1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 /* 3 * Block rq-qos base io controller 4 * 5 * This works similar to wbt with a few exceptions 6 * 7 * - It's bio based, so the latency covers the whole block layer in addition to 8 * the actual io. 9 * - We will throttle all IO that comes in here if we need to. 10 * - We use the mean latency over the 100ms window. This is because writes can 11 * be particularly fast, which could give us a false sense of the impact of 12 * other workloads on our protected workload. 13 * - By default there's no throttling, we set the queue_depth to UINT_MAX so 14 * that we can have as many outstanding bio's as we're allowed to. Only at 15 * throttle time do we pay attention to the actual queue depth. 16 * 17 * The hierarchy works like the cpu controller does, we track the latency at 18 * every configured node, and each configured node has it's own independent 19 * queue depth. This means that we only care about our latency targets at the 20 * peer level. Some group at the bottom of the hierarchy isn't going to affect 21 * a group at the end of some other path if we're only configred at leaf level. 22 * 23 * Consider the following 24 * 25 * root blkg 26 * / \ 27 * fast (target=5ms) slow (target=10ms) 28 * / \ / \ 29 * a b normal(15ms) unloved 30 * 31 * "a" and "b" have no target, but their combined io under "fast" cannot exceed 32 * an average latency of 5ms. If it does then we will throttle the "slow" 33 * group. In the case of "normal", if it exceeds its 15ms target, we will 34 * throttle "unloved", but nobody else. 35 * 36 * In this example "fast", "slow", and "normal" will be the only groups actually 37 * accounting their io latencies. We have to walk up the heirarchy to the root 38 * on every submit and complete so we can do the appropriate stat recording and 39 * adjust the queue depth of ourselves if needed. 40 * 41 * There are 2 ways we throttle IO. 42 * 43 * 1) Queue depth throttling. As we throttle down we will adjust the maximum 44 * number of IO's we're allowed to have in flight. This starts at (u64)-1 down 45 * to 1. If the group is only ever submitting IO for itself then this is the 46 * only way we throttle. 47 * 48 * 2) Induced delay throttling. This is for the case that a group is generating 49 * IO that has to be issued by the root cg to avoid priority inversion. So think 50 * REQ_META or REQ_SWAP. If we are already at qd == 1 and we're getting a lot 51 * of work done for us on behalf of the root cg and are being asked to scale 52 * down more then we induce a latency at userspace return. We accumulate the 53 * total amount of time we need to be punished by doing 54 * 55 * total_time += min_lat_nsec - actual_io_completion 56 * 57 * and then at throttle time will do 58 * 59 * throttle_time = min(total_time, NSEC_PER_SEC) 60 * 61 * This induced delay will throttle back the activity that is generating the 62 * root cg issued io's, wethere that's some metadata intensive operation or the 63 * group is using so much memory that it is pushing us into swap. 64 * 65 * Copyright (C) 2018 Josef Bacik 66 */ 67 #include <linux/kernel.h> 68 #include <linux/blk_types.h> 69 #include <linux/backing-dev.h> 70 #include <linux/module.h> 71 #include <linux/timer.h> 72 #include <linux/memcontrol.h> 73 #include <linux/sched/loadavg.h> 74 #include <linux/sched/signal.h> 75 #include <trace/events/block.h> 76 #include <linux/blk-mq.h> 77 #include "blk-rq-qos.h" 78 #include "blk-stat.h" 79 #include "blk-cgroup.h" 80 #include "blk.h" 81 82 #define DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE 1000000U 83 84 static struct blkcg_policy blkcg_policy_iolatency; 85 struct iolatency_grp; 86 87 struct blk_iolatency { 88 struct rq_qos rqos; 89 struct timer_list timer; 90 91 /* 92 * ->enabled is the master enable switch gating the throttling logic and 93 * inflight tracking. The number of cgroups which have iolat enabled is 94 * tracked in ->enable_cnt, and ->enable is flipped on/off accordingly 95 * from ->enable_work with the request_queue frozen. For details, See 96 * blkiolatency_enable_work_fn(). 