xref: /linux/block/fops.c (revision 69050f8d6d075dc01af7a5f2f550a8067510366f)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
4  * Copyright (C) 2001  Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
5  * Copyright (C) 2016 - 2020 Christoph Hellwig
6  */
7 #include <linux/init.h>
8 #include <linux/mm.h>
9 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
10 #include <linux/blk-integrity.h>
11 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
12 #include <linux/mpage.h>
13 #include <linux/uio.h>
14 #include <linux/namei.h>
15 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
16 #include <linux/falloc.h>
17 #include <linux/suspend.h>
18 #include <linux/fs.h>
19 #include <linux/iomap.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/io_uring/cmd.h>
22 #include "blk.h"
23 
24 static inline struct inode *bdev_file_inode(struct file *file)
25 {
26 	return file->f_mapping->host;
27 }
28 
29 static blk_opf_t dio_bio_write_op(struct kiocb *iocb)
30 {
31 	blk_opf_t opf = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SYNC | REQ_IDLE;
32 
33 	/* avoid the need for a I/O completion work item */
34 	if (iocb_is_dsync(iocb))
35 		opf |= REQ_FUA;
36 	return opf;
37 }
38 
39 static bool blkdev_dio_invalid(struct block_device *bdev, struct kiocb *iocb,
40 				struct iov_iter *iter)
41 {
42 	return (iocb->ki_pos | iov_iter_count(iter)) &
43 			(bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1);
44 }
45 
46 static inline int blkdev_iov_iter_get_pages(struct bio *bio,
47 		struct iov_iter *iter, struct block_device *bdev)
48 {
49 	return bio_iov_iter_get_pages(bio, iter,
50 			bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1);
51 }
52 
53 #define DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS 4
54 
55 static ssize_t __blkdev_direct_IO_simple(struct kiocb *iocb,
56 		struct iov_iter *iter, struct block_device *bdev,
57 		unsigned int nr_pages)
58 {
59 	struct bio_vec inline_vecs[DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS], *vecs;
60 	loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
61 	bool should_dirty = false;
62 	struct bio bio;
63 	ssize_t ret;
64 
65 	if (nr_pages <= DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS)
66 		vecs = inline_vecs;
67 	else {
68 		vecs = kmalloc_objs(struct bio_vec, nr_pages, GFP_KERNEL);
69 		if (!vecs)
70 			return -ENOMEM;
71 	}
72 
73 	if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ) {
74 		bio_init(&bio, bdev, vecs, nr_pages, REQ_OP_READ);
75 		if (user_backed_iter(iter))
76 			should_dirty = true;
77 	} else {
78 		bio_init(&bio, bdev, vecs, nr_pages, dio_bio_write_op(iocb));
79 	}
80 	bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = pos >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
81 	bio.bi_write_hint = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)->i_write_hint;
82 	bio.bi_write_stream = iocb->ki_write_stream;
83 	bio.bi_ioprio = iocb->ki_ioprio;
84 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_ATOMIC)
85 		bio.bi_opf |= REQ_ATOMIC;
86 
87 	ret = blkdev_iov_iter_get_pages(&bio, iter, bdev);
88 	if (unlikely(ret))
89 		goto out;
90 	ret = bio.bi_iter.bi_size;
91 
92 	if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE)
93 		task_io_account_write(ret);
94 
95 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
96 		bio.bi_opf |= REQ_NOWAIT;
97 
98 	submit_bio_wait(&bio);
99 
100 	bio_release_pages(&bio, should_dirty);
101 	if (unlikely(bio.bi_status))
102 		ret = blk_status_to_errno(bio.bi_status);
103 
104 out:
105 	if (vecs != inline_vecs)
106 		kfree(vecs);
107 
108 	bio_uninit(&bio);
109 
110 	return ret;
111 }
112 
113 enum {
114 	DIO_SHOULD_DIRTY	= 1,
115 	DIO_IS_SYNC		= 2,
