xref: /linux/drivers/scsi/device_handler/scsi_dh_alua.c (revision e0bf6c5ca2d3281f231c5f0c9bf145e9513644de)
1 /*
2  * Generic SCSI-3 ALUA SCSI Device Handler
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Hannes Reinecke, SUSE Linux Products GmbH.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10  * (at your option) any later version.
11  *
12  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15  * GNU General Public License for more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
20  *
21  */
22 #include <linux/slab.h>
23 #include <linux/delay.h>
24 #include <linux/module.h>
25 #include <scsi/scsi.h>
26 #include <scsi/scsi_eh.h>
27 #include <scsi/scsi_dh.h>
28 
29 #define ALUA_DH_NAME "alua"
30 #define ALUA_DH_VER "1.3"
31 
32 #define TPGS_STATE_OPTIMIZED		0x0
33 #define TPGS_STATE_NONOPTIMIZED		0x1
34 #define TPGS_STATE_STANDBY		0x2
35 #define TPGS_STATE_UNAVAILABLE		0x3
36 #define TPGS_STATE_LBA_DEPENDENT	0x4
37 #define TPGS_STATE_OFFLINE		0xe
38 #define TPGS_STATE_TRANSITIONING	0xf
39 
40 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_NONE		0x00
41 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_OPTIMIZED		0x01
42 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_NONOPTIMIZED	0x02
43 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_STANDBY		0x04
44 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_UNAVAILABLE	0x08
45 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_LBA_DEPENDENT	0x10
46 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_OFFLINE		0x40
47 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_TRANSITION		0x80
48 
49 #define RTPG_FMT_MASK			0x70
50 #define RTPG_FMT_EXT_HDR		0x10
51 
52 #define TPGS_MODE_UNINITIALIZED		 -1
53 #define TPGS_MODE_NONE			0x0
54 #define TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT		0x1
55 #define TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT		0x2
56 
57 #define ALUA_INQUIRY_SIZE		36
58 #define ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT		60
59 #define ALUA_FAILOVER_RETRIES		5
60 
61 /* flags passed from user level */
62 #define ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG		1
63 
64 struct alua_dh_data {
65 	struct scsi_dh_data	dh_data;
66 	int			group_id;
67 	int			rel_port;
68 	int			tpgs;
69 	int			state;
70 	int			pref;
71 	unsigned		flags; /* used for optimizing STPG */
72 	unsigned char		inq[ALUA_INQUIRY_SIZE];
73 	unsigned char		*buff;
74 	int			bufflen;
75 	unsigned char		transition_tmo;
76 	unsigned char		sense[SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE];
77 	int			senselen;
78 	struct scsi_device	*sdev;
79 	activate_complete	callback_fn;
80 	void			*callback_data;
81 };
82 
83 #define ALUA_POLICY_SWITCH_CURRENT	0
84 #define ALUA_POLICY_SWITCH_ALL		1
85 
86 static char print_alua_state(int);
87 static int alua_check_sense(struct scsi_device *, struct scsi_sense_hdr *);
88 
89 static inline struct alua_dh_data *get_alua_data(struct scsi_device *sdev)
90 {
91 	return container_of(sdev->scsi_dh_data, struct alua_dh_data, dh_data);
92 }
93 
94 static int realloc_buffer(struct alua_dh_data *h, unsigned len)
95 {
96 	if (h->buff && h->buff != h->inq)
97 		kfree(h->buff);
98 
99 	h->buff = kmalloc(len, GFP_NOIO);
100 	if (!h->buff) {
101 		h->buff = h->inq;
102 		h->bufflen = ALUA_INQUIRY_SIZE;
103 		return 1;
104 	}
105 	h->bufflen = len;
106 	return 0;
107 }
108 
109 static struct request *get_alua_req(struct scsi_device *sdev,
110 				    void *buffer, unsigned buflen, int rw)
111 {
112 	struct request *rq;
