
500 	if (rc)
501 		goto out_lock;
502 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
503 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
504 out_lock:
505 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
506 	dput(lower_dentry);
507 	if (!dentry->d_inode)
508 		d_drop(dentry);
509 	return rc;
510 }
511 
512 static int ecryptfs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)
513 {
514 	int rc;
515 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
516 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
517 
518 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
519 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
520 	rc = vfs_mkdir(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry, mode);
521 	if (rc || !lower_dentry->d_inode)
522 		goto out;
523 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
524 	if (rc)
525 		goto out;
526 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
527 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
528 	dir->i_nlink = lower_dir_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink;
529 out:
530 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
531 	if (!dentry->d_inode)
532 		d_drop(dentry);
533 	return rc;
534 }
535 
536 static int ecryptfs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
537 {
538 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
539 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
540 	int rc;
541 
542 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
543 	dget(dentry);
544 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
545 	dget(lower_dentry);
546 	rc = vfs_rmdir(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry);
547 	dput(lower_dentry);
548 	if (!rc)
549 		d_delete(lower_dentry);
550 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
551 	dir->i_nlink = lower_dir_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink;
552 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
553 	if (!rc)
554 		d_drop(dentry);
555 	dput(dentry);
556 	return rc;
557 }
558 
559 static int
560 ecryptfs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev)
561 {
562 	int rc;
563 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
564 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
565 
566 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
567 	lower_dir_dentry = lock_parent(lower_dentry);
568 	rc = vfs_mknod(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry, mode, dev);
569 	if (rc || !lower_dentry->d_inode)
570 		goto out;
571 	rc = ecryptfs_interpose(lower_dentry, dentry, dir->i_sb, 0);
572 	if (rc)
573 		goto out;
574 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
575 	fsstack_copy_inode_size(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
576 out:
577 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
578 	if (!dentry->d_inode)
579 		d_drop(dentry);
580 	return rc;
581 }
582 
583 static int
584 ecryptfs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
585 		struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry)
586 {
587 	int rc;
588 	struct dentry *lower_old_dentry;
589 	struct dentry *lower_new_dentry;
590 	struct dentry *lower_old_dir_dentry;
591 	struct dentry *lower_new_dir_dentry;
592 
593 	lower_old_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(old_dentry);
594 	lower_new_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(new_dentry);
595 	dget(lower_old_dentry);
596 	dget(lower_new_dentry);
597 	lower_old_dir_dentry = dget_parent(lower_old_dentry);
598 	lower_new_dir_dentry = dget_parent(lower_new_dentry);
599 	lock_rename(lower_old_dir_dentry, lower_new_dir_dentry);
600 	rc = vfs_rename(lower_old_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_old_dentry,
601 			lower_new_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_new_dentry);
602 	if (rc)
603 		goto out_lock;
604 	fsstack_copy_attr_all(new_dir, lower_new_dir_dentry->d_inode, NULL);
605 	if (new_dir != old_dir)
606 		fsstack_copy_attr_all(old_dir, lower_old_dir_dentry->d_inode, NULL);
607 out_lock:
608 	unlock_rename(lower_old_dir_dentry, lower_new_dir_dentry);
609 	dput(lower_new_dentry->d_parent);
610 	dput(lower_old_dentry->d_parent);
611 	dput(lower_new_dentry);
612 	dput(lower_old_dentry);