116 };
117 
118 struct blkdev_dio {
119 	union {
120 		struct kiocb		*iocb;
121 		struct task_struct	*waiter;
122 	};
123 	size_t			size;
124 	atomic_t		ref;
125 	unsigned int		flags;
126 	struct bio		bio ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
127 };
128 
129 static struct bio_set blkdev_dio_pool;
130 
131 static void blkdev_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio)
132 {
133 	struct blkdev_dio *dio = bio->bi_private;
134 	bool should_dirty = dio->flags & DIO_SHOULD_DIRTY;
135 	bool is_sync = dio->flags & DIO_IS_SYNC;
136 
137 	if (bio->bi_status && !dio->bio.bi_status)
138 		dio->bio.bi_status = bio->bi_status;
139 
140 	if (bio_integrity(bio))
141 		bio_integrity_unmap_user(bio);
142 
143 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&dio->ref)) {
144 		if (!is_sync) {
145 			struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;
146 			ssize_t ret;
147 
148 			WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, NULL);
149 
150 			if (likely(!dio->bio.bi_status)) {
151 				ret = dio->size;
152 				iocb->ki_pos += ret;
153 			} else {
154 				ret = blk_status_to_errno(dio->bio.bi_status);
155 			}
156 
157 			dio->iocb->ki_complete(iocb, ret);
158 			bio_put(&dio->bio);
159 		} else {
160 			struct task_struct *waiter = dio->waiter;
161 
162 			WRITE_ONCE(dio->waiter, NULL);
163 			blk_wake_io_task(waiter);
164 		}
165 	}
166 
167 	if (should_dirty) {
168 		bio_check_pages_dirty(bio);
169 	} else {
170 		bio_release_pages(bio, false);
171 		bio_put(bio);
172 	}
173 }
174 
175 static ssize_t __blkdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
176 		struct block_device *bdev, unsigned int nr_pages)
177 {
178 	struct blk_plug plug;
179 	struct blkdev_dio *dio;
180 	struct bio *bio;
181 	bool is_read = (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ), is_sync;
182 	blk_opf_t opf = is_read ? REQ_OP_READ : dio_bio_write_op(iocb);
183 	loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
184 	int ret = 0;
185 
186 	bio = bio_alloc_bioset(bdev, nr_pages, opf, GFP_KERNEL,
187 			       &blkdev_dio_pool);
188 	dio = container_of(bio, struct blkdev_dio, bio);
189 	atomic_set(&dio->ref, 1);
190 	/*
191 	 * Grab an extra reference to ensure the dio structure which is embedded
192 	 * into the first bio stays around.
193 	 */
194 	bio_get(bio);
195 
196 	is_sync = is_sync_kiocb(iocb);
197 	if (is_sync) {
198 		dio->flags = DIO_IS_SYNC;
199 		dio->waiter = current;
200 	} else {
201 		dio->flags = 0;
202 		dio->iocb = iocb;
203 	}
204 
205 	dio->size = 0;
206 	if (is_read && user_backed_iter(iter))
207 		dio->flags |= DIO_SHOULD_DIRTY;
208 
209 	blk_start_plug(&plug);
210 
211 	for (;;) {
212 		bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = pos >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
213 		bio->bi_write_hint = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)->i_write_hint;
214 		bio->bi_write_stream = iocb->ki_write_stream;
215 		bio->bi_private = dio;
216 		bio->bi_end_io = blkdev_bio_end_io;
217 		bio->bi_ioprio = iocb->ki_ioprio;
218 
219 		ret = blkdev_iov_iter_get_pages(bio, iter, bdev);
220 		if (unlikely(ret)) {
221 			bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
222 			bio_endio(bio);
223 			break;
224 		}
225 		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) {
226 			/*
227 			 * This is nonblocking IO, and we need to allocate
228 			 * another bio if we have data left to map. As we
229 			 * cannot guarantee that one of the sub bios will not
230 			 * fail getting issued FOR NOWAIT and as error results
231 			 * are coalesced across all of them, be safe and ask for
232 			 * a retry of this from blocking context.