113 	struct request_queue *q = sdev->request_queue;
114 
115 	rq = blk_get_request(q, rw, GFP_NOIO);
116 
117 	if (IS_ERR(rq)) {
118 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
119 			    "%s: blk_get_request failed\n", __func__);
120 		return NULL;
121 	}
122 	blk_rq_set_block_pc(rq);
123 
124 	if (buflen && blk_rq_map_kern(q, rq, buffer, buflen, GFP_NOIO)) {
125 		blk_put_request(rq);
126 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
127 			    "%s: blk_rq_map_kern failed\n", __func__);
128 		return NULL;
129 	}
130 
131 	rq->cmd_flags |= REQ_FAILFAST_DEV | REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT |
132 			 REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER;
133 	rq->retries = ALUA_FAILOVER_RETRIES;
134 	rq->timeout = ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT * HZ;
135 
136 	return rq;
137 }
138 
139 /*
140  * submit_vpd_inquiry - Issue an INQUIRY VPD page 0x83 command
141  * @sdev: sdev the command should be sent to
142  */
143 static int submit_vpd_inquiry(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h)
144 {
145 	struct request *rq;
146 	int err = SCSI_DH_RES_TEMP_UNAVAIL;
147 
148 	rq = get_alua_req(sdev, h->buff, h->bufflen, READ);
149 	if (!rq)
150 		goto done;
151 
152 	/* Prepare the command. */
153 	rq->cmd[0] = INQUIRY;
154 	rq->cmd[1] = 1;
155 	rq->cmd[2] = 0x83;
156 	rq->cmd[4] = h->bufflen;
157 	rq->cmd_len = COMMAND_SIZE(INQUIRY);
158 
159 	rq->sense = h->sense;
160 	memset(rq->sense, 0, SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE);
161 	rq->sense_len = h->senselen = 0;
162 
163 	err = blk_execute_rq(rq->q, NULL, rq, 1);
164 	if (err == -EIO) {
165 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
166 			    "%s: evpd inquiry failed with %x\n",
167 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, rq->errors);
168 		h->senselen = rq->sense_len;
169 		err = SCSI_DH_IO;
170 	}
171 	blk_put_request(rq);
172 done:
173 	return err;
174 }
175 
176 /*
177  * submit_rtpg - Issue a REPORT TARGET GROUP STATES command
178  * @sdev: sdev the command should be sent to
179  */
180 static unsigned submit_rtpg(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h,
181 			    bool rtpg_ext_hdr_req)
182 {
183 	struct request *rq;
184 	int err = SCSI_DH_RES_TEMP_UNAVAIL;
185 
186 	rq = get_alua_req(sdev, h->buff, h->bufflen, READ);
187 	if (!rq)
188 		goto done;
189 
190 	/* Prepare the command. */
191 	rq->cmd[0] = MAINTENANCE_IN;
192 	if (rtpg_ext_hdr_req)
193 		rq->cmd[1] = MI_REPORT_TARGET_PGS | MI_EXT_HDR_PARAM_FMT;
194 	else
195 		rq->cmd[1] = MI_REPORT_TARGET_PGS;
196 	rq->cmd[6] = (h->bufflen >> 24) & 0xff;
197 	rq->cmd[7] = (h->bufflen >> 16) & 0xff;
198 	rq->cmd[8] = (h->bufflen >>  8) & 0xff;
199 	rq->cmd[9] = h->bufflen & 0xff;
200 	rq->cmd_len = COMMAND_SIZE(MAINTENANCE_IN);
201 
202 	rq->sense = h->sense;
203 	memset(rq->sense, 0, SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE);
204 	rq->sense_len = h->senselen = 0;
205 
206 	err = blk_execute_rq(rq->q, NULL, rq, 1);
207 	if (err == -EIO) {
208 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
209 			    "%s: rtpg failed with %x\n",
210 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, rq->errors);
211 		h->senselen = rq->sense_len;
212 		err = SCSI_DH_IO;
213 	}
214 	blk_put_request(rq);
215 done:
216 	return err;
217 }
218 
219 /*
220  * alua_stpg - Evaluate SET TARGET GROUP STATES
221  * @sdev: the device to be evaluated
222  * @state: the new target group state
223  *
224  * Send a SET TARGET GROUP STATES command to the device.
