xref: /linux/drivers/char/mem.c (revision b0148a98ec5151fec82064d95f11eb9efbc628ea)
1 /*
2  *  linux/drivers/char/mem.c
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
5  *
6  *  Added devfs support.
7  *    Jan-11-1998, C. Scott Ananian <cananian@alumni.princeton.edu>
8  *  Shared /dev/zero mmaping support, Feb 2000, Kanoj Sarcar <kanoj@sgi.com>
9  */
10 
11 #include <linux/mm.h>
12 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/random.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/raw.h>
19 #include <linux/tty.h>
20 #include <linux/capability.h>
21 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
22 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
23 #include <linux/device.h>
24 #include <linux/highmem.h>
25 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
26 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
27 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
28 #include <linux/pipe_fs_i.h>
29 #include <linux/pfn.h>
30 
31 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
32 #include <asm/io.h>
33 
34 #ifdef CONFIG_IA64
35 # include <linux/efi.h>
36 #endif
37 
38 /*
39  * Architectures vary in how they handle caching for addresses
40  * outside of main memory.
41  *
42  */
43 static inline int uncached_access(struct file *file, unsigned long addr)
44 {
45 #if defined(__i386__)
46 	/*
47 	 * On the PPro and successors, the MTRRs are used to set
48 	 * memory types for physical addresses outside main memory,
49 	 * so blindly setting PCD or PWT on those pages is wrong.
50 	 * For Pentiums and earlier, the surround logic should disable
51 	 * caching for the high addresses through the KEN pin, but
52 	 * we maintain the tradition of paranoia in this code.
53 	 */
54 	if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
55 		return 1;
56  	return !( test_bit(X86_FEATURE_MTRR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) ||
57 		  test_bit(X86_FEATURE_K6_MTRR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) ||
58 		  test_bit(X86_FEATURE_CYRIX_ARR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) ||
59 		  test_bit(X86_FEATURE_CENTAUR_MCR, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability) )
60 	  && addr >= __pa(high_memory);
61 #elif defined(__x86_64__)
62 	/*
63 	 * This is broken because it can generate memory type aliases,
64 	 * which can cause cache corruptions
65 	 * But it is only available for root and we have to be bug-to-bug
66 	 * compatible with i386.
67 	 */
68 	if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
69 		return 1;
70 	/* same behaviour as i386. PAT always set to cached and MTRRs control the
71 	   caching behaviour.
72 	   Hopefully a full PAT implementation will fix that soon. */
73 	return 0;
74 #elif defined(CONFIG_IA64)
75 	/*
76 	 * On ia64, we ignore O_SYNC because we cannot tolerate memory attribute aliases.
77 	 */
78 	return !(efi_mem_attributes(addr) & EFI_MEMORY_WB);
79 #else
80 	/*
81 	 * Accessing memory above the top the kernel knows about or through a file pointer
82 	 * that was marked O_SYNC will be done non-cached.
83 	 */
84 	if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
85 		return 1;
86 	return addr >= __pa(high_memory);
87 #endif
88 }
89 
90 #ifndef ARCH_HAS_VALID_PHYS_ADDR_RANGE
91 static inline int valid_phys_addr_range(unsigned long addr, size_t count)
92 {
93 	if (addr + count > __pa(high_memory))
94 		return 0;
95 
96 	return 1;
97 }
98 
99 static inline int valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(unsigned long pfn, size_t size)
100 {
101 	return 1;
102 }
103 #endif
104 
105 /*
106  * This funcion reads the *physical* memory. The f_pos points directly to the
107  * memory location.