233 			 */
234 			if (unlikely(iov_iter_count(iter))) {
235 				ret = -EAGAIN;
236 				goto fail;
237 			}
238 			bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOWAIT;
239 		}
240 		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HAS_METADATA) {
241 			ret = bio_integrity_map_iter(bio, iocb->private);
242 			if (unlikely(ret))
243 				goto fail;
244 		}
245 
246 		if (is_read) {
247 			if (dio->flags & DIO_SHOULD_DIRTY)
248 				bio_set_pages_dirty(bio);
249 		} else {
250 			task_io_account_write(bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
251 		}
252 		dio->size += bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
253 		pos += bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
254 
255 		nr_pages = bio_iov_vecs_to_alloc(iter, BIO_MAX_VECS);
256 		if (!nr_pages) {
257 			submit_bio(bio);
258 			break;
259 		}
260 		atomic_inc(&dio->ref);
261 		submit_bio(bio);
262 		bio = bio_alloc(bdev, nr_pages, opf, GFP_KERNEL);
263 	}
264 
265 	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
266 
267 	if (!is_sync)
268 		return -EIOCBQUEUED;
269 
270 	for (;;) {
271 		set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
272 		if (!READ_ONCE(dio->waiter))
273 			break;
274 		blk_io_schedule();
275 	}
276 	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
277 
278 	if (!ret)
279 		ret = blk_status_to_errno(dio->bio.bi_status);
280 	if (likely(!ret))
281 		ret = dio->size;
282 
283 	bio_put(&dio->bio);
284 	return ret;
285 fail:
286 	bio_release_pages(bio, false);
287 	bio_clear_flag(bio, BIO_REFFED);
288 	bio_put(bio);
289 	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
290 	return ret;
291 }
292 
293 static void blkdev_bio_end_io_async(struct bio *bio)
294 {
295 	struct blkdev_dio *dio = container_of(bio, struct blkdev_dio, bio);
296 	struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;
297 	ssize_t ret;
298 
299 	WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, NULL);
300 
301 	if (likely(!bio->bi_status)) {
302 		ret = dio->size;
303 		iocb->ki_pos += ret;
304 	} else {
305 		ret = blk_status_to_errno(bio->bi_status);
306 	}
307 
308 	if (bio_integrity(bio))
309 		bio_integrity_unmap_user(bio);
310 
311 	iocb->ki_complete(iocb, ret);
312 
313 	if (dio->flags & DIO_SHOULD_DIRTY) {
314 		bio_check_pages_dirty(bio);
315 	} else {
316 		bio_release_pages(bio, false);
317 		bio_put(bio);
318 	}
319 }
320 
321 static ssize_t __blkdev_direct_IO_async(struct kiocb *iocb,
322 					struct iov_iter *iter,
323 					struct block_device *bdev,
324 					unsigned int nr_pages)
325 {
326 	bool is_read = iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ;
327 	blk_opf_t opf = is_read ? REQ_OP_READ : dio_bio_write_op(iocb);
328 	struct blkdev_dio *dio;
329 	struct bio *bio;
330 	loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
331 	int ret = 0;
332 
333 	bio = bio_alloc_bioset(bdev, nr_pages, opf, GFP_KERNEL,
334 			       &blkdev_dio_pool);
335 	dio = container_of(bio, struct blkdev_dio, bio);
336 	dio->flags = 0;
337 	dio->iocb = iocb;
338 	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = pos >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
339 	bio->bi_write_hint = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)->i_write_hint;
340 	bio->bi_write_stream = iocb->ki_write_stream;
341 	bio->bi_end_io = blkdev_bio_end_io_async;
342 	bio->bi_ioprio = iocb->ki_ioprio;
343 
344 	if (iov_iter_is_bvec(iter)) {
345 		/*
346 		 * Users don't rely on the iterator being in any particular
347 		 * state for async I/O returning -EIOCBQUEUED, hence we can
348 		 * avoid expensive iov_iter_advance(). Bypass
349 		 * bio_iov_iter_get_pages() and set the bvec directly.
