xref: /linux/drivers/pci/vgaarb.c (revision 8e3ed5440b0c305dcd1d5fa7419bd8066d22ef42)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
2 /*
3  * vgaarb.c: Implements VGA arbitration. For details refer to
4  * Documentation/gpu/vgaarbiter.rst
5  *
6  * (C) Copyright 2005 Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
7  * (C) Copyright 2007 Paulo R. Zanoni <przanoni@gmail.com>
8  * (C) Copyright 2007, 2009 Tiago Vignatti <vignatti@freedesktop.org>
9  */
10 
11 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "vgaarb: " fmt
12 
13 #define vgaarb_dbg(dev, fmt, arg...)	dev_dbg(dev, "vgaarb: " fmt, ##arg)
14 #define vgaarb_info(dev, fmt, arg...)	dev_info(dev, "vgaarb: " fmt, ##arg)
15 #define vgaarb_err(dev, fmt, arg...)	dev_err(dev, "vgaarb: " fmt, ##arg)
16 
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/kernel.h>
19 #include <linux/pci.h>
20 #include <linux/errno.h>
21 #include <linux/init.h>
22 #include <linux/list.h>
23 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
24 #include <linux/wait.h>
25 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
26 #include <linux/poll.h>
27 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
28 #include <linux/slab.h>
29 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
30 #include <linux/vt.h>
31 #include <linux/console.h>
32 #include <linux/acpi.h>
33 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
34 #include <linux/vgaarb.h>
35 
36 static void vga_arbiter_notify_clients(void);
37 
38 /*
39  * We keep a list of all VGA devices in the system to speed
40  * up the various operations of the arbiter
41  */
42 struct vga_device {
43 	struct list_head list;
44 	struct pci_dev *pdev;
45 	unsigned int decodes;		/* what it decodes */
46 	unsigned int owns;		/* what it owns */
47 	unsigned int locks;		/* what it locks */
48 	unsigned int io_lock_cnt;	/* legacy IO lock count */
49 	unsigned int mem_lock_cnt;	/* legacy MEM lock count */
50 	unsigned int io_norm_cnt;	/* normal IO count */
51 	unsigned int mem_norm_cnt;	/* normal MEM count */
52 	bool bridge_has_one_vga;
53 	bool is_firmware_default;	/* device selected by firmware */
54 	unsigned int (*set_decode)(struct pci_dev *pdev, bool decode);
55 };
56 
57 static LIST_HEAD(vga_list);
58 static int vga_count, vga_decode_count;
59 static bool vga_arbiter_used;
60 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(vga_lock);
61 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(vga_wait_queue);
62 
63 static const char *vga_iostate_to_str(unsigned int iostate)
64 {
65 	/* Ignore VGA_RSRC_IO and VGA_RSRC_MEM */
66 	iostate &= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO | VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
67 	switch (iostate) {
68 	case VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO | VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM:
69 		return "io+mem";
70 	case VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO:
71 		return "io";
72 	case VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM:
73 		return "mem";
74 	}
75 	return "none";
76 }
77 
78 static int vga_str_to_iostate(char *buf, int str_size, unsigned int *io_state)
79 {
80 	/*
81 	 * In theory, we could hand out locks on IO and MEM separately to
82 	 * userspace, but this can cause deadlocks.
83 	 */
84 	if (strncmp(buf, "none", 4) == 0) {
85 		*io_state = VGA_RSRC_NONE;
86 		return 1;
87 	}
88 
89 	/* XXX We're not checking the str_size! */
90 	if (strncmp(buf, "io+mem", 6) == 0)
91 		goto both;
92 	else if (strncmp(buf, "io", 2) == 0)
93 		goto both;
94 	else if (strncmp(buf, "mem", 3) == 0)
95 		goto both;
96 	return 0;
97 both:
98 	*io_state = VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO | VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
99 	return 1;
100 }
101 
102 /* This is only used as a cookie, it should not be dereferenced */
103 static struct pci_dev *vga_default;
104 
105 /* Find somebody in our list */
106 static struct vga_device *vgadev_find(struct pci_dev *pdev)
107 {
108 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
109 
110 	list_for_each_entry(vgadev, &vga_list, list)
111 		if (pdev == vgadev->pdev)
112 			return vgadev;
113 	return NULL;
114 }
115 
116 /**
117  * vga_default_device - return the default VGA device, for vgacon
118  *
119  * This can be defined by the platform. The default implementation is
120  * rather dumb and will probably only work properly on single VGA card
121  * setups and/or x86 platforms.
122  *
123  * If your VGA default device is not PCI, you'll have to return NULL here.
124  * In this case, I assume it will not conflict with any PCI card. If this
125  * is not true, I'll have to define two arch hooks for enabling/disabling
126  * the VGA default device if that is possible. This may be a problem with
127  * real _ISA_ VGA cards, in addition to a PCI one. I don't know at this
128  * point how to deal with that card. Can their IOs be disabled at all? If
129  * not, then I suppose it's a matter of having the proper arch hook telling
130  * us about it, so we basically never allow anybody to succeed a vga_get().
131  */
132 struct pci_dev *vga_default_device(void)
133 {
134 	return vga_default;
135 }
136 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vga_default_device);
137 
138 void vga_set_default_device(struct pci_dev *pdev)
139 {
140 	if (vga_default == pdev)
141 		return;
142 
143 	pci_dev_put(vga_default);
144 	vga_default = pci_dev_get(pdev);
145 }
146 
147 /**
148  * vga_remove_vgacon - deactivate VGA console
149  *
150  * Unbind and unregister vgacon in case pdev is the default VGA device.
151  * Can be called by GPU drivers on initialization to make sure VGA register
152  * access done by vgacon will not disturb the device.
153  *
154  * @pdev: PCI device.
155  */
156 #if !defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
157 int vga_remove_vgacon(struct pci_dev *pdev)
158 {
159 	return 0;
160 }
161 #elif !defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
162 int vga_remove_vgacon(struct pci_dev *pdev)
163 {
164 	return -ENODEV;
165 }
166 #else
167 int vga_remove_vgacon(struct pci_dev *pdev)
168 {
169 	int ret = 0;
170 
171 	if (pdev != vga_default)
172 		return 0;
173 	vgaarb_info(&pdev->dev, "deactivate vga console\n");
174 
175 	console_lock();
176 	if (con_is_bound(&vga_con))
177 		ret = do_take_over_console(&dummy_con, 0,
178 					   MAX_NR_CONSOLES - 1, 1);
179 	if (ret == 0) {
180 		ret = do_unregister_con_driver(&vga_con);
181 
182 		/* Ignore "already unregistered". */
183 		if (ret == -ENODEV)
184 			ret = 0;
185 	}
186 	console_unlock();
187 
188 	return ret;
189 }
190 #endif
191 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vga_remove_vgacon);
192 
193 /*
194  * If we don't ever use VGA arbitration, we should avoid turning off
195  * anything anywhere due to old X servers getting confused about the boot
196  * device not being VGA.
