xref: /linux/drivers/md/md.h (revision 9557b4376d02088a33e5f4116bcc324d35a3b64c)

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
/*
   md.h : kernel internal structure of the Linux MD driver
          Copyright (C) 1996-98 Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman

*/

#ifndef _MD_MD_H
#define _MD_MD_H

#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/badblocks.h>
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <trace/events/block.h>
#include "md-cluster.h"

#define MaxSector (~(sector_t)0)

/*
 * These flags should really be called "NO_RETRY" rather than
 * "FAILFAST" because they don't make any promise about time lapse,
 * only about the number of retries, which will be zero.
 * REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER is not included because
 * Commit: 4a27446f3e39 ("[SCSI] modify scsi to handle new fail fast flags.")
 * seems to suggest that the errors it avoids retrying should usually
 * be retried.
 */
#define	MD_FAILFAST	(REQ_FAILFAST_DEV | REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT)

/* Status of sync thread. */
enum sync_action {
	/*
	 * Represent by MD_RECOVERY_SYNC, start when:
	 * 1) after assemble, sync data from first rdev to other copies, this
	 * must be done first before other sync actions and will only execute
	 * once;
	 * 2) resize the array(notice that this is not reshape), sync data for
	 * the new range;
	 */
	ACTION_RESYNC,
	/*
	 * Represent by MD_RECOVERY_RECOVER, start when:
	 * 1) for new replacement, sync data based on the replace rdev or
	 * available copies from other rdev;
	 * 2) for new member disk while the array is degraded, sync data from
	 * other rdev;
	 * 3) reassemble after power failure or re-add a hot removed rdev, sync
	 * data from first rdev to other copies based on bitmap;
	 */
	ACTION_RECOVER,
	/*
	 * Represent by MD_RECOVERY_SYNC | MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED |
	 * MD_RECOVERY_CHECK, start when user echo "check" to sysfs api
	 * sync_action, used to check if data copies from differenct rdev are
	 * the same. The number of mismatch sectors will be exported to user
	 * by sysfs api mismatch_cnt;
	 */
	ACTION_CHECK,
	/*
	 * Represent by MD_RECOVERY_SYNC | MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, start when
	 * user echo "repair" to sysfs api sync_action, usually paired with
	 * ACTION_CHECK, used to force syncing data once user found that there
	 * are inconsistent data,
	 */
	ACTION_REPAIR,
	/*
	 * Represent by MD_RECOVERY_RESHAPE, start when new member disk is added
	 * to the conf, notice that this is different from spares or
	 * replacement;
	 */
	ACTION_RESHAPE,
	/*
	 * Represent by MD_RECOVERY_FROZEN, can be set by sysfs api sync_action
	 * or internal usage like setting the array read-only, will forbid above
	 * actions.
	 */
	ACTION_FROZEN,
	/*
	 * All above actions don't match.
	 */
	ACTION_IDLE,
	NR_SYNC_ACTIONS,
};

/*
 * The struct embedded in rdev is used to serialize IO.
 */
struct serial_in_rdev {
	struct rb_root_cached serial_rb;
	spinlock_t serial_lock;
	wait_queue_head_t serial_io_wait;
};

/*
 * MD's 'extended' device
 */
struct md_rdev {
	struct list_head same_set;	/* RAID devices within the same set */

	sector_t sectors;		/* Device size (in 512bytes sectors) */
	struct mddev *mddev;		/* RAID array if running */
	int last_events;		/* IO event timestamp */

	/*
	 * If meta_bdev is non-NULL, it means that a separate device is
	 * being used to store the metadata (superblock/bitmap) which
	 * would otherwise be contained on the same device as the data (bdev).
	 */
	struct block_device *meta_bdev;
	struct block_device *bdev;	/* block device handle */
	struct file *bdev_file;		/* Handle from open for bdev */

	struct page	*sb_page, *bb_page;
	int		sb_loaded;
	__u64		sb_events;
	sector_t	data_offset;	/* start of data in array */
	sector_t	new_data_offset;/* only relevant while reshaping */
	sector_t	sb_start;	/* offset of the super block (in 512byte sectors) */
	int		sb_size;	/* bytes in the superblock */
	int		preferred_minor;	/* autorun support */

	struct kobject	kobj;