350 		 */
351 		bio_iov_bvec_set(bio, iter);
352 	} else {
353 		ret = blkdev_iov_iter_get_pages(bio, iter, bdev);
354 		if (unlikely(ret))
355 			goto out_bio_put;
356 	}
357 	dio->size = bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
358 
359 	if (is_read) {
360 		if (user_backed_iter(iter)) {
361 			dio->flags |= DIO_SHOULD_DIRTY;
362 			bio_set_pages_dirty(bio);
363 		}
364 	} else {
365 		task_io_account_write(bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
366 	}
367 
368 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HAS_METADATA) {
369 		ret = bio_integrity_map_iter(bio, iocb->private);
370 		WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, NULL);
371 		if (unlikely(ret))
372 			goto out_bio_put;
373 	}
374 
375 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_ATOMIC)
376 		bio->bi_opf |= REQ_ATOMIC;
377 
378 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
379 		bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOWAIT;
380 
381 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) {
382 		bio->bi_opf |= REQ_POLLED;
383 		submit_bio(bio);
384 		WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, bio);
385 	} else {
386 		submit_bio(bio);
387 	}
388 	return -EIOCBQUEUED;
389 
390 out_bio_put:
391 	bio_put(bio);
392 	return ret;
393 }
394 
395 static ssize_t blkdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
396 {
397 	struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host);
398 	unsigned int nr_pages;
399 
400 	if (!iov_iter_count(iter))
401 		return 0;
402 
403 	if (blkdev_dio_invalid(bdev, iocb, iter))
404 		return -EINVAL;
405 
406 	if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE) {
407 		u16 max_write_streams = bdev_max_write_streams(bdev);
408 
409 		if (iocb->ki_write_stream) {
410 			if (iocb->ki_write_stream > max_write_streams)
411 				return -EINVAL;
412 		} else if (max_write_streams) {
413 			enum rw_hint write_hint =
414 				file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)->i_write_hint;
415 
416 			/*
417 			 * Just use the write hint as write stream for block
418 			 * device writes.  This assumes no file system is
419 			 * mounted that would use the streams differently.
420 			 */
421 			if (write_hint <= max_write_streams)
422 				iocb->ki_write_stream = write_hint;
423 		}
424 	}
425 
426 	nr_pages = bio_iov_vecs_to_alloc(iter, BIO_MAX_VECS + 1);
427 	if (likely(nr_pages <= BIO_MAX_VECS &&
428 		   !(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HAS_METADATA))) {
429 		if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb))
430 			return __blkdev_direct_IO_simple(iocb, iter, bdev,
431 							nr_pages);
432 		return __blkdev_direct_IO_async(iocb, iter, bdev, nr_pages);
433 	} else if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_ATOMIC) {
434 		return -EINVAL;
435 	}
436 	return __blkdev_direct_IO(iocb, iter, bdev, bio_max_segs(nr_pages));
437 }
438 
439 static int blkdev_iomap_begin(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t length,
440 		unsigned int flags, struct iomap *iomap, struct iomap *srcmap)
441 {
442 	struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
443 	loff_t isize = i_size_read(inode);
444 
445 	if (offset >= isize)
446 		return -EIO;
447 
448 	iomap->bdev = bdev;
449 	iomap->offset = ALIGN_DOWN(offset, bdev_logical_block_size(bdev));
450 	iomap->type = IOMAP_MAPPED;
451 	iomap->addr = iomap->offset;
452 	iomap->length = isize - iomap->offset;
453 	iomap->flags |= IOMAP_F_BUFFER_HEAD; /* noop for !CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD */
454 	return 0;
455 }
456 
457 static const struct iomap_ops blkdev_iomap_ops = {
458 	.iomap_begin		= blkdev_iomap_begin,
459 };
460 
461 #ifdef CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD
462 static int blkdev_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
463 		struct buffer_head *bh, int create)
464 {
465 	bh->b_bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
466 	bh->b_blocknr = iblock;
467 	set_buffer_mapped(bh);
468 	return 0;
469 }
470 
471 /*
472  * We cannot call mpage_writepages() as it does not take the buffer lock.
473  * We must use block_write_full_folio() directly which holds the buffer
474  * lock.  The buffer lock provides the synchronisation with writeback
475  * that filesystems rely on when they use the blockdev's mapping.
