xref: /linux/drivers/gpu/tests/gpu_buddy_test.c (revision 4f450f2b0f7fc3db888c932fda6f362220a03e34)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
2 /*
3  * Copyright © 2019 Intel Corporation
4  * Copyright © 2022 Maíra Canal <mairacanal@riseup.net>
5  */
6 
7 #include <kunit/test.h>
8 
9 #include <linux/prime_numbers.h>
10 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
11 #include <linux/sizes.h>
12 
13 #include <linux/gpu_buddy.h>
14 
15 #include "gpu_random.h"
16 
17 static unsigned int random_seed;
18 
19 static inline u64 get_size(int order, u64 chunk_size)
20 {
21 	return (1 << order) * chunk_size;
22 }
23 
24 static void gpu_test_buddy_subtree_offset_alignment_stress(struct kunit *test)
25 {
26 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
27 	struct rb_node *node = NULL;
28 	const u64 mm_size = SZ_2M;
29 	const u64 alignments[] = {
30 		SZ_1M,
31 		SZ_512K,
32 		SZ_256K,
33 		SZ_128K,
34 		SZ_64K,
35 		SZ_32K,
36 		SZ_16K,
37 		SZ_8K,
38 	};
39 	struct list_head allocated[ARRAY_SIZE(alignments)];
40 	unsigned int i, max_subtree_align = 0;
41 	int ret, order;
42 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
43 
44 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K),
45 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
46 
47 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(allocated); i++)
48 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&allocated[i]);
49 
50 	/*
51 	 * Exercise subtree_max_alignment tracking by allocating blocks with descending
52 	 * alignment constraints and freeing them in reverse order. This verifies that
53 	 * free-tree augmentation correctly propagates the maximum offset alignment
54 	 * present in each subtree at every stage.
55 	 */
56 
57 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(alignments); i++) {
58 		struct gpu_buddy_block *root = NULL;
59 		unsigned int expected;
60 		u64 align;
61 
62 		align = alignments[i];
63 		expected = ilog2(align) - 1;
64 
65 		for (;;) {
66 			ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm,
67 						     0, mm_size,
68 						     SZ_4K, align,
69 						     &allocated[i],
70 						     0);
71 			if (ret)
72 				break;
73 
74 			block = list_last_entry(&allocated[i],
75 						struct gpu_buddy_block,
76 						link);
77 			KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, IS_ALIGNED(gpu_buddy_block_offset(block), align));
78 		}
79 
80 		for (order = mm.max_order; order >= 0 && !root; order--) {
81 			node = mm.free_tree[order].rb_node;
82 			if (node)
83 				root = container_of(node,
84 						    struct gpu_buddy_block,
85 						    rb);
86 		}
87 
88 		KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(test, root);
89 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, root->subtree_max_alignment, expected);
90 	}
91 
92 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(alignments); i-- > 0; ) {
93 		gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated[i], 0);
94 
95 		for (order = 0; order <= mm.max_order; order++) {
96 			node = mm.free_tree[order].rb_node;
97 			if (!node)
98 				continue;
99 
100 			block = container_of(node, struct gpu_buddy_block, rb);
101 			max_subtree_align = max(max_subtree_align,
102 						block->subtree_max_alignment);
103 		}
104 
105 		KUNIT_EXPECT_GE(test, max_subtree_align, ilog2(alignments[i]));
106 	}
107 
108 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
109 }
110 
111 static void gpu_test_buddy_offset_aligned_allocation(struct kunit *test)
112 {
113 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block, *tmp;
114 	int num_blocks, i, count = 0;
115 	LIST_HEAD(allocated);
116 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
117 	u64 mm_size = SZ_4M;
118 	LIST_HEAD(freed);
119 
120 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K),
121 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
122 
123 	num_blocks = mm_size / SZ_256K;
124 	/*
125 	 * Allocate multiple sizes under a fixed offset alignment.
126 	 * Ensures alignment handling is independent of allocation size and
127 	 * exercises subtree max-alignment pruning for small requests.
128 	 */
129 	for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
130 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, SZ_8K, SZ_256K,
131 								    &allocated, 0),
132 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_8K);
133 
134 	list_for_each_entry(block, &allocated, link) {
135 		/* Ensure the allocated block uses the expected 8 KB size */
136 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block), SZ_8K);
137 		/* Ensure the block starts at a 256 KB-aligned offset for proper alignment */
138 		KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, IS_ALIGNED(gpu_buddy_block_offset(block), SZ_256K));
139 	}
140 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
141 
142 	for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
143 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, SZ_16K, SZ_256K,
144 								    &allocated, 0),
145 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_16K);
146 
147 	list_for_each_entry(block, &allocated, link) {
148 		/* Ensure the allocated block uses the expected 16 KB size */
149 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block), SZ_16K);
150 		/* Ensure the block starts at a 256 KB-aligned offset for proper alignment */
151 		KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, IS_ALIGNED(gpu_buddy_block_offset(block), SZ_256K));
152 	}
153 
154 	/*
155 	 * Free alternating aligned blocks to introduce fragmentation.
156 	 * Ensures offset-aligned allocations remain valid after frees and
157 	 * verifies subtree max-alignment metadata is correctly maintained.
158 	 */
159 	list_for_each_entry_safe(block, tmp, &allocated, link) {
160 		if (count % 2 == 0)
161 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &freed);
162 		count++;
163 	}
164 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &freed, 0);
165 
166 	for (i = 0; i < num_blocks / 2; i++)
167 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, SZ_16K, SZ_256K,
168 								    &allocated, 0),
169 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_16K);
170 
171 	/*
172 	 * Allocate with offset alignment after all slots are used; must fail.
173 	 * Confirms that no aligned offsets remain.
174 	 */
175 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, SZ_16K, SZ_256K,
176 							   &allocated, 0),
177 			       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_16K);
178 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
179 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
180 }
181 
182 static void gpu_test_buddy_fragmentation_performance(struct kunit *test)
183 {
184 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block, *tmp;
185 	int num_blocks, i, ret, count = 0;
186 	LIST_HEAD(allocated_blocks);
187 	unsigned long elapsed_ms;
188 	LIST_HEAD(reverse_list);
189 	LIST_HEAD(test_blocks);
190 	LIST_HEAD(clear_list);
191 	LIST_HEAD(dirty_list);
192 	LIST_HEAD(free_list);
193 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
194 	u64 mm_size = SZ_4G;
195 	ktime_t start, end;
196 
197 	/*
198 	 * Allocation under severe fragmentation
199 	 *
200 	 * Create severe fragmentation by allocating the entire 4 GiB address space
201 	 * as tiny 8 KiB blocks but forcing a 64 KiB alignment. The resulting pattern
202 	 * leaves many scattered holes. Split the allocations into two groups and
203 	 * return them with different flags to block coalescing, then repeatedly
204 	 * allocate and free 64 KiB blocks while timing the loop. This stresses how
205 	 * quickly the allocator can satisfy larger, aligned requests from a pool of
206 	 * highly fragmented space.