108  */
109 static ssize_t read_mem(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
110 			size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
111 {
112 	unsigned long p = *ppos;
113 	ssize_t read, sz;
114 	char *ptr;
115 
116 	if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
117 		return -EFAULT;
118 	read = 0;
119 #ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
120 	/* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
121 	if (p < PAGE_SIZE) {
122 		sz = PAGE_SIZE - p;
123 		if (sz > count)
124 			sz = count;
125 		if (sz > 0) {
126 			if (clear_user(buf, sz))
127 				return -EFAULT;
128 			buf += sz;
129 			p += sz;
130 			count -= sz;
131 			read += sz;
132 		}
133 	}
134 #endif
135 
136 	while (count > 0) {
137 		/*
138 		 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
139 		 */
140 		if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
141 			sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
142 		else
143 			sz = PAGE_SIZE;
144 
145 		sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);
146 
147 		/*
148 		 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
149 		 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
150 		 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
151 		 */
152 		ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p);
153 
154 		if (copy_to_user(buf, ptr, sz))
155 			return -EFAULT;
156 		buf += sz;
157 		p += sz;
158 		count -= sz;
159 		read += sz;
160 	}
161 
162 	*ppos += read;
163 	return read;
164 }
165 
166 static ssize_t write_mem(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
167 			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
168 {
169 	unsigned long p = *ppos;
170 	ssize_t written, sz;
171 	unsigned long copied;
172 	void *ptr;
173 
174 	if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
175 		return -EFAULT;
176 
177 	written = 0;
178 
179 #ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
180 	/* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
181 	if (p < PAGE_SIZE) {
182 		unsigned long sz = PAGE_SIZE - p;
183 		if (sz > count)
184 			sz = count;
185 		/* Hmm. Do something? */
186 		buf += sz;
187 		p += sz;
188 		count -= sz;
189 		written += sz;
190 	}
191 #endif
192 
193 	while (count > 0) {
194 		/*
195 		 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
196 		 */
197 		if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
198 			sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
199 		else
200 			sz = PAGE_SIZE;
201 
202 		sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);
203 
204 		/*
205 		 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
206 		 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
207 		 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
208 		 */
209 		ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p);
210 
211 		copied = copy_from_user(ptr, buf, sz);
212 		if (copied) {
213 			written += sz - copied;
214 			if (written)
215 				break;
216 			return -EFAULT;
217 		}
218 		buf += sz;
219 		p += sz;
220 		count -= sz;
221 		written += sz;
222 	}
223 
224 	*ppos += written;
225 	return written;
226 }
227 
228 #ifndef __HAVE_PHYS_MEM_ACCESS_PROT
229 static pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
230 				     unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
231 {
232 #ifdef pgprot_noncached
233 	unsigned long offset = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
234 
235 	if (uncached_access(file, offset))
236 		return pgprot_noncached(vma_prot);
237 #endif
238 	return vma_prot;
239 }
240 #endif
241 
242 #ifndef CONFIG_MMU
243 static unsigned long get_unmapped_area_mem(struct file *file,
244 					   unsigned long addr,
245 					   unsigned long len,
246 					   unsigned long pgoff,
247 					   unsigned long flags)
248 {
249 	if (!valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(pgoff, len))
250 		return (unsigned long) -EINVAL;
251 	return pgoff;
252 }
253 
254 /* can't do an in-place private mapping if there's no MMU */
255 static inline int private_mapping_ok(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
256 {
257 	return vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE;
258 }
259 #else
260 #define get_unmapped_area_mem	NULL
261 
262 static inline int private_mapping_ok(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
263 {
264 	return 1;
265 }
266 #endif
267 
268 static int mmap_mem(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
269 {
270 	size_t size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
271 
272 	if (!valid_mmap_phys_addr_range(vma->vm_pgoff, size))
273 		return -EINVAL;
274 
275 	if (!private_mapping_ok(vma))
276 		return -ENOSYS;
277 
278 	vma->vm_page_prot = phys_mem_access_prot(file, vma->vm_pgoff,
279 						 size,
280 						 vma->vm_page_prot);
281 
282 	/* Remap-pfn-range will mark the range VM_IO and VM_RESERVED */
283 	if (remap_pfn_range(vma,
284 			    vma->vm_start,
285 			    vma->vm_pgoff,
286 			    size,
287 			    vma->vm_page_prot))
288 		return -EAGAIN;
289 	return 0;
290 }
291 
292 static int mmap_kmem(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
293 {
294 	unsigned long pfn;
295 
296 	/* Turn a kernel-virtual address into a physical page frame */
297 	pfn = __pa((u64)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
298 
299 	/*
300 	 * RED-PEN: on some architectures there is more mapped memory
301 	 * than available in mem_map which pfn_valid checks
302 	 * for. Perhaps should add a new macro here.