97 */ 98 bool enabled; 99 atomic_t enable_cnt; 100 struct work_struct enable_work; 101 }; 102 103 static inline struct blk_iolatency *BLKIOLATENCY(struct rq_qos *rqos) 104 { 105 return container_of(rqos, struct blk_iolatency, rqos); 106 } 107 108 struct child_latency_info { 109 spinlock_t lock; 110 111 /* Last time we adjusted the scale of everybody. */ 112 u64 last_scale_event; 113 114 /* The latency that we missed. */ 115 u64 scale_lat; 116 117 /* Total io's from all of our children for the last summation. */ 118 u64 nr_samples; 119 120 /* The guy who actually changed the latency numbers. */ 121 struct iolatency_grp *scale_grp; 122 123 /* Cookie to tell if we need to scale up or down. */ 124 atomic_t scale_cookie; 125 }; 126 127 struct percentile_stats { 128 u64 total; 129 u64 missed; 130 }; 131 132 struct latency_stat { 133 union { 134 struct percentile_stats ps; 135 struct blk_rq_stat rqs; 136 }; 137 }; 138 139 struct iolatency_grp { 140 struct blkg_policy_data pd; 141 struct latency_stat __percpu *stats; 142 struct latency_stat cur_stat; 143 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat; 144 unsigned int max_depth; 145 struct rq_wait rq_wait; 146 atomic64_t window_start; 147 atomic_t scale_cookie; 148 u64 min_lat_nsec; 149 u64 cur_win_nsec; 150 151 /* total running average of our io latency. */ 152 u64 lat_avg; 153 154 /* Our current number of IO's for the last summation. */ 155 u64 nr_samples; 156 157 bool ssd; 158 struct child_latency_info child_lat; 159 }; 160 161 #define BLKIOLATENCY_MIN_WIN_SIZE (100 * NSEC_PER_MSEC) 162 #define BLKIOLATENCY_MAX_WIN_SIZE NSEC_PER_SEC 163 /* 164 * These are the constants used to fake the fixed-point moving average 165 * calculation just like load average. The call to calc_load() folds 166 * (FIXED_1 (2048) - exp_factor) * new_sample into lat_avg. The sampling 167 * window size is bucketed to try to approximately calculate average 168 * latency such that 1/exp (decay rate) is [1 min, 2.5 min) when windows 169 * elapse immediately. Note, windows only elapse with IO activity. Idle 170 * periods extend the most recent window. 171 */ 172 #define BLKIOLATENCY_NR_EXP_FACTORS 5 173 #define BLKIOLATENCY_EXP_BUCKET_SIZE (BLKIOLATENCY_MAX_WIN_SIZE / \ 174 (BLKIOLATENCY_NR_EXP_FACTORS - 1)) 175 static const u64 iolatency_exp_factors[BLKIOLATENCY_NR_EXP_FACTORS] = { 176 2045, // exp(1/600) - 600 samples 177 2039, // exp(1/240) - 240 samples 178 2031, // exp(1/120) - 120 samples 179 2023, // exp(1/80) - 80 samples 180 2014, // exp(1/60) - 60 samples 181 }; 182 183 static inline struct iolatency_grp *pd_to_lat(struct blkg_policy_data *pd) 184 { 185 return pd ? container_of(pd, struct iolatency_grp, pd) : NULL; 186 } 187 188 static inline struct iolatency_grp *blkg_to_lat(struct blkcg_gq *blkg) 189 { 190 return pd_to_lat(blkg_to_pd(blkg, &blkcg_policy_iolatency)); 191 } 192 193 static inline struct blkcg_gq *lat_to_blkg(struct iolatency_grp *iolat) 194 { 195 return pd_to_blkg(&iolat->pd); 196 } 197 198 static inline void latency_stat_init(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 199 struct latency_stat *stat) 200 { 201 if (iolat->ssd) { 202 stat->ps.total = 0; 203 stat->ps.missed = 0; 204 } else 205 blk_rq_stat_init(&stat->rqs); 206 } 207 208 static inline void latency_stat_sum(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 209 struct latency_stat *sum, 210 struct latency_stat *stat) 211 { 212 if (iolat->ssd) { 213 sum->ps.total += stat->ps.total; 214 sum->ps.missed += stat->ps.missed; 215 } else 216 blk_rq_stat_sum(&sum->rqs, &stat->rqs); 217 } 218 219 static inline void latency_stat_record_time(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 220 u64 req_time) 221 { 222 struct latency_stat *stat = get_cpu_ptr(iolat->stats); 223 if (iolat->ssd) { 224 if (req_time >= iolat->min_lat_nsec) 225 stat->ps.missed++; 226 stat->ps.total++; 227 } else 228 blk_rq_stat_add(&stat->rqs, req_time); 229 put_cpu_ptr(stat); 230 } 231 232 static inline bool latency_sum_ok(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 233 struct latency_stat *stat) 234 { 235 if (iolat->ssd) { 236 u64 thresh = div64_u64(stat->ps.total, 10); 237 thresh = max(thresh, 1ULL); 238 return stat->ps.missed < thresh; 239 } 240 return stat->rqs.mean <= iolat->min_lat_nsec; 241 } 242 243 static inline u64 latency_stat_samples(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 244 struct latency_stat *stat) 245 { 246 if (iolat->ssd) 247 return stat->ps.total; 248 return stat->rqs.nr_samples; 249 } 250 251 static inline void iolat_update_total_lat_avg(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 252 struct latency_stat *stat) 253 { 254 int exp_idx; 255 256 if (iolat->ssd) 257 return; 258 259 /* 260 * calc_load() takes in a number stored in fixed point representation. 