207 	 */
208 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K),
209 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
210 
211 	num_blocks = mm_size / SZ_64K;
212 
213 	start = ktime_get();
214 	/* Allocate with maximum fragmentation - 8K blocks with 64K alignment */
215 	for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
216 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, SZ_8K, SZ_64K,
217 								    &allocated_blocks, 0),
218 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_8K);
219 
220 	list_for_each_entry_safe(block, tmp, &allocated_blocks, link) {
221 		if (count % 4 == 0 || count % 4 == 3)
222 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &clear_list);
223 		else
224 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &dirty_list);
225 		count++;
226 	}
227 
228 	/* Free with different flags to ensure no coalescing */
229 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clear_list, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
230 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &dirty_list, 0);
231 
232 	for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
233 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, SZ_64K, SZ_64K,
234 								    &test_blocks, 0),
235 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_64K);
236 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &test_blocks, 0);
237 
238 	end = ktime_get();
239 	elapsed_ms = ktime_to_ms(ktime_sub(end, start));
240 
241 	kunit_info(test, "Fragmented allocation took %lu ms\n", elapsed_ms);
242 
243 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
244 
245 	/*
246 	 * Reverse free order under fragmentation
247 	 *
248 	 * Construct a fragmented 4 GiB space by allocating every 8 KiB block with
249 	 * 64 KiB alignment, creating a dense scatter of small regions. Half of the
250 	 * blocks are selectively freed to form sparse gaps, while the remaining
251 	 * allocations are preserved, reordered in reverse, and released back with
252 	 * the cleared flag. This models a pathological reverse-ordered free pattern
253 	 * and measures how quickly the allocator can merge and reclaim space when
254 	 * deallocation occurs in the opposite order of allocation, exposing the
255 	 * cost difference between a linear freelist scan and an ordered tree lookup.
256 	 */
257 	ret = gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K);
258 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
259 
260 	start = ktime_get();
261 	/* Allocate maximum fragmentation */
262 	for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
263 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, SZ_8K, SZ_64K,
264 								    &allocated_blocks, 0),
265 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_8K);
266 
267 	list_for_each_entry_safe(block, tmp, &allocated_blocks, link) {
268 		if (count % 2 == 0)
269 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &free_list);
270 		count++;
271 	}
272 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &free_list, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
273 
274 	list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(block, tmp, &allocated_blocks, link)
275 		list_move(&block->link, &reverse_list);
276 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &reverse_list, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
277 
278 	end = ktime_get();
279 	elapsed_ms = ktime_to_ms(ktime_sub(end, start));
280 
281 	kunit_info(test, "Reverse-ordered free took %lu ms\n", elapsed_ms);
282 
283 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
284 }
285 
286 static void gpu_test_buddy_dirty_tracker_performance(struct kunit *test)
287 {
288 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block, *tmp;
289 	unsigned long elapsed_ms;
290 	LIST_HEAD(clear_blocks);
291 	LIST_HEAD(dirty_blocks);
292 	LIST_HEAD(allocated);
293 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
294 	LIST_HEAD(results);
295 	ktime_t start, end;
296 	int i, count;
297 
298 	/*
299 	 * Contiguous alloc latency after alternating clear/dirty fragmentation
300 	 *
301 	 * Fill a 4 GiB pool with 4 KiB allocations, partition them into
302 	 * alternating cleared and dirty sets, then free both.  In the old
303 	 * dual-tree design every adjacent buddy pair has one cleared half and
304 	 * one dirty half, so the pair sits on opposite sides of the clear/dirty
305 	 * merge barrier and cannot be coalesced at free() time.  The pool
306 	 * stays fully fragmented and the subsequent contiguous 2 GiB allocation
307 	 * (smaller than the 4 GiB span so it routes through the contiguous
308 	 * allocator rather than the exact-range fast path) has to invoke
309 	 * __force_merge() to rebuild a 2 GiB block before it can succeed.  With
310 	 * the dirty-tracker design buddy pairs coalesce unconditionally during
311 	 * free(), so the pool is already at max_order before the timed alloc
312 	 * begins and __force_merge() is not needed.
313 	 */
314 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, SZ_4G, SZ_4K),
315 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
316 
317 	for (i = 0; i < SZ_4G / SZ_4K; i++)
318 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
319 				       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4G, SZ_4K, SZ_4K,
320 							      &allocated, 0),
321 				       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_4K);
322 
323 	count = 0;
324 	list_for_each_entry_safe(block, tmp, &allocated, link) {
325 		if (count++ % 2 == 0)
326 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &clear_blocks);
327 		else
328 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &dirty_blocks);
329 	}
330 
331 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clear_blocks, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
332 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &dirty_blocks, 0);
333 
334 	start = ktime_get();
335 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
336 			       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4G, SZ_2G, SZ_2G,
337 						      &results,
338 						      GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
339 			       "contiguous alloc failed\n");
340 	end = ktime_get();
341 	elapsed_ms = ktime_to_ms(ktime_sub(end, start));
342 
343 	kunit_info(test, "Contiguous alloc after fragmentation: %lu ms\n",
344 		   elapsed_ms);
345 
346 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &results, 0);
347 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
348 
349 	/*
350 	 * Repeated alloc throughput from a maximally fragmented pool
351 	 *
352 	 * Fill a 4 GiB pool with 4 KiB allocations, free even-indexed blocks
353 	 * as cleared and odd-indexed blocks as dirty.  The alternating pattern
354 	 * ensures every adjacent buddy pair has one cleared half and one dirty
355 	 * half, so each pair lands on opposite sides of the old merge barrier.
356 	 * Each of the 16 384 x 256 KiB allocations in the timed loop asks for a
357 	 * single contiguous block (size == min_block_size, CONTIGUOUS flag), so
358 	 * it cannot be satisfied by 64 stray 4 KiB blocks: under the old design
359 	 * every alloc has to pay the __force_merge() cost to rebuild a 256 KiB
360 	 * block.  With the dirty-tracker design the pool collapses to one
361 	 * max_order block during free(), so each alloc is a simple O(log N)
362 	 * split.