303 	 *
304 	 * RED-PEN: vmalloc is not supported right now.
305 	 */
306 	if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
307 		return -EIO;
308 
309 	vma->vm_pgoff = pfn;
310 	return mmap_mem(file, vma);
311 }
312 
313 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
314 /*
315  * Read memory corresponding to the old kernel.
316  */
317 static ssize_t read_oldmem(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
318 				size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
319 {
320 	unsigned long pfn, offset;
321 	size_t read = 0, csize;
322 	int rc = 0;
323 
324 	while (count) {
325 		pfn = *ppos / PAGE_SIZE;
326 		if (pfn > saved_max_pfn)
327 			return read;
328 
329 		offset = (unsigned long)(*ppos % PAGE_SIZE);
330 		if (count > PAGE_SIZE - offset)
331 			csize = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
332 		else
333 			csize = count;
334 
335 		rc = copy_oldmem_page(pfn, buf, csize, offset, 1);
336 		if (rc < 0)
337 			return rc;
338 		buf += csize;
339 		*ppos += csize;
340 		read += csize;
341 		count -= csize;
342 	}
343 	return read;
344 }
345 #endif
346 
347 extern long vread(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count);
348 extern long vwrite(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count);
349 
350 /*
351  * This function reads the *virtual* memory as seen by the kernel.
352  */
353 static ssize_t read_kmem(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
354 			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
355 {
356 	unsigned long p = *ppos;
357 	ssize_t low_count, read, sz;
358 	char * kbuf; /* k-addr because vread() takes vmlist_lock rwlock */
359 
360 	read = 0;
361 	if (p < (unsigned long) high_memory) {
362 		low_count = count;
363 		if (count > (unsigned long) high_memory - p)
364 			low_count = (unsigned long) high_memory - p;
365 
366 #ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
367 		/* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
368 		if (p < PAGE_SIZE && low_count > 0) {
369 			size_t tmp = PAGE_SIZE - p;
370 			if (tmp > low_count) tmp = low_count;
371 			if (clear_user(buf, tmp))
372 				return -EFAULT;
373 			buf += tmp;
374 			p += tmp;
375 			read += tmp;
376 			low_count -= tmp;
377 			count -= tmp;
378 		}
379 #endif
380 		while (low_count > 0) {
381 			/*
382 			 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
383 			 */
384 			if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
385 				sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
386 			else
387 				sz = PAGE_SIZE;
388 
389 			sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, low_count);
390 
391 			/*
392 			 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
393 			 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
394 			 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
395 			 */
396 			kbuf = xlate_dev_kmem_ptr((char *)p);
397 
398 			if (copy_to_user(buf, kbuf, sz))
399 				return -EFAULT;
400 			buf += sz;
401 			p += sz;
402 			read += sz;
403 			low_count -= sz;
404 			count -= sz;
405 		}
406 	}
407 
408 	if (count > 0) {
409 		kbuf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
410 		if (!kbuf)
411 			return -ENOMEM;
412 		while (count > 0) {
413 			int len = count;
414 
415 			if (len > PAGE_SIZE)
416 				len = PAGE_SIZE;
417 			len = vread(kbuf, (char *)p, len);
418 			if (!len)
419 				break;
420 			if (copy_to_user(buf, kbuf, len)) {
421 				free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
422 				return -EFAULT;
423 			}
424 			count -= len;
425 			buf += len;
426 			read += len;
427 			p += len;
428 		}
429 		free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
430 	}
431  	*ppos = p;
432  	return read;
433 }
434 
435 
436 static inline ssize_t
437 do_write_kmem(void *p, unsigned long realp, const char __user * buf,
438 	      size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
439 {
440 	ssize_t written, sz;
441 	unsigned long copied;
442 
443 	written = 0;
444 #ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
445 	/* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
446 	if (realp < PAGE_SIZE) {
447 		unsigned long sz = PAGE_SIZE - realp;
448 		if (sz > count)
449 			sz = count;
450 		/* Hmm. Do something? */
451 		buf += sz;
452 		p += sz;
453 		realp += sz;
454 		count -= sz;
455 		written += sz;
456 	}
457 #endif
458 
459 	while (count > 0) {
460 		char *ptr;
461 		/*
462 		 * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
