1 /* 2 * sharpslpart.c - MTD partition parser for NAND flash using the SHARP FTL 3 * for logical addressing, as used on the PXA models of the SHARP SL Series. 4 * 5 * Copyright (C) 2017 Andrea Adami <andrea.adami@gmail.com> 6 * 7 * Based on SHARP GPL 2.4 sources: 8 * http://support.ezaurus.com/developer/source/source_dl.asp 9 * drivers/mtd/nand/sharp_sl_logical.c 10 * linux/include/asm-arm/sharp_nand_logical.h 11 * 12 * Copyright (C) 2002 SHARP 13 * 14 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 15 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 16 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 17 * (at your option) any later version. 18 * 19 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 20 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 21 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 22 * GNU General Public License for more details. 23 * 24 */ 25 26 #include <linux/kernel.h> 27 #include <linux/slab.h> 28 #include <linux/module.h> 29 #include <linux/types.h> 30 #include <linux/bitops.h> 31 #include <linux/sizes.h> 32 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h> 33 #include <linux/mtd/partitions.h> 34 35 /* oob structure */ 36 #define NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_00 8 37 #define NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_01 9 38 #define NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_10 10 39 #define NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_11 11 40 #define NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_20 12 41 #define NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_21 13 42 43 #define BLOCK_IS_RESERVED 0xffff 44 #define BLOCK_UNMASK_COMPLEMENT 1 45 46 /* factory defaults */ 47 #define SHARPSL_NAND_PARTS 3 48 #define SHARPSL_FTL_PART_SIZE (7 * SZ_1M) 49 #define SHARPSL_PARTINFO1_LADDR 0x00060000 50 #define SHARPSL_PARTINFO2_LADDR 0x00064000 51 52 #define BOOT_MAGIC 0x424f4f54 53 #define FSRO_MAGIC 0x4653524f 54 #define FSRW_MAGIC 0x46535257 55 56 /** 57 * struct sharpsl_ftl - Sharp FTL Logical Table 58 * @logmax: number of logical blocks 59 * @log2phy: the logical-to-physical table 60 * 61 * Structure containing the logical-to-physical translation table 62 * used by the SHARP SL FTL. 63 */ 64 struct sharpsl_ftl { 65 unsigned int logmax; 66 unsigned int *log2phy; 67 }; 68 69 /* verify that the OOB bytes 8 to 15 are free and available for the FTL */ 70 static int sharpsl_nand_check_ooblayout(struct mtd_info *mtd) 71 { 72 u8 freebytes = 0; 73 int section = 0; 74 75 while (true) { 76 struct mtd_oob_region oobfree = { }; 77 int ret, i; 78 79 ret = mtd_ooblayout_free(mtd, section++, &oobfree); 80 if (ret) 81 break; 82 83 if (!oobfree.length || oobfree.offset > 15 || 84 (oobfree.offset + oobfree.length) < 8) 85 continue; 86 87 i = oobfree.offset >= 8 ? oobfree.offset : 8; 88 for (; i < oobfree.offset + oobfree.length && i < 16; i++) 89 freebytes |= BIT(i - 8); 90 91 if (freebytes == 0xff) 92 return 0; 93 } 94 95 return -ENOTSUPP; 96 } 97 98 static int sharpsl_nand_read_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs, u8 *buf) 99 { 100 struct mtd_oob_ops ops = { }; 101 int ret; 102 103 ops.mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB; 104 ops.ooblen = mtd->oobsize; 105 ops.oobbuf = buf; 106 107 ret = mtd_read_oob(mtd, offs, &ops); 108 if (ret != 0 || mtd->oobsize != ops.oobretlen) 109 return -1; 110 111 return 0; 112 } 113 114 /* 115 * The logical block number assigned to a physical block is stored in the OOB 116 * of the first page, in 3 16-bit copies with the following layout: 117 * 118 * 01234567 89abcdef 119 * -------- -------- 120 * ECC BB xyxyxy 121 * 122 * When reading we check that the first two copies agree. 123 * In case of error, matching is tried using the following pairs. 124 * Reserved values 0xffff mean the block is kept for wear leveling. 