261 * Because we are using this for IO time in ns, the values stored 262 * are significantly larger than the FIXED_1 denominator (2048). 263 * Therefore, rounding errors in the calculation are negligible and 264 * can be ignored. 265 */ 266 exp_idx = min_t(int, BLKIOLATENCY_NR_EXP_FACTORS - 1, 267 div64_u64(iolat->cur_win_nsec, 268 BLKIOLATENCY_EXP_BUCKET_SIZE)); 269 iolat->lat_avg = calc_load(iolat->lat_avg, 270 iolatency_exp_factors[exp_idx], 271 stat->rqs.mean); 272 } 273 274 static void iolat_cleanup_cb(struct rq_wait *rqw, void *private_data) 275 { 276 atomic_dec(&rqw->inflight); 277 wake_up(&rqw->wait); 278 } 279 280 static bool iolat_acquire_inflight(struct rq_wait *rqw, void *private_data) 281 { 282 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = private_data; 283 return rq_wait_inc_below(rqw, iolat->max_depth); 284 } 285 286 static void __blkcg_iolatency_throttle(struct rq_qos *rqos, 287 struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 288 bool issue_as_root, 289 bool use_memdelay) 290 { 291 struct rq_wait *rqw = &iolat->rq_wait; 292 unsigned use_delay = atomic_read(&lat_to_blkg(iolat)->use_delay); 293 294 if (use_delay) 295 blkcg_schedule_throttle(rqos->disk, use_memdelay); 296 297 /* 298 * To avoid priority inversions we want to just take a slot if we are 299 * issuing as root. If we're being killed off there's no point in 300 * delaying things, we may have been killed by OOM so throttling may 301 * make recovery take even longer, so just let the IO's through so the 302 * task can go away. 303 */ 304 if (issue_as_root || fatal_signal_pending(current)) { 305 atomic_inc(&rqw->inflight); 306 return; 307 } 308 309 rq_qos_wait(rqw, iolat, iolat_acquire_inflight, iolat_cleanup_cb); 310 } 311 312 #define SCALE_DOWN_FACTOR 2 313 #define SCALE_UP_FACTOR 4 314 315 static inline unsigned long scale_amount(unsigned long qd, bool up) 316 { 317 return max(up ? qd >> SCALE_UP_FACTOR : qd >> SCALE_DOWN_FACTOR, 1UL); 318 } 319 320 /* 321 * We scale the qd down faster than we scale up, so we need to use this helper 322 * to adjust the scale_cookie accordingly so we don't prematurely get 323 * scale_cookie at DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE and unthrottle too much. 324 * 325 * Each group has their own local copy of the last scale cookie they saw, so if 326 * the global scale cookie goes up or down they know which way they need to go 327 * based on their last knowledge of it. 328 */ 329 static void scale_cookie_change(struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat, 330 struct child_latency_info *lat_info, 331 bool up) 332 { 333 unsigned long qd = blkiolat->rqos.disk->queue->nr_requests; 334 unsigned long scale = scale_amount(qd, up); 335 unsigned long old = atomic_read(&lat_info->scale_cookie); 336 unsigned long max_scale = qd << 1; 337 unsigned long diff = 0; 338 339 if (old < DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE) 340 diff = DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE - old; 341 342 if (up) { 343 if (scale + old > DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE) 344 atomic_set(&lat_info->scale_cookie, 345 DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE); 346 else if (diff > qd) 347 atomic_inc(&lat_info->scale_cookie); 348 else 349 atomic_add(scale, &lat_info->scale_cookie); 350 } else { 351 /* 352 * We don't want to dig a hole so deep that it takes us hours to 353 * dig out of it. Just enough that we don't throttle/unthrottle 354 * with jagged workloads but can still unthrottle once pressure 355 * has sufficiently dissipated. 356 */ 357 if (diff > qd) { 358 if (diff < max_scale) 359 atomic_dec(&lat_info->scale_cookie); 360 } else { 361 atomic_sub(scale, &lat_info->scale_cookie); 362 } 363 } 364 } 365 366 /* 367 * Change the queue depth of the iolatency_grp. We add 1/16th of the 368 * queue depth at a time so we don't get wild swings and hopefully dial in to 369 * fairer distribution of the overall queue depth. We halve the queue depth 370 * at a time so we can scale down queue depth quickly from default unlimited 371 * to target. 