xref: /linux/fs/binfmt_misc.c (revision 9e9f60108423f18a99c9cc93ef7f23490ecc709b)
1 /*
2  * binfmt_misc.c
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1997 Richard Günther
5  *
6  * binfmt_misc detects binaries via a magic or filename extension and invokes
7  * a specified wrapper. See Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt for more details.
8  */
9 
10 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
11 
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/sched.h>
15 #include <linux/magic.h>
16 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
17 #include <linux/slab.h>
18 #include <linux/ctype.h>
19 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
20 #include <linux/file.h>
21 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
22 #include <linux/namei.h>
23 #include <linux/mount.h>
24 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
25 #include <linux/fs.h>
26 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
27 
28 #ifdef DEBUG
29 # define USE_DEBUG 1
30 #else
31 # define USE_DEBUG 0
32 #endif
33 
34 enum {
35 	VERBOSE_STATUS = 1 /* make it zero to save 400 bytes kernel memory */
36 };
37 
38 static LIST_HEAD(entries);
39 static int enabled = 1;
40 
41 enum {Enabled, Magic};
42 #define MISC_FMT_PRESERVE_ARGV0 (1 << 31)
43 #define MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY (1 << 30)
44 #define MISC_FMT_CREDENTIALS (1 << 29)
45 
46 typedef struct {
47 	struct list_head list;
48 	unsigned long flags;		/* type, status, etc. */
49 	int offset;			/* offset of magic */
50 	int size;			/* size of magic/mask */
51 	char *magic;			/* magic or filename extension */
52 	char *mask;			/* mask, NULL for exact match */
53 	char *interpreter;		/* filename of interpreter */
54 	char *name;
55 	struct dentry *dentry;
56 } Node;
57 
58 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(entries_lock);
59 static struct file_system_type bm_fs_type;
60 static struct vfsmount *bm_mnt;
61 static int entry_count;
62 
63 /*
64  * Max length of the register string.  Determined by:
65  *  - 7 delimiters
66  *  - name:   ~50 bytes
67  *  - type:   1 byte
68  *  - offset: 3 bytes (has to be smaller than BINPRM_BUF_SIZE)
69  *  - magic:  128 bytes (512 in escaped form)
70  *  - mask:   128 bytes (512 in escaped form)
71  *  - interp: ~50 bytes
72  *  - flags:  5 bytes
73  * Round that up a bit, and then back off to hold the internal data
74  * (like struct Node).
75  */
76 #define MAX_REGISTER_LENGTH 1920
77 
78 /*
79  * Check if we support the binfmt
80  * if we do, return the node, else NULL
81  * locking is done in load_misc_binary
82  */
83 static Node *check_file(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
84 {
85 	char *p = strrchr(bprm->interp, '.');
86 	struct list_head *l;
87 
88 	/* Walk all the registered handlers. */
89 	list_for_each(l, &entries) {
90 		Node *e = list_entry(l, Node, list);
91 		char *s;
92 		int j;
93 
94 		/* Make sure this one is currently enabled. */
95 		if (!test_bit(Enabled, &e->flags))
96 			continue;
97 
98 		/* Do matching based on extension if applicable. */
99 		if (!test_bit(Magic, &e->flags)) {
100 			if (p && !strcmp(e->magic, p + 1))
101 				return e;
102 			continue;
103 		}
104 
105 		/* Do matching based on magic & mask. */
106 		s = bprm->buf + e->offset;
107 		if (e->mask) {
108 			for (j = 0; j < e->size; j++)
109 				if ((*s++ ^ e->magic[j]) & e->mask[j])
110 					break;
111 		} else {
112 			for (j = 0; j < e->size; j++)
113 				if ((*s++ ^ e->magic[j]))
114 					break;