	/* A device can be in one of three states based on two flags:
	 * Not working:   faulty==1 in_sync==0
	 * Fully working: faulty==0 in_sync==1
	 * Working, but not
	 * in sync with array
	 *                faulty==0 in_sync==0
	 *
	 * It can never have faulty==1, in_sync==1
	 * This reduces the burden of testing multiple flags in many cases
	 */

	unsigned long	flags;	/* bit set of 'enum flag_bits' bits. */
	wait_queue_head_t blocked_wait;

	int desc_nr;			/* descriptor index in the superblock */
	int raid_disk;			/* role of device in array */
	int new_raid_disk;		/* role that the device will have in
					 * the array after a level-change completes.
					 */
	int saved_raid_disk;		/* role that device used to have in the
					 * array and could again if we did a partial
					 * resync from the bitmap
					 */
	union {
		sector_t recovery_offset;/* If this device has been partially
					 * recovered, this is where we were
					 * up to.
					 */
		sector_t journal_tail;	/* If this device is a journal device,
					 * this is the journal tail (journal
					 * recovery start point)
					 */
	};

	atomic_t	nr_pending;	/* number of pending requests.
					 * only maintained for arrays that
					 * support hot removal
					 */
	atomic_t	read_errors;	/* number of consecutive read errors that
					 * we have tried to ignore.
					 */
	time64_t	last_read_error;	/* monotonic time since our
						 * last read error
						 */
	atomic_t	corrected_errors; /* number of corrected read errors,
					   * for reporting to userspace and storing
					   * in superblock.
					   */

	struct serial_in_rdev *serial;  /* used for raid1 io serialization */

	struct kernfs_node *sysfs_state; /* handle for 'state'
					   * sysfs entry */
	/* handle for 'unacknowledged_bad_blocks' sysfs dentry */
	struct kernfs_node *sysfs_unack_badblocks;
	/* handle for 'bad_blocks' sysfs dentry */
	struct kernfs_node *sysfs_badblocks;
	struct badblocks badblocks;

	struct {
		short offset;	/* Offset from superblock to start of PPL.
				 * Not used by external metadata. */
		unsigned int size;	/* Size in sectors of the PPL space */
		sector_t sector;	/* First sector of the PPL space */
	} ppl;
};
enum flag_bits {
	Faulty,			/* device is known to have a fault */
	In_sync,		/* device is in_sync with rest of array */
	Bitmap_sync,		/* ..actually, not quite In_sync.  Need a
				 * bitmap-based recovery to get fully in sync.
				 * The bit is only meaningful before device
				 * has been passed to pers->hot_add_disk.
				 */
	WriteMostly,		/* Avoid reading if at all possible */
	AutoDetected,		/* added by auto-detect */
	Blocked,		/* An error occurred but has not yet
				 * been acknowledged by the metadata
				 * handler, so don't allow writes
				 * until it is cleared */
	WriteErrorSeen,		/* A write error has been seen on this
				 * device
				 */
	FaultRecorded,		/* Intermediate state for clearing
				 * Blocked.  The Fault is/will-be
				 * recorded in the metadata, but that
				 * metadata hasn't been stored safely
				 * on disk yet.
				 */
	BlockedBadBlocks,	/* A writer is blocked because they
				 * found an unacknowledged bad-block.
				 * This can safely be cleared at any
				 * time, and the writer will re-check.
				 * It may be set at any time, and at
				 * worst the writer will timeout and
				 * re-check.  So setting it as
				 * accurately as possible is good, but
				 * not absolutely critical.
				 */
	WantReplacement,	/* This device is a candidate to be
				 * hot-replaced, either because it has
				 * reported some faults, or because
				 * of explicit request.
				 */
	Replacement,		/* This device is a replacement for
				 * a want_replacement device with same
				 * raid_disk number.
				 */
	Candidate,		/* For clustered environments only:
				 * This device is seen locally but not
				 * by the whole cluster
				 */
	Journal,		/* This device is used as journal for
				 * raid-5/6.
				 * Usually, this device should be faster
				 * than other devices in the array
				 */
	ClusterRemove,
	ExternalBbl,            /* External metadata provides bad
				 * block management for a disk
				 */
	FailFast,		/* Minimal retries should be attempted on
				 * this device, so use REQ_FAILFAST_DEV.
				 * Also don't try to repair failed reads.
				 * It is expects that no bad block log
				 * is present.
				 */
	LastDev,		/* Seems to be the last working dev as
				 * it didn't fail, so don't use FailFast
				 * any more for metadata
				 */
	CollisionCheck,		/*
				 * check if there is collision between raid1
				 * serial bios.
				 */
	Nonrot,			/* non-rotational device (SSD) */
};