363 	 */
364 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, SZ_4G, SZ_4K),
365 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
366 
367 	for (i = 0; i < SZ_4G / SZ_4K; i++)
368 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
369 				       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4G, SZ_4K, SZ_4K,
370 							      &allocated, 0),
371 				       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_4K);
372 
373 	count = 0;
374 	list_for_each_entry_safe(block, tmp, &allocated, link) {
375 		if (count++ % 2 == 0)
376 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &clear_blocks);
377 		else
378 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &dirty_blocks);
379 	}
380 
381 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clear_blocks, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
382 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &dirty_blocks, 0);
383 
384 	start = ktime_get();
385 	for (i = 0; i < SZ_4G / SZ_256K; i++)
386 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
387 				       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4G, SZ_256K, SZ_256K,
388 							      &results,
389 							      GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
390 				       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", SZ_256K);
391 	end = ktime_get();
392 	elapsed_ms = ktime_to_ms(ktime_sub(end, start));
393 
394 	kunit_info(test, "Repeated 256 KiB allocs from fragmented pool: %lu ms\n",
395 		   elapsed_ms);
396 
397 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &results, 0);
398 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
399 }
400 
401 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_range_bias(struct kunit *test)
402 {
403 	u32 mm_size, size, ps, bias_size, bias_start, bias_end, bias_rem;
404 	GPU_RND_STATE(prng, random_seed);
405 	unsigned int i, count, *order;
406 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
407 	unsigned long flags;
408 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
409 	LIST_HEAD(allocated);
410 
411 	bias_size = SZ_1M;
412 	ps = roundup_pow_of_two(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % bias_size);
413 	ps = max(SZ_4K, ps);
414 	mm_size = (SZ_8M-1) & ~(ps-1); /* Multiple roots */
415 
416 	kunit_info(test, "mm_size=%u, ps=%u\n", mm_size, ps);
417 
418 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps),
419 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
420 
421 	count = mm_size / bias_size;
422 	order = gpu_random_order(count, &prng);
423 	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, order);
424 
425 	/*
426 	 * Idea is to split the address space into uniform bias ranges, and then
427 	 * in some random order allocate within each bias, using various
428 	 * patterns within. This should detect if allocations leak out from a
429 	 * given bias, for example.
430 	 */
431 
432 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
433 		LIST_HEAD(tmp);
434 		u32 size;
435 
436 		bias_start = order[i] * bias_size;
437 		bias_end = bias_start + bias_size;
438 		bias_rem = bias_size;
439 
440 		/* internal round_up too big */
441 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test,
442 				      gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
443 							     bias_end, bias_size + ps, bias_size,
444 							     &allocated,
445 							     GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
446 				      "buddy_alloc failed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
447 				      bias_start, bias_end, bias_size, bias_size);
448 
449 		/* size too big */
450 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test,
451 				      gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
452 							     bias_end, bias_size + ps, ps,
453 							     &allocated,
454 							     GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
455 				      "buddy_alloc didn't fail with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
456 				      bias_start, bias_end, bias_size + ps, ps);
457 
458 		/* bias range too small for size */
459 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test,
460 				      gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start + ps,
461 							     bias_end, bias_size, ps,
462 							     &allocated,
463 							     GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
464 				      "buddy_alloc didn't fail with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
465 				      bias_start + ps, bias_end, bias_size, ps);
466 
467 		/* bias misaligned */
468 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test,
469 				      gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start + ps,
470 							     bias_end - ps,
471 							     bias_size >> 1, bias_size >> 1,
472 							     &allocated,
473 							     GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
474 				      "buddy_alloc h didn't fail with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
475 				      bias_start + ps, bias_end - ps, bias_size >> 1, bias_size >> 1);
476 
477 		/* single big page */
478 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
479 				       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
480 							      bias_end, bias_size, bias_size,
481 							      &tmp,
482 							      GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
483 				       "buddy_alloc i failed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
484 				       bias_start, bias_end, bias_size, bias_size);
485 		gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &tmp, 0);
486 
487 		/* single page with internal round_up */
488 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
489 				       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
490 							      bias_end, ps, bias_size,
491 							      &tmp,
492 							      GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
493 				       "buddy_alloc failed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
494 				       bias_start, bias_end, ps, bias_size);
495 		gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &tmp, 0);
496 
497 		/* random size within */
498 		size = max(round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % bias_rem, ps), ps);
499 		if (size)
500 			KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
501 					       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
502 								      bias_end, size, ps,
503 								      &tmp,
504 								      GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
505 					       "buddy_alloc failed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
506 					       bias_start, bias_end, size, ps);
507 
508 		bias_rem -= size;
509 		/* too big for current avail */
510 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test,
511 				      gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
512 							     bias_end, bias_rem + ps, ps,
513 							     &allocated,
514 							     GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
515 				      "buddy_alloc didn't fail with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
516 				      bias_start, bias_end, bias_rem + ps, ps);
517 
518 		if (bias_rem) {
519 			/* random fill of the remainder */
520 			size = max(round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % bias_rem, ps), ps);
521 			size = max(size, ps);
522 
523 			KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
524 					       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
525 								      bias_end, size, ps,
526 								      &allocated,
527 								      GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
528 					       "buddy_alloc failed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
529 					       bias_start, bias_end, size, ps);
530 			/*
531 			 * Intentionally allow some space to be left
532 			 * unallocated, and ideally not always on the bias
533 			 * boundaries.
534 			 */
535 			gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &tmp, 0);
536 		} else {
537 			list_splice_tail(&tmp, &allocated);
538 		}
539 	}
540 
541 	kfree(order);
542 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
543 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
544 
545 	/*
546 	 * Something more free-form. Idea is to pick a random starting bias
547 	 * range within the address space and then start filling it up. Also
548 	 * randomly grow the bias range in both directions as we go along. This
549 	 * should give us bias start/end which is not always uniform like above,
550 	 * and in some cases will require the allocator to jump over already
551 	 * allocated nodes in the middle of the address space.
552 	 */
553 
554 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps),
555 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
556 
557 	bias_start = round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % (mm_size - ps), ps);
558 	bias_end = round_up(bias_start + prandom_u32_state(&prng) % (mm_size - bias_start), ps);
559 	bias_end = max(bias_end, bias_start + ps);
560 	bias_rem = bias_end - bias_start;
561 
562 	do {
563 		u32 size = max(round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % bias_rem, ps), ps);
564 
565 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
566 				       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
567 							      bias_end, size, ps,
568 							      &allocated,
569 							      GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
570 				       "buddy_alloc failed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
571 				       bias_start, bias_end, size, ps);
572 		bias_rem -= size;
573 
574 		/*
575 		 * Try to randomly grow the bias range in both directions, or
576 		 * only one, or perhaps don't grow at all.
577 		 */
578 		do {
579 			u32 old_bias_start = bias_start;
580 			u32 old_bias_end = bias_end;
581 
582 			if (bias_start)
583 				bias_start -= round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % bias_start, ps);
584 			if (bias_end != mm_size)
585 				bias_end += round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % (mm_size - bias_end), ps);
586 
587 			bias_rem += old_bias_start - bias_start;
588 			bias_rem += bias_end - old_bias_end;
589 		} while (!bias_rem && (bias_start || bias_end != mm_size));
590 	} while (bias_rem);
591 
592 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, bias_start, 0);
593 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, bias_end, mm_size);
594 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test,
595 			      gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start, bias_end,
596 						     ps, ps,
597 						     &allocated,
598 						     GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
599 			      "buddy_alloc passed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u\n",
600 			      bias_start, bias_end, ps);
601 
602 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
603 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
604 
605 	/*
606 	 * Allocate cleared blocks in the bias range when the GPU buddy's clear avail is
607 	 * zero. This will validate the bias range allocation in scenarios like system boot
608 	 * when no cleared blocks are available and exercise the fallback path too. The resulting
609 	 * blocks should always be dirty.
