xref: /linux/drivers/md/bcache/bcache.h (revision 0340dc4c82590d8735c58cf904a8aa1173273ab5)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 #ifndef _BCACHE_H
3 #define _BCACHE_H
4 
5 /*
6  * SOME HIGH LEVEL CODE DOCUMENTATION:
7  *
8  * Bcache mostly works with cache sets, cache devices, and backing devices.
9  *
10  * Support for multiple cache devices hasn't quite been finished off yet, but
11  * it's about 95% plumbed through. A cache set and its cache devices is sort of
12  * like a md raid array and its component devices. Most of the code doesn't care
13  * about individual cache devices, the main abstraction is the cache set.
14  *
15  * Multiple cache devices is intended to give us the ability to mirror dirty
16  * cached data and metadata, without mirroring clean cached data.
17  *
18  * Backing devices are different, in that they have a lifetime independent of a
19  * cache set. When you register a newly formatted backing device it'll come up
20  * in passthrough mode, and then you can attach and detach a backing device from
21  * a cache set at runtime - while it's mounted and in use. Detaching implicitly
22  * invalidates any cached data for that backing device.
23  *
24  * A cache set can have multiple (many) backing devices attached to it.
25  *
26  * There's also flash only volumes - this is the reason for the distinction
27  * between struct cached_dev and struct bcache_device. A flash only volume
28  * works much like a bcache device that has a backing device, except the
29  * "cached" data is always dirty. The end result is that we get thin
30  * provisioning with very little additional code.
31  *
32  * Flash only volumes work but they're not production ready because the moving
33  * garbage collector needs more work. More on that later.
34  *
35  * BUCKETS/ALLOCATION:
36  *
37  * Bcache is primarily designed for caching, which means that in normal
38  * operation all of our available space will be allocated. Thus, we need an
39  * efficient way of deleting things from the cache so we can write new things to
40  * it.
41  *
42  * To do this, we first divide the cache device up into buckets. A bucket is the
43  * unit of allocation; they're typically around 1 mb - anywhere from 128k to 2M+
44  * works efficiently.
45  *
46  * Each bucket has a 16 bit priority, and an 8 bit generation associated with
47  * it. The gens and priorities for all the buckets are stored contiguously and
48  * packed on disk (in a linked list of buckets - aside from the superblock, all
49  * of bcache's metadata is stored in buckets).
50  *
51  * The priority is used to implement an LRU. We reset a bucket's priority when
52  * we allocate it or on cache it, and every so often we decrement the priority
53  * of each bucket. It could be used to implement something more sophisticated,
54  * if anyone ever gets around to it.
55  *
56  * The generation is used for invalidating buckets. Each pointer also has an 8
57  * bit generation embedded in it; for a pointer to be considered valid, its gen
58  * must match the gen of the bucket it points into.  Thus, to reuse a bucket all
59  * we have to do is increment its gen (and write its new gen to disk; we batch
60  * this up).
61  *
62  * Bcache is entirely COW - we never write twice to a bucket, even buckets that
63  * contain metadata (including btree nodes).
64  *
65  * THE BTREE:
66  *
67  * Bcache is in large part design around the btree.
68  *
69  * At a high level, the btree is just an index of key -> ptr tuples.
70  *
71  * Keys represent extents, and thus have a size field. Keys also have a variable
72  * number of pointers attached to them (potentially zero, which is handy for
73  * invalidating the cache).
74  *
75  * The key itself is an inode:offset pair. The inode number corresponds to a
76  * backing device or a flash only volume. The offset is the ending offset of the
77  * extent within the inode - not the starting offset; this makes lookups
78  * slightly more convenient.
79  *
80  * Pointers contain the cache device id, the offset on that device, and an 8 bit
81  * generation number. More on the gen later.
82  *
83  * Index lookups are not fully abstracted - cache lookups in particular are
84  * still somewhat mixed in with the btree code, but things are headed in that
85  * direction.
86  *
87  * Updates are fairly well abstracted, though. There are two different ways of
88  * updating the btree; insert and replace.
89  *
90  * BTREE_INSERT will just take a list of keys and insert them into the btree -
91  * overwriting (possibly only partially) any extents they overlap with. This is
92  * used to update the index after a write.
93  *
94  * BTREE_REPLACE is really cmpxchg(); it inserts a key into the btree iff it is
95  * overwriting a key that matches another given key. This is used for inserting
96  * data into the cache after a cache miss, and for background writeback, and for
97  * the moving garbage collector.
98  *
99  * There is no "delete" operation; deleting things from the index is
100  * accomplished by either by invalidating pointers (by incrementing a bucket's
101  * gen) or by inserting a key with 0 pointers - which will overwrite anything
102  * previously present at that location in the index.
103  *
104  * This means that there are always stale/invalid keys in the btree. They're
105  * filtered out by the code that iterates through a btree node, and removed when
106  * a btree node is rewritten.
107  *
108  * BTREE NODES:
109  *
110  * Our unit of allocation is a bucket, and we can't arbitrarily allocate and
111  * free smaller than a bucket - so, that's how big our btree nodes are.
112  *
113  * (If buckets are really big we'll only use part of the bucket for a btree node
114  * - no less than 1/4th - but a bucket still contains no more than a single
115  * btree node. I'd actually like to change this, but for now we rely on the
116  * bucket's gen for deleting btree nodes when we rewrite/split a node.)