115 		}
116 		if (j == e->size)
117 			return e;
118 	}
119 	return NULL;
120 }
121 
122 /*
123  * the loader itself
124  */
125 static int load_misc_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
126 {
127 	Node *fmt;
128 	struct file *interp_file = NULL;
129 	char iname[BINPRM_BUF_SIZE];
130 	const char *iname_addr = iname;
131 	int retval;
132 	int fd_binary = -1;
133 
134 	retval = -ENOEXEC;
135 	if (!enabled)
136 		goto ret;
137 
138 	/* to keep locking time low, we copy the interpreter string */
139 	read_lock(&entries_lock);
140 	fmt = check_file(bprm);
141 	if (fmt)
142 		strlcpy(iname, fmt->interpreter, BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
143 	read_unlock(&entries_lock);
144 	if (!fmt)
145 		goto ret;
146 
147 	/* Need to be able to load the file after exec */
148 	if (bprm->interp_flags & BINPRM_FLAGS_PATH_INACCESSIBLE)
149 		return -ENOENT;
150 
151 	if (!(fmt->flags & MISC_FMT_PRESERVE_ARGV0)) {
152 		retval = remove_arg_zero(bprm);
153 		if (retval)
154 			goto ret;
155 	}
156 
157 	if (fmt->flags & MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY) {
158 
159 		/* if the binary should be opened on behalf of the
160 		 * interpreter than keep it open and assign descriptor
161 		 * to it
162 		 */
163 		fd_binary = get_unused_fd_flags(0);
164 		if (fd_binary < 0) {
165 			retval = fd_binary;
166 			goto ret;
167 		}
168 		fd_install(fd_binary, bprm->file);
169 
170 		/* if the binary is not readable than enforce mm->dumpable=0
171 		   regardless of the interpreter's permissions */
172 		would_dump(bprm, bprm->file);
173 
174 		allow_write_access(bprm->file);
175 		bprm->file = NULL;
176 
177 		/* mark the bprm that fd should be passed to interp */
178 		bprm->interp_flags |= BINPRM_FLAGS_EXECFD;
179 		bprm->interp_data = fd_binary;
180 
181 	} else {
182 		allow_write_access(bprm->file);
183 		fput(bprm->file);
184 		bprm->file = NULL;
185 	}
186 	/* make argv[1] be the path to the binary */
187 	retval = copy_strings_kernel(1, &bprm->interp, bprm);
188 	if (retval < 0)
189 		goto error;
190 	bprm->argc++;
191 
192 	/* add the interp as argv[0] */
193 	retval = copy_strings_kernel(1, &iname_addr, bprm);
194 	if (retval < 0)
195 		goto error;
196 	bprm->argc++;
197 
198 	/* Update interp in case binfmt_script needs it. */
199 	retval = bprm_change_interp(iname, bprm);
200 	if (retval < 0)
201 		goto error;
202 
203 	interp_file = open_exec(iname);
204 	retval = PTR_ERR(interp_file);
205 	if (IS_ERR(interp_file))
206 		goto error;
207 
208 	bprm->file = interp_file;
209 	if (fmt->flags & MISC_FMT_CREDENTIALS) {
210 		/*
211 		 * No need to call prepare_binprm(), it's already been
212 		 * done.  bprm->buf is stale, update from interp_file.
213 		 */
214 		memset(bprm->buf, 0, BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
215 		retval = kernel_read(bprm->file, 0, bprm->buf, BINPRM_BUF_SIZE);
216 	} else
217 		retval = prepare_binprm(bprm);
218 
219 	if (retval < 0)
220 		goto error;
221 
222 	retval = search_binary_handler(bprm);
223 	if (retval < 0)
224 		goto error;
225 
226 ret:
227 	return retval;
228 error:
229 	if (fd_binary > 0)
230 		sys_close(fd_binary);
231 	bprm->interp_flags = 0;
232 	bprm->interp_data = 0;
233 	goto ret;
234 }
235 
236 /* Command parsers */
237 
238 /*
239  * parses and copies one argument enclosed in del from *sp to *dp,
240  * recognising the \x special.
241  * returns pointer to the copied argument or NULL in case of an
242  * error (and sets err) or null argument length.