225  * We only have to test here if we should resubmit the command;
226  * any other error is assumed as a failure.
227  */
228 static void stpg_endio(struct request *req, int error)
229 {
230 	struct alua_dh_data *h = req->end_io_data;
231 	struct scsi_sense_hdr sense_hdr;
232 	unsigned err = SCSI_DH_OK;
233 
234 	if (host_byte(req->errors) != DID_OK ||
235 	    msg_byte(req->errors) != COMMAND_COMPLETE) {
236 		err = SCSI_DH_IO;
237 		goto done;
238 	}
239 
240 	if (req->sense_len > 0) {
241 		err = scsi_normalize_sense(h->sense, SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE,
242 					   &sense_hdr);
243 		if (!err) {
244 			err = SCSI_DH_IO;
245 			goto done;
246 		}
247 		err = alua_check_sense(h->sdev, &sense_hdr);
248 		if (err == ADD_TO_MLQUEUE) {
249 			err = SCSI_DH_RETRY;
250 			goto done;
251 		}
252 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, h->sdev,
253 			    "%s: stpg sense code: %02x/%02x/%02x\n",
254 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, sense_hdr.sense_key,
255 			    sense_hdr.asc, sense_hdr.ascq);
256 		err = SCSI_DH_IO;
257 	} else if (error)
258 		err = SCSI_DH_IO;
259 
260 	if (err == SCSI_DH_OK) {
261 		h->state = TPGS_STATE_OPTIMIZED;
262 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, h->sdev,
263 			    "%s: port group %02x switched to state %c\n",
264 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, h->group_id,
265 			    print_alua_state(h->state));
266 	}
267 done:
268 	req->end_io_data = NULL;
269 	__blk_put_request(req->q, req);
270 	if (h->callback_fn) {
271 		h->callback_fn(h->callback_data, err);
272 		h->callback_fn = h->callback_data = NULL;
273 	}
274 	return;
275 }
276 
277 /*
278  * submit_stpg - Issue a SET TARGET GROUP STATES command
279  *
280  * Currently we're only setting the current target port group state
281  * to 'active/optimized' and let the array firmware figure out
282  * the states of the remaining groups.
283  */
284 static unsigned submit_stpg(struct alua_dh_data *h)
285 {
286 	struct request *rq;
287 	int stpg_len = 8;
288 	struct scsi_device *sdev = h->sdev;
289 
290 	/* Prepare the data buffer */
291 	memset(h->buff, 0, stpg_len);
292 	h->buff[4] = TPGS_STATE_OPTIMIZED & 0x0f;
293 	h->buff[6] = (h->group_id >> 8) & 0xff;
294 	h->buff[7] = h->group_id & 0xff;
295 
296 	rq = get_alua_req(sdev, h->buff, stpg_len, WRITE);
297 	if (!rq)
298 		return SCSI_DH_RES_TEMP_UNAVAIL;
299 
300 	/* Prepare the command. */
301 	rq->cmd[0] = MAINTENANCE_OUT;
302 	rq->cmd[1] = MO_SET_TARGET_PGS;
303 	rq->cmd[6] = (stpg_len >> 24) & 0xff;
304 	rq->cmd[7] = (stpg_len >> 16) & 0xff;
305 	rq->cmd[8] = (stpg_len >>  8) & 0xff;
306 	rq->cmd[9] = stpg_len & 0xff;
307 	rq->cmd_len = COMMAND_SIZE(MAINTENANCE_OUT);
308 
309 	rq->sense = h->sense;
310 	memset(rq->sense, 0, SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE);
311 	rq->sense_len = h->senselen = 0;
312 	rq->end_io_data = h;
313 
314 	blk_execute_rq_nowait(rq->q, NULL, rq, 1, stpg_endio);
315 	return SCSI_DH_OK;
316 }
317 
318 /*
319  * alua_check_tpgs - Evaluate TPGS setting
320  * @sdev: device to be checked
321  *
322  * Examine the TPGS setting of the sdev to find out if ALUA
323  * is supported.