463 		 */
464 		if (-realp & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
465 			sz = -realp & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
466 		else
467 			sz = PAGE_SIZE;
468 
469 		sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);
470 
471 		/*
472 		 * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
473 		 * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
474 		 * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
475 		 */
476 		ptr = xlate_dev_kmem_ptr(p);
477 
478 		copied = copy_from_user(ptr, buf, sz);
479 		if (copied) {
480 			written += sz - copied;
481 			if (written)
482 				break;
483 			return -EFAULT;
484 		}
485 		buf += sz;
486 		p += sz;
487 		realp += sz;
488 		count -= sz;
489 		written += sz;
490 	}
491 
492 	*ppos += written;
493 	return written;
494 }
495 
496 
497 /*
498  * This function writes to the *virtual* memory as seen by the kernel.
499  */
500 static ssize_t write_kmem(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
501 			  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
502 {
503 	unsigned long p = *ppos;
504 	ssize_t wrote = 0;
505 	ssize_t virtr = 0;
506 	ssize_t written;
507 	char * kbuf; /* k-addr because vwrite() takes vmlist_lock rwlock */
508 
509 	if (p < (unsigned long) high_memory) {
510 
511 		wrote = count;
512 		if (count > (unsigned long) high_memory - p)
513 			wrote = (unsigned long) high_memory - p;
514 
515 		written = do_write_kmem((void*)p, p, buf, wrote, ppos);
516 		if (written != wrote)
517 			return written;
518 		wrote = written;
519 		p += wrote;
520 		buf += wrote;
521 		count -= wrote;
522 	}
523 
524 	if (count > 0) {
525 		kbuf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
526 		if (!kbuf)
527 			return wrote ? wrote : -ENOMEM;
528 		while (count > 0) {
529 			int len = count;
530 
531 			if (len > PAGE_SIZE)
532 				len = PAGE_SIZE;
533 			if (len) {
534 				written = copy_from_user(kbuf, buf, len);
535 				if (written) {
536 					if (wrote + virtr)
537 						break;
538 					free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
539 					return -EFAULT;
540 				}
541 			}
542 			len = vwrite(kbuf, (char *)p, len);
543 			count -= len;
544 			buf += len;
545 			virtr += len;
546 			p += len;
547 		}
548 		free_page((unsigned long)kbuf);
549 	}
550 
551  	*ppos = p;
552  	return virtr + wrote;
553 }
554 
555 #if (defined(CONFIG_ISA) || defined(CONFIG_PCI)) && !defined(__mc68000__)
556 static ssize_t read_port(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
557 			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
558 {
559 	unsigned long i = *ppos;
560 	char __user *tmp = buf;
561 
562 	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, count))
563 		return -EFAULT;
564 	while (count-- > 0 && i < 65536) {
565 		if (__put_user(inb(i),tmp) < 0)
566 			return -EFAULT;
567 		i++;
568 		tmp++;
569 	}
570 	*ppos = i;
571 	return tmp-buf;
572 }
573 
574 static ssize_t write_port(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
575 			  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
576 {
577 	unsigned long i = *ppos;
578 	const char __user * tmp = buf;
579 
580 	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ,buf,count))
581 		return -EFAULT;
582 	while (count-- > 0 && i < 65536) {
583 		char c;
584 		if (__get_user(c, tmp)) {
585 			if (tmp > buf)
586 				break;
587 			return -EFAULT;
588 		}
589 		outb(c,i);
590 		i++;
591 		tmp++;
592 	}
593 	*ppos = i;
594 	return tmp-buf;
595 }
596 #endif
597 
598 static ssize_t read_null(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
599 			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
600 {
601 	return 0;
602 }
603 
604 static ssize_t write_null(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
605 			  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
606 {
607 	return count;
608 }
609 
610 static int pipe_to_null(struct pipe_inode_info *info, struct pipe_buffer *buf,
611 			struct splice_desc *sd)
612 {
613 	return sd->len;
614 }
615 
616 static ssize_t splice_write_null(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,struct file *out,
617 				 loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
618 {
619 	return splice_from_pipe(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags, pipe_to_null);
620 }
621 
622 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
623 /*
624  * For fun, we are using the MMU for this.