125 * 126 * 01234567 89abcdef 127 * -------- -------- 128 * ECC BB xyxy oob[8]==oob[10] && oob[9]==oob[11] -> byte0=8 byte1=9 129 * ECC BB xyxy oob[10]==oob[12] && oob[11]==oob[13] -> byte0=10 byte1=11 130 * ECC BB xy xy oob[12]==oob[8] && oob[13]==oob[9] -> byte0=12 byte1=13 131 */ 132 static int sharpsl_nand_get_logical_num(u8 *oob) 133 { 134 u16 us; 135 int good0, good1; 136 137 if (oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_00] == oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_10] && 138 oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_01] == oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_11]) { 139 good0 = NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_00; 140 good1 = NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_01; 141 } else if (oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_10] == oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_20] && 142 oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_11] == oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_21]) { 143 good0 = NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_10; 144 good1 = NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_11; 145 } else if (oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_20] == oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_00] && 146 oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_21] == oob[NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_01]) { 147 good0 = NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_20; 148 good1 = NAND_NOOB_LOGADDR_21; 149 } else { 150 return -EINVAL; 151 } 152 153 us = oob[good0] | oob[good1] << 8; 154 155 /* parity check */ 156 if (hweight16(us) & BLOCK_UNMASK_COMPLEMENT) 157 return -EINVAL; 158 159 /* reserved */ 160 if (us == BLOCK_IS_RESERVED) 161 return BLOCK_IS_RESERVED; 162 163 return (us >> 1) & GENMASK(9, 0); 164 } 165 166 static int sharpsl_nand_init_ftl(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct sharpsl_ftl *ftl) 167 { 168 unsigned int block_num, phymax; 169 int i, ret, log_num; 170 loff_t block_adr; 171 u8 *oob; 172 173 oob = kzalloc(mtd->oobsize, GFP_KERNEL); 174 if (!oob) 175 return -ENOMEM; 176 177 phymax = mtd_div_by_eb(SHARPSL_FTL_PART_SIZE, mtd); 178 179 /* FTL reserves 5% of the blocks + 1 spare */ 180 ftl->logmax = ((phymax * 95) / 100) - 1; 181 182 ftl->log2phy = kmalloc_array(ftl->logmax, sizeof(*ftl->log2phy), 183 GFP_KERNEL); 184 if (!ftl->log2phy) { 185 ret = -ENOMEM; 186 goto exit; 187 } 188 189 /* initialize ftl->log2phy */ 190 for (i = 0; i < ftl->logmax; i++) 191 ftl->log2phy[i] = UINT_MAX; 192 193 /* create physical-logical table */ 194 for (block_num = 0; block_num < phymax; block_num++) { 195 block_adr = (loff_t)block_num * mtd->erasesize; 196 197 if (mtd_block_isbad(mtd, block_adr)) 198 continue; 199 200 if (sharpsl_nand_read_oob(mtd, block_adr, oob)) 201 continue; 202 203 /* get logical block */ 204 log_num = sharpsl_nand_get_logical_num(oob); 205 206 /* cut-off errors and skip the out-of-range values */ 207 if (log_num > 0 && log_num < ftl->logmax) { 208 if (ftl->log2phy[log_num] == UINT_MAX) 209 ftl->log2phy[log_num] = block_num; 210 } 211 } 212 213 pr_info("Sharp SL FTL: %d blocks used (%d logical, %d reserved)\n", 214 phymax, ftl->logmax, phymax - ftl->logmax); 215 216 ret = 0; 217 exit: 218 kfree(oob); 219 return ret; 220 } 221 222 static void sharpsl_nand_cleanup_ftl(struct sharpsl_ftl *ftl) 223 { 224 kfree(ftl->log2phy); 225 } 226 227 static int sharpsl_nand_read_laddr(struct mtd_info *mtd, 228 loff_t from, 229 size_t len, 230 void *buf, 231 struct sharpsl_ftl *ftl) 232 { 233 unsigned int log_num, final_log_num; 234 unsigned int block_num; 235 loff_t block_adr; 236 loff_t block_ofs; 237 size_t retlen; 238 int err; 239 240 log_num = mtd_div_by_eb((u32)from, mtd); 241 final_log_num = mtd_div_by_eb(((u32)from + len - 1), mtd); 242 243 if (len <= 0 || log_num >= ftl->logmax || final_log_num > log_num) 244 return -EINVAL; 245 246 block_num = ftl->log2phy[log_num]; 247 block_adr = (loff_t)block_num * mtd->erasesize; 248 block_ofs = mtd_mod_by_eb((u32)from, mtd); 249 250 err = mtd_read(mtd, block_adr + block_ofs, len, &retlen, buf); 251 /* Ignore corrected ECC errors */ 252 if (mtd_is_bitflip(err)) 253 err = 0; 254 255 if (!err && retlen != len) 256 err = -EIO; 257 258 if (err) 259 pr_err("sharpslpart: error, read failed at %#llx\n", 260 block_adr + block_ofs); 261 262 return err; 263 } 264 265 /* 266 * MTD Partition Parser 267 * 268 * Sample values read from SL-C860 269 * 270 * # cat /proc/mtd 271 * dev: size erasesize name 272 * mtd0: 006d0000 00020000 "Filesystem" 273 * mtd1: 00700000 00004000 "smf" 274 * mtd2: 03500000 00004000 "root" 275 * mtd3: 04400000 00004000 "home" 276 * 277 * PARTITIONINFO1 278 * 0x00060000: 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 00 42 4f 4f 54 00 00 00 00 ......p.BOOT.... 279 * 0x00060010: 00 00 70 00 00 00 c0 03 46 53 52 4f 00 00 00 00 ..p.....FSRO.... 280 * 0x00060020: 00 00 c0 03 00 00 00 04 46 53 52 57 00 00 00 00 ........FSRW.... 281 */ 282 struct sharpsl_nand_partinfo { 283 __le32 start; 284 __le32 end; 285 __be32 magic; 286 u32 reserved; 287 }; 288 289 static int sharpsl_nand_read_partinfo(struct mtd_info *master, 290 loff_t from, 291 size_t len, 292 struct sharpsl_nand_partinfo *buf, 293 struct sharpsl_ftl *ftl) 294 { 295 int ret; 296 297 ret = sharpsl_nand_read_laddr(master, from, len, buf, ftl); 298 if (ret) 299 return ret; 300 301 /* check for magics */ 302 if (be32_to_cpu(buf[0].magic) != BOOT_MAGIC || 303 be32_to_cpu(buf[1].magic) != FSRO_MAGIC || 304 be32_to_cpu(buf[2].magic) != FSRW_MAGIC) { 305 pr_err("sharpslpart: magic values mismatch\n"); 306 return -EINVAL; 307 } 308 309 /* fixup for hardcoded value 64 MiB (for older models) */ 310 buf[2].end = cpu_to_le32(master->size); 311 312 /* extra sanity check */ 313 if (le32_to_cpu(buf[0].end) <= le32_to_cpu(buf[0].start) || 314 le32_to_cpu(buf[1].start) < le32_to_cpu(buf[0].end) || 315 le32_to_cpu(buf[1].end) <= le32_to_cpu(buf[1].start) || 316 le32_to_cpu(buf[2].start) < le32_to_cpu(buf[1].end) || 317 le32_to_cpu(buf[2].end) <= le32_to_cpu(buf[2].start)) { 318 pr_err("sharpslpart: partition sizes mismatch\n"); 319 return -EINVAL; 320 } 321 322 return 0; 323 } 324 325 static int sharpsl_parse_mtd_partitions(struct mtd_info *master, 326 const struct mtd_partition **pparts, 327 struct mtd_part_parser_data *data) 328 { 329 struct sharpsl_ftl ftl; 330 struct sharpsl_nand_partinfo buf[SHARPSL_NAND_PARTS]; 331 struct mtd_partition *sharpsl_nand_parts; 332 int err; 333 334 /* check that OOB bytes 8 to 15 used by the FTL are actually free */ 335 err = sharpsl_nand_check_ooblayout(master); 336 if (err) 337 return err; 338 339 /* init logical mgmt (FTL) */ 340 err = sharpsl_nand_init_ftl(master, &ftl); 341 if (err) 342 return err; 343 344 /* read and validate first partition table */ 345 pr_info("sharpslpart: try reading first partition table\n"); 346 err = sharpsl_nand_read_partinfo(master, 347 SHARPSL_PARTINFO1_LADDR, 348 sizeof(buf), buf, &ftl); 349 if (err) { 350 /* fallback: read second partition table */ 351 pr_warn("sharpslpart: first partition table is invalid, retry using the second\n"); 352 err = sharpsl_nand_read_partinfo(master, 353 SHARPSL_PARTINFO2_LADDR, 354 sizeof(buf), buf, &ftl); 355 } 356 357 /* cleanup logical mgmt (FTL) */ 358 sharpsl_nand_cleanup_ftl(&ftl); 359 360 if (err) { 361 pr_err("sharpslpart: both partition tables are invalid\n"); 362 return err; 363 } 364 365 sharpsl_nand_parts = kcalloc(SHARPSL_NAND_PARTS, 366 sizeof(*sharpsl_nand_parts), 367 GFP_KERNEL); 368 if (!sharpsl_nand_parts) 369 return -ENOMEM; 370 371 /* original names */ 372 sharpsl_nand_parts[0].name = "smf"; 373 sharpsl_nand_parts[0].offset = le32_to_cpu(buf[0].start); 374 sharpsl_nand_parts[0].size = le32_to_cpu(buf[0].end) - 375 le32_to_cpu(buf[0].start); 376 377 sharpsl_nand_parts[1].name = "root"; 378 sharpsl_nand_parts[1].offset = le32_to_cpu(buf[1].start); 379 sharpsl_nand_parts[1].size = le32_to_cpu(buf[1].end) - 380 le32_to_cpu(buf[1].start); 381 382 sharpsl_nand_parts[2].name = "home"; 383 sharpsl_nand_parts[2].offset = le32_to_cpu(buf[2].start); 384 sharpsl_nand_parts[2].size = le32_to_cpu(buf[2].end) - 385 le32_to_cpu(buf[2].start); 386 387 *pparts = sharpsl_nand_parts; 388 return SHARPSL_NAND_PARTS; 389 } 390 391 static struct mtd_part_parser sharpsl_mtd_parser = { 392 .parse_fn = sharpsl_parse_mtd_partitions, 393 .name = "sharpslpart", 394 }; 395 module_mtd_part_parser(sharpsl_mtd_parser); 396 397 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 398 MODULE_AUTHOR("Andrea Adami <andrea.adami@gmail.com>"); 399 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MTD partitioning for NAND flash on Sharp SL Series"); 400