117  *
118  * Anyways, btree nodes are big - big enough to be inefficient with a textbook
119  * btree implementation.
120  *
121  * The way this is solved is that btree nodes are internally log structured; we
122  * can append new keys to an existing btree node without rewriting it. This
123  * means each set of keys we write is sorted, but the node is not.
124  *
125  * We maintain this log structure in memory - keeping 1Mb of keys sorted would
126  * be expensive, and we have to distinguish between the keys we have written and
127  * the keys we haven't. So to do a lookup in a btree node, we have to search
128  * each sorted set. But we do merge written sets together lazily, so the cost of
129  * these extra searches is quite low (normally most of the keys in a btree node
130  * will be in one big set, and then there'll be one or two sets that are much
131  * smaller).
132  *
133  * This log structure makes bcache's btree more of a hybrid between a
134  * conventional btree and a compacting data structure, with some of the
135  * advantages of both.
136  *
137  * GARBAGE COLLECTION:
138  *
139  * We can't just invalidate any bucket - it might contain dirty data or
140  * metadata. If it once contained dirty data, other writes might overwrite it
141  * later, leaving no valid pointers into that bucket in the index.
142  *
143  * Thus, the primary purpose of garbage collection is to find buckets to reuse.
144  * It also counts how much valid data it each bucket currently contains, so that
145  * allocation can reuse buckets sooner when they've been mostly overwritten.
146  *
147  * It also does some things that are really internal to the btree
148  * implementation. If a btree node contains pointers that are stale by more than
149  * some threshold, it rewrites the btree node to avoid the bucket's generation
150  * wrapping around. It also merges adjacent btree nodes if they're empty enough.
151  *
152  * THE JOURNAL:
153  *
154  * Bcache's journal is not necessary for consistency; we always strictly
155  * order metadata writes so that the btree and everything else is consistent on
156  * disk in the event of an unclean shutdown, and in fact bcache had writeback
157  * caching (with recovery from unclean shutdown) before journalling was
158  * implemented.
159  *
160  * Rather, the journal is purely a performance optimization; we can't complete a
161  * write until we've updated the index on disk, otherwise the cache would be
162  * inconsistent in the event of an unclean shutdown. This means that without the
163  * journal, on random write workloads we constantly have to update all the leaf
164  * nodes in the btree, and those writes will be mostly empty (appending at most
165  * a few keys each) - highly inefficient in terms of amount of metadata writes,
166  * and it puts more strain on the various btree resorting/compacting code.
167  *
168  * The journal is just a log of keys we've inserted; on startup we just reinsert
169  * all the keys in the open journal entries. That means that when we're updating
170  * a node in the btree, we can wait until a 4k block of keys fills up before
171  * writing them out.
172  *
173  * For simplicity, we only journal updates to leaf nodes; updates to parent
174  * nodes are rare enough (since our leaf nodes are huge) that it wasn't worth
175  * the complexity to deal with journalling them (in particular, journal replay)
176  * - updates to non leaf nodes just happen synchronously (see btree_split()).
177  */
178 
179 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "bcache: %s() " fmt, __func__
180 
181 #include <linux/bio.h>
182 #include <linux/closure.h>
183 #include <linux/kobject.h>
184 #include <linux/list.h>
185 #include <linux/mutex.h>
186 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
187 #include <linux/rwsem.h>
188 #include <linux/refcount.h>
189 #include <linux/types.h>
190 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
191 #include <linux/kthread.h>
192 
193 #include "bcache_ondisk.h"
194 #include "bset.h"
195 #include "util.h"
196 
197 struct bucket {
198 	atomic_t	pin;
199 	uint16_t	prio;
200 	uint8_t		gen;
201 	uint8_t		last_gc; /* Most out of date gen in the btree */
202 	uint16_t	gc_mark; /* Bitfield used by GC. See below for field */
203 };
204 
205 /*
206  * I'd use bitfields for these, but I don't trust the compiler not to screw me
207  * as multiple threads touch struct bucket without locking
208  */
209 
210 BITMASK(GC_MARK,	 struct bucket, gc_mark, 0, 2);
211 #define GC_MARK_RECLAIMABLE	1
212 #define GC_MARK_DIRTY		2
213 #define GC_MARK_METADATA	3
214 #define GC_SECTORS_USED_SIZE	13
215 #define MAX_GC_SECTORS_USED	(~(~0ULL << GC_SECTORS_USED_SIZE))
216 BITMASK(GC_SECTORS_USED, struct bucket, gc_mark, 2, GC_SECTORS_USED_SIZE);
217 BITMASK(GC_MOVE, struct bucket, gc_mark, 15, 1);
218 
219 #include "journal.h"
220 #include "stats.h"
221 struct search;
222 struct btree;
223 struct keybuf;
224 
225 struct keybuf_key {
226 	struct rb_node		node;
227 	BKEY_PADDED(key);
228 	void			*private;
229 };
230 
231 struct keybuf {
232 	struct bkey		last_scanned;
233 	spinlock_t		lock;
234 
235 	/*
236 	 * Beginning and end of range in rb tree - so that we can skip taking
237 	 * lock and checking the rb tree when we need to check for overlapping
238 	 * keys.