625  */
626 static inline size_t read_zero_pagealigned(char __user * buf, size_t size)
627 {
628 	struct mm_struct *mm;
629 	struct vm_area_struct * vma;
630 	unsigned long addr=(unsigned long)buf;
631 
632 	mm = current->mm;
633 	/* Oops, this was forgotten before. -ben */
634 	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
635 
636 	/* For private mappings, just map in zero pages. */
637 	for (vma = find_vma(mm, addr); vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
638 		unsigned long count;
639 
640 		if (vma->vm_start > addr || (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) == 0)
641 			goto out_up;
642 		if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_HUGETLB))
643 			break;
644 		count = vma->vm_end - addr;
645 		if (count > size)
646 			count = size;
647 
648 		zap_page_range(vma, addr, count, NULL);
649         	if (zeromap_page_range(vma, addr, count, PAGE_COPY))
650 			break;
651 
652 		size -= count;
653 		buf += count;
654 		addr += count;
655 		if (size == 0)
656 			goto out_up;
657 	}
658 
659 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
660 
661 	/* The shared case is hard. Let's do the conventional zeroing. */
662 	do {
663 		unsigned long unwritten = clear_user(buf, PAGE_SIZE);
664 		if (unwritten)
665 			return size + unwritten - PAGE_SIZE;
666 		cond_resched();
667 		buf += PAGE_SIZE;
668 		size -= PAGE_SIZE;
669 	} while (size);
670 
671 	return size;
672 out_up:
673 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
674 	return size;
675 }
676 
677 static ssize_t read_zero(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
678 			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
679 {
680 	unsigned long left, unwritten, written = 0;
681 
682 	if (!count)
683 		return 0;
684 
685 	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, count))
686 		return -EFAULT;
687 
688 	left = count;
689 
690 	/* do we want to be clever? Arbitrary cut-off */
691 	if (count >= PAGE_SIZE*4) {
692 		unsigned long partial;
693 
694 		/* How much left of the page? */
695 		partial = (PAGE_SIZE-1) & -(unsigned long) buf;
696 		unwritten = clear_user(buf, partial);
697 		written = partial - unwritten;
698 		if (unwritten)
699 			goto out;
700 		left -= partial;
701 		buf += partial;
702 		unwritten = read_zero_pagealigned(buf, left & PAGE_MASK);
703 		written += (left & PAGE_MASK) - unwritten;
704 		if (unwritten)
705 			goto out;
706 		buf += left & PAGE_MASK;
707 		left &= ~PAGE_MASK;
708 	}
709 	unwritten = clear_user(buf, left);
710 	written += left - unwritten;
711 out:
712 	return written ? written : -EFAULT;
713 }
714 
715 static int mmap_zero(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
716 {
717 	int err;
718 
719 	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
720 		return shmem_zero_setup(vma);
721 	err = zeromap_page_range(vma, vma->vm_start,
722 			vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start, vma->vm_page_prot);
723 	BUG_ON(err == -EEXIST);
724 	return err;
725 }
726 #else /* CONFIG_MMU */
727 static ssize_t read_zero(struct file * file, char * buf,
728 			 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
729 {
730 	size_t todo = count;
731 
732 	while (todo) {
733 		size_t chunk = todo;
734 
735 		if (chunk > 4096)
736 			chunk = 4096;	/* Just for latency reasons */
737 		if (clear_user(buf, chunk))
738 			return -EFAULT;
739 		buf += chunk;
740 		todo -= chunk;
741 		cond_resched();
742 	}
743 	return count;
744 }
745 
746 static int mmap_zero(struct file * file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
747 {
748 	return -ENOSYS;
749 }
750 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
751 
752 static ssize_t write_full(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
753 			  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
754 {
755 	return -ENOSPC;
756 }
757 
758 /*
759  * Special lseek() function for /dev/null and /dev/zero.  Most notably, you
760  * can fopen() both devices with "a" now.  This was previously impossible.