476  */
477 static int blkdev_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
478 		struct writeback_control *wbc)
479 {
480 	struct folio *folio = NULL;
481 	struct blk_plug plug;
482 	int err;
483 
484 	blk_start_plug(&plug);
485 	while ((folio = writeback_iter(mapping, wbc, folio, &err)))
486 		err = block_write_full_folio(folio, wbc, blkdev_get_block);
487 	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
488 
489 	return err;
490 }
491 
492 static int blkdev_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
493 {
494 	return block_read_full_folio(folio, blkdev_get_block);
495 }
496 
497 static void blkdev_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
498 {
499 	mpage_readahead(rac, blkdev_get_block);
500 }
501 
502 static int blkdev_write_begin(const struct kiocb *iocb,
503 			      struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos,
504 			      unsigned len, struct folio **foliop,
505 			      void **fsdata)
506 {
507 	return block_write_begin(mapping, pos, len, foliop, blkdev_get_block);
508 }
509 
510 static int blkdev_write_end(const struct kiocb *iocb,
511 			    struct address_space *mapping,
512 			    loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
513 			    struct folio *folio, void *fsdata)
514 {
515 	int ret;
516 	ret = block_write_end(pos, len, copied, folio);
517 
518 	folio_unlock(folio);
519 	folio_put(folio);
520 
521 	return ret;
522 }
523 
524 const struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops = {
525 	.dirty_folio	= block_dirty_folio,
526 	.invalidate_folio = block_invalidate_folio,
527 	.read_folio	= blkdev_read_folio,
528 	.readahead	= blkdev_readahead,
529 	.writepages	= blkdev_writepages,
530 	.write_begin	= blkdev_write_begin,
531 	.write_end	= blkdev_write_end,
532 	.migrate_folio	= buffer_migrate_folio_norefs,
533 	.is_dirty_writeback = buffer_check_dirty_writeback,
534 };
535 #else /* CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD */
536 static int blkdev_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
537 {
538 	iomap_bio_read_folio(folio, &blkdev_iomap_ops);
539 	return 0;
540 }
541 
542 static void blkdev_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
543 {
544 	iomap_bio_readahead(rac, &blkdev_iomap_ops);
545 }
546 
547 static ssize_t blkdev_writeback_range(struct iomap_writepage_ctx *wpc,
548 		struct folio *folio, u64 offset, unsigned int len, u64 end_pos)
549 {
550 	loff_t isize = i_size_read(wpc->inode);
551 
552 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(offset >= isize))
553 		return -EIO;
554 
555 	if (offset < wpc->iomap.offset ||
556 	    offset >= wpc->iomap.offset + wpc->iomap.length) {
557 		int error;
558 
559 		error = blkdev_iomap_begin(wpc->inode, offset, isize - offset,
560 				IOMAP_WRITE, &wpc->iomap, NULL);
561 		if (error)
562 			return error;
563 	}
564 
565 	return iomap_add_to_ioend(wpc, folio, offset, end_pos, len);
566 }
567 
568 static const struct iomap_writeback_ops blkdev_writeback_ops = {
569 	.writeback_range	= blkdev_writeback_range,
570 	.writeback_submit	= iomap_ioend_writeback_submit,
571 };
572 
573 static int blkdev_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
574 		struct writeback_control *wbc)
575 {
576 	struct iomap_writepage_ctx wpc = {
577 		.inode		= mapping->host,
578 		.wbc		= wbc,
579 		.ops		= &blkdev_writeback_ops
580 	};
581 
582 	return iomap_writepages(&wpc);
583 }
584 
585 const struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops = {
586 	.dirty_folio	= filemap_dirty_folio,
587 	.release_folio		= iomap_release_folio,
588 	.invalidate_folio	= iomap_invalidate_folio,
589 	.read_folio		= blkdev_read_folio,
590 	.readahead		= blkdev_readahead,
591 	.writepages		= blkdev_writepages,
592 	.is_partially_uptodate  = iomap_is_partially_uptodate,
593 	.error_remove_folio	= generic_error_remove_folio,
594 	.migrate_folio		= filemap_migrate_folio,
595 };
596 #endif /* CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD */
597 
598 /*
599  * for a block special file file_inode(file)->i_size is zero
600  * so we compute the size by hand (just as in block_read/write above)
601  */
602 static loff_t blkdev_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
603 {
604 	struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
605 	loff_t retval;
606 
607 	inode_lock(bd_inode);
608 	retval = fixed_size_llseek(file, offset, whence, i_size_read(bd_inode));
609 	inode_unlock(bd_inode);
610 	return retval;
611 }
612 
613 static int blkdev_fsync(struct file *filp, loff_t start, loff_t end,
614 		int datasync)
615 {
616 	struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(filp->f_mapping->host);
617 	int error;
618 
619 	error = file_write_and_wait_range(filp, start, end);
620 	if (error)
621 		return error;
622 
623 	/*
624 	 * There is no need to serialise calls to blkdev_issue_flush with
625 	 * i_mutex and doing so causes performance issues with concurrent
626 	 * O_SYNC writers to a block device.