239 	 */
240 	struct bkey		start;
241 	struct bkey		end;
242 
243 	struct rb_root		keys;
244 
245 #define KEYBUF_NR		500
246 	DECLARE_ARRAY_ALLOCATOR(struct keybuf_key, freelist, KEYBUF_NR);
247 };
248 
249 struct bcache_device {
250 	struct closure		cl;
251 
252 	struct kobject		kobj;
253 
254 	struct cache_set	*c;
255 	unsigned int		id;
256 #define BCACHEDEVNAME_SIZE	12
257 	char			name[BCACHEDEVNAME_SIZE];
258 
259 	struct gendisk		*disk;
260 
261 	unsigned long		flags;
262 #define BCACHE_DEV_CLOSING		0
263 #define BCACHE_DEV_DETACHING		1
264 #define BCACHE_DEV_UNLINK_DONE		2
265 #define BCACHE_DEV_WB_RUNNING		3
266 #define BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING	4
267 	int			nr_stripes;
268 #define BCH_MIN_STRIPE_SZ		((4 << 20) >> SECTOR_SHIFT)
269 	unsigned int		stripe_size;
270 	atomic_t		*stripe_sectors_dirty;
271 	unsigned long		*full_dirty_stripes;
272 
273 	struct bio_set		bio_split;
274 
275 	unsigned int		data_csum:1;
276 
277 	int (*cache_miss)(struct btree *b, struct search *s,
278 			  struct bio *bio, unsigned int sectors);
279 	int (*ioctl)(struct bcache_device *d, blk_mode_t mode,
280 		     unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
281 };
282 
283 struct io {
284 	/* Used to track sequential IO so it can be skipped */
285 	struct hlist_node	hash;
286 	struct list_head	lru;
287 
288 	unsigned long		jiffies;
289 	unsigned int		sequential;
290 	sector_t		last;
291 };
292 
293 enum stop_on_failure {
294 	BCH_CACHED_DEV_STOP_AUTO = 0,
295 	BCH_CACHED_DEV_STOP_ALWAYS,
296 	BCH_CACHED_DEV_STOP_MODE_MAX,
297 };
298 
299 struct cached_dev {
300 	struct list_head	list;
301 	struct bcache_device	disk;
302 	struct block_device	*bdev;
303 	struct file		*bdev_file;
304 
305 	struct cache_sb		sb;
306 	struct cache_sb_disk	*sb_disk;
307 	struct bio		sb_bio;
308 	struct bio_vec		sb_bv[1];
309 	struct closure		sb_write;
310 	struct semaphore	sb_write_mutex;
311 
312 	/* Refcount on the cache set. Always nonzero when we're caching. */
313 	refcount_t		count;
314 	struct work_struct	detach;
315 
316 	/*
317 	 * Device might not be running if it's dirty and the cache set hasn't
318 	 * showed up yet.
319 	 */
320 	atomic_t		running;
321 
322 	/*
323 	 * Writes take a shared lock from start to finish; scanning for dirty
324 	 * data to refill the rb tree requires an exclusive lock.
325 	 */
326 	struct rw_semaphore	writeback_lock;
327 
328 	/*
329 	 * Nonzero, and writeback has a refcount (d->count), iff there is dirty
330 	 * data in the cache. Protected by writeback_lock; must have an
331 	 * shared lock to set and exclusive lock to clear.
332 	 */
333 	atomic_t		has_dirty;
334 
335 #define BCH_CACHE_READA_ALL		0
336 #define BCH_CACHE_READA_META_ONLY	1
337 	unsigned int		cache_readahead_policy;
338 	struct bch_ratelimit	writeback_rate;
339 	struct delayed_work	writeback_rate_update;
340 
341 	/* Limit number of writeback bios in flight */
342 	struct semaphore	in_flight;
343 	struct task_struct	*writeback_thread;
344 	struct workqueue_struct	*writeback_write_wq;
345 
346 	struct keybuf		writeback_keys;
347 
348 	struct task_struct	*status_update_thread;
349 	/*
350 	 * Order the write-half of writeback operations strongly in dispatch
351 	 * order.  (Maintain LBA order; don't allow reads completing out of
352 	 * order to re-order the writes...)