372 */ 373 static void scale_change(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, bool up) 374 { 375 unsigned long qd = iolat->blkiolat->rqos.disk->queue->nr_requests; 376 unsigned long scale = scale_amount(qd, up); 377 unsigned long old = iolat->max_depth; 378 379 if (old > qd) 380 old = qd; 381 382 if (up) { 383 if (old == 1 && blkcg_unuse_delay(lat_to_blkg(iolat))) 384 return; 385 386 if (old < qd) { 387 old += scale; 388 old = min(old, qd); 389 iolat->max_depth = old; 390 wake_up_all(&iolat->rq_wait.wait); 391 } 392 } else { 393 old >>= 1; 394 iolat->max_depth = max(old, 1UL); 395 } 396 } 397 398 /* Check our parent and see if the scale cookie has changed. */ 399 static void check_scale_change(struct iolatency_grp *iolat) 400 { 401 struct iolatency_grp *parent; 402 struct child_latency_info *lat_info; 403 unsigned int cur_cookie; 404 unsigned int our_cookie = atomic_read(&iolat->scale_cookie); 405 u64 scale_lat; 406 int direction = 0; 407 408 parent = blkg_to_lat(lat_to_blkg(iolat)->parent); 409 if (!parent) 410 return; 411 412 lat_info = &parent->child_lat; 413 cur_cookie = atomic_read(&lat_info->scale_cookie); 414 scale_lat = READ_ONCE(lat_info->scale_lat); 415 416 if (cur_cookie < our_cookie) 417 direction = -1; 418 else if (cur_cookie > our_cookie) 419 direction = 1; 420 else 421 return; 422 423 if (!atomic_try_cmpxchg(&iolat->scale_cookie, &our_cookie, cur_cookie)) { 424 /* Somebody beat us to the punch, just bail. */ 425 return; 426 } 427 428 if (direction < 0 && iolat->min_lat_nsec) { 429 u64 samples_thresh; 430 431 if (!scale_lat || iolat->min_lat_nsec <= scale_lat) 432 return; 433 434 /* 435 * Sometimes high priority groups are their own worst enemy, so 436 * instead of taking it out on some poor other group that did 5% 437 * or less of the IO's for the last summation just skip this 438 * scale down event. 439 */ 440 samples_thresh = lat_info->nr_samples * 5; 441 samples_thresh = max(1ULL, div64_u64(samples_thresh, 100)); 442 if (iolat->nr_samples <= samples_thresh) 443 return; 444 } 445 446 /* We're as low as we can go. */ 447 if (iolat->max_depth == 1 && direction < 0) { 448 blkcg_use_delay(lat_to_blkg(iolat)); 449 return; 450 } 451 452 /* We're back to the default cookie, unthrottle all the things. */ 453 if (cur_cookie == DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE) { 454 blkcg_clear_delay(lat_to_blkg(iolat)); 455 iolat->max_depth = UINT_MAX; 456 wake_up_all(&iolat->rq_wait.wait); 457 return; 458 } 459 460 scale_change(iolat, direction > 0); 461 } 462 463 static void blkcg_iolatency_throttle(struct rq_qos *rqos, struct bio *bio) 464 { 465 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat = BLKIOLATENCY(rqos); 466 struct blkcg_gq *blkg = bio->bi_blkg; 467 bool issue_as_root = bio_issue_as_root_blkg(bio); 468 469 if (!blkiolat->enabled) 470 return; 471 472 while (blkg && blkg->parent) { 473 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = blkg_to_lat(blkg); 474 if (!iolat) { 475 blkg = blkg->parent; 476 continue; 477 } 478 479 check_scale_change(iolat); 480 __blkcg_iolatency_throttle(rqos, iolat, issue_as_root, 481 (bio->bi_opf & REQ_SWAP) == REQ_SWAP); 482 blkg = blkg->parent; 483 } 484 if (!timer_pending(&blkiolat->timer)) 485 mod_timer(&blkiolat->timer, jiffies + HZ); 486 } 487 488 static void iolatency_record_time(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, 489 struct bio_issue *issue, u64 now, 490 bool issue_as_root) 491 { 492 u64 start = bio_issue_time(issue); 493 u64 req_time; 494 495 /* 496 * Have to do this so we are truncated to the correct time that our 497 * issue is truncated to. 498 */ 499 now = __bio_issue_time(now); 500 501 if (now <= start) 502 return; 503 504 req_time = now - start; 505 506 /* 507 * We don't want to count issue_as_root bio's in the cgroups latency 508 * statistics as it could skew the numbers downwards. 