197  */
198 static void vga_check_first_use(void)
199 {
200 	/*
201 	 * Inform all GPUs in the system that VGA arbitration has occurred
202 	 * so they can disable resources if possible.
203 	 */
204 	if (!vga_arbiter_used) {
205 		vga_arbiter_used = true;
206 		vga_arbiter_notify_clients();
207 	}
208 }
209 
210 static struct vga_device *__vga_tryget(struct vga_device *vgadev,
211 				       unsigned int rsrc)
212 {
213 	struct device *dev = &vgadev->pdev->dev;
214 	unsigned int wants, legacy_wants, match;
215 	struct vga_device *conflict;
216 	unsigned int pci_bits;
217 	u32 flags = 0;
218 
219 	/*
220 	 * Account for "normal" resources to lock. If we decode the legacy,
221 	 * counterpart, we need to request it as well
222 	 */
223 	if ((rsrc & VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_IO) &&
224 	    (vgadev->decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO))
225 		rsrc |= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO;
226 	if ((rsrc & VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_MEM) &&
227 	    (vgadev->decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM))
228 		rsrc |= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
229 
230 	vgaarb_dbg(dev, "%s: %d\n", __func__, rsrc);
231 	vgaarb_dbg(dev, "%s: owns: %d\n", __func__, vgadev->owns);
232 
233 	/* Check what resources we need to acquire */
234 	wants = rsrc & ~vgadev->owns;
235 
236 	/* We already own everything, just mark locked & bye bye */
237 	if (wants == 0)
238 		goto lock_them;
239 
240 	/*
241 	 * We don't need to request a legacy resource, we just enable
242 	 * appropriate decoding and go.
243 	 */
244 	legacy_wants = wants & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK;
245 	if (legacy_wants == 0)
246 		goto enable_them;
247 
248 	/* Ok, we don't, let's find out who we need to kick off */
249 	list_for_each_entry(conflict, &vga_list, list) {
250 		unsigned int lwants = legacy_wants;
251 		unsigned int change_bridge = 0;
252 
253 		/* Don't conflict with myself */
254 		if (vgadev == conflict)
255 			continue;
256 
257 		/*
258 		 * We have a possible conflict. Before we go further, we must
259 		 * check if we sit on the same bus as the conflicting device.
260 		 * If we don't, then we must tie both IO and MEM resources
261 		 * together since there is only a single bit controlling
262 		 * VGA forwarding on P2P bridges.
263 		 */
264 		if (vgadev->pdev->bus != conflict->pdev->bus) {
265 			change_bridge = 1;
266 			lwants = VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO | VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
267 		}
268 
269 		/*
270 		 * Check if the guy has a lock on the resource. If he does,
271 		 * return the conflicting entry.
272 		 */
273 		if (conflict->locks & lwants)
274 			return conflict;
275 
276 		/*
277 		 * Ok, now check if it owns the resource we want.  We can
278 		 * lock resources that are not decoded; therefore a device
279 		 * can own resources it doesn't decode.
280 		 */
281 		match = lwants & conflict->owns;
282 		if (!match)
283 			continue;
284 
285 		/*
286 		 * Looks like he doesn't have a lock, we can steal them
287 		 * from him.
288 		 */
289 
290 		flags = 0;
291 		pci_bits = 0;
292 
293 		/*
294 		 * If we can't control legacy resources via the bridge, we
295 		 * also need to disable normal decoding.
296 		 */
297 		if (!conflict->bridge_has_one_vga) {
298 			if ((match & conflict->decodes) & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM)
299 				pci_bits |= PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY;
300 			if ((match & conflict->decodes) & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO)
301 				pci_bits |= PCI_COMMAND_IO;
302 
303 			if (pci_bits)
304 				flags |= PCI_VGA_STATE_CHANGE_DECODES;
305 		}
306 
307 		if (change_bridge)
308 			flags |= PCI_VGA_STATE_CHANGE_BRIDGE;
309 
310 		pci_set_vga_state(conflict->pdev, false, pci_bits, flags);
311 		conflict->owns &= ~match;
312 
313 		/* If we disabled normal decoding, reflect it in owns */
314 		if (pci_bits & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)
315 			conflict->owns &= ~VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_MEM;
316 		if (pci_bits & PCI_COMMAND_IO)
317 			conflict->owns &= ~VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_IO;
318 	}
319 
320 enable_them:
321 	/*
322 	 * Ok, we got it, everybody conflicting has been disabled, let's
323 	 * enable us.  Mark any bits in "owns" regardless of whether we
324 	 * decoded them.  We can lock resources we don't decode, therefore
325 	 * we must track them via "owns".
326 	 */
327 	flags = 0;
328 	pci_bits = 0;
329 
330 	if (!vgadev->bridge_has_one_vga) {
331 		flags |= PCI_VGA_STATE_CHANGE_DECODES;
332 		if (wants & (VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM|VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_MEM))
333 			pci_bits |= PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY;
334 		if (wants & (VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO|VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_IO))
335 			pci_bits |= PCI_COMMAND_IO;
336 	}
337 	if (wants & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK)
338 		flags |= PCI_VGA_STATE_CHANGE_BRIDGE;
339 
340 	pci_set_vga_state(vgadev->pdev, true, pci_bits, flags);
341 
342 	vgadev->owns |= wants;
343 lock_them:
344 	vgadev->locks |= (rsrc & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK);
345 	if (rsrc & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO)
346 		vgadev->io_lock_cnt++;
347 	if (rsrc & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM)
348 		vgadev->mem_lock_cnt++;
349 	if (rsrc & VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_IO)
350 		vgadev->io_norm_cnt++;
351 	if (rsrc & VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_MEM)
352 		vgadev->mem_norm_cnt++;
353 
354 	return NULL;
355 }
356 
357 static void __vga_put(struct vga_device *vgadev, unsigned int rsrc)
358 {
359 	struct device *dev = &vgadev->pdev->dev;
360 	unsigned int old_locks = vgadev->locks;
361 
362 	vgaarb_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
363 
364 	/*
365 	 * Update our counters and account for equivalent legacy resources
366 	 * if we decode them.
367 	 */
368 	if ((rsrc & VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_IO) && vgadev->io_norm_cnt > 0) {
369 		vgadev->io_norm_cnt--;
370 		if (vgadev->decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO)
371 			rsrc |= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO;
372 	}
373 	if ((rsrc & VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_MEM) && vgadev->mem_norm_cnt > 0) {
374 		vgadev->mem_norm_cnt--;
375 		if (vgadev->decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM)
376 			rsrc |= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
377 	}
378 	if ((rsrc & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO) && vgadev->io_lock_cnt > 0)
379 		vgadev->io_lock_cnt--;
380 	if ((rsrc & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM) && vgadev->mem_lock_cnt > 0)
381 		vgadev->mem_lock_cnt--;
382 
383 	/*
384 	 * Just clear lock bits, we do lazy operations so we don't really
385 	 * have to bother about anything else at this point.