613 	return rc;
614 }
615 
616 static int
617 ecryptfs_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, char __user * buf, int bufsiz)
618 {
619 	int rc;
620 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
621 	char *decoded_name;
622 	char *lower_buf;
623 	mm_segment_t old_fs;
624 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
625 
626 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
627 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op ||
628 	    !lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink) {
629 		rc = -EINVAL;
630 		goto out;
631 	}
632 	/* Released in this function */
633 	lower_buf = kmalloc(bufsiz, GFP_KERNEL);
634 	if (lower_buf == NULL) {
635 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "Out of memory\n");
636 		rc = -ENOMEM;
637 		goto out;
638 	}
639 	old_fs = get_fs();
640 	set_fs(get_ds());
641 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Calling readlink w/ "
642 			"lower_dentry->d_name.name = [%s]\n",
643 			lower_dentry->d_name.name);
644 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink(lower_dentry,
645 						   (char __user *)lower_buf,
646 						   bufsiz);
647 	set_fs(old_fs);
648 	if (rc >= 0) {
649 		crypt_stat = NULL;
650 		rc = ecryptfs_decode_filename(crypt_stat, lower_buf, rc,
651 					      &decoded_name);
652 		if (rc == -ENOMEM)
653 			goto out_free_lower_buf;
654 		if (rc > 0) {
655 			ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Copying [%d] bytes "
656 					"to userspace: [%*s]\n", rc,
657 					decoded_name);
658 			if (copy_to_user(buf, decoded_name, rc))
659 				rc = -EFAULT;
660 		}
661 		kfree(decoded_name);
662 		fsstack_copy_attr_atime(dentry->d_inode,
663 					lower_dentry->d_inode);
664 	}
665 out_free_lower_buf:
666 	kfree(lower_buf);
667 out:
668 	return rc;
669 }
670 
671 static void *ecryptfs_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
672 {
673 	char *buf;
674 	int len = PAGE_SIZE, rc;
675 	mm_segment_t old_fs;
676 
677 	/* Released in ecryptfs_put_link(); only release here on error */
678 	buf = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
679 	if (!buf) {
680 		rc = -ENOMEM;
681 		goto out;
682 	}
683 	old_fs = get_fs();
684 	set_fs(get_ds());
685 	ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "Calling readlink w/ "
686 			"dentry->d_name.name = [%s]\n", dentry->d_name.name);
687 	rc = dentry->d_inode->i_op->readlink(dentry, (char __user *)buf, len);
688 	buf[rc] = '\0';
689 	set_fs(old_fs);
690 	if (rc < 0)
691 		goto out_free;
692 	rc = 0;
693 	nd_set_link(nd, buf);
694 	goto out;
695 out_free:
696 	kfree(buf);
697 out:
698 	return ERR_PTR(rc);
699 }
700 
701 static void
702 ecryptfs_put_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd, void *ptr)
703 {
704 	/* Free the char* */
705 	kfree(nd_get_link(nd));
706 }
707 
708 /**
709  * upper_size_to_lower_size
710  * @crypt_stat: Crypt_stat associated with file
711  * @upper_size: Size of the upper file
712  *
713  * Calculate the requried size of the lower file based on the
714  * specified size of the upper file. This calculation is based on the
715  * number of headers in the underlying file and the extent size.
716  *
717  * Returns Calculated size of the lower file.
718  */
719 static loff_t
720 upper_size_to_lower_size(struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat,
721 			 loff_t upper_size)
722 {
723 	loff_t lower_size;
724 
725 	lower_size = ( crypt_stat->header_extent_size
726 		       * crypt_stat->num_header_extents_at_front );
727 	if (upper_size != 0) {
728 		loff_t num_extents;
729 
730 		num_extents = upper_size >> crypt_stat->extent_shift;
731 		if (upper_size & ~crypt_stat->extent_mask)
732 			num_extents++;
733 		lower_size += (num_extents * crypt_stat->extent_size);
734 	}
735 	return lower_size;
736 }
737 
738 /**
739  * ecryptfs_truncate
740  * @dentry: The ecryptfs layer dentry
741  * @new_length: The length to expand the file to
742  *
743  * Function to handle truncations modifying the size of the file. Note
744  * that the file sizes are interpolated. When expanding, we are simply
745  * writing strings of 0's out. When truncating, we need to modify the
746  * underlying file size according to the page index interpolations.