243  */
244 static char *scanarg(char *s, char del)
245 {
246 	char c;
247 
248 	while ((c = *s++) != del) {
249 		if (c == '\\' && *s == 'x') {
250 			s++;
251 			if (!isxdigit(*s++))
252 				return NULL;
253 			if (!isxdigit(*s++))
254 				return NULL;
255 		}
256 	}
257 	s[-1] ='\0';
258 	return s;
259 }
260 
261 static char *check_special_flags(char *sfs, Node *e)
262 {
263 	char *p = sfs;
264 	int cont = 1;
265 
266 	/* special flags */
267 	while (cont) {
268 		switch (*p) {
269 		case 'P':
270 			pr_debug("register: flag: P (preserve argv0)\n");
271 			p++;
272 			e->flags |= MISC_FMT_PRESERVE_ARGV0;
273 			break;
274 		case 'O':
275 			pr_debug("register: flag: O (open binary)\n");
276 			p++;
277 			e->flags |= MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY;
278 			break;
279 		case 'C':
280 			pr_debug("register: flag: C (preserve creds)\n");
281 			p++;
282 			/* this flags also implies the
283 			   open-binary flag */
284 			e->flags |= (MISC_FMT_CREDENTIALS |
285 					MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY);
286 			break;
287 		default:
288 			cont = 0;
289 		}
290 	}
291 
292 	return p;
293 }
294 
295 /*
296  * This registers a new binary format, it recognises the syntax
297  * ':name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter:flags'
298  * where the ':' is the IFS, that can be chosen with the first char
299  */
300 static Node *create_entry(const char __user *buffer, size_t count)
301 {
302 	Node *e;
303 	int memsize, err;
304 	char *buf, *p;
305 	char del;
306 
307 	pr_debug("register: received %zu bytes\n", count);
308 
309 	/* some sanity checks */
310 	err = -EINVAL;
311 	if ((count < 11) || (count > MAX_REGISTER_LENGTH))
312 		goto out;
313 
314 	err = -ENOMEM;
315 	memsize = sizeof(Node) + count + 8;
316 	e = kmalloc(memsize, GFP_KERNEL);
317 	if (!e)
318 		goto out;
319 
320 	p = buf = (char *)e + sizeof(Node);
321 
322 	memset(e, 0, sizeof(Node));
323 	if (copy_from_user(buf, buffer, count))
324 		goto efault;
325 
326 	del = *p++;	/* delimeter */
327 
328 	pr_debug("register: delim: %#x {%c}\n", del, del);
329 
330 	/* Pad the buffer with the delim to simplify parsing below. */
331 	memset(buf + count, del, 8);
332 
333 	/* Parse the 'name' field. */
334 	e->name = p;
335 	p = strchr(p, del);
336 	if (!p)
337 		goto einval;
338 	*p++ = '\0';
339 	if (!e->name[0] ||
340 	    !strcmp(e->name, ".") ||
341 	    !strcmp(e->name, "..") ||
342 	    strchr(e->name, '/'))
343 		goto einval;
344 
345 	pr_debug("register: name: {%s}\n", e->name);
346 
347 	/* Parse the 'type' field. */
348 	switch (*p++) {
349 	case 'E':
350 		pr_debug("register: type: E (extension)\n");
351 		e->flags = 1 << Enabled;
352 		break;
353 	case 'M':
354 		pr_debug("register: type: M (magic)\n");
355 		e->flags = (1 << Enabled) | (1 << Magic);
356 		break;
357 	default:
358 		goto einval;
359 	}
360 	if (*p++ != del)
361 		goto einval;
362 
363 	if (test_bit(Magic, &e->flags)) {
364 		/* Handle the 'M' (magic) format. */
365 		char *s;
366 
367 		/* Parse the 'offset' field. */
368 		s = strchr(p, del);
369 		if (!s)
370 			goto einval;
371 		*s++ = '\0';
372 		e->offset = simple_strtoul(p, &p, 10);
373 		if (*p++)
374 			goto einval;
375 		pr_debug("register: offset: %#x\n", e->offset);
376 
377 		/* Parse the 'magic' field. */
378 		e->magic = p;
379 		p = scanarg(p, del);
380 		if (!p)
381 			goto einval;
382 		if (!e->magic[0])
383 			goto einval;
384 		if (USE_DEBUG)
385 			print_hex_dump_bytes(
386 				KBUILD_MODNAME ": register: magic[raw]: ",
387 				DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, e->magic, p - e->magic);
388 
389 		/* Parse the 'mask' field. */
390 		e->mask = p;
391 		p = scanarg(p, del);
392 		if (!p)
393 			goto einval;
394 		if (!e->mask[0]) {
395 			e->mask = NULL;
396 			pr_debug("register:  mask[raw]: none\n");
397 		} else if (USE_DEBUG)
398 			print_hex_dump_bytes(
399 				KBUILD_MODNAME ": register:  mask[raw]: ",
400 				DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, e->mask, p - e->mask);
401 
402 		/*
403 		 * Decode the magic & mask fields.
404 		 * Note: while we might have accepted embedded NUL bytes from
405 		 * above, the unescape helpers here will stop at the first one
406 		 * it encounters.