386 	 */
387 	if (vgadev->io_lock_cnt == 0)
388 		vgadev->locks &= ~VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO;
389 	if (vgadev->mem_lock_cnt == 0)
390 		vgadev->locks &= ~VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
391 
392 	/*
393 	 * Kick the wait queue in case somebody was waiting if we actually
394 	 * released something.
395 	 */
396 	if (old_locks != vgadev->locks)
397 		wake_up_all(&vga_wait_queue);
398 }
399 
400 /**
401  * vga_get - acquire & lock VGA resources
402  * @pdev: PCI device of the VGA card or NULL for the system default
403  * @rsrc: bit mask of resources to acquire and lock
404  * @interruptible: blocking should be interruptible by signals ?
405  *
406  * Acquire VGA resources for the given card and mark those resources
407  * locked. If the resources requested are "normal" (and not legacy)
408  * resources, the arbiter will first check whether the card is doing legacy
409  * decoding for that type of resource. If yes, the lock is "converted" into
410  * a legacy resource lock.
411  *
412  * The arbiter will first look for all VGA cards that might conflict and disable
413  * their IOs and/or Memory access, including VGA forwarding on P2P bridges if
414  * necessary, so that the requested resources can be used. Then, the card is
415  * marked as locking these resources and the IO and/or Memory accesses are
416  * enabled on the card (including VGA forwarding on parent P2P bridges if any).
417  *
418  * This function will block if some conflicting card is already locking one of
419  * the required resources (or any resource on a different bus segment, since P2P
420  * bridges don't differentiate VGA memory and IO afaik). You can indicate
421  * whether this blocking should be interruptible by a signal (for userland
422  * interface) or not.
423  *
424  * Must not be called at interrupt time or in atomic context.  If the card
425  * already owns the resources, the function succeeds.  Nested calls are
426  * supported (a per-resource counter is maintained)
427  *
428  * On success, release the VGA resource again with vga_put().
429  *
430  * Returns:
431  *
432  * 0 on success, negative error code on failure.
433  */
434 int vga_get(struct pci_dev *pdev, unsigned int rsrc, int interruptible)
435 {
436 	struct vga_device *vgadev, *conflict;
437 	unsigned long flags;
438 	wait_queue_entry_t wait;
439 	int rc = 0;
440 
441 	vga_check_first_use();
442 	/* The caller should check for this, but let's be sure */
443 	if (pdev == NULL)
444 		pdev = vga_default_device();
445 	if (pdev == NULL)
446 		return 0;
447 
448 	for (;;) {
449 		spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
450 		vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
451 		if (vgadev == NULL) {
452 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
453 			rc = -ENODEV;
454 			break;
455 		}
456 		conflict = __vga_tryget(vgadev, rsrc);
457 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
458 		if (conflict == NULL)
459 			break;
460 
461 		/*
462 		 * We have a conflict; we wait until somebody kicks the
463 		 * work queue. Currently we have one work queue that we
464 		 * kick each time some resources are released, but it would
465 		 * be fairly easy to have a per-device one so that we only
466 		 * need to attach to the conflicting device.
467 		 */
468 		init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
469 		add_wait_queue(&vga_wait_queue, &wait);
470 		set_current_state(interruptible ?
471 				  TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE :
472 				  TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
473 		if (interruptible && signal_pending(current)) {
474 			__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
475 			remove_wait_queue(&vga_wait_queue, &wait);
476 			rc = -ERESTARTSYS;
477 			break;
478 		}
479 		schedule();
480 		remove_wait_queue(&vga_wait_queue, &wait);
481 	}
482 	return rc;
483 }
484 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vga_get);
485 
486 /**
487  * vga_tryget - try to acquire & lock legacy VGA resources
488  * @pdev: PCI device of VGA card or NULL for system default
489  * @rsrc: bit mask of resources to acquire and lock
490  *
491  * Perform the same operation as vga_get(), but return an error (-EBUSY)
492  * instead of blocking if the resources are already locked by another card.
493  * Can be called in any context.
494  *
495  * On success, release the VGA resource again with vga_put().
496  *
497  * Returns:
498  *
499  * 0 on success, negative error code on failure.
500  */
501 static int vga_tryget(struct pci_dev *pdev, unsigned int rsrc)
502 {
503 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
504 	unsigned long flags;
505 	int rc = 0;
506 
507 	vga_check_first_use();
508 
509 	/* The caller should check for this, but let's be sure */
510 	if (pdev == NULL)
511 		pdev = vga_default_device();
512 	if (pdev == NULL)
513 		return 0;
514 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
515 	vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
516 	if (vgadev == NULL) {
517 		rc = -ENODEV;
518 		goto bail;
519 	}
520 	if (__vga_tryget(vgadev, rsrc))
521 		rc = -EBUSY;
522 bail:
523 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
524 	return rc;
525 }
526 
527 /**
528  * vga_put - release lock on legacy VGA resources
529  * @pdev: PCI device of VGA card or NULL for system default
530  * @rsrc: bit mask of resource to release
531  *
532  * Release resources previously locked by vga_get() or vga_tryget().  The
533  * resources aren't disabled right away, so that a subsequent vga_get() on
534  * the same card will succeed immediately.  Resources have a counter, so
535  * locks are only released if the counter reaches 0.
536  */
537 void vga_put(struct pci_dev *pdev, unsigned int rsrc)
538 {
539 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
540 	unsigned long flags;
541 
542 	/* The caller should check for this, but let's be sure */
543 	if (pdev == NULL)
544 		pdev = vga_default_device();
545 	if (pdev == NULL)
546 		return;
547 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
548 	vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
549 	if (vgadev == NULL)
550 		goto bail;
551 	__vga_put(vgadev, rsrc);
552 bail:
553 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
554 }
555 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vga_put);
556 
557 static bool vga_is_firmware_default(struct pci_dev *pdev)
558 {
559 #if defined(CONFIG_X86)
560 	u64 base = screen_info.lfb_base;
561 	u64 size = screen_info.lfb_size;
562 	struct resource *r;
563 	u64 limit;
564 
565 	/* Select the device owning the boot framebuffer if there is one */
566 
567 	if (screen_info.capabilities & VIDEO_CAPABILITY_64BIT_BASE)
568 		base |= (u64)screen_info.ext_lfb_base << 32;
569 
570 	limit = base + size;
571 
572 	/* Does firmware framebuffer belong to us? */
573 	pci_dev_for_each_resource(pdev, r) {
574 		if (resource_type(r) != IORESOURCE_MEM)
575 			continue;
576 
577 		if (!r->start || !r->end)
578 			continue;
579 
580 		if (base < r->start || limit >= r->end)
581 			continue;
582 
583 		return true;
584 	}
585 #endif
586 	return false;
587 }
588 
589 static bool vga_arb_integrated_gpu(struct device *dev)
590 {
591 #if defined(CONFIG_ACPI)
592 	struct acpi_device *adev = ACPI_COMPANION(dev);
593 
594 	return adev && !strcmp(acpi_device_hid(adev), ACPI_VIDEO_HID);
595 #else
596 	return false;
597 #endif
598 }
599 
600 /*
601  * Return true if vgadev is a better default VGA device than the best one
602  * we've seen so far.