static inline int is_badblock(struct md_rdev *rdev, sector_t s, int sectors,
			      sector_t *first_bad, int *bad_sectors)
{
	if (unlikely(rdev->badblocks.count)) {
		int rv = badblocks_check(&rdev->badblocks, rdev->data_offset + s,
					sectors,
					first_bad, bad_sectors);
		if (rv)
			*first_bad -= rdev->data_offset;
		return rv;
	}
	return 0;
}

static inline int rdev_has_badblock(struct md_rdev *rdev, sector_t s,
				    int sectors)
{
	sector_t first_bad;
	int bad_sectors;

	return is_badblock(rdev, s, sectors, &first_bad, &bad_sectors);
}

extern int rdev_set_badblocks(struct md_rdev *rdev, sector_t s, int sectors,
			      int is_new);
extern int rdev_clear_badblocks(struct md_rdev *rdev, sector_t s, int sectors,
				int is_new);
struct md_cluster_info;

/**
 * enum mddev_flags - md device flags.
 * @MD_ARRAY_FIRST_USE: First use of array, needs initialization.
 * @MD_CLOSING: If set, we are closing the array, do not open it then.
 * @MD_JOURNAL_CLEAN: A raid with journal is already clean.
 * @MD_HAS_JOURNAL: The raid array has journal feature set.
 * @MD_CLUSTER_RESYNC_LOCKED: cluster raid only, which means node, already took
 *			       resync lock, need to release the lock.
 * @MD_FAILFAST_SUPPORTED: Using MD_FAILFAST on metadata writes is supported as
 *			    calls to md_error() will never cause the array to
 *			    become failed.
 * @MD_HAS_PPL:  The raid array has PPL feature set.
 * @MD_HAS_MULTIPLE_PPLS: The raid array has multiple PPLs feature set.
 * @MD_NOT_READY: do_md_run() is active, so 'array_state', ust not report that
 *		   array is ready yet.
 * @MD_BROKEN: This is used to stop writes and mark array as failed.
 * @MD_DELETED: This device is being deleted
 *
 * change UNSUPPORTED_MDDEV_FLAGS for each array type if new flag is added
 */
enum mddev_flags {
	MD_ARRAY_FIRST_USE,
	MD_CLOSING,
	MD_JOURNAL_CLEAN,
	MD_HAS_JOURNAL,
	MD_CLUSTER_RESYNC_LOCKED,
	MD_FAILFAST_SUPPORTED,
	MD_HAS_PPL,
	MD_HAS_MULTIPLE_PPLS,
	MD_NOT_READY,
	MD_BROKEN,
	MD_DELETED,
};

enum mddev_sb_flags {
	MD_SB_CHANGE_DEVS,		/* Some device status has changed */
	MD_SB_CHANGE_CLEAN,	/* transition to or from 'clean' */
	MD_SB_CHANGE_PENDING,	/* switch from 'clean' to 'active' in progress */
	MD_SB_NEED_REWRITE,	/* metadata write needs to be repeated */
};

#define NR_SERIAL_INFOS		8
/* record current range of serialize IOs */
struct serial_info {
	struct rb_node node;
	sector_t start;		/* start sector of rb node */
	sector_t last;		/* end sector of rb node */
	sector_t _subtree_last; /* highest sector in subtree of rb node */
};

/*
 * mddev->curr_resync stores the current sector of the resync but
 * also has some overloaded values.
 */
enum {
	/* No resync in progress */
	MD_RESYNC_NONE = 0,
	/* Yielded to allow another conflicting resync to commence */
	MD_RESYNC_YIELDED = 1,
	/* Delayed to check that there is no conflict with another sync */
	MD_RESYNC_DELAYED = 2,
	/* Any value greater than or equal to this is in an active resync */
	MD_RESYNC_ACTIVE = 3,
};

struct mddev {
	void				*private;
	struct md_personality		*pers;
	dev_t				unit;
	int				md_minor;
	struct list_head		disks;
	unsigned long			flags;
	unsigned long			sb_flags;

	int				suspended;
	struct mutex			suspend_mutex;
	struct percpu_ref		active_io;
	int				ro;
	int				sysfs_active; /* set when sysfs deletes
						       * are happening, so run/
						       * takeover/stop are not safe
						       */
	struct gendisk			*gendisk;

	struct kobject			kobj;
	int				hold_active;
#define	UNTIL_IOCTL	1
#define	UNTIL_STOP	2