324  */
325 static int alua_check_tpgs(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h)
326 {
327 	int err = SCSI_DH_OK;
328 
329 	h->tpgs = scsi_device_tpgs(sdev);
330 	switch (h->tpgs) {
331 	case TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT|TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT:
332 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
333 			    "%s: supports implicit and explicit TPGS\n",
334 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
335 		break;
336 	case TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT:
337 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev, "%s: supports explicit TPGS\n",
338 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
339 		break;
340 	case TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT:
341 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev, "%s: supports implicit TPGS\n",
342 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
343 		break;
344 	default:
345 		h->tpgs = TPGS_MODE_NONE;
346 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev, "%s: not supported\n",
347 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
348 		err = SCSI_DH_DEV_UNSUPP;
349 		break;
350 	}
351 
352 	return err;
353 }
354 
355 /*
356  * alua_vpd_inquiry - Evaluate INQUIRY vpd page 0x83
357  * @sdev: device to be checked
358  *
359  * Extract the relative target port and the target port group
360  * descriptor from the list of identificators.
361  */
362 static int alua_vpd_inquiry(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h)
363 {
364 	int len;
365 	unsigned err;
366 	unsigned char *d;
367 
368  retry:
369 	err = submit_vpd_inquiry(sdev, h);
370 
371 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK)
372 		return err;
373 
374 	/* Check if vpd page exceeds initial buffer */
375 	len = (h->buff[2] << 8) + h->buff[3] + 4;
376 	if (len > h->bufflen) {
377 		/* Resubmit with the correct length */
378 		if (realloc_buffer(h, len)) {
379 			sdev_printk(KERN_WARNING, sdev,
380 				    "%s: kmalloc buffer failed\n",
381 				    ALUA_DH_NAME);
382 			/* Temporary failure, bypass */
383 			return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
384 		}
385 		goto retry;
386 	}
387 
388 	/*
389 	 * Now look for the correct descriptor.
390 	 */
391 	d = h->buff + 4;
392 	while (d < h->buff + len) {
393 		switch (d[1] & 0xf) {
394 		case 0x4:
395 			/* Relative target port */
396 			h->rel_port = (d[6] << 8) + d[7];
397 			break;
398 		case 0x5:
399 			/* Target port group */
400 			h->group_id = (d[6] << 8) + d[7];
401 			break;
402 		default:
403 			break;
404 		}
405 		d += d[3] + 4;
406 	}
407 
408 	if (h->group_id == -1) {
409 		/*
410 		 * Internal error; TPGS supported but required
411 		 * VPD identification descriptors not present.