761  * -- SRB.
762  */
763 
764 static loff_t null_lseek(struct file * file, loff_t offset, int orig)
765 {
766 	return file->f_pos = 0;
767 }
768 
769 /*
770  * The memory devices use the full 32/64 bits of the offset, and so we cannot
771  * check against negative addresses: they are ok. The return value is weird,
772  * though, in that case (0).
773  *
774  * also note that seeking relative to the "end of file" isn't supported:
775  * it has no meaning, so it returns -EINVAL.
776  */
777 static loff_t memory_lseek(struct file * file, loff_t offset, int orig)
778 {
779 	loff_t ret;
780 
781 	mutex_lock(&file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
782 	switch (orig) {
783 		case 0:
784 			file->f_pos = offset;
785 			ret = file->f_pos;
786 			force_successful_syscall_return();
787 			break;
788 		case 1:
789 			file->f_pos += offset;
790 			ret = file->f_pos;
791 			force_successful_syscall_return();
792 			break;
793 		default:
794 			ret = -EINVAL;
795 	}
796 	mutex_unlock(&file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
797 	return ret;
798 }
799 
800 static int open_port(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
801 {
802 	return capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) ? 0 : -EPERM;
803 }
804 
805 #define zero_lseek	null_lseek
806 #define full_lseek      null_lseek
807 #define write_zero	write_null
808 #define read_full       read_zero
809 #define open_mem	open_port
810 #define open_kmem	open_mem
811 #define open_oldmem	open_mem
812 
813 static const struct file_operations mem_fops = {
814 	.llseek		= memory_lseek,
815 	.read		= read_mem,
816 	.write		= write_mem,
817 	.mmap		= mmap_mem,
818 	.open		= open_mem,
819 	.get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
820 };
821 
822 static const struct file_operations kmem_fops = {
823 	.llseek		= memory_lseek,
824 	.read		= read_kmem,
825 	.write		= write_kmem,
826 	.mmap		= mmap_kmem,
827 	.open		= open_kmem,
828 	.get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
829 };
830 
831 static const struct file_operations null_fops = {
832 	.llseek		= null_lseek,
833 	.read		= read_null,
834 	.write		= write_null,
835 	.splice_write	= splice_write_null,
836 };
837 
838 #if (defined(CONFIG_ISA) || defined(CONFIG_PCI)) && !defined(__mc68000__)
839 static const struct file_operations port_fops = {
840 	.llseek		= memory_lseek,
841 	.read		= read_port,
842 	.write		= write_port,
843 	.open		= open_port,
844 };
845 #endif
846 
847 static const struct file_operations zero_fops = {
848 	.llseek		= zero_lseek,
849 	.read		= read_zero,
850 	.write		= write_zero,
851 	.mmap		= mmap_zero,
852 };
853 
854 /*
855  * capabilities for /dev/zero
856  * - permits private mappings, "copies" are taken of the source of zeros
857  */
858 static struct backing_dev_info zero_bdi = {
859 	.capabilities	= BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY,
860 };
861 
862 static const struct file_operations full_fops = {
863 	.llseek		= full_lseek,
864 	.read		= read_full,
865 	.write		= write_full,
866 };
867 
868 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
869 static const struct file_operations oldmem_fops = {
870 	.read	= read_oldmem,
871 	.open	= open_oldmem,
872 };
873 #endif
874 
875 static ssize_t kmsg_write(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
876 			  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
877 {
878 	char *tmp;
879 	ssize_t ret;
880 
881 	tmp = kmalloc(count + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
882 	if (tmp == NULL)
883 		return -ENOMEM;
884 	ret = -EFAULT;