610 	 */
611 
612 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps),
613 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
614 
615 	bias_start = round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % (mm_size - ps), ps);
616 	bias_end = round_up(bias_start + prandom_u32_state(&prng) % (mm_size - bias_start), ps);
617 	bias_end = max(bias_end, bias_start + ps);
618 	bias_rem = bias_end - bias_start;
619 
620 	flags = GPU_BUDDY_CLEAR_ALLOCATION | GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION;
621 	size = max(round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % bias_rem, ps), ps);
622 
623 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
624 			       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, bias_start,
625 						      bias_end, size, ps,
626 						      &allocated,
627 						      flags),
628 			       "buddy_alloc failed with bias(%x-%x), size=%u, ps=%u\n",
629 			       bias_start, bias_end, size, ps);
630 
631 	list_for_each_entry(block, &allocated, link)
632 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_is_clear(block), false);
633 
634 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
635 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
636 }
637 
638 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_range(struct kunit *test)
639 {
640 	GPU_RND_STATE(prng, random_seed);
641 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
642 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
643 	u32 mm_size, total;
644 	LIST_HEAD(blocks);
645 	LIST_HEAD(tmp);
646 	u32 ps = SZ_4K;
647 	int ret;
648 
649 	mm_size = SZ_16M;
650 
651 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps),
652 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
653 
654 	/*
655 	 * Basic exact-range allocation.
656 	 * Allocate the entire mm as one exact range (start + size == end).
657 	 * This is the simplest case exercising __gpu_buddy_alloc_range.
658 	 */
659 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, mm_size, ps, &blocks, 0);
660 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG(test, ret, 0,
661 			    "exact-range alloc of full mm failed\n");
662 
663 	total = 0;
664 	list_for_each_entry(block, &blocks, link) {
665 		u64 offset = gpu_buddy_block_offset(block);
666 		u64 bsize = gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block);
667 
668 		KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE_MSG(test, offset + bsize <= (u64)mm_size,
669 				      "block [%llx, %llx) outside mm\n", offset, offset + bsize);
670 		total += (u32)bsize;
671 	}
672 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, total, mm_size);
673 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, 0ULL);
674 
675 	/* Full mm should be exhausted */
676 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, ps, ps, ps, &tmp, 0);
677 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE_MSG(test, ret, 0, "alloc should fail when mm is full\n");
678 
679 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
680 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, (u64)mm_size);
681 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
682 
683 	/*
684 	 * Exact-range allocation of sub-ranges.
685 	 * Split the mm into four equal quarters and allocate each as an exact
686 	 * range. Validates splitting and non-overlapping exact allocations.
687 	 */
688 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
689 
690 	{
691 		u32 quarter = mm_size / 4;
692 		int i;
693 
694 		for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
695 			u32 start = i * quarter;
696 			u32 end = start + quarter;
697 
698 			ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, end, quarter, ps, &blocks, 0);
699 			KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG(test, ret, 0,
700 					    "exact-range alloc quarter %d [%x, %x) failed\n",
701 					    i, start, end);
702 		}
703 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, 0ULL);
704 		gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
705 	}
706 
707 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
708 
709 	/*
710 	 * Minimum chunk-size exact range at various offsets.
711 	 * Allocate single-page exact ranges at the start, middle and end.
712 	 */
713 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
714 
715 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, ps, ps, ps, &blocks, 0);
716 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
717 
718 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, mm_size / 2, mm_size / 2 + ps, ps, ps, &blocks, 0);
719 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
720 
721 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, mm_size - ps, mm_size, ps, ps, &blocks, 0);
722 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
723 
724 	total = 0;
725 	list_for_each_entry(block, &blocks, link)
726 		total += (u32)gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block);
727 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, total, 3 * ps);
728 
729 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
730 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
731 
732 	/*
733 	 * Non power-of-two mm size (multiple roots).
734 	 * Exact-range allocations that span root boundaries must still work.
735 	 */
736 	mm_size = SZ_4M + SZ_2M + SZ_1M; /* 7 MiB, three roots */
737 
738 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
739 	KUNIT_EXPECT_GT(test, mm.n_roots, 1U);
740 
741 	/* Allocate first 4M root exactly */
742 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4M, SZ_4M, ps, &blocks, 0);
743 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
744 
745 	/* Allocate second root (4M-6M) exactly */
746 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, SZ_4M, SZ_4M + SZ_2M, SZ_2M, ps, &blocks, 0);
747 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
748 
749 	/* Allocate third root (6M-7M) exactly */
750 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, SZ_4M + SZ_2M, mm_size, SZ_1M, ps, &blocks, 0);
751 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
752 
753 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, 0ULL);
754 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
755 
756 	/* Cross-root exact-range: the entire non-pot mm */
757 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, mm_size, ps, &blocks, 0);
758 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
759 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, 0ULL);
760 
761 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
762 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
763 
764 	/*
765 	 * Randomized exact-range allocations.
766 	 * Divide the mm into N random-sized, contiguous, page-aligned slices
767 	 * and allocate each as an exact range in random order.
768 	 */
769 	mm_size = SZ_16M;
770 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
771 
772 	{
773 #define N_RAND_RANGES 16
774 		u32 ranges[N_RAND_RANGES + 1]; /* boundaries */
775 		u32 order_arr[N_RAND_RANGES];
776 		u32 remaining = mm_size;
777 		int i;
778 
779 		ranges[0] = 0;
780 		for (i = 0; i < N_RAND_RANGES - 1; i++) {
781 			u32 max_chunk = remaining - (N_RAND_RANGES - 1 - i) * ps;
782 			u32 sz = max(round_up(prandom_u32_state(&prng) % max_chunk, ps), ps);
783 
784 			ranges[i + 1] = ranges[i] + sz;
785 			remaining -= sz;
786 		}
787 		ranges[N_RAND_RANGES] = mm_size;
788 
789 		/* Create a random order */
790 		for (i = 0; i < N_RAND_RANGES; i++)
791 			order_arr[i] = i;
792 		for (i = N_RAND_RANGES - 1; i > 0; i--) {
793 			u32 j = prandom_u32_state(&prng) % (i + 1);
794 			u32 tmp_val = order_arr[i];
795 
796 			order_arr[i] = order_arr[j];
797 			order_arr[j] = tmp_val;
798 		}
799 
800 		for (i = 0; i < N_RAND_RANGES; i++) {
801 			u32 idx = order_arr[i];
802 			u32 start = ranges[idx];
803 			u32 end = ranges[idx + 1];
804 			u32 sz = end - start;
805 
806 			ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, end, sz, ps, &blocks, 0);
807 			KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG(test, ret, 0,
808 					    "random exact-range [%x, %x) sz=%x failed\n",
809 					    start, end, sz);
810 		}
811 
812 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, 0ULL);
813 		gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
814 #undef N_RAND_RANGES
815 	}
816 
817 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
818 
819 	/*
820 	 * Negative case - partially allocated range.
821 	 * Allocate the first half, then try to exact-range allocate the full
822 	 * mm. This must fail because the first half is already occupied.