627 	 */
628 	error = blkdev_issue_flush(bdev);
629 	if (error == -EOPNOTSUPP)
630 		error = 0;
631 
632 	return error;
633 }
634 
635 /**
636  * file_to_blk_mode - get block open flags from file flags
637  * @file: file whose open flags should be converted
638  *
639  * Look at file open flags and generate corresponding block open flags from
640  * them. The function works both for file just being open (e.g. during ->open
641  * callback) and for file that is already open. This is actually non-trivial
642  * (see comment in the function).
643  */
644 blk_mode_t file_to_blk_mode(struct file *file)
645 {
646 	blk_mode_t mode = 0;
647 
648 	if (file->f_mode & FMODE_READ)
649 		mode |= BLK_OPEN_READ;
650 	if (file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
651 		mode |= BLK_OPEN_WRITE;
652 	/*
653 	 * do_dentry_open() clears O_EXCL from f_flags, use file->private_data
654 	 * to determine whether the open was exclusive for already open files.
655 	 */
656 	if (file->private_data)
657 		mode |= BLK_OPEN_EXCL;
658 	else if (file->f_flags & O_EXCL)
659 		mode |= BLK_OPEN_EXCL;
660 	if (file->f_flags & O_NDELAY)
661 		mode |= BLK_OPEN_NDELAY;
662 
663 	/*
664 	 * If all bits in O_ACCMODE set (aka O_RDWR | O_WRONLY), the floppy
665 	 * driver has historically allowed ioctls as if the file was opened for
666 	 * writing, but does not allow and actual reads or writes.
667 	 */
668 	if ((file->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == (O_RDWR | O_WRONLY))
669 		mode |= BLK_OPEN_WRITE_IOCTL;
670 
671 	return mode;
672 }
673 
674 static int blkdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
675 {
676 	struct block_device *bdev;
677 	blk_mode_t mode;
678 	int ret;
679 
680 	mode = file_to_blk_mode(filp);
681 	/* Use the file as the holder. */
682 	if (mode & BLK_OPEN_EXCL)
683 		filp->private_data = filp;
684 	ret = bdev_permission(inode->i_rdev, mode, filp->private_data);
685 	if (ret)
686 		return ret;
687 
688 	bdev = blkdev_get_no_open(inode->i_rdev, true);
689 	if (!bdev)
690 		return -ENXIO;
691 
692 	if (bdev_can_atomic_write(bdev))
693 		filp->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_ATOMIC_WRITE;
694 	if (blk_get_integrity(bdev->bd_disk))
695 		filp->f_mode |= FMODE_HAS_METADATA;
696 
697 	ret = bdev_open(bdev, mode, filp->private_data, NULL, filp);
698 	if (ret)
699 		blkdev_put_no_open(bdev);
700 	return ret;
701 }
702 
703 static int blkdev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
704 {
705 	bdev_release(filp);
706 	return 0;
707 }
708 
709 static ssize_t
710 blkdev_direct_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
711 {
712 	size_t count = iov_iter_count(from);
713 	ssize_t written;
714 
715 	written = kiocb_invalidate_pages(iocb, count);
716 	if (written) {
717 		if (written == -EBUSY)
718 			return 0;
719 		return written;
720 	}
721 
722 	written = blkdev_direct_IO(iocb, from);
723 	if (written > 0) {
724 		kiocb_invalidate_post_direct_write(iocb, count);
725 		iocb->ki_pos += written;
726 		count -= written;
727 	}
728 	if (written != -EIOCBQUEUED)
729 		iov_iter_revert(from, count - iov_iter_count(from));
730 	return written;
731 }
732 
733 static ssize_t blkdev_buffered_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
734 {
735 	return iomap_file_buffered_write(iocb, from, &blkdev_iomap_ops, NULL,
736 			NULL);
737 }
738 
739 /*
740  * Write data to the block device.  Only intended for the block device itself
741  * and the raw driver which basically is a fake block device.