353 	 */
354 	struct closure_waitlist writeback_ordering_wait;
355 	atomic_t		writeback_sequence_next;
356 
357 	/* For tracking sequential IO */
358 #define RECENT_IO_BITS	7
359 #define RECENT_IO	(1 << RECENT_IO_BITS)
360 	struct io		io[RECENT_IO];
361 	struct hlist_head	io_hash[RECENT_IO + 1];
362 	struct list_head	io_lru;
363 	spinlock_t		io_lock;
364 
365 	struct cache_accounting	accounting;
366 
367 	/* The rest of this all shows up in sysfs */
368 	unsigned int		sequential_cutoff;
369 
370 	unsigned int		io_disable:1;
371 	unsigned int		verify:1;
372 	unsigned int		bypass_torture_test:1;
373 
374 	unsigned int		partial_stripes_expensive:1;
375 	unsigned int		writeback_metadata:1;
376 	unsigned int		writeback_running:1;
377 	unsigned int		writeback_consider_fragment:1;
378 	unsigned char		writeback_percent;
379 	unsigned int		writeback_delay;
380 
381 	uint64_t		writeback_rate_target;
382 	int64_t			writeback_rate_proportional;
383 	int64_t			writeback_rate_integral;
384 	int64_t			writeback_rate_integral_scaled;
385 	int32_t			writeback_rate_change;
386 
387 	unsigned int		writeback_rate_update_seconds;
388 	unsigned int		writeback_rate_i_term_inverse;
389 	unsigned int		writeback_rate_p_term_inverse;
390 	unsigned int		writeback_rate_fp_term_low;
391 	unsigned int		writeback_rate_fp_term_mid;
392 	unsigned int		writeback_rate_fp_term_high;
393 	unsigned int		writeback_rate_minimum;
394 
395 	enum stop_on_failure	stop_when_cache_set_failed;
396 #define DEFAULT_CACHED_DEV_ERROR_LIMIT	64
397 	atomic_t		io_errors;
398 	unsigned int		error_limit;
399 	unsigned int		offline_seconds;
400 
401 	/*
402 	 * Retry to update writeback_rate if contention happens for
403 	 * down_read(dc->writeback_lock) in update_writeback_rate()
404 	 */
405 #define BCH_WBRATE_UPDATE_MAX_SKIPS	15
406 	unsigned int		rate_update_retry;
407 };
408 
409 enum alloc_reserve {
410 	RESERVE_BTREE,
411 	RESERVE_PRIO,
412 	RESERVE_MOVINGGC,
413 	RESERVE_NONE,
414 	RESERVE_NR,
415 };
416 
417 struct cache {
418 	struct cache_set	*set;
419 	struct cache_sb		sb;
420 	struct cache_sb_disk	*sb_disk;
421 	struct bio		sb_bio;
422 	struct bio_vec		sb_bv[1];
423 
424 	struct kobject		kobj;
425 	struct block_device	*bdev;
426 	struct file		*bdev_file;
427 
428 	struct task_struct	*alloc_thread;
429 
430 	struct closure		prio;
431 	struct prio_set		*disk_buckets;
432 
433 	/*
434 	 * When allocating new buckets, prio_write() gets first dibs - since we
435 	 * may not be allocate at all without writing priorities and gens.
436 	 * prio_last_buckets[] contains the last buckets we wrote priorities to
437 	 * (so gc can mark them as metadata), prio_buckets[] contains the
438 	 * buckets allocated for the next prio write.
439 	 */
440 	uint64_t		*prio_buckets;
441 	uint64_t		*prio_last_buckets;
442 
443 	/*
444 	 * free: Buckets that are ready to be used
445 	 *
446 	 * free_inc: Incoming buckets - these are buckets that currently have
447 	 * cached data in them, and we can't reuse them until after we write
448 	 * their new gen to disk. After prio_write() finishes writing the new
449 	 * gens/prios, they'll be moved to the free list (and possibly discarded
450 	 * in the process)
451 	 */
452 	DECLARE_FIFO(long, free)[RESERVE_NR];
453 	DECLARE_FIFO(long, free_inc);
454 
455 	size_t			fifo_last_bucket;
456 
457 	/* Allocation stuff: */
458 	struct bucket		*buckets;
459 
460 	DECLARE_HEAP(struct bucket *, heap);
461 
462 	/*
463 	 * If nonzero, we know we aren't going to find any buckets to invalidate
464 	 * until a gc finishes - otherwise we could pointlessly burn a ton of
465 	 * cpu
466 	 */
467 	unsigned int		invalidate_needs_gc;
468 
469 	bool			discard; /* Get rid of? */
470 
471 	struct journal_device	journal;
472 
473 	/* The rest of this all shows up in sysfs */
474 #define IO_ERROR_SHIFT		20
475 	atomic_t		io_errors;
476 	atomic_t		io_count;
477 
478 	atomic_long_t		meta_sectors_written;
479 	atomic_long_t		btree_sectors_written;
480 	atomic_long_t		sectors_written;
481 };
482 
483 struct gc_stat {
484 	size_t			nodes;
485 	size_t			nodes_pre;
486 	size_t			key_bytes;
487 
488 	size_t			nkeys;
489 	uint64_t		data;	/* sectors */
490 	unsigned int		in_use; /* percent */
491 };
492 
493 /*
494  * Flag bits, for how the cache set is shutting down, and what phase it's at:
495  *
496  * CACHE_SET_UNREGISTERING means we're not just shutting down, we're detaching
497  * all the backing devices first (their cached data gets invalidated, and they
498  * won't automatically reattach).
499  *
500  * CACHE_SET_STOPPING always gets set first when we're closing down a cache set;
501  * we'll continue to run normally for awhile with CACHE_SET_STOPPING set (i.e.
502  * flushing dirty data).
503  *
504  * CACHE_SET_RUNNING means all cache devices have been registered and journal
505  * replay is complete.
506  *
507  * CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE is set when bcache is stopping the whold cache set, all
508  * external and internal I/O should be denied when this flag is set.