	/* Superblock information */
	int				major_version,
					minor_version,
					patch_version;
	int				persistent;
	int				external;	/* metadata is
							 * managed externally */
	char				metadata_type[17]; /* externally set*/
	int				chunk_sectors;
	time64_t			ctime, utime;
	int				level, layout;
	char				clevel[16];
	int				raid_disks;
	int				max_disks;
	sector_t			dev_sectors;	/* used size of
							 * component devices */
	sector_t			array_sectors; /* exported array size */
	int				external_size; /* size managed
							* externally */
	__u64				events;
	/* If the last 'event' was simply a clean->dirty transition, and
	 * we didn't write it to the spares, then it is safe and simple
	 * to just decrement the event count on a dirty->clean transition.
	 * So we record that possibility here.
	 */
	int				can_decrease_events;

	char				uuid[16];

	/* If the array is being reshaped, we need to record the
	 * new shape and an indication of where we are up to.
	 * This is written to the superblock.
	 * If reshape_position is MaxSector, then no reshape is happening (yet).
	 */
	sector_t			reshape_position;
	int				delta_disks, new_level, new_layout;
	int				new_chunk_sectors;
	int				reshape_backwards;

	struct md_thread __rcu		*thread;	/* management thread */
	struct md_thread __rcu		*sync_thread;	/* doing resync or reconstruct */

	/*
	 * Set when a sync operation is started. It holds this value even
	 * when the sync thread is "frozen" (interrupted) or "idle" (stopped
	 * or finished). It is overwritten when a new sync operation is begun.
	 */
	enum sync_action		last_sync_action;
	sector_t			curr_resync;	/* last block scheduled */
	/* As resync requests can complete out of order, we cannot easily track
	 * how much resync has been completed.  So we occasionally pause until
	 * everything completes, then set curr_resync_completed to curr_resync.
	 * As such it may be well behind the real resync mark, but it is a value
	 * we are certain of.
	 */
	sector_t			curr_resync_completed;
	unsigned long			resync_mark;	/* a recent timestamp */
	sector_t			resync_mark_cnt;/* blocks written at resync_mark */
	sector_t			curr_mark_cnt; /* blocks scheduled now */

	sector_t			resync_max_sectors; /* may be set by personality */

	atomic64_t			resync_mismatches; /* count of sectors where
							    * parity/replica mismatch found
							    */

	/* allow user-space to request suspension of IO to regions of the array */
	sector_t			suspend_lo;
	sector_t			suspend_hi;
	/* if zero, use the system-wide default */
	int				sync_speed_min;
	int				sync_speed_max;

	/* resync even though the same disks are shared among md-devices */
	int				parallel_resync;

	int				ok_start_degraded;

	unsigned long			recovery;
	/* If a RAID personality determines that recovery (of a particular
	 * device) will fail due to a read error on the source device, it
	 * takes a copy of this number and does not attempt recovery again
	 * until this number changes.
	 */
	int				recovery_disabled;

	int				in_sync;	/* know to not need resync */
	/* 'open_mutex' avoids races between 'md_open' and 'do_md_stop', so
	 * that we are never stopping an array while it is open.
	 * 'reconfig_mutex' protects all other reconfiguration.
	 * These locks are separate due to conflicting interactions
	 * with disk->open_mutex.
	 * Lock ordering is:
	 *  reconfig_mutex -> disk->open_mutex
	 *  disk->open_mutex -> open_mutex:  e.g. __blkdev_get -> md_open
	 */
	struct mutex			open_mutex;
	struct mutex			reconfig_mutex;
	atomic_t			active;		/* general refcount */
	atomic_t			openers;	/* number of active opens */

	int				changed;	/* True if we might need to
							 * reread partition info */
	int				degraded;	/* whether md should consider
							 * adding a spare
							 */

	atomic_t			recovery_active; /* blocks scheduled, but not written */
	wait_queue_head_t		recovery_wait;
	sector_t			recovery_cp;
	sector_t			resync_min;	/* user requested sync
							 * starts here */
	sector_t			resync_max;	/* resync should pause
							 * when it gets here */

	struct kernfs_node		*sysfs_state;	/* handle for 'array_state'
							 * file in sysfs.
							 */
	struct kernfs_node		*sysfs_action;  /* handle for 'sync_action' */
	struct kernfs_node		*sysfs_completed;	/*handle for 'sync_completed' */
	struct kernfs_node		*sysfs_degraded;	/*handle for 'degraded' */
	struct kernfs_node		*sysfs_level;		/*handle for 'level' */