742  *
743  * Does not take i_mutex for the write and thus is not for general purpose
744  * use.
745  */
746 static ssize_t blkdev_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
747 {
748 	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
749 	struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
750 	struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bd_inode);
751 	bool atomic = iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_ATOMIC;
752 	loff_t size = bdev_nr_bytes(bdev);
753 	size_t shorted = 0;
754 	ssize_t ret;
755 
756 	if (bdev_read_only(bdev))
757 		return -EPERM;
758 
759 	if (IS_SWAPFILE(bd_inode) && !is_hibernate_resume_dev(bd_inode->i_rdev))
760 		return -ETXTBSY;
761 
762 	if (!iov_iter_count(from))
763 		return 0;
764 
765 	if (iocb->ki_pos >= size)
766 		return -ENOSPC;
767 
768 	if ((iocb->ki_flags & (IOCB_NOWAIT | IOCB_DIRECT)) == IOCB_NOWAIT)
769 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
770 
771 	if (atomic) {
772 		ret = generic_atomic_write_valid(iocb, from);
773 		if (ret)
774 			return ret;
775 	}
776 
777 	size -= iocb->ki_pos;
778 	if (iov_iter_count(from) > size) {
779 		if (atomic)
780 			return -EINVAL;
781 		shorted = iov_iter_count(from) - size;
782 		iov_iter_truncate(from, size);
783 	}
784 
785 	ret = file_update_time(file);
786 	if (ret)
787 		return ret;
788 
789 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) {
790 		ret = blkdev_direct_write(iocb, from);
791 		if (ret >= 0 && iov_iter_count(from))
792 			ret = direct_write_fallback(iocb, from, ret,
793 					blkdev_buffered_write(iocb, from));
794 	} else {
795 		/*
796 		 * Take i_rwsem and invalidate_lock to avoid racing with
797 		 * set_blocksize changing i_blkbits/folio order and punching
798 		 * out the pagecache.
799 		 */
800 		inode_lock_shared(bd_inode);
801 		ret = blkdev_buffered_write(iocb, from);
802 		inode_unlock_shared(bd_inode);
803 	}
804 
805 	if (ret > 0)
806 		ret = generic_write_sync(iocb, ret);
807 	iov_iter_reexpand(from, iov_iter_count(from) + shorted);
808 	return ret;
809 }
810 
811 static ssize_t blkdev_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
812 {
813 	struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
814 	struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host);
815 	loff_t size = bdev_nr_bytes(bdev);
816 	loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
817 	size_t shorted = 0;
818 	ssize_t ret = 0;
819 	size_t count;
820 
821 	if (unlikely(pos + iov_iter_count(to) > size)) {
822 		if (pos >= size)
823 			return 0;
824 		size -= pos;
825 		shorted = iov_iter_count(to) - size;
826 		iov_iter_truncate(to, size);
827 	}
828 
829 	count = iov_iter_count(to);
830 	if (!count)
831 		goto reexpand; /* skip atime */
832 
833 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) {
834 		ret = kiocb_write_and_wait(iocb, count);
835 		if (ret < 0)
836 			goto reexpand;
837 		file_accessed(iocb->ki_filp);
838 
839 		ret = blkdev_direct_IO(iocb, to);
840 		if (ret > 0) {
841 			iocb->ki_pos += ret;
842 			count -= ret;
843 		}
844 		if (ret != -EIOCBQUEUED)
845 			iov_iter_revert(to, count - iov_iter_count(to));
846 		if (ret < 0 || !count)
847 			goto reexpand;
848 	}
849 
850 	/*
851 	 * Take i_rwsem and invalidate_lock to avoid racing with set_blocksize
852 	 * changing i_blkbits/folio order and punching out the pagecache.