509  *
510  */
511 #define CACHE_SET_UNREGISTERING		0
512 #define	CACHE_SET_STOPPING		1
513 #define	CACHE_SET_RUNNING		2
514 #define CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE		3
515 
516 struct cache_set {
517 	struct closure		cl;
518 
519 	struct list_head	list;
520 	struct kobject		kobj;
521 	struct kobject		internal;
522 	struct dentry		*debug;
523 	struct cache_accounting accounting;
524 
525 	unsigned long		flags;
526 	atomic_t		idle_counter;
527 	atomic_t		at_max_writeback_rate;
528 
529 	struct cache		*cache;
530 
531 	struct bcache_device	**devices;
532 	unsigned int		devices_max_used;
533 	atomic_t		attached_dev_nr;
534 	struct list_head	cached_devs;
535 	uint64_t		cached_dev_sectors;
536 	atomic_long_t		flash_dev_dirty_sectors;
537 	struct closure		caching;
538 
539 	struct closure		sb_write;
540 	struct semaphore	sb_write_mutex;
541 
542 	mempool_t		search;
543 	mempool_t		bio_meta;
544 	struct bio_set		bio_split;
545 
546 	/* For the btree cache */
547 	struct shrinker		*shrink;
548 
549 	/* For the btree cache and anything allocation related */
550 	struct mutex		bucket_lock;
551 
552 	/* log2(bucket_size), in sectors */
553 	unsigned short		bucket_bits;
554 
555 	/* log2(block_size), in sectors */
556 	unsigned short		block_bits;
557 
558 	/*
559 	 * Default number of pages for a new btree node - may be less than a
560 	 * full bucket
561 	 */
562 	unsigned int		btree_pages;
563 
564 	/*
565 	 * Lists of struct btrees; lru is the list for structs that have memory
566 	 * allocated for actual btree node, freed is for structs that do not.
567 	 *
568 	 * We never free a struct btree, except on shutdown - we just put it on
569 	 * the btree_cache_freed list and reuse it later. This simplifies the
570 	 * code, and it doesn't cost us much memory as the memory usage is
571 	 * dominated by buffers that hold the actual btree node data and those
572 	 * can be freed - and the number of struct btrees allocated is
573 	 * effectively bounded.
574 	 *
575 	 * btree_cache_freeable effectively is a small cache - we use it because
576 	 * high order page allocations can be rather expensive, and it's quite
577 	 * common to delete and allocate btree nodes in quick succession. It
578 	 * should never grow past ~2-3 nodes in practice.
579 	 */
580 	struct list_head	btree_cache;
581 	struct list_head	btree_cache_freeable;
582 	struct list_head	btree_cache_freed;
583 
584 	/* Number of elements in btree_cache + btree_cache_freeable lists */
585 	unsigned int		btree_cache_used;
586 
587 	/*
588 	 * If we need to allocate memory for a new btree node and that
589 	 * allocation fails, we can cannibalize another node in the btree cache
590 	 * to satisfy the allocation - lock to guarantee only one thread does
591 	 * this at a time:
592 	 */
593 	wait_queue_head_t	btree_cache_wait;
594 	struct task_struct	*btree_cache_alloc_lock;
595 	spinlock_t		btree_cannibalize_lock;
596 
597 	/*
598 	 * When we free a btree node, we increment the gen of the bucket the
599 	 * node is in - but we can't rewrite the prios and gens until we
600 	 * finished whatever it is we were doing, otherwise after a crash the
601 	 * btree node would be freed but for say a split, we might not have the
602 	 * pointers to the new nodes inserted into the btree yet.
603 	 *
604 	 * This is a refcount that blocks prio_write() until the new keys are
605 	 * written.
606 	 */
607 	atomic_t		prio_blocked;
608 	wait_queue_head_t	bucket_wait;
609 
610 	/*
611 	 * For any bio we don't skip we subtract the number of sectors from
612 	 * rescale; when it hits 0 we rescale all the bucket priorities.
613 	 */
614 	atomic_t		rescale;
615 	/*
616 	 * used for GC, identify if any front side I/Os is inflight
617 	 */
618 	atomic_t		search_inflight;
619 	/*
620 	 * When we invalidate buckets, we use both the priority and the amount
621 	 * of good data to determine which buckets to reuse first - to weight
622 	 * those together consistently we keep track of the smallest nonzero
623 	 * priority of any bucket.
624 	 */
625 	uint16_t		min_prio;
626 
627 	/*
628 	 * max(gen - last_gc) for all buckets. When it gets too big we have to
629 	 * gc to keep gens from wrapping around.
630 	 */
631 	uint8_t			need_gc;
632 	struct gc_stat		gc_stats;
633 	size_t			nbuckets;
634 	size_t			avail_nbuckets;
635 
636 	struct task_struct	*gc_thread;
637 	/* Where in the btree gc currently is */
638 	struct bkey		gc_done;
639 
640 	/*
641 	 * For automatical garbage collection after writeback completed, this
642 	 * varialbe is used as bit fields,
643 	 * - 0000 0001b (BCH_ENABLE_AUTO_GC): enable gc after writeback
644 	 * - 0000 0010b (BCH_DO_AUTO_GC):     do gc after writeback
645 	 * This is an optimization for following write request after writeback
646 	 * finished, but read hit rate dropped due to clean data on cache is
647 	 * discarded. Unless user explicitly sets it via sysfs, it won't be
648 	 * enabled.