509 */ 510 if (unlikely(issue_as_root && iolat->max_depth != UINT_MAX)) { 511 u64 sub = iolat->min_lat_nsec; 512 if (req_time < sub) 513 blkcg_add_delay(lat_to_blkg(iolat), now, sub - req_time); 514 return; 515 } 516 517 latency_stat_record_time(iolat, req_time); 518 } 519 520 #define BLKIOLATENCY_MIN_ADJUST_TIME (500 * NSEC_PER_MSEC) 521 #define BLKIOLATENCY_MIN_GOOD_SAMPLES 5 522 523 static void iolatency_check_latencies(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, u64 now) 524 { 525 struct blkcg_gq *blkg = lat_to_blkg(iolat); 526 struct iolatency_grp *parent; 527 struct child_latency_info *lat_info; 528 struct latency_stat stat; 529 unsigned long flags; 530 int cpu; 531 532 latency_stat_init(iolat, &stat); 533 preempt_disable(); 534 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { 535 struct latency_stat *s; 536 s = per_cpu_ptr(iolat->stats, cpu); 537 latency_stat_sum(iolat, &stat, s); 538 latency_stat_init(iolat, s); 539 } 540 preempt_enable(); 541 542 parent = blkg_to_lat(blkg->parent); 543 if (!parent) 544 return; 545 546 lat_info = &parent->child_lat; 547 548 iolat_update_total_lat_avg(iolat, &stat); 549 550 /* Everything is ok and we don't need to adjust the scale. */ 551 if (latency_sum_ok(iolat, &stat) && 552 atomic_read(&lat_info->scale_cookie) == DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE) 553 return; 554 555 /* Somebody beat us to the punch, just bail. */ 556 spin_lock_irqsave(&lat_info->lock, flags); 557 558 latency_stat_sum(iolat, &iolat->cur_stat, &stat); 559 lat_info->nr_samples -= iolat->nr_samples; 560 lat_info->nr_samples += latency_stat_samples(iolat, &iolat->cur_stat); 561 iolat->nr_samples = latency_stat_samples(iolat, &iolat->cur_stat); 562 563 if ((lat_info->last_scale_event >= now || 564 now - lat_info->last_scale_event < BLKIOLATENCY_MIN_ADJUST_TIME)) 565 goto out; 566 567 if (latency_sum_ok(iolat, &iolat->cur_stat) && 568 latency_sum_ok(iolat, &stat)) { 569 if (latency_stat_samples(iolat, &iolat->cur_stat) < 570 BLKIOLATENCY_MIN_GOOD_SAMPLES) 571 goto out; 572 if (lat_info->scale_grp == iolat) { 573 lat_info->last_scale_event = now; 574 scale_cookie_change(iolat->blkiolat, lat_info, true); 575 } 576 } else if (lat_info->scale_lat == 0 || 577 lat_info->scale_lat >= iolat->min_lat_nsec) { 578 lat_info->last_scale_event = now; 579 if (!lat_info->scale_grp || 580 lat_info->scale_lat > iolat->min_lat_nsec) { 581 WRITE_ONCE(lat_info->scale_lat, iolat->min_lat_nsec); 582 lat_info->scale_grp = iolat; 583 } 584 scale_cookie_change(iolat->blkiolat, lat_info, false); 585 } 586 latency_stat_init(iolat, &iolat->cur_stat); 587 out: 588 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&lat_info->lock, flags); 589 } 590 591 static void blkcg_iolatency_done_bio(struct rq_qos *rqos, struct bio *bio) 592 { 593 struct blkcg_gq *blkg; 594 struct rq_wait *rqw; 595 struct iolatency_grp *iolat; 596 u64 window_start; 597 u64 now; 598 bool issue_as_root = bio_issue_as_root_blkg(bio); 599 int inflight = 0; 600 601 blkg = bio->bi_blkg; 602 if (!blkg || !bio_flagged(bio, BIO_QOS_THROTTLED)) 603 return; 604 605 iolat = blkg_to_lat(bio->bi_blkg); 606 if (!iolat) 607 return; 608 609 if (!iolat->blkiolat->enabled) 610 return; 611 612 now = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get()); 613 while (blkg && blkg->parent) { 614 iolat = blkg_to_lat(blkg); 615 if (!iolat) { 616 blkg = blkg->parent; 617 continue; 618 } 619 rqw = &iolat->rq_wait; 620 621 inflight = atomic_dec_return(&rqw->inflight); 622 WARN_ON_ONCE(inflight < 0); 623 /* 624 * If bi_status is BLK_STS_AGAIN, the bio wasn't actually 625 * submitted, so do not account for it. 626 */ 627 if (iolat->min_lat_nsec && bio->bi_status != BLK_STS_AGAIN) { 628 iolatency_record_time(iolat, &bio->bi_issue, now, 629 issue_as_root); 630 window_start = atomic64_read(&iolat->window_start); 631 if (now > window_start && 632 (now - window_start) >= iolat->cur_win_nsec) { 633 if (atomic64_try_cmpxchg(&iolat->window_start, 634 &window_start, now)) 635 iolatency_check_latencies(iolat, now); 636 } 637 } 638 wake_up(&rqw->wait); 639 blkg = blkg->parent; 640 } 641 } 642 643 static void blkcg_iolatency_exit(struct rq_qos *rqos) 644 { 645 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat = BLKIOLATENCY(rqos); 646 647 timer_shutdown_sync(&blkiolat->timer); 648 flush_work(&blkiolat->enable_work); 649 blkcg_deactivate_policy(rqos->disk, &blkcg_policy_iolatency); 650 kfree(blkiolat); 651 } 652 653 static const struct rq_qos_ops blkcg_iolatency_ops = { 654 .throttle = blkcg_iolatency_throttle, 655 .done_bio = blkcg_iolatency_done_bio, 656 .exit = blkcg_iolatency_exit, 