412 		 * Disable ALUA support
413 		 */
414 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
415 			    "%s: No target port descriptors found\n",
416 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
417 		h->state = TPGS_STATE_OPTIMIZED;
418 		h->tpgs = TPGS_MODE_NONE;
419 		err = SCSI_DH_DEV_UNSUPP;
420 	} else {
421 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
422 			    "%s: port group %02x rel port %02x\n",
423 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, h->group_id, h->rel_port);
424 	}
425 
426 	return err;
427 }
428 
429 static char print_alua_state(int state)
430 {
431 	switch (state) {
432 	case TPGS_STATE_OPTIMIZED:
433 		return 'A';
434 	case TPGS_STATE_NONOPTIMIZED:
435 		return 'N';
436 	case TPGS_STATE_STANDBY:
437 		return 'S';
438 	case TPGS_STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
439 		return 'U';
440 	case TPGS_STATE_LBA_DEPENDENT:
441 		return 'L';
442 	case TPGS_STATE_OFFLINE:
443 		return 'O';
444 	case TPGS_STATE_TRANSITIONING:
445 		return 'T';
446 	default:
447 		return 'X';
448 	}
449 }
450 
451 static int alua_check_sense(struct scsi_device *sdev,
452 			    struct scsi_sense_hdr *sense_hdr)
453 {
454 	switch (sense_hdr->sense_key) {
455 	case NOT_READY:
456 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x0a)
457 			/*
458 			 * LUN Not Accessible - ALUA state transition
459 			 */
460 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
461 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x0b)
462 			/*
463 			 * LUN Not Accessible -- Target port in standby state
464 			 */
465 			return SUCCESS;
466 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x0c)
467 			/*
468 			 * LUN Not Accessible -- Target port in unavailable state
469 			 */
470 			return SUCCESS;
471 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x12)
472 			/*
473 			 * LUN Not Ready -- Offline
474 			 */
475 			return SUCCESS;
476 		if (sdev->allow_restart &&
477 		    sense_hdr->asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x02)
478 			/*
479 			 * if the device is not started, we need to wake
480 			 * the error handler to start the motor
481 			 */
482 			return FAILED;
483 		break;
484 	case UNIT_ATTENTION:
485 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x29 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x00)
486 			/*
487 			 * Power On, Reset, or Bus Device Reset, just retry.
488 			 */
489 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
490 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x29 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x04)
491 			/*
492 			 * Device internal reset
493 			 */
494 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
495 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x2a && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x01)
496 			/*
497 			 * Mode Parameters Changed
498 			 */
499 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
500 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x2a && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x06)
501 			/*
502 			 * ALUA state changed
503 			 */
504 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
505 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x2a && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x07)
506 			/*
507 			 * Implicit ALUA state transition failed
508 			 */
509 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
510 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x3f && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x03)
511 			/*
512 			 * Inquiry data has changed
513 			 */
514 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
515 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x3f && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x0e)
516 			/*
517 			 * REPORTED_LUNS_DATA_HAS_CHANGED is reported
518 			 * when switching controllers on targets like
519 			 * Intel Multi-Flex. We can just retry.
520 			 */
521 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
522 		break;
523 	}
524 
525 	return SCSI_RETURN_NOT_HANDLED;
526 }
527 
528 /*
529  * alua_rtpg - Evaluate REPORT TARGET GROUP STATES
530  * @sdev: the device to be evaluated.
531  * @wait_for_transition: if nonzero, wait ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT seconds for device to exit transitioning state
532  *
533  * Evaluate the Target Port Group State.
534  * Returns SCSI_DH_DEV_OFFLINED if the path is
535  * found to be unusable.
536  */
537 static int alua_rtpg(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h, int wait_for_transition)
538 {
539 	struct scsi_sense_hdr sense_hdr;
540 	int len, k, off, valid_states = 0;
541 	unsigned char *ucp;
542 	unsigned err;
543 	bool rtpg_ext_hdr_req = 1;
544 	unsigned long expiry, interval = 0;
545 	unsigned int tpg_desc_tbl_off;
546 	unsigned char orig_transition_tmo;
547 
548 	if (!h->transition_tmo)
549 		expiry = round_jiffies_up(jiffies + ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT * HZ);
550 	else
551 		expiry = round_jiffies_up(jiffies + h->transition_tmo * HZ);
552 
553  retry:
554 	err = submit_rtpg(sdev, h, rtpg_ext_hdr_req);
555 
556 	if (err == SCSI_DH_IO && h->senselen > 0) {
557 		err = scsi_normalize_sense(h->sense, SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE,
558 					   &sense_hdr);
559 		if (!err)
560 			return SCSI_DH_IO;
561 
562 		/*
563 		 * submit_rtpg() has failed on existing arrays
564 		 * when requesting extended header info, and
565 		 * the array doesn't support extended headers,
566 		 * even though it shouldn't according to T10.