649 	 */
650 #define BCH_ENABLE_AUTO_GC	1
651 #define BCH_DO_AUTO_GC		2
652 	uint8_t			gc_after_writeback;
653 
654 	/*
655 	 * The allocation code needs gc_mark in struct bucket to be correct, but
656 	 * it's not while a gc is in progress. Protected by bucket_lock.
657 	 */
658 	int			gc_mark_valid;
659 
660 	/* Counts how many sectors bio_insert has added to the cache */
661 	atomic_t		sectors_to_gc;
662 	wait_queue_head_t	gc_wait;
663 
664 	struct keybuf		moving_gc_keys;
665 	/* Number of moving GC bios in flight */
666 	struct semaphore	moving_in_flight;
667 
668 	struct workqueue_struct	*moving_gc_wq;
669 
670 	struct btree		*root;
671 
672 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHE_DEBUG
673 	struct btree		*verify_data;
674 	struct bset		*verify_ondisk;
675 	struct mutex		verify_lock;
676 #endif
677 
678 	uint8_t			set_uuid[16];
679 	unsigned int		nr_uuids;
680 	struct uuid_entry	*uuids;
681 	BKEY_PADDED(uuid_bucket);
682 	struct closure		uuid_write;
683 	struct semaphore	uuid_write_mutex;
684 
685 	/*
686 	 * A btree node on disk could have too many bsets for an iterator to fit
687 	 * on the stack - have to dynamically allocate them.
688 	 * bch_cache_set_alloc() will make sure the pool can allocate iterators
689 	 * equipped with enough room that can host
690 	 *     (sb.bucket_size / sb.block_size)
691 	 * btree_iter_sets, which is more than static MAX_BSETS.
692 	 */
693 	mempool_t		fill_iter;
694 
695 	struct bset_sort_state	sort;
696 
697 	/* List of buckets we're currently writing data to */
698 	struct list_head	data_buckets;
699 	spinlock_t		data_bucket_lock;
700 
701 	struct journal		journal;
702 
703 #define CONGESTED_MAX		1024
704 	unsigned int		congested_last_us;
705 	atomic_t		congested;
706 
707 	/* The rest of this all shows up in sysfs */
708 	unsigned int		congested_read_threshold_us;
709 	unsigned int		congested_write_threshold_us;
710 
711 	struct time_stats	btree_gc_time;
712 	struct time_stats	btree_split_time;
713 	struct time_stats	btree_read_time;
714 
715 	atomic_long_t		cache_read_races;
716 	atomic_long_t		writeback_keys_done;
717 	atomic_long_t		writeback_keys_failed;
718 
719 	atomic_long_t		reclaim;
720 	atomic_long_t		reclaimed_journal_buckets;
721 	atomic_long_t		flush_write;
722 
723 	enum			{
724 		ON_ERROR_UNREGISTER,
725 		ON_ERROR_PANIC,
726 	}			on_error;
727 #define DEFAULT_IO_ERROR_LIMIT 8
728 	unsigned int		error_limit;
729 	unsigned int		error_decay;
730 
731 	unsigned short		journal_delay_ms;
732 	bool			expensive_debug_checks;
733 	unsigned int		verify:1;
734 	unsigned int		key_merging_disabled:1;
735 	unsigned int		gc_always_rewrite:1;
736 	unsigned int		shrinker_disabled:1;
737 	unsigned int		copy_gc_enabled:1;
738 	unsigned int		idle_max_writeback_rate_enabled:1;
739 
740 #define BUCKET_HASH_BITS	12
741 	struct hlist_head	bucket_hash[1 << BUCKET_HASH_BITS];
742 };
743 
744 struct bbio {
745 	unsigned int		submit_time_us;
746 	union {
747 		struct bkey	key;
748 		uint64_t	_pad[3];
749 		/*
750 		 * We only need pad = 3 here because we only ever carry around a
751 		 * single pointer - i.e. the pointer we're doing io to/from.