657 }; 658 659 static void blkiolatency_timer_fn(struct timer_list *t) 660 { 661 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat = from_timer(blkiolat, t, timer); 662 struct blkcg_gq *blkg; 663 struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos_css; 664 u64 now = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get()); 665 666 rcu_read_lock(); 667 blkg_for_each_descendant_pre(blkg, pos_css, 668 blkiolat->rqos.disk->queue->root_blkg) { 669 struct iolatency_grp *iolat; 670 struct child_latency_info *lat_info; 671 unsigned long flags; 672 u64 cookie; 673 674 /* 675 * We could be exiting, don't access the pd unless we have a 676 * ref on the blkg. 677 */ 678 if (!blkg_tryget(blkg)) 679 continue; 680 681 iolat = blkg_to_lat(blkg); 682 if (!iolat) 683 goto next; 684 685 lat_info = &iolat->child_lat; 686 cookie = atomic_read(&lat_info->scale_cookie); 687 688 if (cookie >= DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE) 689 goto next; 690 691 spin_lock_irqsave(&lat_info->lock, flags); 692 if (lat_info->last_scale_event >= now) 693 goto next_lock; 694 695 /* 696 * We scaled down but don't have a scale_grp, scale up and carry 697 * on. 698 */ 699 if (lat_info->scale_grp == NULL) { 700 scale_cookie_change(iolat->blkiolat, lat_info, true); 701 goto next_lock; 702 } 703 704 /* 705 * It's been 5 seconds since our last scale event, clear the 706 * scale grp in case the group that needed the scale down isn't 707 * doing any IO currently. 708 */ 709 if (now - lat_info->last_scale_event >= 710 ((u64)NSEC_PER_SEC * 5)) 711 lat_info->scale_grp = NULL; 712 next_lock: 713 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&lat_info->lock, flags); 714 next: 715 blkg_put(blkg); 716 } 717 rcu_read_unlock(); 718 } 719 720 /** 721 * blkiolatency_enable_work_fn - Enable or disable iolatency on the device 722 * @work: enable_work of the blk_iolatency of interest 723 * 724 * iolatency needs to keep track of the number of in-flight IOs per cgroup. This 725 * is relatively expensive as it involves walking up the hierarchy twice for 726 * every IO. Thus, if iolatency is not enabled in any cgroup for the device, we 727 * want to disable the in-flight tracking. 728 * 729 * We have to make sure that the counting is balanced - we don't want to leak 730 * the in-flight counts by disabling accounting in the completion path while IOs 731 * are in flight. This is achieved by ensuring that no IO is in flight by 732 * freezing the queue while flipping ->enabled. As this requires a sleepable 733 * context, ->enabled flipping is punted to this work function. 734 */ 735 static void blkiolatency_enable_work_fn(struct work_struct *work) 736 { 737 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat = container_of(work, struct blk_iolatency, 738 enable_work); 739 bool enabled; 740 741 /* 742 * There can only be one instance of this function running for @blkiolat 743 * and it's guaranteed to be executed at least once after the latest 744 * ->enabled_cnt modification. Acting on the latest ->enable_cnt is 745 * sufficient. 746 * 747 * Also, we know @blkiolat is safe to access as ->enable_work is flushed 748 * in blkcg_iolatency_exit(). 749 */ 750 enabled = atomic_read(&blkiolat->enable_cnt); 751 if (enabled != blkiolat->enabled) { 752 blk_mq_freeze_queue(blkiolat->rqos.disk->queue); 753 blkiolat->enabled = enabled; 754 blk_mq_unfreeze_queue(blkiolat->rqos.disk->queue); 755 } 756 } 757 758 static int blk_iolatency_init(struct gendisk *disk) 759 { 760 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat; 761 int ret; 762 763 blkiolat = kzalloc(sizeof(*blkiolat), GFP_KERNEL); 764 if (!blkiolat) 765 return -ENOMEM; 766 767 ret = rq_qos_add(&blkiolat->rqos, disk, RQ_QOS_LATENCY, 768 &blkcg_iolatency_ops); 769 if (ret) 770 goto err_free; 771 ret = blkcg_activate_policy(disk, &blkcg_policy_iolatency); 772 if (ret) 773 goto err_qos_del; 774 775 timer_setup(&blkiolat->timer, blkiolatency_timer_fn, 0); 776 INIT_WORK(&blkiolat->enable_work, blkiolatency_enable_work_fn); 777 778 return 0; 779 780 err_qos_del: 781 rq_qos_del(&blkiolat->rqos); 782 err_free: 783 kfree(blkiolat); 784 return ret; 785 } 786 787 static void iolatency_set_min_lat_nsec(struct blkcg_gq *blkg, u64 val) 788 { 789 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = blkg_to_lat(blkg); 