823 	 */
824 	mm_size = SZ_16M;
825 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
826 
827 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size / 2, mm_size / 2, ps, &blocks, 0);
828 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
829 
830 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, mm_size, ps, &tmp, 0);
831 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE_MSG(test, ret, 0,
832 			    "exact-range alloc should fail when range is partially used\n");
833 
834 	/* Also try the already-occupied sub-range directly */
835 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size / 2, mm_size / 2, ps, &tmp, 0);
836 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE_MSG(test, ret, 0,
837 			    "double alloc of same exact range should fail\n");
838 
839 	/* The free second half should still be allocatable */
840 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, mm_size / 2, mm_size, mm_size / 2, ps, &blocks, 0);
841 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
842 
843 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, 0ULL);
844 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
845 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
846 
847 	/*
848 	 * Negative case - checkerboard partial allocation.
849 	 * Allocate every other page-sized chunk in a small mm, then try to
850 	 * exact-range allocate a range covering two pages (one allocated, one
851 	 * free). This must fail.
852 	 */
853 	mm_size = SZ_64K;
854 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
855 
856 	{
857 		u32 off;
858 
859 		for (off = 0; off < mm_size; off += 2 * ps) {
860 			ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, off, off + ps, ps, ps, &blocks, 0);
861 			KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
862 		}
863 
864 		/* Try exact range over a pair [allocated, free] */
865 		ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, 2 * ps, 2 * ps, ps, &tmp, 0);
866 		KUNIT_EXPECT_NE_MSG(test, ret, 0,
867 				    "exact-range over partially allocated pair should fail\n");
868 
869 		/* The free pages individually should still work */
870 		ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, ps, 2 * ps, ps, ps, &blocks, 0);
871 		KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
872 
873 		gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
874 	}
875 
876 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
877 
878 	/* Negative case - misaligned start/end/size */
879 	mm_size = SZ_16M;
880 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
881 
882 	/* start not aligned to chunk_size */
883 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, ps / 2, ps / 2 + ps, ps, ps, &tmp, 0);
884 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, ret, 0);
885 
886 	/* size not aligned */
887 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, ps + 1, ps + 1, ps, &tmp, 0);
888 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, ret, 0);
889 
890 	/* end exceeds mm size */
891 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, mm_size, mm_size + ps, ps, ps, &tmp, 0);
892 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NE(test, ret, 0);
893 
894 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
895 
896 	/*
897 	 * Free and re-allocate the same exact range.
898 	 * This exercises merge-on-free followed by exact-range re-split.
899 	 */
900 	mm_size = SZ_16M;
901 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
902 
903 	{
904 		int i;
905 
906 		for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
907 			ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, SZ_4M, SZ_4M + SZ_2M,
908 						     SZ_2M, ps, &blocks, 0);
909 			KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG(test, ret, 0,
910 					    "re-alloc iteration %d failed\n", i);
911 
912 			total = 0;
913 			list_for_each_entry(block, &blocks, link) {
914 				u64 offset = gpu_buddy_block_offset(block);
915 				u64 bsize = gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block);
916 
917 				KUNIT_EXPECT_GE(test, offset, (u64)SZ_4M);
918 				KUNIT_EXPECT_LE(test, offset + bsize, (u64)(SZ_4M + SZ_2M));
919 				total += (u32)bsize;
920 			}
921 			KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, total, SZ_2M);
922 
923 			gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
924 		}
925 
926 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.avail, (u64)mm_size);
927 	}
928 
929 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
930 
931 	/*
932 	 * Various power-of-two exact ranges within a large mm.
933 	 * Allocate non-overlapping power-of-two exact ranges at their natural
934 	 * alignment, validating that the allocator handles different orders.
935 	 */
936 	mm_size = SZ_16M;
937 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
938 
939 	/* Allocate 4K at offset 0 */
940 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4K, SZ_4K, ps, &blocks, 0);
941 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
942 
943 	/* Allocate 64K at offset 64K */
944 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, SZ_64K, SZ_64K + SZ_64K, SZ_64K, ps, &blocks, 0);
945 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
946 
947 	/* Allocate 1M at offset 1M */
948 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, SZ_1M, SZ_1M + SZ_1M, SZ_1M, ps, &blocks, 0);
949 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
950 
951 	/* Allocate 4M at offset 4M */
952 	ret = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, SZ_4M, SZ_4M + SZ_4M, SZ_4M, ps, &blocks, 0);
953 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
954 
955 	total = 0;
956 	list_for_each_entry(block, &blocks, link)
957 		total += (u32)gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block);
958 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, total, SZ_4K + SZ_64K + SZ_1M + SZ_4M);
959 
960 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
961 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
962 }
963 
964 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_clear(struct kunit *test)
965 {
966 	unsigned long n_pages, total, i = 0;
967 	const unsigned long ps = SZ_4K;
968 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
969 	const int max_order = 12;
970 	LIST_HEAD(allocated);
971 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
972 	unsigned int order;
973 	u32 mm_size, size;
974 	LIST_HEAD(dirty);
975 	LIST_HEAD(clean);
976 
977 	mm_size = SZ_4K << max_order;
978 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
979 
980 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.max_order, max_order);
981 
982 	/*
983 	 * Idea is to allocate and free some random portion of the address space,
984 	 * returning those pages as non-dirty and randomly alternate between
985 	 * requesting dirty and non-dirty pages (not going over the limit
986 	 * we freed as non-dirty), putting that into two separate lists.
987 	 * Loop over both lists at the end checking that the dirty list
988 	 * is indeed all dirty pages and vice versa. Free it all again,
989 	 * keeping the dirty/clear status.
990 	 */
991 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
992 							    5 * ps, ps, &allocated,
993 							    GPU_BUDDY_TOPDOWN_ALLOCATION),
994 				"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", 5 * ps);
995 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
996 
997 	n_pages = 10;
998 	do {
999 		unsigned long flags;
1000 		struct list_head *list;
1001 		int slot = i % 2;
1002 
1003 		if (slot == 0) {
1004 			list = &dirty;
1005 			flags = 0;
1006 		} else {
1007 			list = &clean;
1008 			flags = GPU_BUDDY_CLEAR_ALLOCATION;
1009 		}
1010 
1011 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1012 								    ps, ps, list,
1013 								    flags),
1014 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", ps);
1015 	} while (++i < n_pages);
1016 
1017 	list_for_each_entry(block, &clean, link)
1018 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_is_clear(block), true);
1019 
1020 	list_for_each_entry(block, &dirty, link)
1021 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_is_clear(block), false);
1022 
1023 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clean, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1024 
1025 	/*
1026 	 * Trying to go over the clear limit for some allocation.
1027 	 * The allocation should never fail with reasonable page-size.
1028 	 */
1029 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1030 							    10 * ps, ps, &clean,
1031 							    GPU_BUDDY_CLEAR_ALLOCATION),
1032 				"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", 10 * ps);
1033 
1034 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clean, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1035 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &dirty, 0);
1036 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1037 
1038 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
1039 
1040 	/*
1041 	 * Create a new mm. Intentionally fragment the address space by creating
1042 	 * two alternating lists. Free both lists, one as dirty the other as clean.