	/* used for delayed sysfs removal */
	struct work_struct del_work;
	/* used for register new sync thread */
	struct work_struct sync_work;

	/* "lock" protects:
	 *   flush_bio transition from NULL to !NULL
	 *   rdev superblocks, events
	 *   clearing MD_CHANGE_*
	 *   in_sync - and related safemode and MD_CHANGE changes
	 *   pers (also protected by reconfig_mutex and pending IO).
	 *   clearing ->bitmap
	 *   clearing ->bitmap_info.file
	 *   changing ->resync_{min,max}
	 *   setting MD_RECOVERY_RUNNING (which interacts with resync_{min,max})
	 */
	spinlock_t			lock;
	wait_queue_head_t		sb_wait;	/* for waiting on superblock updates */
	atomic_t			pending_writes;	/* number of active superblock writes */

	unsigned int			safemode;	/* if set, update "clean" superblock
							 * when no writes pending.
							 */
	unsigned int			safemode_delay;
	struct timer_list		safemode_timer;
	struct percpu_ref		writes_pending;
	int				sync_checkers;	/* # of threads checking writes_pending */

	struct bitmap			*bitmap; /* the bitmap for the device */
	struct {
		struct file		*file; /* the bitmap file */
		loff_t			offset; /* offset from superblock of
						 * start of bitmap. May be
						 * negative, but not '0'
						 * For external metadata, offset
						 * from start of device.
						 */
		unsigned long		space; /* space available at this offset */
		loff_t			default_offset; /* this is the offset to use when
							 * hot-adding a bitmap.  It should
							 * eventually be settable by sysfs.
							 */
		unsigned long		default_space; /* space available at
							* default offset */
		struct mutex		mutex;
		unsigned long		chunksize;
		unsigned long		daemon_sleep; /* how many jiffies between updates? */
		unsigned long		max_write_behind; /* write-behind mode */
		int			external;
		int			nodes; /* Maximum number of nodes in the cluster */
		char                    cluster_name[64]; /* Name of the cluster */
	} bitmap_info;

	atomic_t			max_corr_read_errors; /* max read retries */
	struct list_head		all_mddevs;

	const struct attribute_group	*to_remove;

	struct bio_set			bio_set;
	struct bio_set			sync_set; /* for sync operations like
						   * metadata and bitmap writes
						   */
	struct bio_set			io_clone_set;

	/* Generic flush handling.
	 * The last to finish preflush schedules a worker to submit
	 * the rest of the request (without the REQ_PREFLUSH flag).
	 */
	struct bio *flush_bio;
	atomic_t flush_pending;
	ktime_t start_flush, prev_flush_start; /* prev_flush_start is when the previous completed
						* flush was started.
						*/
	struct work_struct flush_work;
	struct work_struct event_work;	/* used by dm to report failure event */
	mempool_t *serial_info_pool;
	void (*sync_super)(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev);
	struct md_cluster_info		*cluster_info;
	unsigned int			good_device_nr;	/* good device num within cluster raid */
	unsigned int			noio_flag; /* for memalloc scope API */

	/*
	 * Temporarily store rdev that will be finally removed when
	 * reconfig_mutex is unlocked, protected by reconfig_mutex.
	 */
	struct list_head		deleting;

	/* The sequence number for sync thread */
	atomic_t sync_seq;

	bool	has_superblocks:1;
	bool	fail_last_dev:1;
	bool	serialize_policy:1;
};

enum recovery_flags {
	/* flags for sync thread running status */

	/*
	 * set when one of sync action is set and new sync thread need to be
	 * registered, or just add/remove spares from conf.
	 */
	MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED,
	/* sync thread is running, or about to be started */
	MD_RECOVERY_RUNNING,
	/* sync thread needs to be aborted for some reason */
	MD_RECOVERY_INTR,
	/* sync thread is done and is waiting to be unregistered */
	MD_RECOVERY_DONE,
	/* running sync thread must abort immediately, and not restart */
	MD_RECOVERY_FROZEN,
	/* waiting for pers->start() to finish */
	MD_RECOVERY_WAIT,
	/* interrupted because io-error */
	MD_RECOVERY_ERROR,