407 		 */
408 		e->size = string_unescape_inplace(e->magic, UNESCAPE_HEX);
409 		if (e->mask &&
410 		    string_unescape_inplace(e->mask, UNESCAPE_HEX) != e->size)
411 			goto einval;
412 		if (e->size + e->offset > BINPRM_BUF_SIZE)
413 			goto einval;
414 		pr_debug("register: magic/mask length: %i\n", e->size);
415 		if (USE_DEBUG) {
416 			print_hex_dump_bytes(
417 				KBUILD_MODNAME ": register: magic[decoded]: ",
418 				DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, e->magic, e->size);
419 
420 			if (e->mask) {
421 				int i;
422 				char *masked = kmalloc(e->size, GFP_KERNEL);
423 
424 				print_hex_dump_bytes(
425 					KBUILD_MODNAME ": register:  mask[decoded]: ",
426 					DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, e->mask, e->size);
427 
428 				if (masked) {
429 					for (i = 0; i < e->size; ++i)
430 						masked[i] = e->magic[i] & e->mask[i];
431 					print_hex_dump_bytes(
432 						KBUILD_MODNAME ": register:  magic[masked]: ",
433 						DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, masked, e->size);
434 
435 					kfree(masked);
436 				}
437 			}
438 		}
439 	} else {
440 		/* Handle the 'E' (extension) format. */
441 
442 		/* Skip the 'offset' field. */
443 		p = strchr(p, del);
444 		if (!p)
445 			goto einval;
446 		*p++ = '\0';
447 
448 		/* Parse the 'magic' field. */
449 		e->magic = p;
450 		p = strchr(p, del);
451 		if (!p)
452 			goto einval;
453 		*p++ = '\0';
454 		if (!e->magic[0] || strchr(e->magic, '/'))
455 			goto einval;
456 		pr_debug("register: extension: {%s}\n", e->magic);
457 
458 		/* Skip the 'mask' field. */
459 		p = strchr(p, del);
460 		if (!p)
461 			goto einval;
462 		*p++ = '\0';
463 	}
464 
465 	/* Parse the 'interpreter' field. */
466 	e->interpreter = p;
467 	p = strchr(p, del);
468 	if (!p)
469 		goto einval;
470 	*p++ = '\0';
471 	if (!e->interpreter[0])
472 		goto einval;
473 	pr_debug("register: interpreter: {%s}\n", e->interpreter);
474 
475 	/* Parse the 'flags' field. */
476 	p = check_special_flags(p, e);
477 	if (*p == '\n')
478 		p++;
479 	if (p != buf + count)
480 		goto einval;
481 
482 	return e;
483 
484 out:
485 	return ERR_PTR(err);
486 
487 efault:
488 	kfree(e);
489 	return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
490 einval:
491 	kfree(e);
492 	return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
493 }
494 
495 /*
496  * Set status of entry/binfmt_misc:
497  * '1' enables, '0' disables and '-1' clears entry/binfmt_misc
498  */
499 static int parse_command(const char __user *buffer, size_t count)
500 {
501 	char s[4];
502 
503 	if (count > 3)
504 		return -EINVAL;
505 	if (copy_from_user(s, buffer, count))
506 		return -EFAULT;
507 	if (!count)
508 		return 0;
509 	if (s[count - 1] == '\n')
510 		count--;
511 	if (count == 1 && s[0] == '0')
512 		return 1;
513 	if (count == 1 && s[0] == '1')
514 		return 2;
515 	if (count == 2 && s[0] == '-' && s[1] == '1')
516 		return 3;
517 	return -EINVAL;
518 }
519 
520 /* generic stuff */
521 
522 static void entry_status(Node *e, char *page)
523 {
524 	char *dp;
525 	char *status = "disabled";
526 	const char *flags = "flags: ";
527 
528 	if (test_bit(Enabled, &e->flags))
529 		status = "enabled";
530 
531 	if (!VERBOSE_STATUS) {
532 		sprintf(page, "%s\n", status);
533 		return;
534 	}
535 
536 	sprintf(page, "%s\ninterpreter %s\n", status, e->interpreter);
537 	dp = page + strlen(page);
538 
539 	/* print the special flags */
540 	sprintf(dp, "%s", flags);
541 	dp += strlen(flags);
542 	if (e->flags & MISC_FMT_PRESERVE_ARGV0)
543 		*dp++ = 'P';
544 	if (e->flags & MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY)
545 		*dp++ = 'O';
546 	if (e->flags & MISC_FMT_CREDENTIALS)
547 		*dp++ = 'C';
548 	*dp++ = '\n';
549 