603  */
604 static bool vga_is_boot_device(struct vga_device *vgadev)
605 {
606 	struct vga_device *boot_vga = vgadev_find(vga_default_device());
607 	struct pci_dev *pdev = vgadev->pdev;
608 	u16 cmd, boot_cmd;
609 
610 	/*
611 	 * We select the default VGA device in this order:
612 	 *   Firmware framebuffer (see vga_arb_select_default_device())
613 	 *   Legacy VGA device (owns VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK)
614 	 *   Non-legacy integrated device (see vga_arb_select_default_device())
615 	 *   Non-legacy discrete device (see vga_arb_select_default_device())
616 	 *   Other device (see vga_arb_select_default_device())
617 	 */
618 
619 	/*
620 	 * We always prefer a firmware default device, so if we've already
621 	 * found one, there's no need to consider vgadev.
622 	 */
623 	if (boot_vga && boot_vga->is_firmware_default)
624 		return false;
625 
626 	if (vga_is_firmware_default(pdev)) {
627 		vgadev->is_firmware_default = true;
628 		return true;
629 	}
630 
631 	/*
632 	 * A legacy VGA device has MEM and IO enabled and any bridges
633 	 * leading to it have PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA enabled so the legacy
634 	 * resources ([mem 0xa0000-0xbffff], [io 0x3b0-0x3bb], etc) are
635 	 * routed to it.
636 	 *
637 	 * We use the first one we find, so if we've already found one,
638 	 * vgadev is no better.
639 	 */
640 	if (boot_vga &&
641 	    (boot_vga->owns & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK) == VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK)
642 		return false;
643 
644 	if ((vgadev->owns & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK) == VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK)
645 		return true;
646 
647 	/*
648 	 * If we haven't found a legacy VGA device, accept a non-legacy
649 	 * device.  It may have either IO or MEM enabled, and bridges may
650 	 * not have PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA enabled, so it may not be able to
651 	 * use legacy VGA resources.  Prefer an integrated GPU over others.
652 	 */
653 	pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
654 	if (cmd & (PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
655 
656 		/*
657 		 * An integrated GPU overrides a previous non-legacy
658 		 * device.  We expect only a single integrated GPU, but if
659 		 * there are more, we use the *last* because that was the
660 		 * previous behavior.
661 		 */
662 		if (vga_arb_integrated_gpu(&pdev->dev))
663 			return true;
664 
665 		/*
666 		 * We prefer the first non-legacy discrete device we find.
667 		 * If we already found one, vgadev is no better.
668 		 */
669 		if (boot_vga) {
670 			pci_read_config_word(boot_vga->pdev, PCI_COMMAND,
671 					     &boot_cmd);
672 			if (boot_cmd & (PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY))
673 				return false;
674 		}
675 		return true;
676 	}
677 
678 	/*
679 	 * Vgadev has neither IO nor MEM enabled.  If we haven't found any
680 	 * other VGA devices, it is the best candidate so far.
681 	 */
682 	if (!boot_vga)
683 		return true;
684 
685 	return false;
686 }
687 
688 /*
689  * Rules for using a bridge to control a VGA descendant decoding: if a bridge
690  * has only one VGA descendant then it can be used to control the VGA routing
691  * for that device. It should always use the bridge closest to the device to
692  * control it. If a bridge has a direct VGA descendant, but also have a sub-
693  * bridge VGA descendant then we cannot use that bridge to control the direct
694  * VGA descendant. So for every device we register, we need to iterate all
695  * its parent bridges so we can invalidate any devices using them properly.
696  */
697 static void vga_arbiter_check_bridge_sharing(struct vga_device *vgadev)
698 {
699 	struct vga_device *same_bridge_vgadev;
700 	struct pci_bus *new_bus, *bus;
701 	struct pci_dev *new_bridge, *bridge;
702 
703 	vgadev->bridge_has_one_vga = true;
704 
705 	if (list_empty(&vga_list)) {
706 		vgaarb_info(&vgadev->pdev->dev, "bridge control possible\n");
707 		return;
708 	}
709 
710 	/* Iterate the new device's bridge hierarchy */
711 	new_bus = vgadev->pdev->bus;
712 	while (new_bus) {
713 		new_bridge = new_bus->self;
714 
715 		/* Go through list of devices already registered */
716 		list_for_each_entry(same_bridge_vgadev, &vga_list, list) {
717 			bus = same_bridge_vgadev->pdev->bus;
718 			bridge = bus->self;
719 
720 			/* See if it shares a bridge with this device */
721 			if (new_bridge == bridge) {
722 				/*
723 				 * If its direct parent bridge is the same
724 				 * as any bridge of this device then it can't
725 				 * be used for that device.
726 				 */
727 				same_bridge_vgadev->bridge_has_one_vga = false;
728 			}
729 
730 			/*
731 			 * Now iterate the previous device's bridge hierarchy.
732 			 * If the new device's parent bridge is in the other
733 			 * device's hierarchy, we can't use it to control this
734 			 * device.
735 			 */
736 			while (bus) {
737 				bridge = bus->self;
738 
739 				if (bridge && bridge == vgadev->pdev->bus->self)
740 					vgadev->bridge_has_one_vga = false;
741 
742 				bus = bus->parent;
743 			}
744 		}
745 		new_bus = new_bus->parent;
746 	}
747 
748 	if (vgadev->bridge_has_one_vga)
749 		vgaarb_info(&vgadev->pdev->dev, "bridge control possible\n");
750 	else
751 		vgaarb_info(&vgadev->pdev->dev, "no bridge control possible\n");
752 }
753 
754 /*
755  * Currently, we assume that the "initial" setup of the system is not sane,
756  * that is, we come up with conflicting devices and let the arbiter's
757  * client decide if devices decodes legacy things or not.
758  */
759 static bool vga_arbiter_add_pci_device(struct pci_dev *pdev)
760 {
761 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
762 	unsigned long flags;
763 	struct pci_bus *bus;
764 	struct pci_dev *bridge;
765 	u16 cmd;
766 
767 	/* Allocate structure */
768 	vgadev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vga_device), GFP_KERNEL);
769 	if (vgadev == NULL) {
770 		vgaarb_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to allocate VGA arbiter data\n");
771 		/*
772 		 * What to do on allocation failure? For now, let's just do
773 		 * nothing, I'm not sure there is anything saner to be done.