790 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat = iolat->blkiolat; 791 u64 oldval = iolat->min_lat_nsec; 792 793 iolat->min_lat_nsec = val; 794 iolat->cur_win_nsec = max_t(u64, val << 4, BLKIOLATENCY_MIN_WIN_SIZE); 795 iolat->cur_win_nsec = min_t(u64, iolat->cur_win_nsec, 796 BLKIOLATENCY_MAX_WIN_SIZE); 797 798 if (!oldval && val) { 799 if (atomic_inc_return(&blkiolat->enable_cnt) == 1) 800 schedule_work(&blkiolat->enable_work); 801 } 802 if (oldval && !val) { 803 blkcg_clear_delay(blkg); 804 if (atomic_dec_return(&blkiolat->enable_cnt) == 0) 805 schedule_work(&blkiolat->enable_work); 806 } 807 } 808 809 static void iolatency_clear_scaling(struct blkcg_gq *blkg) 810 { 811 if (blkg->parent) { 812 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = blkg_to_lat(blkg->parent); 813 struct child_latency_info *lat_info; 814 if (!iolat) 815 return; 816 817 lat_info = &iolat->child_lat; 818 spin_lock(&lat_info->lock); 819 atomic_set(&lat_info->scale_cookie, DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE); 820 lat_info->last_scale_event = 0; 821 lat_info->scale_grp = NULL; 822 lat_info->scale_lat = 0; 823 spin_unlock(&lat_info->lock); 824 } 825 } 826 827 static int blk_iolatency_try_init(struct blkg_conf_ctx *ctx) 828 { 829 static DEFINE_MUTEX(init_mutex); 830 int ret; 831 832 ret = blkg_conf_open_bdev(ctx); 833 if (ret) 834 return ret; 835 836 /* 837 * blk_iolatency_init() may fail after rq_qos_add() succeeds which can 838 * confuse iolat_rq_qos() test. Make the test and init atomic. 839 */ 840 mutex_lock(&init_mutex); 841 842 if (!iolat_rq_qos(ctx->bdev->bd_queue)) 843 ret = blk_iolatency_init(ctx->bdev->bd_disk); 844 845 mutex_unlock(&init_mutex); 846 847 return ret; 848 } 849 850 static ssize_t iolatency_set_limit(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *buf, 851 size_t nbytes, loff_t off) 852 { 853 struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(of_css(of)); 854 struct blkcg_gq *blkg; 855 struct blkg_conf_ctx ctx; 856 struct iolatency_grp *iolat; 857 char *p, *tok; 858 u64 lat_val = 0; 859 u64 oldval; 860 int ret; 861 862 blkg_conf_init(&ctx, buf); 863 864 ret = blk_iolatency_try_init(&ctx); 865 if (ret) 866 goto out; 867 868 ret = blkg_conf_prep(blkcg, &blkcg_policy_iolatency, &ctx); 869 if (ret) 870 goto out; 871 872 iolat = blkg_to_lat(ctx.blkg); 873 p = ctx.body; 874 875 ret = -EINVAL; 876 while ((tok = strsep(&p, " "))) { 877 char key[16]; 878 char val[21]; /* 18446744073709551616 */ 879 880 if (sscanf(tok, "%15[^=]=%20s", key, val) != 2) 881 goto out; 882 883 if (!strcmp(key, "target")) { 884 u64 v; 885 886 if (!strcmp(val, "max")) 887 lat_val = 0; 888 else if (sscanf(val, "%llu", &v) == 1) 889 lat_val = v * NSEC_PER_USEC; 890 else 891 goto out; 892 } else { 893 goto out; 894 } 895 } 896 897 /* Walk up the tree to see if our new val is lower than it should be. */ 898 blkg = ctx.blkg; 899 oldval = iolat->min_lat_nsec; 900 901 iolatency_set_min_lat_nsec(blkg, lat_val); 902 if (oldval != iolat->min_lat_nsec) 903 iolatency_clear_scaling(blkg); 904 ret = 0; 905 out: 906 blkg_conf_exit(&ctx); 907 return ret ?: nbytes; 908 } 909 910 static u64 iolatency_prfill_limit(struct seq_file *sf, 911 struct blkg_policy_data *pd, int off) 912 { 913 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = pd_to_lat(pd); 914 const char *dname = blkg_dev_name(pd->blkg); 915 916 if (!dname || !iolat->min_lat_nsec) 917 return 0; 918 seq_printf(sf, "%s target=%llu\n", 919 dname, div_u64(iolat->min_lat_nsec, NSEC_PER_USEC)); 920 return 0; 921 } 922 923 static int iolatency_print_limit(struct seq_file *sf, void *v) 924 { 925 blkcg_print_blkgs(sf, css_to_blkcg(seq_css(sf)), 926 iolatency_prfill_limit, 927 &blkcg_policy_iolatency, seq_cft(sf)->private, false); 928 return 0; 929 } 930 931 static void iolatency_ssd_stat(struct iolatency_grp *iolat, struct seq_file *s) 932 { 933 struct latency_stat stat; 934 int cpu; 935 936 latency_stat_init(iolat, &stat); 937 preempt_disable(); 938 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { 939 struct latency_stat *s; 940 s = per_cpu_ptr(iolat->stats, cpu); 941 latency_stat_sum(iolat, &stat, s); 942 } 943 preempt_enable(); 944 945 if (iolat->max_depth == UINT_MAX) 946 seq_printf(s, " missed=%llu total=%llu depth=max", 947 (unsigned long