550 	if (!test_bit(Magic, &e->flags)) {
551 		sprintf(dp, "extension .%s\n", e->magic);
552 	} else {
553 		int i;
554 
555 		sprintf(dp, "offset %i\nmagic ", e->offset);
556 		dp = page + strlen(page);
557 		for (i = 0; i < e->size; i++) {
558 			sprintf(dp, "%02x", 0xff & (int) (e->magic[i]));
559 			dp += 2;
560 		}
561 		if (e->mask) {
562 			sprintf(dp, "\nmask ");
563 			dp += 6;
564 			for (i = 0; i < e->size; i++) {
565 				sprintf(dp, "%02x", 0xff & (int) (e->mask[i]));
566 				dp += 2;
567 			}
568 		}
569 		*dp++ = '\n';
570 		*dp = '\0';
571 	}
572 }
573 
574 static struct inode *bm_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode)
575 {
576 	struct inode *inode = new_inode(sb);
577 
578 	if (inode) {
579 		inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
580 		inode->i_mode = mode;
581 		inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime =
582 			current_fs_time(inode->i_sb);
583 	}
584 	return inode;
585 }
586 
587 static void bm_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
588 {
589 	clear_inode(inode);
590 	kfree(inode->i_private);
591 }
592 
593 static void kill_node(Node *e)
594 {
595 	struct dentry *dentry;
596 
597 	write_lock(&entries_lock);
598 	dentry = e->dentry;
599 	if (dentry) {
600 		list_del_init(&e->list);
601 		e->dentry = NULL;
602 	}
603 	write_unlock(&entries_lock);
604 
605 	if (dentry) {
606 		drop_nlink(dentry->d_inode);
607 		d_drop(dentry);
608 		dput(dentry);
609 		simple_release_fs(&bm_mnt, &entry_count);
610 	}
611 }
612 
613 /* /<entry> */
614 
615 static ssize_t
616 bm_entry_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos)
617 {
618 	Node *e = file_inode(file)->i_private;
619 	ssize_t res;
620 	char *page;
621 
622 	page = (char *) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
623 	if (!page)
624 		return -ENOMEM;
625 
626 	entry_status(e, page);
627 
628 	res = simple_read_from_buffer(buf, nbytes, ppos, page, strlen(page));
629 
630 	free_page((unsigned long) page);
631 	return res;
632 }
633 
634 static ssize_t bm_entry_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
635 				size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
636 {
637 	struct dentry *root;
638 	Node *e = file_inode(file)->i_private;
639 	int res = parse_command(buffer, count);
640 
641 	switch (res) {
642 	case 1:
643 		/* Disable this handler. */
644 		clear_bit(Enabled, &e->flags);
645 		break;
646 	case 2:
647 		/* Enable this handler. */
648 		set_bit(Enabled, &e->flags);
649 		break;
650 	case 3:
651 		/* Delete this handler. */
652 		root = dget(file->f_path.dentry->d_sb->s_root);
653 		mutex_lock(&root->d_inode->i_mutex);
654 
655 		kill_node(e);
656 
657 		mutex_unlock(&root->d_inode->i_mutex);
658 		dput(root);
659 		break;
660 	default:
661 		return res;
662 	}
663 
664 	return count;
665 }
666 
667 static const struct file_operations bm_entry_operations = {
668 	.read		= bm_entry_read,
669 	.write		= bm_entry_write,
670 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
671 };
672 
673 /* /register */
674 
675 static ssize_t bm_register_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
676 			       size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
677 {
678 	Node *e;
679 	struct inode *inode;
680 	struct dentry *root, *dentry;
681 	struct super_block *sb = file->f_path.dentry->d_sb;
682 	int err = 0;
683 
684 	e = create_entry(buffer, count);
685 
686 	if (IS_ERR(e))
687 		return PTR_ERR(e);
688 
689 	root = dget(sb->s_root);
690 	mutex_lock(&root->d_inode->i_mutex);
691 	dentry = lookup_one_len(e->name, root, strlen(e->name));
692 	err = PTR_ERR(dentry);
693 	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
694 		goto out;
695 
696 	err = -EEXIST;
697 	if (dentry->d_inode)
698 		goto out2;
699 