752 		 */
753 	};
754 	struct bio		bio;
755 };
756 
757 #define BTREE_PRIO		USHRT_MAX
758 #define INITIAL_PRIO		32768U
759 
760 #define btree_bytes(c)		((c)->btree_pages * PAGE_SIZE)
761 #define btree_blocks(b)							\
762 	((unsigned int) (KEY_SIZE(&b->key) >> (b)->c->block_bits))
763 
764 #define btree_default_blocks(c)						\
765 	((unsigned int) ((PAGE_SECTORS * (c)->btree_pages) >> (c)->block_bits))
766 
767 #define bucket_bytes(ca)	((ca)->sb.bucket_size << 9)
768 #define block_bytes(ca)		((ca)->sb.block_size << 9)
769 
770 static inline unsigned int meta_bucket_pages(struct cache_sb *sb)
771 {
772 	unsigned int n, max_pages;
773 
774 	max_pages = min_t(unsigned int,
775 			  __rounddown_pow_of_two(USHRT_MAX) / PAGE_SECTORS,
776 			  MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
777 
778 	n = sb->bucket_size / PAGE_SECTORS;
779 	if (n > max_pages)
780 		n = max_pages;
781 
782 	return n;
783 }
784 
785 static inline unsigned int meta_bucket_bytes(struct cache_sb *sb)
786 {
787 	return meta_bucket_pages(sb) << PAGE_SHIFT;
788 }
789 
790 #define prios_per_bucket(ca)						\
791 	((meta_bucket_bytes(&(ca)->sb) - sizeof(struct prio_set)) /	\
792 	 sizeof(struct bucket_disk))
793 
794 #define prio_buckets(ca)						\
795 	DIV_ROUND_UP((size_t) (ca)->sb.nbuckets, prios_per_bucket(ca))
796 
797 static inline size_t sector_to_bucket(struct cache_set *c, sector_t s)
798 {
799 	return s >> c->bucket_bits;
800 }
801 
802 static inline sector_t bucket_to_sector(struct cache_set *c, size_t b)
803 {
804 	return ((sector_t) b) << c->bucket_bits;
805 }
806 
807 static inline sector_t bucket_remainder(struct cache_set *c, sector_t s)
808 {
809 	return s & (c->cache->sb.bucket_size - 1);
810 }
811 
812 static inline size_t PTR_BUCKET_NR(struct cache_set *c,
813 				   const struct bkey *k,
814 				   unsigned int ptr)
815 {
816 	return sector_to_bucket(c, PTR_OFFSET(k, ptr));
817 }
818 
819 static inline struct bucket *PTR_BUCKET(struct cache_set *c,
820 					const struct bkey *k,
821 					unsigned int ptr)
822 {
823 	return c->cache->buckets + PTR_BUCKET_NR(c, k, ptr);
824 }
825 
826 static inline uint8_t gen_after(uint8_t a, uint8_t b)
827 {
828 	uint8_t r = a - b;
829 
830 	return r > 128U ? 0 : r;
831 }
832 
833 static inline uint8_t ptr_stale(struct cache_set *c, const struct bkey *k,
834 				unsigned int i)
835 {
836 	return gen_after(PTR_BUCKET(c, k, i)->gen, PTR_GEN(k, i));
837 }
838 
839 static inline bool ptr_available(struct cache_set *c, const struct bkey *k,
840 				 unsigned int i)
841 {
842 	return (PTR_DEV(k, i) < MAX_CACHES_PER_SET) && c->cache;
843 }
844 
845 /* Btree key macros */
846 
847 /*
848  * This is used for various on disk data structures - cache_sb, prio_set, bset,
849  * jset: The checksum is _always_ the first 8 bytes of these structs
850  */
851 #define csum_set(i)							\
852 	bch_crc64(((void *) (i)) + sizeof(uint64_t),			\
853 		  ((void *) bset_bkey_last(i)) -			\
854 		  (((void *) (i)) + sizeof(uint64_t)))
855 
856 /* Error handling macros */
857 
858 #define btree_bug(b, ...)						\
859 do {									\
860 	if (bch_cache_set_error((b)->c, __VA_ARGS__))			\
861 		dump_stack();						\
862 } while (0)
863 
864 #define cache_bug(c, ...)						\
865 do {									\
866 	if (bch_cache_set_error(c, __VA_ARGS__))			\
867 		dump_stack();						\
868 } while (0)
869 
870 #define btree_bug_on(cond, b, ...)					\
871 do {									\
872 	if (cond)							\
873 		btree_bug(b, __VA_ARGS__);				\
874 } while (0)
875 
876 #define cache_bug_on(cond, c, ...)					\
877 do {									\
878 	if (cond)							\
879 		cache_bug(c, __VA_ARGS__);				\
880 } while (0)
881 
882 #define cache_set_err_on(cond, c, ...)					\
883 do {									\
884 	if (cond)							\
885 		bch_cache_set_error(c, __VA_ARGS__);			\
886 } while (0)
887 
888 /* Looping macros */
889 
890 #define for_each_bucket(b, ca)						\
891 	for (b = (ca)->buckets + (ca)->sb.first_bucket;			\
892 	     b < (ca)->buckets + (ca)->sb.nbuckets; b++)
893 
894 static inline void cached_dev_put(struct cached_dev *dc)
895 {
896 	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&dc->count))
897 		schedule_work(&dc->detach);
898 }
899 
900 static inline bool cached_dev_get(struct cached_dev *dc)
901 {
902 	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&dc->count))
903 		return false;
904 
905 	/* Paired with the mb in cached_dev_attach */
906 	smp_mb__after_atomic();
907 	return true;
908 }
909 
910 /*
911  * bucket_gc_gen() returns the difference between the bucket's current gen and
912  * the oldest gen of any pointer into that bucket in the btree (last_gc).
913  */
914 
915 static inline uint8_t bucket_gc_gen(struct bucket *b)
916 {
917 	return b->gen - b->last_gc;
918 }
919 
920 #define BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX	96U
921 
922 #define kobj_attribute_write(n, fn)					\
923 	static struct kobj_attribute ksysfs_##n = __ATTR(n, 0200, NULL, fn)
924 
925 #define kobj_attribute_rw(n, show, store)				\
926 	static struct kobj_attribute ksysfs_##n =			\
927 		__ATTR(n, 0600, show, store)
928 
929 static inline void wake_up_allocators(struct cache_set *c)
930 {
931 	struct cache *ca = c->cache;
932 
933 	wake_up_process(ca->alloc_thread);
934 }
935 
936 static inline void closure_bio_submit(struct cache_set *c,
937 				      struct bio *bio,
938 				      struct closure *cl)
939 {
940 	closure_get(cl);
941 	if (unlikely(test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &c->flags))) {
942 		bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
943 		bio_endio(bio);
944 		return;
945 	}
946 	submit_bio_noacct(bio);
947 }
948 
949 /*
950  * Prevent the kthread exits directly, and make sure when kthread_stop()
951  * is called to stop a kthread, it is still alive. If a kthread might be
952  * stopped by CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE bit set, wait_for_kthread_stop() is
953  * necessary before the kthread returns.