long)stat.ps.missed, 948 (unsigned long long)stat.ps.total); 949 else 950 seq_printf(s, " missed=%llu total=%llu depth=%u", 951 (unsigned long long)stat.ps.missed, 952 (unsigned long long)stat.ps.total, 953 iolat->max_depth); 954 } 955 956 static void iolatency_pd_stat(struct blkg_policy_data *pd, struct seq_file *s) 957 { 958 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = pd_to_lat(pd); 959 unsigned long long avg_lat; 960 unsigned long long cur_win; 961 962 if (!blkcg_debug_stats) 963 return; 964 965 if (iolat->ssd) 966 return iolatency_ssd_stat(iolat, s); 967 968 avg_lat = div64_u64(iolat->lat_avg, NSEC_PER_USEC); 969 cur_win = div64_u64(iolat->cur_win_nsec, NSEC_PER_MSEC); 970 if (iolat->max_depth == UINT_MAX) 971 seq_printf(s, " depth=max avg_lat=%llu win=%llu", 972 avg_lat, cur_win); 973 else 974 seq_printf(s, " depth=%u avg_lat=%llu win=%llu", 975 iolat->max_depth, avg_lat, cur_win); 976 } 977 978 static struct blkg_policy_data *iolatency_pd_alloc(struct gendisk *disk, 979 struct blkcg *blkcg, gfp_t gfp) 980 { 981 struct iolatency_grp *iolat; 982 983 iolat = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*iolat), gfp, disk->node_id); 984 if (!iolat) 985 return NULL; 986 iolat->stats = __alloc_percpu_gfp(sizeof(struct latency_stat), 987 __alignof__(struct latency_stat), gfp); 988 if (!iolat->stats) { 989 kfree(iolat); 990 return NULL; 991 } 992 return &iolat->pd; 993 } 994 995 static void iolatency_pd_init(struct blkg_policy_data *pd) 996 { 997 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = pd_to_lat(pd); 998 struct blkcg_gq *blkg = lat_to_blkg(iolat); 999 struct rq_qos *rqos = iolat_rq_qos(blkg->q); 1000 struct blk_iolatency *blkiolat = BLKIOLATENCY(rqos); 1001 u64 now = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get()); 1002 int cpu; 1003 1004 if (blk_queue_nonrot(blkg->q)) 1005 iolat->ssd = true; 1006 else 1007 iolat->ssd = false; 1008 1009 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { 1010 struct latency_stat *stat; 1011 stat = per_cpu_ptr(iolat->stats, cpu); 1012 latency_stat_init(iolat, stat); 1013 } 1014 1015 latency_stat_init(iolat, &iolat->cur_stat); 1016 rq_wait_init(&iolat->rq_wait); 1017 spin_lock_init(&iolat->child_lat.lock); 1018 iolat->max_depth = UINT_MAX; 1019 iolat->blkiolat = blkiolat; 1020 iolat->cur_win_nsec = 100 * NSEC_PER_MSEC; 1021 atomic64_set(&iolat->window_start, now); 1022 1023 /* 1024 * We init things in list order, so the pd for the parent may not be 1025 * init'ed yet for whatever reason. 1026 */ 1027 if (blkg->parent && blkg_to_pd(blkg->parent, &blkcg_policy_iolatency)) { 1028 struct iolatency_grp *parent = blkg_to_lat(blkg->parent); 1029 atomic_set(&iolat->scale_cookie, 1030 atomic_read(&parent->child_lat.scale_cookie)); 1031 } else { 1032 atomic_set(&iolat->scale_cookie, DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE); 1033 } 1034 1035 atomic_set(&iolat->child_lat.scale_cookie, DEFAULT_SCALE_COOKIE); 1036 } 1037 1038 static void iolatency_pd_offline(struct blkg_policy_data *pd) 1039 { 1040 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = pd_to_lat(pd); 1041 struct blkcg_gq *blkg = lat_to_blkg(iolat); 1042 1043 iolatency_set_min_lat_nsec(blkg, 0); 1044 iolatency_clear_scaling(blkg); 1045 } 1046 1047 static void iolatency_pd_free(struct blkg_policy_data *pd) 1048 { 1049 struct iolatency_grp *iolat = pd_to_lat(pd); 1050 free_percpu(iolat->stats); 1051 kfree(iolat); 1052 } 1053 1054 static struct cftype iolatency_files[] = { 1055 { 1056 .name = "latency", 1057 .flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT, 1058 .seq_show = iolatency_print_limit, 1059 .write = iolatency_set_limit, 1060 }, 1061 {} 1062 }; 1063 1064 static struct blkcg_policy blkcg_policy_iolatency = { 1065 .dfl_cftypes = iolatency_files, 1066 .pd_alloc_fn = iolatency_pd_alloc, 1067 .pd_init_fn = iolatency_pd_init, 1068 .pd_offline_fn = iolatency_pd_offline, 1069 .pd_free_fn = iolatency_pd_free, 1070 .pd_stat_fn = iolatency_pd_stat, 1071 }; 1072 1073 static int __init iolatency_init(void) 1074 { 1075 return blkcg_policy_register(&blkcg_policy_iolatency); 1076 } 1077 1078 static void __exit iolatency_exit(void) 1079 { 1080 blkcg_policy_unregister(&blkcg_policy_iolatency); 1081 } 1082 1083 module_init(iolatency_init); 1084 module_exit(iolatency_exit); 1085