774 		 */
775 		return false;
776 	}
777 
778 	/* Take lock & check for duplicates */
779 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
780 	if (vgadev_find(pdev) != NULL) {
781 		BUG_ON(1);
782 		goto fail;
783 	}
784 	vgadev->pdev = pdev;
785 
786 	/* By default, assume we decode everything */
787 	vgadev->decodes = VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO | VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM |
788 			  VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_IO | VGA_RSRC_NORMAL_MEM;
789 
790 	/* By default, mark it as decoding */
791 	vga_decode_count++;
792 
793 	/*
794 	 * Mark that we "own" resources based on our enables, we will
795 	 * clear that below if the bridge isn't forwarding.
796 	 */
797 	pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
798 	if (cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO)
799 		vgadev->owns |= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO;
800 	if (cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)
801 		vgadev->owns |= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
802 
803 	/* Check if VGA cycles can get down to us */
804 	bus = pdev->bus;
805 	while (bus) {
806 		bridge = bus->self;
807 		if (bridge) {
808 			u16 l;
809 
810 			pci_read_config_word(bridge, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL, &l);
811 			if (!(l & PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA)) {
812 				vgadev->owns = 0;
813 				break;
814 			}
815 		}
816 		bus = bus->parent;
817 	}
818 
819 	if (vga_is_boot_device(vgadev)) {
820 		vgaarb_info(&pdev->dev, "setting as boot VGA device%s\n",
821 			    vga_default_device() ?
822 			    " (overriding previous)" : "");
823 		vga_set_default_device(pdev);
824 	}
825 
826 	vga_arbiter_check_bridge_sharing(vgadev);
827 
828 	/* Add to the list */
829 	list_add_tail(&vgadev->list, &vga_list);
830 	vga_count++;
831 	vgaarb_info(&pdev->dev, "VGA device added: decodes=%s,owns=%s,locks=%s\n",
832 		vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->decodes),
833 		vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->owns),
834 		vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->locks));
835 
836 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
837 	return true;
838 fail:
839 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
840 	kfree(vgadev);
841 	return false;
842 }
843 
844 static bool vga_arbiter_del_pci_device(struct pci_dev *pdev)
845 {
846 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
847 	unsigned long flags;
848 	bool ret = true;
849 
850 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
851 	vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
852 	if (vgadev == NULL) {
853 		ret = false;
854 		goto bail;
855 	}
856 
857 	if (vga_default == pdev)
858 		vga_set_default_device(NULL);
859 
860 	if (vgadev->decodes & (VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO | VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM))
861 		vga_decode_count--;
862 
863 	/* Remove entry from list */
864 	list_del(&vgadev->list);
865 	vga_count--;
866 
867 	/* Wake up all possible waiters */
868 	wake_up_all(&vga_wait_queue);
869 bail:
870 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
871 	kfree(vgadev);
872 	return ret;
873 }
874 
875 /* Called with the lock */
876 static void vga_update_device_decodes(struct vga_device *vgadev,
877 				      unsigned int new_decodes)
878 {
879 	struct device *dev = &vgadev->pdev->dev;
880 	unsigned int old_decodes = vgadev->decodes;
881 	unsigned int decodes_removed = ~new_decodes & old_decodes;
882 	unsigned int decodes_unlocked = vgadev->locks & decodes_removed;
883 
884 	vgadev->decodes = new_decodes;
885 
886 	vgaarb_info(dev, "VGA decodes changed: olddecodes=%s,decodes=%s:owns=%s\n",
887 		    vga_iostate_to_str(old_decodes),
888 		    vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->decodes),
889 		    vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->owns));
890 
891 	/* If we removed locked decodes, lock count goes to zero, and release */
892 	if (decodes_unlocked) {
893 		if (decodes_unlocked & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO)
894 			vgadev->io_lock_cnt = 0;
895 		if (decodes_unlocked & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM)
896 			vgadev->mem_lock_cnt = 0;
897 		__vga_put(vgadev, decodes_unlocked);
898 	}
899 
900 	/* Change decodes counter */
901 	if (old_decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK &&
902 	    !(new_decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK))
903 		vga_decode_count--;
904 	if (!(old_decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK) &&
905 	    new_decodes & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK)
906 		vga_decode_count++;
907 	vgaarb_dbg(dev, "decoding count now is: %d\n", vga_decode_count);
908 }
909 
910 static void __vga_set_legacy_decoding(struct pci_dev *pdev,
911 				      unsigned int decodes,
912 				      bool userspace)
913 {
914 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
915 	unsigned long flags;
916 
917 	decodes &= VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MASK;
918 
919 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
920 	vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
921 	if (vgadev == NULL)
922 		goto bail;
923 
924 	/* Don't let userspace futz with kernel driver decodes */
925 	if (userspace && vgadev->set_decode)
926 		goto bail;
927 
928 	/* Update the device decodes + counter */
929 	vga_update_device_decodes(vgadev, decodes);
930 
931 	/*
932 	 * XXX If somebody is going from "doesn't decode" to "decodes"
933 	 * state here, additional care must be taken as we may have pending
934 	 * ownership of non-legacy region.
935 	 */
936 bail:
937 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
938 }
939 
940 /**
941  * vga_set_legacy_decoding
942  * @pdev: PCI device of the VGA card
943  * @decodes: bit mask of what legacy regions the card decodes
944  *
945  * Indicate to the arbiter if the card decodes legacy VGA IOs, legacy VGA
946  * Memory, both, or none. All cards default to both, the card driver (fbdev for
947  * example) should tell the arbiter if it has disabled legacy decoding, so the
948  * card can be left out of the arbitration process (and can be safe to take
949  * interrupts at any time.
950  */
951 void vga_set_legacy_decoding(struct pci_dev *pdev, unsigned int decodes)
952 {
953 	__vga_set_legacy_decoding(pdev, decodes, false);
954 }
955 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vga_set_legacy_decoding);
956 
957 /**
958  * vga_client_register - register or unregister a VGA arbitration client
959  * @pdev: PCI device of the VGA client
960  * @set_decode: VGA decode change callback
961  *
962  * Clients have two callback mechanisms they can use.
963  *
964  * @set_decode callback: If a client can disable its GPU VGA resource, it
965  * will get a callback from this to set the encode/decode state.
966  *
967  * Rationale: we cannot disable VGA decode resources unconditionally
968  * because some single GPU laptops seem to require ACPI or BIOS access to
969  * the VGA registers to control things like backlights etc. Hopefully newer
970  * multi-GPU laptops do something saner, and desktops won't have any
971  * special ACPI for this. The driver will get a callback when VGA
972  * arbitration is first used by userspace since some older X servers have
973  * issues.
974  *
975  * Does not check whether a client for @pdev has been registered already.
976  *
977  * To unregister, call vga_client_unregister().