1043 	 * Try to allocate double the previous size with matching min_page_size.
1044 	 * The allocation should never fail because buddy pairs coalesce
1045 	 * unconditionally at free() time, rebuilding the larger block. Also check
1046 	 * that the page is always dirty (a merged block spanning a dirty half is
1047 	 * dirty). Free the page as dirty, then repeat the whole thing, increment
1048 	 * the order until we hit the max_order.
1049 	 */
1050 
1051 	i = 0;
1052 	n_pages = mm_size / ps;
1053 	do {
1054 		struct list_head *list;
1055 		int slot = i % 2;
1056 
1057 		if (slot == 0)
1058 			list = &dirty;
1059 		else
1060 			list = &clean;
1061 
1062 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1063 								    ps, ps, list, 0),
1064 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", ps);
1065 	} while (++i < n_pages);
1066 
1067 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clean, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1068 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &dirty, 0);
1069 
1070 	order = 1;
1071 	do {
1072 		size = SZ_4K << order;
1073 
1074 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1075 								    size, size, &allocated,
1076 								    GPU_BUDDY_CLEAR_ALLOCATION),
1077 					"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%u\n", size);
1078 		total = 0;
1079 		list_for_each_entry(block, &allocated, link) {
1080 			if (size != mm_size)
1081 				KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_is_clear(block), false);
1082 			total += gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block);
1083 		}
1084 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, total, size);
1085 
1086 		gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
1087 	} while (++order <= max_order);
1088 
1089 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1090 
1091 	/*
1092 	 * Create a new mm with a non power-of-two size. Allocate a random size from each
1093 	 * root, free as cleared and then call fini. This will ensure the multi-root
1094 	 * force merge during fini.
1095 	 */
1096 	mm_size = (SZ_4K << max_order) + (SZ_4K << (max_order - 2));
1097 
1098 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
1099 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.max_order, max_order);
1100 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4K << max_order,
1101 							    4 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1102 							    GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
1103 				"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", 4 * ps);
1104 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1105 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, SZ_4K << max_order,
1106 							    2 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1107 							    GPU_BUDDY_CLEAR_ALLOCATION),
1108 				"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", 2 * ps);
1109 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1110 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, SZ_4K << max_order, mm_size,
1111 							    ps, ps, &allocated,
1112 							    GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION),
1113 				"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", ps);
1114 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1115 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1116 
1117 	/*
1118 	 * Using a non-power-of-two mm size, allocate all 4KiB blocks and split
1119 	 * them across two alternating lists, then free one list as cleared and
1120 	 * the other as dirty. This interleaves cleared and dirty blocks so that
1121 	 * neighbouring buddies cannot be merged, fragmenting the address space.
1122 	 * After gpu_buddy_reset_clear(false) every block should be marked dirty
1123 	 * and the split blocks should be merged back to their original size, so
1124 	 * clear_avail must drop to 0.
1125 	 */
1126 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
1127 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.max_order, max_order);
1128 
1129 	n_pages = mm_size / ps;
1130 	for (i = 0; i < n_pages; i++) {
1131 		struct list_head *list = (i % 2) ? &clean : &dirty;
1132 
1133 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1134 								    ps, ps, list, 0),
1135 				"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", ps);
1136 	}
1137 
1138 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clean, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1139 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &dirty, 0);
1140 	gpu_buddy_reset_clear(&mm, false);
1141 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_clear_avail(&mm), 0);
1142 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1143 
1144 	/*
1145 	 * Repeat the same fragmented setup, but this time call
1146 	 * gpu_buddy_reset_clear(true). Every block should be marked cleared and
1147 	 * the split blocks should be merged back to their original size, so the
1148 	 * whole address space (clear_avail) must equal mm_size.
1149 	 */
1150 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
1151 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.max_order, max_order);
1152 
1153 	for (i = 0; i < n_pages; i++) {
1154 		struct list_head *list = (i % 2) ? &clean : &dirty;
1155 
1156 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1157 								    ps, ps, list, 0),
1158 				"buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", ps);
1159 	}
1160 
1161 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &clean, GPU_BUDDY_CLEARED);
1162 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &dirty, 0);
1163 	gpu_buddy_reset_clear(&mm, true);
1164 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_clear_avail(&mm), mm_size);
1165 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1166 }
1167 
1168 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_contiguous(struct kunit *test)
1169 {
1170 	const unsigned long ps = SZ_4K, mm_size = 16 * 3 * SZ_4K;
1171 	unsigned long i, n_pages, total;
1172 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
1173 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
1174 	LIST_HEAD(left);
1175 	LIST_HEAD(middle);
1176 	LIST_HEAD(right);
1177 	LIST_HEAD(allocated);
1178 
1179 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, ps));
1180 
1181 	/*
1182 	 * Idea is to fragment the address space by alternating block
1183 	 * allocations between three different lists; one for left, middle and
1184 	 * right. We can then free a list to simulate fragmentation. In
1185 	 * particular we want to exercise the GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION,
1186 	 * including the try_harder path.
1187 	 */
1188 
1189 	i = 0;
1190 	n_pages = mm_size / ps;
1191 	do {
1192 		struct list_head *list;
1193 		int slot = i % 3;
1194 
1195 		if (slot == 0)
1196 			list = &left;
1197 		else if (slot == 1)
1198 			list = &middle;
1199 		else
1200 			list = &right;
1201 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test,
1202 				       gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1203 							      ps, ps, list, 0),
1204 				       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n",
1205 				       ps);
1206 	} while (++i < n_pages);
1207 
1208 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1209 							   3 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1210 							   GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
1211 			       "buddy_alloc didn't error size=%lu\n", 3 * ps);
1212 
1213 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &middle, 0);
1214 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1215 							   3 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1216 							   GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
1217 			       "buddy_alloc didn't error size=%lu\n", 3 * ps);
1218 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1219 							   2 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1220 							   GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
1221 			       "buddy_alloc didn't error size=%lu\n", 2 * ps);
1222 
1223 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &right, 0);
1224 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1225 							   3 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1226 							   GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
1227 			       "buddy_alloc didn't error size=%lu\n", 3 * ps);
1228 	/*
1229 	 * At this point we should have enough contiguous space for 2 blocks,
1230 	 * however they are never buddies (since we freed middle and right) so
1231 	 * will require the try_harder logic to find them.
1232 	 */
1233 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1234 							    2 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1235 							    GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
1236 			       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", 2 * ps);
1237 
1238 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &left, 0);
1239 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size,
1240 							    3 * ps, ps, &allocated,
1241 							    GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
1242 			       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%lu\n", 3 * ps);
1243 
1244 	total = 0;
1245 	list_for_each_entry(block, &allocated, link)
1246 		total += gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block);
1247 
1248 	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, total, ps * 2 + ps * 3);
1249 
1250 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
1251 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1252 }
1253 
1254 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_pathological(struct kunit *test)
1255 {
1256 	u64 mm_size, size, start = 0;
1257 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
1258 	const int max_order = 3;
1259 	unsigned long flags = 0;
1260 	int order, top;
1261 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
1262 	LIST_HEAD(blocks);
1263 	LIST_HEAD(holes);
1264 	LIST_HEAD(tmp);
1265 
1266 	/*
1267 	 * Create a pot-sized mm, then allocate one of each possible
1268 	 * order within. This should leave the mm with exactly one
1269 	 * page left. Free the largest block, then whittle down again.