	/* flags determines sync action, see details in enum sync_action */

	/* if just this flag is set, action is resync. */
	MD_RECOVERY_SYNC,
	/*
	 * paired with MD_RECOVERY_SYNC, if MD_RECOVERY_CHECK is not set,
	 * action is repair, means user requested resync.
	 */
	MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED,
	/*
	 * paired with MD_RECOVERY_SYNC and MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, action is
	 * check.
	 */
	MD_RECOVERY_CHECK,
	/* recovery, or need to try it */
	MD_RECOVERY_RECOVER,
	/* reshape */
	MD_RECOVERY_RESHAPE,
	/* remote node is running resync thread */
	MD_RESYNCING_REMOTE,
};

enum md_ro_state {
	MD_RDWR,
	MD_RDONLY,
	MD_AUTO_READ,
	MD_MAX_STATE
};

static inline bool md_is_rdwr(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	return (mddev->ro == MD_RDWR);
}

static inline bool reshape_interrupted(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	/* reshape never start */
	if (mddev->reshape_position == MaxSector)
		return false;

	/* interrupted */
	if (!test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_RUNNING, &mddev->recovery))
		return true;

	/* running reshape will be interrupted soon. */
	if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_WAIT, &mddev->recovery) ||
	    test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_INTR, &mddev->recovery) ||
	    test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_FROZEN, &mddev->recovery))
		return true;

	return false;
}

static inline int __must_check mddev_lock(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	return mutex_lock_interruptible(&mddev->reconfig_mutex);
}

/* Sometimes we need to take the lock in a situation where
 * failure due to interrupts is not acceptable.
 */
static inline void mddev_lock_nointr(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	mutex_lock(&mddev->reconfig_mutex);
}

static inline int mddev_trylock(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	return mutex_trylock(&mddev->reconfig_mutex);
}
extern void mddev_unlock(struct mddev *mddev);

static inline void md_sync_acct(struct block_device *bdev, unsigned long nr_sectors)
{
	if (blk_queue_io_stat(bdev->bd_disk->queue))
		atomic_add(nr_sectors, &bdev->bd_disk->sync_io);
}

static inline void md_sync_acct_bio(struct bio *bio, unsigned long nr_sectors)
{
	md_sync_acct(bio->bi_bdev, nr_sectors);
}

struct md_personality
{
	char *name;
	int level;
	struct list_head list;
	struct module *owner;
	bool __must_check (*make_request)(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio *bio);
	/*
	 * start up works that do NOT require md_thread. tasks that
	 * requires md_thread should go into start()
	 */
	int (*run)(struct mddev *mddev);
	/* start up works that require md threads */
	int (*start)(struct mddev *mddev);
	void (*free)(struct mddev *mddev, void *priv);
	void (*status)(struct seq_file *seq, struct mddev *mddev);
	/* error_handler must set ->faulty and clear ->in_sync
	 * if appropriate, and should abort recovery if needed
	 */
	void (*error_handler)(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev);
	int (*hot_add_disk) (struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev);
	int (*hot_remove_disk) (struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev);
	int (*spare_active) (struct mddev *mddev);
	sector_t (*sync_request)(struct mddev *mddev, sector_t sector_nr,
				 sector_t max_sector, int *skipped);
	int (*resize) (struct mddev *mddev, sector_t sectors);
	sector_t (*size) (struct mddev *mddev, sector_t sectors, int raid_disks);
	int (*check_reshape) (struct mddev *mddev);
	int (*start_reshape) (struct mddev *mddev);
	void (*finish_reshape) (struct mddev *mddev);
	void (*update_reshape_pos) (struct mddev *mddev);
	void (*prepare_suspend) (struct mddev *mddev);
	/* quiesce suspends or resumes internal processing.
	 * 1 - stop new actions and wait for action io to complete
	 * 0 - return to normal behaviour
	 */
	void (*quiesce) (struct mddev *mddev, int quiesce);
	/* takeover is used to transition an array from one
	 * personality to another.  The new personality must be able
	 * to handle the data in the current layout.
	 * e.g. 2drive raid1 -> 2drive raid5
	 *      ndrive raid5 -> degraded n+1drive raid6 with special layout
	 * If the takeover succeeds, a new 'private' structure is returned.
	 * This needs to be installed and then ->run used to activate the
	 * array.
	 */
	void *(*takeover) (struct mddev *mddev);
	/* Changes the consistency policy of an active array. */
	int (*change_consistency_policy)(struct mddev *mddev, const char *buf);
};

struct md_sysfs_entry {
	struct attribute attr;
	ssize_t (*show)(struct mddev *, char *);
	ssize_t (*store)(struct mddev *, const char *, size_t);
};
extern const struct attribute_group md_bitmap_group;