978  *
979  * Returns: 0 on success, -ENODEV on failure
980  */
981 int vga_client_register(struct pci_dev *pdev,
982 		unsigned int (*set_decode)(struct pci_dev *pdev, bool decode))
983 {
984 	unsigned long flags;
985 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
986 
987 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
988 	vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
989 	if (vgadev)
990 		vgadev->set_decode = set_decode;
991 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
992 	if (!vgadev)
993 		return -ENODEV;
994 	return 0;
995 }
996 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vga_client_register);
997 
998 /*
999  * Char driver implementation
1000  *
1001  * Semantics is:
1002  *
1003  *  open       : Open user instance of the arbiter. By default, it's
1004  *                attached to the default VGA device of the system.
1005  *
1006  *  close      : Close user instance, release locks
1007  *
1008  *  read       : Return a string indicating the status of the target.
1009  *                An IO state string is of the form {io,mem,io+mem,none},
1010  *                mc and ic are respectively mem and io lock counts (for
1011  *                debugging/diagnostic only). "decodes" indicate what the
1012  *                card currently decodes, "owns" indicates what is currently
1013  *                enabled on it, and "locks" indicates what is locked by this
1014  *                card. If the card is unplugged, we get "invalid" then for
1015  *                card_ID and an -ENODEV error is returned for any command
1016  *                until a new card is targeted
1017  *
1018  *   "<card_ID>,decodes=<io_state>,owns=<io_state>,locks=<io_state> (ic,mc)"
1019  *
1020  * write       : write a command to the arbiter. List of commands is:
1021  *
1022  *   target <card_ID>   : switch target to card <card_ID> (see below)
1023  *   lock <io_state>    : acquire locks on target ("none" is invalid io_state)
1024  *   trylock <io_state> : non-blocking acquire locks on target
1025  *   unlock <io_state>  : release locks on target
1026  *   unlock all         : release all locks on target held by this user
1027  *   decodes <io_state> : set the legacy decoding attributes for the card
1028  *
1029  * poll         : event if something change on any card (not just the target)
1030  *
1031  * card_ID is of the form "PCI:domain:bus:dev.fn". It can be set to "default"
1032  * to go back to the system default card (TODO: not implemented yet).
1033  * Currently, only PCI is supported as a prefix, but the userland API may
1034  * support other bus types in the future, even if the current kernel
1035  * implementation doesn't.
1036  *
1037  * Note about locks:
1038  *
1039  * The driver keeps track of which user has what locks on which card. It
1040  * supports stacking, like the kernel one. This complicates the implementation
1041  * a bit, but makes the arbiter more tolerant to userspace problems and able
1042  * to properly cleanup in all cases when a process dies.
1043  * Currently, a max of 16 cards simultaneously can have locks issued from
1044  * userspace for a given user (file descriptor instance) of the arbiter.
1045  *
1046  * If the device is hot-unplugged, there is a hook inside the module to notify
1047  * it being added/removed in the system and automatically added/removed in
1048  * the arbiter.
1049  */
1050 
1051 #define MAX_USER_CARDS         CONFIG_VGA_ARB_MAX_GPUS
1052 #define PCI_INVALID_CARD       ((struct pci_dev *)-1UL)
1053 
1054 /* Each user has an array of these, tracking which cards have locks */
1055 struct vga_arb_user_card {
1056 	struct pci_dev *pdev;
1057 	unsigned int mem_cnt;
1058 	unsigned int io_cnt;
1059 };
1060 
1061 struct vga_arb_private {
1062 	struct list_head list;
1063 	struct pci_dev *target;
1064 	struct vga_arb_user_card cards[MAX_USER_CARDS];
1065 	spinlock_t lock;
1066 };
1067 
1068 static LIST_HEAD(vga_user_list);
1069 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(vga_user_lock);
1070 
1071 
1072 /*
1073  * Take a string in the format: "PCI:domain:bus:dev.fn" and return the
1074  * respective values. If the string is not in this format, return 0.
1075  */
1076 static int vga_pci_str_to_vars(char *buf, int count, unsigned int *domain,
1077 			       unsigned int *bus, unsigned int *devfn)
1078 {
1079 	int n;
1080 	unsigned int slot, func;
1081 
1082 	n = sscanf(buf, "PCI:%x:%x:%x.%x", domain, bus, &slot, &func);
1083 	if (n != 4)
1084 		return 0;
1085 
1086 	*devfn = PCI_DEVFN(slot, func);
1087 
1088 	return 1;
1089 }
1090 
1091 static ssize_t vga_arb_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
1092 			    size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1093 {
1094 	struct vga_arb_private *priv = file->private_data;
1095 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
1096 	struct pci_dev *pdev;
1097 	unsigned long flags;
1098 	size_t len;
1099 	int rc;
1100 	char *lbuf;
1101 
1102 	lbuf = kmalloc(1024, GFP_KERNEL);
1103 	if (lbuf == NULL)
1104 		return -ENOMEM;
1105 
1106 	/* Protect vga_list */
1107 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
1108 
1109 	/* If we are targeting the default, use it */
1110 	pdev = priv->target;
1111 	if (pdev == NULL || pdev == PCI_INVALID_CARD) {
1112 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
1113 		len = sprintf(lbuf, "invalid");
1114 		goto done;
1115 	}
1116 
1117 	/* Find card vgadev structure */
1118 	vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
1119 	if (vgadev == NULL) {
1120 		/*
1121 		 * Wow, it's not in the list, that shouldn't happen, let's
1122 		 * fix us up and return invalid card.