567 		 * The retry without rtpg_ext_hdr_req set
568 		 * handles this.
569 		 */
570 		if (rtpg_ext_hdr_req == 1 &&
571 		    sense_hdr.sense_key == ILLEGAL_REQUEST &&
572 		    sense_hdr.asc == 0x24 && sense_hdr.ascq == 0) {
573 			rtpg_ext_hdr_req = 0;
574 			goto retry;
575 		}
576 
577 		err = alua_check_sense(sdev, &sense_hdr);
578 		if (err == ADD_TO_MLQUEUE && time_before(jiffies, expiry))
579 			goto retry;
580 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
581 			    "%s: rtpg sense code %02x/%02x/%02x\n",
582 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, sense_hdr.sense_key,
583 			    sense_hdr.asc, sense_hdr.ascq);
584 		err = SCSI_DH_IO;
585 	}
586 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK)
587 		return err;
588 
589 	len = (h->buff[0] << 24) + (h->buff[1] << 16) +
590 		(h->buff[2] << 8) + h->buff[3] + 4;
591 
592 	if (len > h->bufflen) {
593 		/* Resubmit with the correct length */
594 		if (realloc_buffer(h, len)) {
595 			sdev_printk(KERN_WARNING, sdev,
596 				    "%s: kmalloc buffer failed\n",__func__);
597 			/* Temporary failure, bypass */
598 			return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
599 		}
600 		goto retry;
601 	}
602 
603 	orig_transition_tmo = h->transition_tmo;
604 	if ((h->buff[4] & RTPG_FMT_MASK) == RTPG_FMT_EXT_HDR && h->buff[5] != 0)
605 		h->transition_tmo = h->buff[5];
606 	else
607 		h->transition_tmo = ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT;
608 
609 	if (wait_for_transition && (orig_transition_tmo != h->transition_tmo)) {
610 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
611 			    "%s: transition timeout set to %d seconds\n",
612 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, h->transition_tmo);
613 		expiry = jiffies + h->transition_tmo * HZ;
614 	}
615 
616 	if ((h->buff[4] & RTPG_FMT_MASK) == RTPG_FMT_EXT_HDR)
617 		tpg_desc_tbl_off = 8;
618 	else
619 		tpg_desc_tbl_off = 4;
620 
621 	for (k = tpg_desc_tbl_off, ucp = h->buff + tpg_desc_tbl_off;
622 	     k < len;
623 	     k += off, ucp += off) {
624 
625 		if (h->group_id == (ucp[2] << 8) + ucp[3]) {
626 			h->state = ucp[0] & 0x0f;
627 			h->pref = ucp[0] >> 7;
628 			valid_states = ucp[1];
629 		}
630 		off = 8 + (ucp[7] * 4);
631 	}
632 
633 	sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
634 		    "%s: port group %02x state %c %s supports %c%c%c%c%c%c%c\n",
635 		    ALUA_DH_NAME, h->group_id, print_alua_state(h->state),
636 		    h->pref ? "preferred" : "non-preferred",
637 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_TRANSITION?'T':'t',
638 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_OFFLINE?'O':'o',
639 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_LBA_DEPENDENT?'L':'l',
640 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_UNAVAILABLE?'U':'u',
641 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_STANDBY?'S':'s',
642 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_NONOPTIMIZED?'N':'n',
643 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_OPTIMIZED?'A':'a');
644 
645 	switch (h->state) {
646 	case TPGS_STATE_TRANSITIONING:
647 		if (wait_for_transition) {
648 			if (time_before(jiffies, expiry)) {
649 				/* State transition, retry */
650 				interval += 2000;
651 				msleep(interval);
652 				goto retry;
653 			}
654 			err = SCSI_DH_RETRY;
655 		} else {
656 			err = SCSI_DH_OK;
657 		}
658 
659 		/* Transitioning time exceeded, set port to standby */
660 		h->state = TPGS_STATE_STANDBY;
661 		break;
662 	case TPGS_STATE_OFFLINE:
663 		/* Path unusable */
664 		err = SCSI_DH_DEV_OFFLINED;
665 		break;
666 	default:
667 		/* Useable path if active */
668 		err = SCSI_DH_OK;
669 		break;
670 	}
671 	return err;
672 }
673 
674 /*
675  * alua_initialize - Initialize ALUA state
676  * @sdev: the device to be initialized
677  *
678  * For the prep_fn to work correctly we have
679  * to initialize the ALUA state for the device.