954  */
955 static inline void wait_for_kthread_stop(void)
956 {
957 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
958 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
959 		schedule();
960 	}
961 }
962 
963 /* Forward declarations */
964 
965 void bch_count_backing_io_errors(struct cached_dev *dc, struct bio *bio);
966 void bch_count_io_errors(struct cache *ca, blk_status_t error,
967 			 int is_read, const char *m);
968 void bch_bbio_count_io_errors(struct cache_set *c, struct bio *bio,
969 			      blk_status_t error, const char *m);
970 void bch_bbio_endio(struct cache_set *c, struct bio *bio,
971 		    blk_status_t error, const char *m);
972 void bch_bbio_free(struct bio *bio, struct cache_set *c);
973 struct bio *bch_bbio_alloc(struct cache_set *c);
974 
975 void __bch_submit_bbio(struct bio *bio, struct cache_set *c);
976 void bch_submit_bbio(struct bio *bio, struct cache_set *c,
977 		     struct bkey *k, unsigned int ptr);
978 
979 uint8_t bch_inc_gen(struct cache *ca, struct bucket *b);
980 void bch_rescale_priorities(struct cache_set *c, int sectors);
981 
982 bool bch_can_invalidate_bucket(struct cache *ca, struct bucket *b);
983 void __bch_invalidate_one_bucket(struct cache *ca, struct bucket *b);
984 
985 void __bch_bucket_free(struct cache *ca, struct bucket *b);
986 void bch_bucket_free(struct cache_set *c, struct bkey *k);
987 
988 long bch_bucket_alloc(struct cache *ca, unsigned int reserve, bool wait);
989 int __bch_bucket_alloc_set(struct cache_set *c, unsigned int reserve,
990 			   struct bkey *k, bool wait);
991 int bch_bucket_alloc_set(struct cache_set *c, unsigned int reserve,
992 			 struct bkey *k, bool wait);
993 bool bch_alloc_sectors(struct cache_set *c, struct bkey *k,
994 		       unsigned int sectors, unsigned int write_point,
995 		       unsigned int write_prio, bool wait);
996 bool bch_cached_dev_error(struct cached_dev *dc);
997 
998 __printf(2, 3)
999 bool bch_cache_set_error(struct cache_set *c, const char *fmt, ...);
1000 
1001 int bch_prio_write(struct cache *ca, bool wait);
1002 void bch_write_bdev_super(struct cached_dev *dc, struct closure *parent);
1003 
1004 extern struct workqueue_struct *bcache_wq;
1005 extern struct workqueue_struct *bch_journal_wq;
1006 extern struct workqueue_struct *bch_flush_wq;
1007 extern struct mutex bch_register_lock;
1008 extern struct list_head bch_cache_sets;
1009 
1010 extern const struct kobj_type bch_cached_dev_ktype;
1011 extern const struct kobj_type bch_flash_dev_ktype;
1012 extern const struct kobj_type bch_cache_set_ktype;
1013 extern const struct kobj_type bch_cache_set_internal_ktype;
1014 extern const struct kobj_type bch_cache_ktype;
1015 
1016 void bch_cached_dev_release(struct kobject *kobj);
1017 void bch_flash_dev_release(struct kobject *kobj);
1018 void bch_cache_set_release(struct kobject *kobj);
1019 void bch_cache_release(struct kobject *kobj);
1020 
1021 int bch_uuid_write(struct cache_set *c);
1022 void bcache_write_super(struct cache_set *c);
1023 
1024 int bch_flash_dev_create(struct cache_set *c, uint64_t size);
1025 
1026 int bch_cached_dev_attach(struct cached_dev *dc, struct cache_set *c,
1027 			  uint8_t *set_uuid);
1028 void bch_cached_dev_detach(struct cached_dev *dc);
1029 int bch_cached_dev_run(struct cached_dev *dc);
1030 void bcache_device_stop(struct bcache_device *d);
1031 
1032 void bch_cache_set_unregister(struct cache_set *c);
1033 void bch_cache_set_stop(struct cache_set *c);
1034 
1035 struct cache_set *bch_cache_set_alloc(struct cache_sb *sb);
1036 void bch_btree_cache_free(struct cache_set *c);
1037 int bch_btree_cache_alloc(struct cache_set *c);
1038 void bch_moving_init_cache_set(struct cache_set *c);
1039 int bch_open_buckets_alloc(struct cache_set *c);
1040 void bch_open_buckets_free(struct cache_set *c);
1041 
1042 int bch_cache_allocator_start(struct cache *ca);
1043 
1044 void bch_debug_exit(void);
1045 void bch_debug_init(void);
1046 void bch_request_exit(void);
1047 int bch_request_init(void);
1048 void bch_btree_exit(void);
1049 int bch_btree_init(void);
1050 
1051 #endif /* _BCACHE_H */
1052