static inline struct kernfs_node *sysfs_get_dirent_safe(struct kernfs_node *sd, char *name)
{
	if (sd)
		return sysfs_get_dirent(sd, name);
	return sd;
}
static inline void sysfs_notify_dirent_safe(struct kernfs_node *sd)
{
	if (sd)
		sysfs_notify_dirent(sd);
}

static inline char * mdname (struct mddev * mddev)
{
	return mddev->gendisk ? mddev->gendisk->disk_name : "mdX";
}

static inline int sysfs_link_rdev(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
{
	char nm[20];
	if (!test_bit(Replacement, &rdev->flags) &&
	    !test_bit(Journal, &rdev->flags) &&
	    mddev->kobj.sd) {
		sprintf(nm, "rd%d", rdev->raid_disk);
		return sysfs_create_link(&mddev->kobj, &rdev->kobj, nm);
	} else
		return 0;
}

static inline void sysfs_unlink_rdev(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
{
	char nm[20];
	if (!test_bit(Replacement, &rdev->flags) &&
	    !test_bit(Journal, &rdev->flags) &&
	    mddev->kobj.sd) {
		sprintf(nm, "rd%d", rdev->raid_disk);
		sysfs_remove_link(&mddev->kobj, nm);
	}
}

/*
 * iterates through some rdev ringlist. It's safe to remove the
 * current 'rdev'. Dont touch 'tmp' though.
 */
#define rdev_for_each_list(rdev, tmp, head)				\
	list_for_each_entry_safe(rdev, tmp, head, same_set)

/*
 * iterates through the 'same array disks' ringlist
 */
#define rdev_for_each(rdev, mddev)				\
	list_for_each_entry(rdev, &((mddev)->disks), same_set)

#define rdev_for_each_safe(rdev, tmp, mddev)				\
	list_for_each_entry_safe(rdev, tmp, &((mddev)->disks), same_set)

#define rdev_for_each_rcu(rdev, mddev)				\
	list_for_each_entry_rcu(rdev, &((mddev)->disks), same_set)

struct md_thread {
	void			(*run) (struct md_thread *thread);
	struct mddev		*mddev;
	wait_queue_head_t	wqueue;
	unsigned long		flags;
	struct task_struct	*tsk;
	unsigned long		timeout;
	void			*private;
};

struct md_io_clone {
	struct mddev	*mddev;
	struct bio	*orig_bio;
	unsigned long	start_time;
	struct bio	bio_clone;
};

#define THREAD_WAKEUP  0

static inline void safe_put_page(struct page *p)
{
	if (p) put_page(p);
}

extern int register_md_personality(struct md_personality *p);
extern int unregister_md_personality(struct md_personality *p);
extern int register_md_cluster_operations(const struct md_cluster_operations *ops,
		struct module *module);
extern int unregister_md_cluster_operations(void);
extern int md_setup_cluster(struct mddev *mddev, int nodes);
extern void md_cluster_stop(struct mddev *mddev);
extern struct md_thread *md_register_thread(
	void (*run)(struct md_thread *thread),
	struct mddev *mddev,
	const char *name);
extern void md_unregister_thread(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_thread __rcu **threadp);
extern void md_wakeup_thread(struct md_thread __rcu *thread);
extern void md_check_recovery(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_reap_sync_thread(struct mddev *mddev);
extern enum sync_action md_sync_action(struct mddev *mddev);
extern enum sync_action md_sync_action_by_name(const char *page);
extern const char *md_sync_action_name(enum sync_action action);
extern void md_write_start(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio *bi);
extern void md_write_inc(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio *bi);
extern void md_write_end(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_done_sync(struct mddev *mddev, int blocks, int ok);
extern void md_error(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev);
extern void md_finish_reshape(struct mddev *mddev);
void md_submit_discard_bio(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev,
			struct bio *bio, sector_t start, sector_t size);
void md_account_bio(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio **bio);
void md_free_cloned_bio(struct bio *bio);

extern bool __must_check md_flush_request(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio *bio);
extern void md_super_write(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev,
			   sector_t sector, int size, struct page *page);
extern int md_super_wait(struct mddev *mddev);
extern int sync_page_io(struct md_rdev *rdev, sector_t sector, int size,
		struct page *page, blk_opf_t opf, bool metadata_op);
extern void md_do_sync(struct md_thread *thread);
extern void md_new_event(void);
extern void md_allow_write(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_wait_for_blocked_rdev(struct md_rdev *rdev, struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_set_array_sectors(struct mddev *mddev, sector_t array_sectors);
extern int md_check_no_bitmap(struct mddev *mddev);
extern int md_integrity_register(struct mddev *mddev);
extern int strict_strtoul_scaled(const char *cp, unsigned long *res, int scale);