747  *
748  * Returns zero on success; non-zero otherwise
749  */
750 int ecryptfs_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t new_length)
751 {
752 	int rc = 0;
753 	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
754 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
755 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
756 	struct file fake_ecryptfs_file, *lower_file = NULL;
757 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
758 	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
759 	loff_t lower_size_before_truncate;
760 	loff_t lower_size_after_truncate;
761 
762 	if (unlikely((new_length == i_size)))
763 		goto out;
764 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
765 	/* Set up a fake ecryptfs file, this is used to interface with
766 	 * the file in the underlying filesystem so that the
767 	 * truncation has an effect there as well. */
768 	memset(&fake_ecryptfs_file, 0, sizeof(fake_ecryptfs_file));
769 	fake_ecryptfs_file.f_path.dentry = dentry;
770 	/* Released at out_free: label */
771 	ecryptfs_set_file_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file,
772 				  kmem_cache_alloc(ecryptfs_file_info_cache,
773 						   GFP_KERNEL));
774 	if (unlikely(!ecryptfs_file_to_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file))) {
775 		rc = -ENOMEM;
776 		goto out;
777 	}
778 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
779 	/* This dget & mntget is released through fput at out_fput: */
780 	lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry);
781 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_open_lower_file(&lower_file, lower_dentry, lower_mnt,
782 					   O_RDWR))) {
783 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
784 				"Error opening dentry; rc = [%i]\n", rc);
785 		goto out_free;
786 	}
787 	ecryptfs_set_file_lower(&fake_ecryptfs_file, lower_file);
788 	/* Switch on growing or shrinking file */
789 	if (new_length > i_size) {
790 		rc = ecryptfs_fill_zeros(&fake_ecryptfs_file, new_length);
791 		if (rc) {
792 			ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR,
793 					"Problem with fill_zeros\n");
794 			goto out_fput;
795 		}
796 		i_size_write(inode, new_length);
797 		rc = ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(
798 			lower_file, lower_dentry->d_inode, inode, dentry,
799 			ECRYPTFS_LOWER_I_MUTEX_NOT_HELD);
800 		if (rc) {
801 			printk(KERN_ERR	"Problem with "
802 			       "ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata; "
803 			       "rc = [%d]\n", rc);
804 			goto out_fput;
805 		}
806 	} else { /* new_length < i_size_read(inode) */
807 		pgoff_t index = 0;
808 		int end_pos_in_page = -1;
809 
810 		if (new_length != 0) {
811 			index = ((new_length - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT);
812 			end_pos_in_page = ((new_length - 1) & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK);
813 		}
814 		if (end_pos_in_page != (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1)) {
815 			if ((rc = ecryptfs_write_zeros(&fake_ecryptfs_file,
816 						       index,
817 						       (end_pos_in_page + 1),
818 						       ((PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1)
819 							- end_pos_in_page)))) {
820 				printk(KERN_ERR "Error attempting to zero out "
821 				       "the remainder of the end page on "
822 				       "reducing truncate; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
823 				goto out_fput;
824 			}
825 		}
826 		vmtruncate(inode, new_length);
827 		rc = ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata(
828 			lower_file, lower_dentry->d_inode, inode, dentry,
829 			ECRYPTFS_LOWER_I_MUTEX_NOT_HELD);
830 		if (rc) {
831 			printk(KERN_ERR	"Problem with "
832 			       "ecryptfs_write_inode_size_to_metadata; "
833 			       "rc = [%d]\n", rc);
834 			goto out_fput;
835 		}
836 		/* We are reducing the size of the ecryptfs file, and need to
837 		 * know if we need to reduce the size of the lower file. */
838 		lower_size_before_truncate =
839 		    upper_size_to_lower_size(crypt_stat, i_size);
840 		lower_size_after_truncate =
841 		    upper_size_to_lower_size(crypt_stat, new_length);
842 		if (lower_size_after_truncate < lower_size_before_truncate)
843 			vmtruncate(lower_dentry->d_inode,
844 				   lower_size_after_truncate);
845 	}
846 	/* Update the access times */
847 	lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mtime = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_ctime
848 		= CURRENT_TIME;
849 	mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
850 out_fput:
851 	if ((rc = ecryptfs_close_lower_file(lower_file)))
852 		printk(KERN_ERR "Error closing lower_file\n");
853 out_free:
854 	if (ecryptfs_file_to_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file))
855 		kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_file_info_cache,
856 				ecryptfs_file_to_private(&fake_ecryptfs_file));
857 out:
858 	return rc;
859 }
860 
861 static int
862 ecryptfs_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask, struct nameidata *nd)
863 {
864 	int rc;
865 
866         if (nd) {
867 		struct vfsmount *vfsmnt_save = nd->mnt;
868 		struct dentry *dentry_save = nd->dentry;
869 
870 		nd->mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(nd->dentry);
871 		nd->dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(nd->dentry);
872 		rc = permission(ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode), mask, nd);
873 		nd->mnt = vfsmnt_save;
874 		nd->dentry = dentry_save;
875         } else
876 		rc = permission(ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode), mask, NULL);
877         return rc;
878 }
879 
880 /**
881  * ecryptfs_setattr
882  * @dentry: dentry handle to the inode to modify
883  * @ia: Structure with flags of what to change and values
884  *
885  * Updates the metadata of an inode. If the update is to the size
886  * i.e. truncation, then ecryptfs_truncate will handle the size modification
887  * of both the ecryptfs inode and the lower inode.