680  */
681 static int alua_initialize(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h)
682 {
683 	int err;
684 
685 	err = alua_check_tpgs(sdev, h);
686 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK)
687 		goto out;
688 
689 	err = alua_vpd_inquiry(sdev, h);
690 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK)
691 		goto out;
692 
693 	err = alua_rtpg(sdev, h, 0);
694 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK)
695 		goto out;
696 
697 out:
698 	return err;
699 }
700 /*
701  * alua_set_params - set/unset the optimize flag
702  * @sdev: device on the path to be activated
703  * params - parameters in the following format
704  *      "no_of_params\0param1\0param2\0param3\0...\0"
705  * For example, to set the flag pass the following parameters
706  * from multipath.conf
707  *     hardware_handler        "2 alua 1"
708  */
709 static int alua_set_params(struct scsi_device *sdev, const char *params)
710 {
711 	struct alua_dh_data *h = get_alua_data(sdev);
712 	unsigned int optimize = 0, argc;
713 	const char *p = params;
714 	int result = SCSI_DH_OK;
715 
716 	if ((sscanf(params, "%u", &argc) != 1) || (argc != 1))
717 		return -EINVAL;
718 
719 	while (*p++)
720 		;
721 	if ((sscanf(p, "%u", &optimize) != 1) || (optimize > 1))
722 		return -EINVAL;
723 
724 	if (optimize)
725 		h->flags |= ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG;
726 	else
727 		h->flags &= ~ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG;
728 
729 	return result;
730 }
731 
732 static uint optimize_stpg;
733 module_param(optimize_stpg, uint, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR);
734 MODULE_PARM_DESC(optimize_stpg, "Allow use of a non-optimized path, rather than sending a STPG, when implicit TPGS is supported (0=No,1=Yes). Default is 0.");
735 
736 /*
737  * alua_activate - activate a path
738  * @sdev: device on the path to be activated
739  *
740  * We're currently switching the port group to be activated only and
741  * let the array figure out the rest.
742  * There may be other arrays which require us to switch all port groups
743  * based on a certain policy. But until we actually encounter them it
744  * should be okay.
745  */
746 static int alua_activate(struct scsi_device *sdev,
747 			activate_complete fn, void *data)
748 {
749 	struct alua_dh_data *h = get_alua_data(sdev);
750 	int err = SCSI_DH_OK;
751 	int stpg = 0;
752 
753 	err = alua_rtpg(sdev, h, 1);
754 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK)
755 		goto out;
756 
757 	if (optimize_stpg)
758 		h->flags |= ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG;
759 
760 	if (h->tpgs & TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT) {
761 		switch (h->state) {
762 		case TPGS_STATE_NONOPTIMIZED:
763 			stpg = 1;
764 			if ((h->flags & ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG) &&
765 			    (!h->pref) &&
766 			    (h->tpgs & TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT))
767 				stpg = 0;
768 			break;
769 		case TPGS_STATE_STANDBY:
770 		case TPGS_STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
771 			stpg = 1;
772 			break;
773 		case TPGS_STATE_OFFLINE:
774 			err = SCSI_DH_IO;
775 			break;
776 		case TPGS_STATE_TRANSITIONING:
777 			err = SCSI_DH_RETRY;
778 			break;
779 		default:
780 			break;
781 		}
782 	}
783 
784 	if (stpg) {
785 		h->callback_fn = fn;
786 		h->callback_data = data;
787 		err = submit_stpg(h);
788 		if (err == SCSI_DH_OK)
789 			return 0;
790 		h->callback_fn = h->callback_data = NULL;
791 	}
792 
793 out:
794 	if (fn)
795 		fn(data, err);
796 	return 0;
797 }
798 
799 /*
800  * alua_prep_fn - request callback
801  *
802  * Fail I/O to all paths not in state
803  * active/optimized or active/non-optimized.