700 	inode = bm_get_inode(sb, S_IFREG | 0644);
701 
702 	err = -ENOMEM;
703 	if (!inode)
704 		goto out2;
705 
706 	err = simple_pin_fs(&bm_fs_type, &bm_mnt, &entry_count);
707 	if (err) {
708 		iput(inode);
709 		inode = NULL;
710 		goto out2;
711 	}
712 
713 	e->dentry = dget(dentry);
714 	inode->i_private = e;
715 	inode->i_fop = &bm_entry_operations;
716 
717 	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
718 	write_lock(&entries_lock);
719 	list_add(&e->list, &entries);
720 	write_unlock(&entries_lock);
721 
722 	err = 0;
723 out2:
724 	dput(dentry);
725 out:
726 	mutex_unlock(&root->d_inode->i_mutex);
727 	dput(root);
728 
729 	if (err) {
730 		kfree(e);
731 		return -EINVAL;
732 	}
733 	return count;
734 }
735 
736 static const struct file_operations bm_register_operations = {
737 	.write		= bm_register_write,
738 	.llseek		= noop_llseek,
739 };
740 
741 /* /status */
742 
743 static ssize_t
744 bm_status_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos)
745 {
746 	char *s = enabled ? "enabled\n" : "disabled\n";
747 
748 	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, nbytes, ppos, s, strlen(s));
749 }
750 
751 static ssize_t bm_status_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
752 		size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
753 {
754 	int res = parse_command(buffer, count);
755 	struct dentry *root;
756 
757 	switch (res) {
758 	case 1:
759 		/* Disable all handlers. */
760 		enabled = 0;
761 		break;
762 	case 2:
763 		/* Enable all handlers. */
764 		enabled = 1;
765 		break;
766 	case 3:
767 		/* Delete all handlers. */
768 		root = dget(file->f_path.dentry->d_sb->s_root);
769 		mutex_lock(&root->d_inode->i_mutex);
770 
771 		while (!list_empty(&entries))
772 			kill_node(list_entry(entries.next, Node, list));
773 
774 		mutex_unlock(&root->d_inode->i_mutex);
775 		dput(root);
776 		break;
777 	default:
778 		return res;
779 	}
780 
781 	return count;
782 }
783 
784 static const struct file_operations bm_status_operations = {
785 	.read		= bm_status_read,
786 	.write		= bm_status_write,
787 	.llseek		= default_llseek,
788 };
789 
790 /* Superblock handling */
791 
792 static const struct super_operations s_ops = {
793 	.statfs		= simple_statfs,
794 	.evict_inode	= bm_evict_inode,
795 };
796 
797 static int bm_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
798 {
799 	int err;
800 	static struct tree_descr bm_files[] = {
801 		[2] = {"status", &bm_status_operations, S_IWUSR|S_IRUGO},
802 		[3] = {"register", &bm_register_operations, S_IWUSR},
803 		/* last one */ {""}
804 	};
805 
806 	err = simple_fill_super(sb, BINFMTFS_MAGIC, bm_files);
807 	if (!err)
808 		sb->s_op = &s_ops;
809 	return err;
810 }
811 
812 static struct dentry *bm_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
813 	int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data)
814 {
815 	return mount_single(fs_type, flags, data, bm_fill_super);
816 }
817 
818 static struct linux_binfmt misc_format = {
819 	.module = THIS_MODULE,
820 	.load_binary = load_misc_binary,
821 };
822 
823 static struct file_system_type bm_fs_type = {
824 	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
825 	.name		= "binfmt_misc",
826 	.mount		= bm_mount,
827 	.kill_sb	= kill_litter_super,
828 };
829 MODULE_ALIAS_FS("binfmt_misc");
830 
831 static int __init init_misc_binfmt(void)
832 {
833 	int err = register_filesystem(&bm_fs_type);
834 	if (!err)
835 		insert_binfmt(&misc_format);
836 	return err;
837 }
838 
839 static void __exit exit_misc_binfmt(void)
840 {
841 	unregister_binfmt(&misc_format);
842 	unregister_filesystem(&bm_fs_type);
843 }
844 
845 core_initcall(init_misc_binfmt);
846 module_exit(exit_misc_binfmt);
847 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
848