1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only 2 /* 3 * LCD/Backlight Driver for Sharp Zaurus Handhelds (various models) 4 * 5 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Richard Purdie 6 * 7 * Based on Sharp's 2.4 Backlight Driver 8 * 9 * Copyright (c) 2008 Marvell International Ltd. 10 * Converted to SPI device based LCD/Backlight device driver 11 * by Eric Miao <eric.miao@marvell.com> 12 */ 13 14 #include <linux/backlight.h> 15 #include <linux/module.h> 16 #include <linux/kernel.h> 17 #include <linux/init.h> 18 #include <linux/delay.h> 19 #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h> 20 #include <linux/fb.h> 21 #include <linux/lcd.h> 22 #include <linux/spi/spi.h> 23 #include <linux/spi/corgi_lcd.h> 24 #include <linux/slab.h> 25 #include <asm/mach/sharpsl_param.h> 26 27 #define POWER_IS_ON(pwr) ((pwr) <= FB_BLANK_NORMAL) 28 29 /* Register Addresses */ 30 #define RESCTL_ADRS 0x00 31 #define PHACTRL_ADRS 0x01 32 #define DUTYCTRL_ADRS 0x02 33 #define POWERREG0_ADRS 0x03 34 #define POWERREG1_ADRS 0x04 35 #define GPOR3_ADRS 0x05 36 #define PICTRL_ADRS 0x06 37 #define POLCTRL_ADRS 0x07 38 39 /* Register Bit Definitions */ 40 #define RESCTL_QVGA 0x01 41 #define RESCTL_VGA 0x00 42 43 #define POWER1_VW_ON 0x01 /* VW Supply FET ON */ 44 #define POWER1_GVSS_ON 0x02 /* GVSS(-8V) Power Supply ON */ 45 #define POWER1_VDD_ON 0x04 /* VDD(8V),SVSS(-4V) Power Supply ON */ 46 47 #define POWER1_VW_OFF 0x00 /* VW Supply FET OFF */ 48 #define POWER1_GVSS_OFF 0x00 /* GVSS(-8V) Power Supply OFF */ 49 #define POWER1_VDD_OFF 0x00 /* VDD(8V),SVSS(-4V) Power Supply OFF */ 50 51 #define POWER0_COM_DCLK 0x01 /* COM Voltage DC Bias DAC Serial Data Clock */ 52 #define POWER0_COM_DOUT 0x02 /* COM Voltage DC Bias DAC Serial Data Out */ 53 #define POWER0_DAC_ON 0x04 /* DAC Power Supply ON */ 54 #define POWER0_COM_ON 0x08 /* COM Power Supply ON */ 55 #define POWER0_VCC5_ON 0x10 /* VCC5 Power Supply ON */ 56 57 #define POWER0_DAC_OFF 0x00 /* DAC Power Supply OFF */ 58 #define POWER0_COM_OFF 0x00 /* COM Power Supply OFF */ 59 #define POWER0_VCC5_OFF 0x00 /* VCC5 Power Supply OFF */ 60 61 #define PICTRL_INIT_STATE 0x01 62 #define PICTRL_INIOFF 0x02 63 #define PICTRL_POWER_DOWN 0x04 64 #define PICTRL_COM_SIGNAL_OFF 0x08 65 #define PICTRL_DAC_SIGNAL_OFF 0x10 66 67 #define POLCTRL_SYNC_POL_FALL 0x01 68 #define POLCTRL_EN_POL_FALL 0x02 69 #define POLCTRL_DATA_POL_FALL 0x04 70 #define POLCTRL_SYNC_ACT_H 0x08 71 #define POLCTRL_EN_ACT_L 0x10 72 73 #define POLCTRL_SYNC_POL_RISE 0x00 74 #define POLCTRL_EN_POL_RISE 0x00 75 #define POLCTRL_DATA_POL_RISE 0x00 76 #define POLCTRL_SYNC_ACT_L 0x00 77 #define POLCTRL_EN_ACT_H 0x00 78 79 #define PHACTRL_PHASE_MANUAL 0x01 80 #define DEFAULT_PHAD_QVGA (9) 81 #define DEFAULT_COMADJ (125) 82 83 struct corgi_lcd { 84 struct spi_device *spi_dev; 85 struct lcd_device *lcd_dev; 86 struct backlight_device *bl_dev; 87 88 int limit_mask; 89 int intensity; 90 int power; 91 int mode; 92 char buf[2]; 93 94 struct gpio_desc *backlight_on; 95 struct gpio_desc *backlight_cont; 96 97 void (*kick_battery)(void); 98 }; 99 100 static int corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, int reg, uint8_t val); 101 102 static struct corgi_lcd *the_corgi_lcd; 103 static unsigned long corgibl_flags; 104 #define CORGIBL_SUSPENDED 0x01 105 #define CORGIBL_BATTLOW 0x02 106 107 /* 108 * This is only a pseudo I2C interface. We can't use the standard kernel 109 * routines as the interface is write only. We just assume the data is acked... 