1270 	 * Eventually we will have a fully 50% fragmented mm.
1271 	 */
1272 
1273 	mm_size = SZ_4K << max_order;
1274 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K),
1275 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
1276 
1277 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.max_order, max_order);
1278 
1279 	for (top = max_order; top; top--) {
1280 		/* Make room by freeing the largest allocated block */
1281 		block = list_first_entry_or_null(&blocks, typeof(*block), link);
1282 		if (block) {
1283 			list_del(&block->link);
1284 			gpu_buddy_free_block(&mm, block);
1285 		}
1286 
1287 		for (order = top; order--;) {
1288 			size = get_size(order, mm.chunk_size);
1289 			KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start,
1290 									    mm_size, size, size,
1291 										&tmp, flags),
1292 					"buddy_alloc hit -ENOMEM with order=%d, top=%d\n",
1293 					order, top);
1294 
1295 			block = list_first_entry_or_null(&tmp, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1296 			KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, block, "alloc_blocks has no blocks\n");
1297 
1298 			list_move_tail(&block->link, &blocks);
1299 		}
1300 
1301 		/* There should be one final page for this sub-allocation */
1302 		size = get_size(0, mm.chunk_size);
1303 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1304 								    size, size, &tmp, flags),
1305 							   "buddy_alloc hit -ENOMEM for hole\n");
1306 
1307 		block = list_first_entry_or_null(&tmp, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1308 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, block, "alloc_blocks has no blocks\n");
1309 
1310 		list_move_tail(&block->link, &holes);
1311 
1312 		size = get_size(top, mm.chunk_size);
1313 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1314 								   size, size, &tmp, flags),
1315 							  "buddy_alloc unexpectedly succeeded at top-order %d/%d, it should be full!",
1316 							  top, max_order);
1317 	}
1318 
1319 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &holes, 0);
1320 
1321 	/* Nothing larger than blocks of chunk_size now available */
1322 	for (order = 1; order <= max_order; order++) {
1323 		size = get_size(order, mm.chunk_size);
1324 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1325 								   size, size, &tmp, flags),
1326 							  "buddy_alloc unexpectedly succeeded at order %d, it should be full!",
1327 							  order);
1328 	}
1329 
1330 	list_splice_tail(&holes, &blocks);
1331 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
1332 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1333 }
1334 
1335 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_pessimistic(struct kunit *test)
1336 {
1337 	u64 mm_size, size, start = 0;
1338 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block, *bn;
1339 	const unsigned int max_order = 16;
1340 	unsigned long flags = 0;
1341 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
1342 	unsigned int order;
1343 	LIST_HEAD(blocks);
1344 	LIST_HEAD(tmp);
1345 
1346 	/*
1347 	 * Create a pot-sized mm, then allocate one of each possible
1348 	 * order within. This should leave the mm with exactly one
1349 	 * page left.
1350 	 */
1351 
1352 	mm_size = SZ_4K << max_order;
1353 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K),
1354 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
1355 
1356 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.max_order, max_order);
1357 
1358 	for (order = 0; order < max_order; order++) {
1359 		size = get_size(order, mm.chunk_size);
1360 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1361 								    size, size, &tmp, flags),
1362 							   "buddy_alloc hit -ENOMEM with order=%d\n",
1363 							   order);
1364 
1365 		block = list_first_entry_or_null(&tmp, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1366 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, block, "alloc_blocks has no blocks\n");
1367 
1368 		list_move_tail(&block->link, &blocks);
1369 	}
1370 
1371 	/* And now the last remaining block available */
1372 	size = get_size(0, mm.chunk_size);
1373 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1374 							    size, size, &tmp, flags),
1375 						   "buddy_alloc hit -ENOMEM on final alloc\n");
1376 
1377 	block = list_first_entry_or_null(&tmp, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1378 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, block, "alloc_blocks has no blocks\n");
1379 
1380 	list_move_tail(&block->link, &blocks);
1381 
1382 	/* Should be completely full! */
1383 	for (order = max_order; order--;) {
1384 		size = get_size(order, mm.chunk_size);
1385 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1386 								   size, size, &tmp, flags),
1387 							  "buddy_alloc unexpectedly succeeded, it should be full!");
1388 	}
1389 
1390 	block = list_last_entry(&blocks, typeof(*block), link);
1391 	list_del(&block->link);
1392 	gpu_buddy_free_block(&mm, block);
1393 
1394 	/* As we free in increasing size, we make available larger blocks */
1395 	order = 1;
1396 	list_for_each_entry_safe(block, bn, &blocks, link) {
1397 		list_del(&block->link);
1398 		gpu_buddy_free_block(&mm, block);
1399 
1400 		size = get_size(order, mm.chunk_size);
1401 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1402 								    size, size, &tmp, flags),
1403 							   "buddy_alloc hit -ENOMEM with order=%d\n",
1404 							   order);
1405 
1406 		block = list_first_entry_or_null(&tmp, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1407 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, block, "alloc_blocks has no blocks\n");
1408 
1409 		list_del(&block->link);
1410 		gpu_buddy_free_block(&mm, block);
1411 		order++;
1412 	}
1413 
1414 	/* To confirm, now the whole mm should be available */
1415 	size = get_size(max_order, mm.chunk_size);
1416 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1417 							    size, size, &tmp, flags),
1418 						   "buddy_alloc (realloc) hit -ENOMEM with order=%d\n",
1419 						   max_order);
1420 
1421 	block = list_first_entry_or_null(&tmp, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1422 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, block, "alloc_blocks has no blocks\n");
1423 
1424 	list_del(&block->link);
1425 	gpu_buddy_free_block(&mm, block);
1426 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
1427 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1428 }
1429 
1430 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_optimistic(struct kunit *test)
1431 {
1432 	u64 mm_size, size, start = 0;
1433 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
1434 	unsigned long flags = 0;
1435 	const int max_order = 16;
1436 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
1437 	LIST_HEAD(blocks);
1438 	LIST_HEAD(tmp);
1439 	int order;
1440 
1441 	/*
1442 	 * Create a mm with one block of each order available, and
1443 	 * try to allocate them all.