888  *
889  * All other metadata changes will be passed right to the lower filesystem,
890  * and we will just update our inode to look like the lower.
891  */
892 static int ecryptfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia)
893 {
894 	int rc = 0;
895 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
896 	struct inode *inode;
897 	struct inode *lower_inode;
898 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
899 
900 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
901 	if (!(crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_STRUCT_INITIALIZED))
902 		ecryptfs_init_crypt_stat(crypt_stat);
903 	inode = dentry->d_inode;
904 	lower_inode = ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode);
905 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
906 	mutex_lock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
907 	if (S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
908 		crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
909 	else if (S_ISREG(dentry->d_inode->i_mode)
910 		 && (!(crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_POLICY_APPLIED)
911 		     || !(crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_KEY_VALID))) {
912 		struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
913 		struct file *lower_file = NULL;
914 		struct ecryptfs_mount_crypt_stat *mount_crypt_stat;
915 		int lower_flags;
916 
917 		lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry);
918 		lower_flags = O_RDONLY;
919 		if ((rc = ecryptfs_open_lower_file(&lower_file, lower_dentry,
920 						   lower_mnt, lower_flags))) {
921 			printk(KERN_ERR
922 			       "Error opening lower file; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
923 			mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
924 			goto out;
925 		}
926 		mount_crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_superblock_to_private(
927 			dentry->d_sb)->mount_crypt_stat;
928 		if ((rc = ecryptfs_read_metadata(dentry, lower_file))) {
929 			if (!(mount_crypt_stat->flags
930 			      & ECRYPTFS_PLAINTEXT_PASSTHROUGH_ENABLED)) {
931 				rc = -EIO;
932 				printk(KERN_WARNING "Attempt to read file that "
933 				       "is not in a valid eCryptfs format, "
934 				       "and plaintext passthrough mode is not "
935 				       "enabled; returning -EIO\n");
936 
937 				mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
938 				fput(lower_file);
939 				goto out;
940 			}
941 			rc = 0;
942 			crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
943 			mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
944 			fput(lower_file);
945 			goto out;
946 		}
947 		fput(lower_file);
948 	}
949 	mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
950 	if (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
951 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG,
952 				"ia->ia_valid = [0x%x] ATTR_SIZE" " = [0x%x]\n",
953 				ia->ia_valid, ATTR_SIZE);
954 		rc = ecryptfs_truncate(dentry, ia->ia_size);
955 		/* ecryptfs_truncate handles resizing of the lower file */
956 		ia->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_SIZE;
957 		ecryptfs_printk(KERN_DEBUG, "ia->ia_valid = [%x]\n",
958 				ia->ia_valid);
959 		if (rc < 0)
960 			goto out;
961 	}
962 	rc = notify_change(lower_dentry, ia);
963 out:
964 	fsstack_copy_attr_all(inode, lower_inode, NULL);
965 	return rc;
966 }
967 
968 int
969 ecryptfs_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name, const void *value,
970 		  size_t size, int flags)
971 {
972 	int rc = 0;
973 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
974 
975 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
976 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->setxattr) {
977 		rc = -ENOSYS;
978 		goto out;
979 	}
980 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