110 */ 111 static void lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, uint8_t data) 112 { 113 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, data); 114 udelay(10); 115 } 116 117 static void lcdtg_i2c_send_bit(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, uint8_t data) 118 { 119 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, data); 120 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, data | POWER0_COM_DCLK); 121 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, data); 122 } 123 124 static void lcdtg_i2c_send_start(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, uint8_t base) 125 { 126 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, base | POWER0_COM_DCLK | POWER0_COM_DOUT); 127 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, base | POWER0_COM_DCLK); 128 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, base); 129 } 130 131 static void lcdtg_i2c_send_stop(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, uint8_t base) 132 { 133 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, base); 134 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, base | POWER0_COM_DCLK); 135 lcdtg_ssp_i2c_send(lcd, base | POWER0_COM_DCLK | POWER0_COM_DOUT); 136 } 137 138 static void lcdtg_i2c_send_byte(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, 139 uint8_t base, uint8_t data) 140 { 141 int i; 142 143 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { 144 if (data & 0x80) 145 lcdtg_i2c_send_bit(lcd, base | POWER0_COM_DOUT); 146 else 147 lcdtg_i2c_send_bit(lcd, base); 148 data <<= 1; 149 } 150 } 151 152 static void lcdtg_i2c_wait_ack(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, uint8_t base) 153 { 154 lcdtg_i2c_send_bit(lcd, base); 155 } 156 157 static void lcdtg_set_common_voltage(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, 158 uint8_t base_data, uint8_t data) 159 { 160 /* Set Common Voltage to M62332FP via I2C */ 161 lcdtg_i2c_send_start(lcd, base_data); 162 lcdtg_i2c_send_byte(lcd, base_data, 0x9c); 163 lcdtg_i2c_wait_ack(lcd, base_data); 164 lcdtg_i2c_send_byte(lcd, base_data, 0x00); 165 lcdtg_i2c_wait_ack(lcd, base_data); 166 lcdtg_i2c_send_byte(lcd, base_data, data); 167 lcdtg_i2c_wait_ack(lcd, base_data); 168 lcdtg_i2c_send_stop(lcd, base_data); 169 } 170 171 static int corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, int adrs, uint8_t data) 172 { 173 struct spi_message msg; 174 struct spi_transfer xfer = { 175 .len = 1, 176 .cs_change = 0, 177 .tx_buf = lcd->buf, 178 }; 179 180 lcd->buf[0] = ((adrs & 0x07) << 5) | (data & 0x1f); 181 spi_message_init(&msg); 182 spi_message_add_tail(&xfer, &msg); 183 184 return spi_sync(lcd->spi_dev, &msg); 185 } 186 187 /* Set Phase Adjust */ 188 static void lcdtg_set_phadadj(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, int mode) 189 { 190 int adj; 191 192 switch (mode) { 193 case CORGI_LCD_MODE_VGA: 194 /* Setting for VGA */ 195 adj = sharpsl_param.phadadj; 196 adj = (adj < 0) ? PHACTRL_PHASE_MANUAL : 197 PHACTRL_PHASE_MANUAL | ((adj & 0xf) << 1); 198 break; 199 case CORGI_LCD_MODE_QVGA: 200 default: 201 /* Setting for QVGA */ 202 adj = (DEFAULT_PHAD_QVGA << 1) | PHACTRL_PHASE_MANUAL; 203 break; 204 } 205 206 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, PHACTRL_ADRS, adj); 207 } 208 209 static void corgi_lcd_power_on(struct corgi_lcd *lcd) 210 { 211 int comadj; 212 213 /* Initialize Internal Logic & Port */ 214 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, PICTRL_ADRS, 215 PICTRL_POWER_DOWN | PICTRL_INIOFF | 216 PICTRL_INIT_STATE | PICTRL_COM_SIGNAL_OFF | 217 PICTRL_DAC_SIGNAL_OFF); 218 219 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, 220 POWER0_COM_DCLK | POWER0_COM_DOUT | POWER0_DAC_OFF | 221 POWER0_COM_OFF | POWER0_VCC5_OFF); 222 223 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG1_ADRS, 224 POWER1_VW_OFF | POWER1_GVSS_OFF | POWER1_VDD_OFF); 225 226 /* VDD(+8V), SVSS(-4V) ON */ 227 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG1_ADRS, 228 POWER1_VW_OFF | POWER1_GVSS_OFF | POWER1_VDD_ON); 229 mdelay(3); 230 231 /* DAC ON */ 232 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, 233 POWER0_COM_DCLK | POWER0_COM_DOUT | POWER0_DAC_ON | 234 POWER0_COM_OFF | POWER0_VCC5_OFF); 235 236 /* INIB = H, INI = L */ 237 /* PICTL[0] = H , PICTL[1] = PICTL[2] = PICTL[4] = L */ 238 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, PICTRL_ADRS, 239 PICTRL_INIT_STATE | PICTRL_COM_SIGNAL_OFF); 240 241 /* Set Common Voltage */ 242 comadj = sharpsl_param.comadj; 243 if (comadj < 0) 244 comadj = DEFAULT_COMADJ; 245 246 lcdtg_set_common_voltage(lcd, POWER0_DAC_ON | POWER0_COM_OFF | 247 POWER0_VCC5_OFF, comadj); 248 249 /* VCC5 ON, DAC ON */ 250 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, 251 POWER0_COM_DCLK | POWER0_COM_DOUT | POWER0_DAC_ON | 252 POWER0_COM_OFF | POWER0_VCC5_ON); 253 254 /* GVSS(-8V) ON, VDD ON */ 255 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG1_ADRS, 256 POWER1_VW_OFF | POWER1_GVSS_ON | POWER1_VDD_ON); 257 mdelay(2); 258 259 /* COM SIGNAL ON (PICTL[3] = L) */ 260 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, PICTRL_ADRS, PICTRL_INIT_STATE); 261 262 /* COM ON, DAC ON, VCC5_ON */ 263 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, 264 POWER0_COM_DCLK | POWER0_COM_DOUT | POWER0_DAC_ON | 265 POWER0_COM_ON | POWER0_VCC5_ON); 266 267 /* VW ON, GVSS ON, VDD ON */ 268 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG1_ADRS, 269 POWER1_VW_ON | POWER1_GVSS_ON | POWER1_VDD_ON); 270 271 /* Signals output enable */ 272 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, PICTRL_ADRS, 0); 273 274 /* Set Phase Adjust */ 275 lcdtg_set_phadadj(lcd, lcd->mode); 276 277 /* Initialize for Input Signals from ATI */ 278 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POLCTRL_ADRS, 279 POLCTRL_SYNC_POL_RISE | POLCTRL_EN_POL_RISE | 280 POLCTRL_DATA_POL_RISE | POLCTRL_SYNC_ACT_L | 281 POLCTRL_EN_ACT_H); 282 udelay(1000); 283 284 switch (lcd->mode) { 285 case CORGI_LCD_MODE_VGA: 286 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, RESCTL_ADRS, RESCTL_VGA); 287 break; 288 case CORGI_LCD_MODE_QVGA: 289 default: 290 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, RESCTL_ADRS, RESCTL_QVGA); 291 break; 292 } 293 } 294 295 static void corgi_lcd_power_off(struct corgi_lcd *lcd) 296 { 297 /* 60Hz x 2 frame = 16.7msec x 2 = 33.4 msec */ 298 msleep(34); 299 300 /* (1)VW OFF */ 301 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG1_ADRS, 302 POWER1_VW_OFF | POWER1_GVSS_ON | POWER1_VDD_ON); 303 304 /* (2)COM OFF */ 305 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, PICTRL_ADRS, PICTRL_COM_SIGNAL_OFF); 306 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, 307 POWER0_DAC_ON | POWER0_COM_OFF | POWER0_VCC5_ON); 308 309 /* (3)Set Common Voltage Bias 0V */ 310 lcdtg_set_common_voltage(lcd, POWER0_DAC_ON | POWER0_COM_OFF | 311 POWER0_VCC5_ON, 0); 312 313 /* (4)GVSS OFF */ 314 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG1_ADRS, 315 POWER1_VW_OFF | POWER1_GVSS_OFF | POWER1_VDD_ON); 316 317 /* (5)VCC5 OFF */ 318 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, 319 POWER0_DAC_ON | POWER0_COM_OFF | POWER0_VCC5_OFF); 320 321 /* (6)Set PDWN, INIOFF, DACOFF */ 322 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, PICTRL_ADRS, 323 PICTRL_INIOFF | PICTRL_DAC_SIGNAL_OFF | 324 PICTRL_POWER_DOWN | PICTRL_COM_SIGNAL_OFF); 325 326 /* (7)DAC OFF */ 327 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG0_ADRS, 328 POWER0_DAC_OFF | POWER0_COM_OFF | POWER0_VCC5_OFF); 329 330 /* (8)VDD OFF */ 331 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, POWERREG1_ADRS, 332 POWER1_VW_OFF | POWER1_GVSS_OFF | POWER1_VDD_OFF); 333 } 334 335 static int corgi_lcd_set_mode(struct lcd_device *ld, struct fb_videomode *m) 336 { 337 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = lcd_get_data(ld); 338 int mode = CORGI_LCD_MODE_QVGA; 339 340 if (m->xres == 640 || m->xres == 480) 341 mode = CORGI_LCD_MODE_VGA; 342 343 if (lcd->mode == mode) 344 return 0; 345 346 lcdtg_set_phadadj(lcd, mode); 347 348 switch (mode) { 349 case CORGI_LCD_MODE_VGA: 350 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, RESCTL_ADRS, RESCTL_VGA); 351 break; 352 case CORGI_LCD_MODE_QVGA: 353 default: 354 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, RESCTL_ADRS, RESCTL_QVGA); 355 break; 356 } 357 358 lcd->mode = mode; 359 return 0; 360 } 361 362 static int corgi_lcd_set_power(struct lcd_device *ld, int power) 363 { 364 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = lcd_get_data(ld); 365 366 if (POWER_IS_ON(power) && !POWER_IS_ON(lcd->power)) 367 corgi_lcd_power_on(lcd); 368 369 if (!POWER_IS_ON(power) && POWER_IS_ON(lcd->power)) 370 corgi_lcd_power_off(lcd); 371 372 lcd->power = power; 373 return 0; 374 } 375 376 static int corgi_lcd_get_power(struct lcd_device *ld) 377 { 378 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = lcd_get_data(ld); 379 380 return lcd->power; 381 } 382 383 static struct lcd_ops corgi_lcd_ops = { 384 .get_power = corgi_lcd_get_power, 385 .set_power = corgi_lcd_set_power, 386 .set_mode = corgi_lcd_set_mode, 387 }; 388 389 static int corgi_bl_get_intensity(struct backlight_device *bd) 390 { 391 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = bl_get_data(bd); 392 393 return lcd->intensity; 394 } 395 396 static int corgi_bl_set_intensity(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, int intensity) 397 { 398 int cont; 399 400 if (intensity > 0x10) 401 intensity += 0x10; 402 403 corgi_ssp_lcdtg_send(lcd, DUTYCTRL_ADRS, intensity); 404 405 /* Bit 5 via GPIO_BACKLIGHT_CONT */ 406 cont = !!(intensity & 0x20); 407 408 if (lcd->backlight_cont) 409 gpiod_set_value_cansleep(lcd->backlight_cont, cont); 410 411 if (lcd->backlight_on) 412 gpiod_set_value_cansleep(lcd->backlight_on, intensity); 413 414 if (lcd->kick_battery) 415 lcd->kick_battery(); 416 417 lcd->intensity = intensity; 418 return 0; 419 } 420 421 static int corgi_bl_update_status(struct backlight_device *bd) 422 { 423 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = bl_get_data(bd); 424 int intensity = backlight_get_brightness(bd); 425 426 if (corgibl_flags & CORGIBL_SUSPENDED) 427 intensity = 0; 428 429 if ((corgibl_flags & CORGIBL_BATTLOW) && intensity > lcd->limit_mask) 430 intensity = lcd->limit_mask; 431 432 return corgi_bl_set_intensity(lcd, intensity); 433 } 434 435 void corgi_lcd_limit_intensity(int limit) 436 { 437 if (limit) 438 corgibl_flags |= CORGIBL_BATTLOW; 439 else 440 corgibl_flags &= ~CORGIBL_BATTLOW; 441 442 backlight_update_status(the_corgi_lcd->bl_dev); 443 } 444 EXPORT_SYMBOL(corgi_lcd_limit_intensity); 445 446 static const struct backlight_ops corgi_bl_ops = { 447 .get_brightness = corgi_bl_get_intensity, 448 .update_status = corgi_bl_update_status, 449 }; 450 451 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP 452 static int corgi_lcd_suspend(struct device *dev) 453 { 454 