1444 	 */
1445 
1446 	mm_size = SZ_4K * ((1 << (max_order + 1)) - 1);
1447 
1448 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K),
1449 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
1450 
1451 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, mm.max_order, max_order);
1452 
1453 	for (order = 0; order <= max_order; order++) {
1454 		size = get_size(order, mm.chunk_size);
1455 		KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1456 								    size, size, &tmp, flags),
1457 							   "buddy_alloc hit -ENOMEM with order=%d\n",
1458 							   order);
1459 
1460 		block = list_first_entry_or_null(&tmp, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1461 		KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, block, "alloc_blocks has no blocks\n");
1462 
1463 		list_move_tail(&block->link, &blocks);
1464 	}
1465 
1466 	/* Should be completely full! */
1467 	size = get_size(0, mm.chunk_size);
1468 	KUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, mm_size,
1469 							   size, size, &tmp, flags),
1470 						  "buddy_alloc unexpectedly succeeded, it should be full!");
1471 
1472 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
1473 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1474 }
1475 
1476 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_limit(struct kunit *test)
1477 {
1478 	u64 size = U64_MAX, start = 0;
1479 	struct gpu_buddy_block *block;
1480 	unsigned long flags = 0;
1481 	LIST_HEAD(allocated);
1482 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
1483 
1484 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, size, SZ_4K));
1485 
1486 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, mm.max_order, GPU_BUDDY_MAX_ORDER,
1487 			    "mm.max_order(%d) != %d\n", mm.max_order,
1488 						GPU_BUDDY_MAX_ORDER);
1489 
1490 	size = mm.chunk_size << mm.max_order;
1491 	KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, start, size, size,
1492 							mm.chunk_size, &allocated, flags));
1493 
1494 	block = list_first_entry_or_null(&allocated, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1495 	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, block);
1496 
1497 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_block_order(block), mm.max_order,
1498 			    "block order(%d) != %d\n",
1499 						gpu_buddy_block_order(block), mm.max_order);
1500 
1501 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block),
1502 			    BIT_ULL(mm.max_order) * mm.chunk_size,
1503 						"block size(%llu) != %llu\n",
1504 						gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, block),
1505 						BIT_ULL(mm.max_order) * mm.chunk_size);
1506 
1507 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated, 0);
1508 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1509 }
1510 
1511 static void gpu_test_buddy_alloc_exceeds_max_order(struct kunit *test)
1512 {
1513 	u64 mm_size = SZ_8G + SZ_2G, size = SZ_8G + SZ_1G, min_block_size = SZ_8G;
1514 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
1515 	LIST_HEAD(blocks);
1516 	int err;
1517 
1518 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, mm_size, SZ_4K),
1519 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
1520 
1521 	/* CONTIGUOUS allocation should succeed via try_harder fallback */
1522 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, size,
1523 							    SZ_4K, &blocks,
1524 							    GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION),
1525 			       "buddy_alloc hit an error size=%llu\n", size);
1526 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &blocks, 0);
1527 
1528 	/* Non-CONTIGUOUS with large min_block_size should return -EINVAL */
1529 	err = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, size, min_block_size, &blocks, 0);
1530 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, -EINVAL);
1531 
1532 	/* Non-CONTIGUOUS + RANGE with large min_block_size should return -EINVAL */
1533 	err = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, size, min_block_size, &blocks,
1534 				     GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION);
1535 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, -EINVAL);
1536 
1537 	/* CONTIGUOUS + RANGE should return -EINVAL (no try_harder for RANGE) */
1538 	err = gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, 0, mm_size, size, SZ_4K, &blocks,
1539 				     GPU_BUDDY_CONTIGUOUS_ALLOCATION | GPU_BUDDY_RANGE_ALLOCATION);
1540 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, err, -EINVAL);
1541 
1542 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1543 }
1544 
1545 static void gpu_test_buddy_addr_to_block(struct kunit *test)
1546 {
1547 	struct gpu_buddy_block *allocated_block, *found_block;
1548 	LIST_HEAD(allocated_list);
1549 	const u64 test_size = SZ_4M + SZ_2M;
1550 	const u64 alloc_start = SZ_4M;
1551 	const u64 alloc_size = SZ_4K;
1552 	const u64 chunk_size = SZ_4K;
1553 	struct gpu_buddy mm;
1554 
1555 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_init(&mm, test_size, chunk_size),
1556 			       "buddy_init failed\n");
1557 
1558 	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE_MSG(test, gpu_buddy_alloc_blocks(&mm, alloc_start,
1559 							    alloc_start + alloc_size,
1560 							    alloc_size, chunk_size,
1561 							    &allocated_list, 0),
1562 			       "buddy_alloc failed\n");
1563 
1564 	allocated_block = list_first_entry(&allocated_list, struct gpu_buddy_block, link);
1565 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_offset(allocated_block), alloc_start);
1566 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, gpu_buddy_block_size(&mm, allocated_block), alloc_size);
1567 
1568 	found_block = gpu_buddy_allocated_addr_to_block(&mm, alloc_start);
1569 	KUNIT_EXPECT_PTR_EQ(test, found_block, allocated_block);
1570 
1571 	/* Unaligned address inside the allocated block (should resolve to the same block) */
1572 	found_block = gpu_buddy_allocated_addr_to_block(&mm, alloc_start + 16);
1573 	KUNIT_EXPECT_PTR_EQ(test, found_block, allocated_block);
1574 
1575 	/* An unallocated address inside the manager should return NULL. */
1576 	found_block = gpu_buddy_allocated_addr_to_block(&mm,
1577 							alloc_start - chunk_size);
1578 	KUNIT_EXPECT_NULL(test, found_block);
1579 
1580 	/* An address outside the manager should return -ENXIO. */
1581 	found_block = gpu_buddy_allocated_addr_to_block(&mm, test_size);
1582 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, PTR_ERR(found_block), -ENXIO);
1583 
1584 	/* 3. Standard inline cleanup flow */
1585 	gpu_buddy_free_list(&mm, &allocated_list, 0);
1586 	gpu_buddy_fini(&mm);
1587 }
1588 
1589 static int gpu_buddy_suite_init(struct kunit_suite *suite)
1590 {
1591 	while (!random_seed)
1592 		random_seed = get_random_u32();
1593 
1594 	kunit_info(suite, "Testing GPU buddy manager, with random_seed=0x%x\n",
1595 		   random_seed);
1596 
1597 	return 0;
1598 }
1599 
1600 static struct kunit_case gpu_buddy_tests[] = {
1601 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_limit),
1602 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_optimistic),
1603 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_pessimistic),
1604 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_pathological),
1605 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_contiguous),
1606 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_clear),
1607 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_range),
1608 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_range_bias),
1609 	KUNIT_CASE_SLOW(gpu_test_buddy_fragmentation_performance),
1610 	KUNIT_CASE_SLOW(gpu_test_buddy_dirty_tracker_performance),
1611 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_alloc_exceeds_max_order),
1612 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_offset_aligned_allocation),
1613 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_subtree_offset_alignment_stress),
1614 	KUNIT_CASE(gpu_test_buddy_addr_to_block),
1615 	{}
1616 };
1617 
1618 static struct kunit_suite gpu_buddy_test_suite = {
1619 	.name = "gpu_buddy",
1620 	.suite_init = gpu_buddy_suite_init,
1621 	.test_cases = gpu_buddy_tests,
1622 };
1623 
1624 kunit_test_suite(gpu_buddy_test_suite);
1625 
1626 MODULE_AUTHOR("Intel Corporation");
1627 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Kunit test for gpu_buddy functions");
1628 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1629