981 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->setxattr(lower_dentry, name, value,
982 						   size, flags);
983 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
984 out:
985 	return rc;
986 }
987 
988 ssize_t
989 ecryptfs_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name, void *value,
990 		  size_t size)
991 {
992 	int rc = 0;
993 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
994 
995 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
996 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->getxattr) {
997 		rc = -ENOSYS;
998 		goto out;
999 	}
1000 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
1001 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->getxattr(lower_dentry, name, value,
1002 						   size);
1003 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
1004 out:
1005 	return rc;
1006 }
1007 
1008 static ssize_t
1009 ecryptfs_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size)
1010 {
1011 	int rc = 0;
1012 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
1013 
1014 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
1015 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->listxattr) {
1016 		rc = -ENOSYS;
1017 		goto out;
1018 	}
1019 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
1020 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->listxattr(lower_dentry, list, size);
1021 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
1022 out:
1023 	return rc;
1024 }
1025 
1026 static int ecryptfs_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
1027 {
1028 	int rc = 0;
1029 	struct dentry *lower_dentry;
1030 
1031 	lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
1032 	if (!lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->removexattr) {
1033 		rc = -ENOSYS;
1034 		goto out;
1035 	}
1036 	mutex_lock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
1037 	rc = lower_dentry->d_inode->i_op->removexattr(lower_dentry, name);
1038 	mutex_unlock(&lower_dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
1039 out:
1040 	return rc;
1041 }
1042 
1043 int ecryptfs_inode_test(struct inode *inode, void *candidate_lower_inode)
1044 {
1045 	if ((ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode)
1046 	     == (struct inode *)candidate_lower_inode))
1047 		return 1;
1048 	else
1049 		return 0;
1050 }
1051 
1052 int ecryptfs_inode_set(struct inode *inode, void *lower_inode)
1053 {
1054 	ecryptfs_init_inode(inode, (struct inode *)lower_inode);
1055 	return 0;
1056 }
1057 
1058 const struct inode_operations ecryptfs_symlink_iops = {
1059 	.readlink = ecryptfs_readlink,
1060 	.follow_link = ecryptfs_follow_link,
1061 	.put_link = ecryptfs_put_link,
1062 	.permission = ecryptfs_permission,
1063 	.setattr = ecryptfs_setattr,
1064 	.setxattr = ecryptfs_setxattr,
1065 	.getxattr = ecryptfs_getxattr,
1066 	.listxattr = ecryptfs_listxattr,
1067 	.removexattr = ecryptfs_removexattr
1068 };
1069 
1070 const struct inode_operations ecryptfs_dir_iops = {
1071 	.create = ecryptfs_create,
1072 	.lookup = ecryptfs_lookup,
1073 	.link = ecryptfs_link,
1074 	.unlink = ecryptfs_unlink,
1075 	.symlink = ecryptfs_symlink,
1076 	.mkdir = ecryptfs_mkdir,
1077 	.rmdir = ecryptfs_rmdir,
1078 	.mknod = ecryptfs_mknod,
1079 	.rename = ecryptfs_rename,
1080 	.permission = ecryptfs_permission,
1081 	.setattr = ecryptfs_setattr,
1082 	.setxattr = ecryptfs_setxattr,
1083 	.getxattr = ecryptfs_getxattr,
1084 	.listxattr = ecryptfs_listxattr,
1085 	.removexattr = ecryptfs_removexattr
1086 };
1087 
1088 const struct inode_operations ecryptfs_main_iops = {
1089 	.permission = ecryptfs_permission,
1090 	.setattr = ecryptfs_setattr,
1091 	.setxattr = ecryptfs_setxattr,
1092 	.getxattr = ecryptfs_getxattr,
1093 	.listxattr = ecryptfs_listxattr,
1094 	.removexattr = ecryptfs_removexattr
1095 };
1096