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = dev_get_drvdata(dev); 455 456 corgibl_flags |= CORGIBL_SUSPENDED; 457 corgi_bl_set_intensity(lcd, 0); 458 corgi_lcd_set_power(lcd->lcd_dev, FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN); 459 return 0; 460 } 461 462 static int corgi_lcd_resume(struct device *dev) 463 { 464 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = dev_get_drvdata(dev); 465 466 corgibl_flags &= ~CORGIBL_SUSPENDED; 467 corgi_lcd_set_power(lcd->lcd_dev, FB_BLANK_UNBLANK); 468 backlight_update_status(lcd->bl_dev); 469 return 0; 470 } 471 #endif 472 473 static SIMPLE_DEV_PM_OPS(corgi_lcd_pm_ops, corgi_lcd_suspend, corgi_lcd_resume); 474 475 static int setup_gpio_backlight(struct corgi_lcd *lcd, 476 struct corgi_lcd_platform_data *pdata) 477 { 478 struct spi_device *spi = lcd->spi_dev; 479 480 lcd->backlight_on = devm_gpiod_get_optional(&spi->dev, 481 "BL_ON", GPIOD_OUT_LOW); 482 if (IS_ERR(lcd->backlight_on)) 483 return PTR_ERR(lcd->backlight_on); 484 485 lcd->backlight_cont = devm_gpiod_get_optional(&spi->dev, "BL_CONT", 486 GPIOD_OUT_LOW); 487 if (IS_ERR(lcd->backlight_cont)) 488 return PTR_ERR(lcd->backlight_cont); 489 490 return 0; 491 } 492 493 static int corgi_lcd_probe(struct spi_device *spi) 494 { 495 struct backlight_properties props; 496 struct corgi_lcd_platform_data *pdata = dev_get_platdata(&spi->dev); 497 struct corgi_lcd *lcd; 498 int ret = 0; 499 500 if (pdata == NULL) { 501 dev_err(&spi->dev, "platform data not available\n"); 502 return -EINVAL; 503 } 504 505 lcd = devm_kzalloc(&spi->dev, sizeof(struct corgi_lcd), GFP_KERNEL); 506 if (!lcd) 507 return -ENOMEM; 508 509 lcd->spi_dev = spi; 510 511 lcd->lcd_dev = devm_lcd_device_register(&spi->dev, "corgi_lcd", 512 &spi->dev, lcd, &corgi_lcd_ops); 513 if (IS_ERR(lcd->lcd_dev)) 514 return PTR_ERR(lcd->lcd_dev); 515 516 lcd->power = FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN; 517 lcd->mode = (pdata) ? pdata->init_mode : CORGI_LCD_MODE_VGA; 518 519 memset(&props, 0, sizeof(struct backlight_properties)); 520 props.type = BACKLIGHT_RAW; 521 props.max_brightness = pdata->max_intensity; 522 lcd->bl_dev = devm_backlight_device_register(&spi->dev, "corgi_bl", 523 &spi->dev, lcd, &corgi_bl_ops, 524 &props); 525 if (IS_ERR(lcd->bl_dev)) 526 return PTR_ERR(lcd->bl_dev); 527 528 lcd->bl_dev->props.brightness = pdata->default_intensity; 529 lcd->bl_dev->props.power = FB_BLANK_UNBLANK; 530 531 ret = setup_gpio_backlight(lcd, pdata); 532 if (ret) 533 return ret; 534 535 lcd->kick_battery = pdata->kick_battery; 536 537 spi_set_drvdata(spi, lcd); 538 corgi_lcd_set_power(lcd->lcd_dev, FB_BLANK_UNBLANK); 539 backlight_update_status(lcd->bl_dev); 540 541 lcd->limit_mask = pdata->limit_mask; 542 the_corgi_lcd = lcd; 543 return 0; 544 } 545 546 static void corgi_lcd_remove(struct spi_device *spi) 547 { 548 struct corgi_lcd *lcd = spi_get_drvdata(spi); 549 550 lcd->bl_dev->props.power = FB_BLANK_UNBLANK; 551 lcd->bl_dev->props.brightness = 0; 552 backlight_update_status(lcd->bl_dev); 553 corgi_lcd_set_power(lcd->lcd_dev, FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN); 554 } 555 556 static struct spi_driver corgi_lcd_driver = { 557 .driver = { 558 .name = "corgi-lcd", 559 .pm = &corgi_lcd_pm_ops, 560 }, 561 .probe = corgi_lcd_probe, 562 .remove = corgi_lcd_remove, 563 }; 564 565 module_spi_driver(corgi_lcd_driver); 566 567 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("LCD and backlight driver for SHARP C7x0/Cxx00"); 568 MODULE_AUTHOR("Eric Miao <eric.miao@marvell.com>"); 569 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 570 MODULE_ALIAS("spi:corgi-lcd"); 571