extern int mddev_init(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void mddev_destroy(struct mddev *mddev);
void md_init_stacking_limits(struct queue_limits *lim);
struct mddev *md_alloc(dev_t dev, char *name);
void mddev_put(struct mddev *mddev);
extern int md_run(struct mddev *mddev);
extern int md_start(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_stop(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_stop_writes(struct mddev *mddev);
extern int md_rdev_init(struct md_rdev *rdev);
extern void md_rdev_clear(struct md_rdev *rdev);

extern bool md_handle_request(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio *bio);
extern int mddev_suspend(struct mddev *mddev, bool interruptible);
extern void mddev_resume(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_idle_sync_thread(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_frozen_sync_thread(struct mddev *mddev);
extern void md_unfrozen_sync_thread(struct mddev *mddev);

extern void md_reload_sb(struct mddev *mddev, int raid_disk);
extern void md_update_sb(struct mddev *mddev, int force);
extern void mddev_create_serial_pool(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev);
extern void mddev_destroy_serial_pool(struct mddev *mddev,
				      struct md_rdev *rdev);
struct md_rdev *md_find_rdev_nr_rcu(struct mddev *mddev, int nr);
struct md_rdev *md_find_rdev_rcu(struct mddev *mddev, dev_t dev);

static inline bool is_rdev_broken(struct md_rdev *rdev)
{
	return !disk_live(rdev->bdev->bd_disk);
}

static inline void rdev_dec_pending(struct md_rdev *rdev, struct mddev *mddev)
{
	int faulty = test_bit(Faulty, &rdev->flags);
	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rdev->nr_pending) && faulty) {
		set_bit(MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED, &mddev->recovery);
		md_wakeup_thread(mddev->thread);
	}
}

extern const struct md_cluster_operations *md_cluster_ops;
static inline int mddev_is_clustered(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	return mddev->cluster_info && mddev->bitmap_info.nodes > 1;
}

/* clear unsupported mddev_flags */
static inline void mddev_clear_unsupported_flags(struct mddev *mddev,
	unsigned long unsupported_flags)
{
	mddev->flags &= ~unsupported_flags;
}

static inline void mddev_check_write_zeroes(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio *bio)
{
	if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES &&
	    !bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk->queue->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors)
		mddev->gendisk->queue->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors = 0;
}

static inline int mddev_suspend_and_lock(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	int ret;

	ret = mddev_suspend(mddev, true);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = mddev_lock(mddev);
	if (ret)
		mddev_resume(mddev);

	return ret;
}

static inline void mddev_suspend_and_lock_nointr(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	mddev_suspend(mddev, false);
	mutex_lock(&mddev->reconfig_mutex);
}

static inline void mddev_unlock_and_resume(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	mddev_unlock(mddev);
	mddev_resume(mddev);
}

struct mdu_array_info_s;
struct mdu_disk_info_s;

extern int mdp_major;
extern struct workqueue_struct *md_bitmap_wq;
void md_autostart_arrays(int part);
int md_set_array_info(struct mddev *mddev, struct mdu_array_info_s *info);
int md_add_new_disk(struct mddev *mddev, struct mdu_disk_info_s *info);
int do_md_run(struct mddev *mddev);
#define MDDEV_STACK_INTEGRITY	(1u << 0)
int mddev_stack_rdev_limits(struct mddev *mddev, struct queue_limits *lim,
		unsigned int flags);
int mddev_stack_new_rdev(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev);
void mddev_update_io_opt(struct mddev *mddev, unsigned int nr_stripes);

extern const struct block_device_operations md_fops;

/*
 * MD devices can be used undeneath by DM, in which case ->gendisk is NULL.
 */
static inline bool mddev_is_dm(struct mddev *mddev)
{
	return !mddev->gendisk;
}

static inline void mddev_trace_remap(struct mddev *mddev, struct bio *bio,
		sector_t sector)
{
	if (!mddev_is_dm(mddev))
		trace_block_bio_remap(bio, disk_devt(mddev->gendisk), sector);
}

#define mddev_add_trace_msg(mddev, fmt, args...)			\
do {									\
	if (!mddev_is_dm(mddev))					\
		blk_add_trace_msg((mddev)->gendisk->queue, fmt, ##args); \
} while (0)

#endif /* _MD_MD_H */