885 	if (!copy_from_user(tmp, buf, count)) {
886 		tmp[count] = 0;
887 		ret = printk("%s", tmp);
888 		if (ret > count)
889 			/* printk can add a prefix */
890 			ret = count;
891 	}
892 	kfree(tmp);
893 	return ret;
894 }
895 
896 static const struct file_operations kmsg_fops = {
897 	.write =	kmsg_write,
898 };
899 
900 static int memory_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
901 {
902 	switch (iminor(inode)) {
903 		case 1:
904 			filp->f_op = &mem_fops;
905 			filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info =
906 				&directly_mappable_cdev_bdi;
907 			break;
908 		case 2:
909 			filp->f_op = &kmem_fops;
910 			filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info =
911 				&directly_mappable_cdev_bdi;
912 			break;
913 		case 3:
914 			filp->f_op = &null_fops;
915 			break;
916 #if (defined(CONFIG_ISA) || defined(CONFIG_PCI)) && !defined(__mc68000__)
917 		case 4:
918 			filp->f_op = &port_fops;
919 			break;
920 #endif
921 		case 5:
922 			filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info = &zero_bdi;
923 			filp->f_op = &zero_fops;
924 			break;
925 		case 7:
926 			filp->f_op = &full_fops;
927 			break;
928 		case 8:
929 			filp->f_op = &random_fops;
930 			break;
931 		case 9:
932 			filp->f_op = &urandom_fops;
933 			break;
934 		case 11:
935 			filp->f_op = &kmsg_fops;
936 			break;
937 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
938 		case 12:
939 			filp->f_op = &oldmem_fops;
940 			break;
941 #endif
942 		default:
943 			return -ENXIO;
944 	}
945 	if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->open)
946 		return filp->f_op->open(inode,filp);
947 	return 0;
948 }
949 
950 static const struct file_operations memory_fops = {
951 	.open		= memory_open,	/* just a selector for the real open */
952 };
953 
954 static const struct {
955 	unsigned int		minor;
956 	char			*name;
957 	umode_t			mode;
958 	const struct file_operations	*fops;
959 } devlist[] = { /* list of minor devices */
960 	{1, "mem",     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &mem_fops},
961 	{2, "kmem",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &kmem_fops},
962 	{3, "null",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &null_fops},
963 #if (defined(CONFIG_ISA) || defined(CONFIG_PCI)) && !defined(__mc68000__)
964 	{4, "port",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &port_fops},
965 #endif
966 	{5, "zero",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &zero_fops},
967 	{7, "full",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &full_fops},
968 	{8, "random",  S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &random_fops},
969 	{9, "urandom", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &urandom_fops},
970 	{11,"kmsg",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &kmsg_fops},
971 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
972 	{12,"oldmem",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &oldmem_fops},
973 #endif
974 };
975 
976 static struct class *mem_class;
977 
978 static int __init chr_dev_init(void)
979 {
980 	int i;
981 
982 	if (register_chrdev(MEM_MAJOR,"mem",&memory_fops))
983 		printk("unable to get major %d for memory devs\n", MEM_MAJOR);
984 
985 	mem_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "mem");
986 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(devlist); i++)
987 		device_create(mem_class, NULL,
988 			      MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR, devlist[i].minor),
989 			      devlist[i].name);
990 
991 	return 0;
992 }
993 
994 fs_initcall(chr_dev_init);
995