1123 		 */
1124 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
1125 		len = sprintf(lbuf, "invalid");
1126 		goto done;
1127 	}
1128 
1129 	/* Fill the buffer with info */
1130 	len = snprintf(lbuf, 1024,
1131 		       "count:%d,PCI:%s,decodes=%s,owns=%s,locks=%s(%u:%u)\n",
1132 		       vga_decode_count, pci_name(pdev),
1133 		       vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->decodes),
1134 		       vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->owns),
1135 		       vga_iostate_to_str(vgadev->locks),
1136 		       vgadev->io_lock_cnt, vgadev->mem_lock_cnt);
1137 
1138 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
1139 done:
1140 
1141 	/* Copy that to user */
1142 	if (len > count)
1143 		len = count;
1144 	rc = copy_to_user(buf, lbuf, len);
1145 	kfree(lbuf);
1146 	if (rc)
1147 		return -EFAULT;
1148 	return len;
1149 }
1150 
1151 /*
1152  * TODO: To avoid parsing inside kernel and to improve the speed we may
1153  * consider use ioctl here
1154  */
1155 static ssize_t vga_arb_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
1156 			     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1157 {
1158 	struct vga_arb_private *priv = file->private_data;
1159 	struct vga_arb_user_card *uc = NULL;
1160 	struct pci_dev *pdev;
1161 
1162 	unsigned int io_state;
1163 
1164 	char kbuf[64], *curr_pos;
1165 	size_t remaining = count;
1166 
1167 	int ret_val;
1168 	int i;
1169 
1170 	if (count >= sizeof(kbuf))
1171 		return -EINVAL;
1172 	if (copy_from_user(kbuf, buf, count))
1173 		return -EFAULT;
1174 	curr_pos = kbuf;
1175 	kbuf[count] = '\0';
1176 
1177 	if (strncmp(curr_pos, "lock ", 5) == 0) {
1178 		curr_pos += 5;
1179 		remaining -= 5;
1180 
1181 		pr_debug("client 0x%p called 'lock'\n", priv);
1182 
1183 		if (!vga_str_to_iostate(curr_pos, remaining, &io_state)) {
1184 			ret_val = -EPROTO;
1185 			goto done;
1186 		}
1187 		if (io_state == VGA_RSRC_NONE) {
1188 			ret_val = -EPROTO;
1189 			goto done;
1190 		}
1191 
1192 		pdev = priv->target;
1193 		if (priv->target == NULL) {
1194 			ret_val = -ENODEV;
1195 			goto done;
1196 		}
1197 
1198 		vga_get_uninterruptible(pdev, io_state);
1199 
1200 		/* Update the client's locks lists */
1201 		for (i = 0; i < MAX_USER_CARDS; i++) {
1202 			if (priv->cards[i].pdev == pdev) {
1203 				if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO)
1204 					priv->cards[i].io_cnt++;
1205 				if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM)
1206 					priv->cards[i].mem_cnt++;
1207 				break;
1208 			}
1209 		}
1210 
1211 		ret_val = count;
1212 		goto done;
1213 	} else if (strncmp(curr_pos, "unlock ", 7) == 0) {
1214 		curr_pos += 7;
1215 		remaining -= 7;
1216 
1217 		pr_debug("client 0x%p called 'unlock'\n", priv);
1218 
1219 		if (strncmp(curr_pos, "all", 3) == 0)
1220 			io_state = VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO | VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM;
1221 		else {
1222 			if (!vga_str_to_iostate
1223 			    (curr_pos, remaining, &io_state)) {
1224 				ret_val = -EPROTO;
1225 				goto done;
1226 			}
1227 			/* TODO: Add this?
1228 			   if (io_state == VGA_RSRC_NONE) {
1229 			   ret_val = -EPROTO;
1230 			   goto done;
1231 			   }
1232 			  */
1233 		}
1234 
1235 		pdev = priv->target;
1236 		if (priv->target == NULL) {
1237 			ret_val = -ENODEV;
1238 			goto done;
1239 		}
1240 		for (i = 0; i < MAX_USER_CARDS; i++) {
1241 			if (priv->cards[i].pdev == pdev)
1242 				uc = &priv->cards[i];
1243 		}
1244 
1245 		if (!uc) {
1246 			ret_val = -EINVAL;
1247 			goto done;
1248 		}
1249 
1250 		if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO && uc->io_cnt == 0) {
1251 			ret_val = -EINVAL;
1252 			goto done;
1253 		}
1254 
1255 		if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM && uc->mem_cnt == 0) {
1256 			ret_val = -EINVAL;
1257 			goto done;
1258 		}
1259 
1260 		vga_put(pdev, io_state);
1261 
1262 		if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO)
1263 			uc->io_cnt--;
1264 		if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM)
1265 			uc->mem_cnt--;
1266 
1267 		ret_val = count;
1268 		goto done;
1269 	} else if (strncmp(curr_pos, "trylock ", 8) == 0) {
1270 		curr_pos += 8;
1271 		remaining -= 8;
1272 
1273 		pr_debug("client 0x%p called 'trylock'\n", priv);
1274 
1275 		if (!vga_str_to_iostate(curr_pos, remaining, &io_state)) {
1276 			ret_val = -EPROTO;
1277 			goto done;
1278 		}
1279 		/* TODO: Add this?
1280 		   if (io_state == VGA_RSRC_NONE) {
1281 		   ret_val = -EPROTO;
1282 		   goto done;
1283 		   }
1284 		 */
1285 
1286 		pdev = priv->target;
1287 		if (priv->target == NULL) {
1288 			ret_val = -ENODEV;
1289 			goto done;
1290 		}
1291 
1292 		if (vga_tryget(pdev, io_state)) {
1293 			/* Update the client's locks lists... */
1294 			for (i = 0; i < MAX_USER_CARDS; i++) {
1295 				if (priv->cards[i].pdev == pdev) {
1296 					if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO)
1297 						priv->cards[i].io_cnt++;
1298 					if (io_state & VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM)
1299 						priv->cards[i].mem_cnt++;
1300 					break;
1301 				}
1302 			}
1303 			ret_val = count;
1304 			goto done;
1305 		} else {
1306 			ret_val = -EBUSY;
1307 			goto done;
1308 		}
1309 
1310 	} else if (strncmp(curr_pos, "target ", 7) == 0) {
1311 		unsigned int domain, bus, devfn;
1312 		struct vga_device *vgadev;
1313 
1314 		curr_pos += 7;
1315 		remaining -= 7;
1316 		pr_debug("client 0x%p called 'target'\n", priv);
1317 		/* If target is default */
1318 		if (!strncmp(curr_pos, "default", 7))
1319 			pdev = pci_dev_get(vga_default_device());
1320 		else {
1321 			if (!vga_pci_str_to_vars(curr_pos, remaining,
1322 						 &domain, &bus, &devfn)) {
1323 				ret_val = -EPROTO;
1324 				goto done;
1325 			}
1326 			pdev = pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot(domain, bus, devfn);
1327 			if (!pdev) {
1328 				pr_debug("invalid PCI address %04x:%02x:%02x.%x\n",
1329 					 domain, bus, PCI_SLOT(devfn),
1330 					 PCI_FUNC(devfn));
1331 				ret_val = -ENODEV;
1332 				goto done;
1333 			}
1334 
1335 			pr_debug("%s ==> %04x:%02x:%02x.%x pdev %p\n", curr_pos,
1336 				domain, bus, PCI_SLOT(devfn), PCI_FUNC(devfn),
1337 				pdev);
1338 		}
1339 
1340 		vgadev = vgadev_find(pdev);
1341 		pr_debug("vgadev %p\n", vgadev);
1342 		if (vgadev == NULL) {
1343 			if (pdev) {
1344 				vgaarb_dbg(&pdev->dev, "not a VGA device\n");