804  */
805 static int alua_prep_fn(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct request *req)
806 {
807 	struct alua_dh_data *h = get_alua_data(sdev);
808 	int ret = BLKPREP_OK;
809 
810 	if (h->state == TPGS_STATE_TRANSITIONING)
811 		ret = BLKPREP_DEFER;
812 	else if (h->state != TPGS_STATE_OPTIMIZED &&
813 		 h->state != TPGS_STATE_NONOPTIMIZED &&
814 		 h->state != TPGS_STATE_LBA_DEPENDENT) {
815 		ret = BLKPREP_KILL;
816 		req->cmd_flags |= REQ_QUIET;
817 	}
818 	return ret;
819 
820 }
821 
822 static bool alua_match(struct scsi_device *sdev)
823 {
824 	return (scsi_device_tpgs(sdev) != 0);
825 }
826 
827 /*
828  * alua_bus_attach - Attach device handler
829  * @sdev: device to be attached to
830  */
831 static struct scsi_dh_data *alua_bus_attach(struct scsi_device *sdev)
832 {
833 	struct alua_dh_data *h;
834 	int err;
835 
836 	h = kzalloc(sizeof(*h) , GFP_KERNEL);
837 	if (!h)
838 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
839 	h->tpgs = TPGS_MODE_UNINITIALIZED;
840 	h->state = TPGS_STATE_OPTIMIZED;
841 	h->group_id = -1;
842 	h->rel_port = -1;
843 	h->buff = h->inq;
844 	h->bufflen = ALUA_INQUIRY_SIZE;
845 	h->sdev = sdev;
846 
847 	err = alua_initialize(sdev, h);
848 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK && err != SCSI_DH_DEV_OFFLINED)
849 		goto failed;
850 
851 	sdev_printk(KERN_NOTICE, sdev, "%s: Attached\n", ALUA_DH_NAME);
852 	return &h->dh_data;
853 failed:
854 	kfree(h);
855 	return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
856 }
857 
858 /*
859  * alua_bus_detach - Detach device handler
860  * @sdev: device to be detached from
861  */
862 static void alua_bus_detach(struct scsi_device *sdev)
863 {
864 	struct alua_dh_data *h = get_alua_data(sdev);
865 
866 	if (h->buff && h->inq != h->buff)
867 		kfree(h->buff);
868 	kfree(h);
869 }
870 
871 static struct scsi_device_handler alua_dh = {
872 	.name = ALUA_DH_NAME,
873 	.module = THIS_MODULE,
874 	.attach = alua_bus_attach,
875 	.detach = alua_bus_detach,
876 	.prep_fn = alua_prep_fn,
877 	.check_sense = alua_check_sense,
878 	.activate = alua_activate,
879 	.set_params = alua_set_params,
880 	.match = alua_match,
881 };
882 
883 static int __init alua_init(void)
884 {
885 	int r;
886 
887 	r = scsi_register_device_handler(&alua_dh);
888 	if (r != 0)
889 		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Failed to register scsi device handler",
890 			ALUA_DH_NAME);
891 	return r;
892 }
893 
894 static void __exit alua_exit(void)
895 {
896 	scsi_unregister_device_handler(&alua_dh);
897 }
898 
899 module_init(alua_init);
900 module_exit(alua_exit);
901 
902 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DM Multipath ALUA support");
903 MODULE_AUTHOR("Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>");
904 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
905 MODULE_VERSION(ALUA_DH_VER);
906