853 	 */
854 	inode_lock_shared(bd_inode);
855 	ret = filemap_read(iocb, to, ret);
856 	inode_unlock_shared(bd_inode);
857 
858 reexpand:
859 	if (unlikely(shorted))
860 		iov_iter_reexpand(to, iov_iter_count(to) + shorted);
861 	return ret;
862 }
863 
864 #define	BLKDEV_FALLOC_FL_SUPPORTED					\
865 		(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE |		\
866 		 FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_WRITE_ZEROES)
867 
868 static long blkdev_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t start,
869 			     loff_t len)
870 {
871 	struct inode *inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
872 	struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
873 	loff_t end = start + len - 1;
874 	loff_t isize;
875 	unsigned int flags;
876 	int error;
877 
878 	/* Fail if we don't recognize the flags. */
879 	if (mode & ~BLKDEV_FALLOC_FL_SUPPORTED)
880 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
881 	/*
882 	 * Don't allow writing zeroes if the device does not enable the
883 	 * unmap write zeroes operation.
884 	 */
885 	if ((mode & FALLOC_FL_WRITE_ZEROES) &&
886 	    !bdev_write_zeroes_unmap_sectors(bdev))
887 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
888 
889 	/* Don't go off the end of the device. */
890 	isize = bdev_nr_bytes(bdev);
891 	if (start >= isize)
892 		return -EINVAL;
893 	if (end >= isize) {
894 		if (mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) {
895 			len = isize - start;
896 			end = start + len - 1;
897 		} else
898 			return -EINVAL;
899 	}
900 
901 	/*
902 	 * Don't allow IO that isn't aligned to logical block size.
903 	 */
904 	if ((start | len) & (bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1))
905 		return -EINVAL;
906 
907 	inode_lock(inode);
908 	filemap_invalidate_lock(inode->i_mapping);
909 
910 	switch (mode) {
911 	case FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE:
912 	case FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE:
913 		flags = BLKDEV_ZERO_NOUNMAP;
914 		break;
915 	case FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE:
916 		flags = BLKDEV_ZERO_NOFALLBACK;
917 		break;
918 	case FALLOC_FL_WRITE_ZEROES:
919 		flags = 0;
920 		break;
921 	default:
922 		error = -EOPNOTSUPP;
923 		goto fail;
924 	}
925 
926 	/*
927 	 * Invalidate the page cache, including dirty pages, for valid
928 	 * de-allocate mode calls to fallocate().
929 	 */
930 	error = truncate_bdev_range(bdev, file_to_blk_mode(file), start, end);
931 	if (error)
932 		goto fail;
933 
934 	error = blkdev_issue_zeroout(bdev, start >> SECTOR_SHIFT,
935 				     len >> SECTOR_SHIFT, GFP_KERNEL, flags);
936  fail:
937 	filemap_invalidate_unlock(inode->i_mapping);
938 	inode_unlock(inode);
939 	return error;
940 }
941 
942 static int blkdev_mmap_prepare(struct vm_area_desc *desc)
943 {
944 	struct file *file = desc->file;
945 
946 	if (bdev_read_only(I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(file))))
947 		return generic_file_readonly_mmap_prepare(desc);
948 
949 	return generic_file_mmap_prepare(desc);
950 }
951 
952 const struct file_operations def_blk_fops = {
953 	.open		= blkdev_open,
954 	.release	= blkdev_release,
955 	.llseek		= blkdev_llseek,
956 	.read_iter	= blkdev_read_iter,
957 	.write_iter	= blkdev_write_iter,
958 	.iopoll		= iocb_bio_iopoll,
959 	.mmap_prepare	= blkdev_mmap_prepare,
960 	.fsync		= blkdev_fsync,
961 	.unlocked_ioctl	= blkdev_ioctl,
962 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
963 	.compat_ioctl	= compat_blkdev_ioctl,
964 #endif
965 	.splice_read	= filemap_splice_read,
966 	.splice_write	= iter_file_splice_write,
967 	.fallocate	= blkdev_fallocate,
968 	.uring_cmd	= blkdev_uring_cmd,
969 	.fop_flags	= FOP_BUFFER_RASYNC,
970 };
971 
972 static __init int blkdev_init(void)
973 {
974 	return bioset_init(&blkdev_dio_pool, 4,
975 				offsetof(struct blkdev_dio, bio),
976 				BIOSET_NEED_BVECS|BIOSET_PERCPU_CACHE);
977 }
978 module_init(blkdev_init);
979