1345 				pci_dev_put(pdev);
1346 			}
1347 
1348 			ret_val = -ENODEV;
1349 			goto done;
1350 		}
1351 
1352 		priv->target = pdev;
1353 		for (i = 0; i < MAX_USER_CARDS; i++) {
1354 			if (priv->cards[i].pdev == pdev)
1355 				break;
1356 			if (priv->cards[i].pdev == NULL) {
1357 				priv->cards[i].pdev = pdev;
1358 				priv->cards[i].io_cnt = 0;
1359 				priv->cards[i].mem_cnt = 0;
1360 				break;
1361 			}
1362 		}
1363 		if (i == MAX_USER_CARDS) {
1364 			vgaarb_dbg(&pdev->dev, "maximum user cards (%d) number reached, ignoring this one!\n",
1365 				MAX_USER_CARDS);
1366 			pci_dev_put(pdev);
1367 			/* XXX: Which value to return? */
1368 			ret_val =  -ENOMEM;
1369 			goto done;
1370 		}
1371 
1372 		ret_val = count;
1373 		pci_dev_put(pdev);
1374 		goto done;
1375 
1376 
1377 	} else if (strncmp(curr_pos, "decodes ", 8) == 0) {
1378 		curr_pos += 8;
1379 		remaining -= 8;
1380 		pr_debug("client 0x%p called 'decodes'\n", priv);
1381 
1382 		if (!vga_str_to_iostate(curr_pos, remaining, &io_state)) {
1383 			ret_val = -EPROTO;
1384 			goto done;
1385 		}
1386 		pdev = priv->target;
1387 		if (priv->target == NULL) {
1388 			ret_val = -ENODEV;
1389 			goto done;
1390 		}
1391 
1392 		__vga_set_legacy_decoding(pdev, io_state, true);
1393 		ret_val = count;
1394 		goto done;
1395 	}
1396 	/* If we got here, the message written is not part of the protocol! */
1397 	return -EPROTO;
1398 
1399 done:
1400 	return ret_val;
1401 }
1402 
1403 static __poll_t vga_arb_fpoll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
1404 {
1405 	pr_debug("%s\n", __func__);
1406 
1407 	poll_wait(file, &vga_wait_queue, wait);
1408 	return EPOLLIN;
1409 }
1410 
1411 static int vga_arb_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1412 {
1413 	struct vga_arb_private *priv;
1414 	unsigned long flags;
1415 
1416 	pr_debug("%s\n", __func__);
1417 
1418 	priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
1419 	if (priv == NULL)
1420 		return -ENOMEM;
1421 	spin_lock_init(&priv->lock);
1422 	file->private_data = priv;
1423 
1424 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_user_lock, flags);
1425 	list_add(&priv->list, &vga_user_list);
1426 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_user_lock, flags);
1427 
1428 	/* Set the client's lists of locks */
1429 	priv->target = vga_default_device(); /* Maybe this is still null! */
1430 	priv->cards[0].pdev = priv->target;
1431 	priv->cards[0].io_cnt = 0;
1432 	priv->cards[0].mem_cnt = 0;
1433 
1434 	return 0;
1435 }
1436 
1437 static int vga_arb_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1438 {
1439 	struct vga_arb_private *priv = file->private_data;
1440 	struct vga_arb_user_card *uc;
1441 	unsigned long flags;
1442 	int i;
1443 
1444 	pr_debug("%s\n", __func__);
1445 
1446 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_user_lock, flags);
1447 	list_del(&priv->list);
1448 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_USER_CARDS; i++) {
1449 		uc = &priv->cards[i];
1450 		if (uc->pdev == NULL)
1451 			continue;
1452 		vgaarb_dbg(&uc->pdev->dev, "uc->io_cnt == %d, uc->mem_cnt == %d\n",
1453 			uc->io_cnt, uc->mem_cnt);
1454 		while (uc->io_cnt--)
1455 			vga_put(uc->pdev, VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_IO);
1456 		while (uc->mem_cnt--)
1457 			vga_put(uc->pdev, VGA_RSRC_LEGACY_MEM);
1458 	}
1459 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_user_lock, flags);
1460 
1461 	kfree(priv);
1462 
1463 	return 0;
1464 }
1465 
1466 /*
1467  * Callback any registered clients to let them know we have a change in VGA
1468  * cards.
1469  */
1470 static void vga_arbiter_notify_clients(void)
1471 {
1472 	struct vga_device *vgadev;
1473 	unsigned long flags;
1474 	unsigned int new_decodes;
1475 	bool new_state;
1476 
1477 	if (!vga_arbiter_used)
1478 		return;
1479 
1480 	new_state = (vga_count > 1) ? false : true;
1481 
1482 	spin_lock_irqsave(&vga_lock, flags);
1483 	list_for_each_entry(vgadev, &vga_list, list) {
1484 		if (vgadev->set_decode) {
1485 			new_decodes = vgadev->set_decode(vgadev->pdev,
1486 							 new_state);
1487 			vga_update_device_decodes(vgadev, new_decodes);
1488 		}
1489 	}
1490 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vga_lock, flags);
1491 }
1492 
1493 static int pci_notify(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
1494 		      void *data)
1495 {
1496 	struct device *dev = data;
1497 	struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(dev);
1498 	bool notify = false;
1499 
1500 	vgaarb_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
1501 
1502 	/* Only deal with VGA class devices */
1503 	if (!pci_is_vga(pdev))
1504 		return 0;
1505 
1506 	/*
1507 	 * For now, we're only interested in devices added and removed.
1508 	 * I didn't test this thing here, so someone needs to double check
1509 	 * for the cases of hot-pluggable VGA cards.
1510 	 */
1511 	if (action == BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE)
1512 		notify = vga_arbiter_add_pci_device(pdev);
1513 	else if (action == BUS_NOTIFY_DEL_DEVICE)
1514 		notify = vga_arbiter_del_pci_device(pdev);
1515 
1516 	if (notify)
1517 		vga_arbiter_notify_clients();
1518 	return 0;
1519 }
1520 
1521 static struct notifier_block pci_notifier = {
1522 	.notifier_call = pci_notify,
1523 };
1524 
1525 static const struct file_operations vga_arb_device_fops = {
1526 	.read = vga_arb_read,
1527 	.write = vga_arb_write,
1528 	.poll = vga_arb_fpoll,
1529 	.open = vga_arb_open,
1530 	.release = vga_arb_release,
1531 	.llseek = noop_llseek,
1532 };
1533 
1534 static struct miscdevice vga_arb_device = {
1535 	MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR, "vga_arbiter", &vga_arb_device_fops
1536 };
1537 
1538 static int __init vga_arb_device_init(void)
1539 {
1540 	int rc;
1541 	struct pci_dev *pdev;
1542 
1543 	rc = misc_register(&vga_arb_device);
1544 	if (rc < 0)
1545 		pr_err("error %d registering device\n", rc);
1546 
1547 	bus_register_notifier(&pci_bus_type, &pci_notifier);
1548 
1549 	/* Add all VGA class PCI devices by default */
1550 	pdev = NULL;
1551 	while ((pdev =
1552 		pci_get_subsys(PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID,
1553 			       PCI_ANY_ID, pdev)) != NULL) {
1554 		if (pci_is_vga(pdev))
1555 			vga_arbiter_add_pci_device(pdev);
1556 	}
1557 
1558 	pr_info("loaded\n");
1559 	return rc;
1560 }
1561 subsys_initcall_sync(vga_arb_device_init);
1562