xref: /linux/arch/x86/mm/init_32.c (revision 1ec0b899c2b776c0c2dd03044b171a52b5211570)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
5  *
6  *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
7  */
8 
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
17 #include <linux/mm.h>
18 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
19 #include <linux/swap.h>
20 #include <linux/smp.h>
21 #include <linux/init.h>
22 #include <linux/highmem.h>
23 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
24 #include <linux/pci.h>
25 #include <linux/pfn.h>
26 #include <linux/poison.h>
27 #include <linux/memblock.h>
28 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
29 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
30 #include <linux/initrd.h>
31 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
32 #include <linux/gfp.h>
33 
34 #include <asm/asm.h>
35 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
36 #include <asm/processor.h>
37 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
38 #include <asm/dma.h>
39 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
40 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
41 #include <asm/apic.h>
42 #include <asm/bugs.h>
43 #include <asm/tlb.h>
44 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
45 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
46 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
47 #include <asm/sections.h>
48 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
49 #include <asm/setup.h>
50 #include <asm/set_memory.h>
51 #include <asm/page_types.h>
52 #include <asm/cpu_entry_area.h>
53 #include <asm/init.h>
54 #include <asm/pgtable_areas.h>
55 #include <asm/numa.h>
56 
57 #include "mm_internal.h"
58 
59 unsigned long highstart_pfn, highend_pfn;
60 
61 bool __read_mostly __vmalloc_start_set = false;
62 
63 /*
64  * Creates a middle page table and puts a pointer to it in the
65  * given global directory entry. This only returns the gd entry
66  * in non-PAE compilation mode, since the middle layer is folded.
67  */
68 static pmd_t * __init one_md_table_init(pgd_t *pgd)
69 {
70 	p4d_t *p4d;
71 	pud_t *pud;
72 	pmd_t *pmd_table;
73 
74 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
75 	if (!(pgd_val(*pgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
76 		pmd_table = (pmd_t *)alloc_low_page();
77 		paravirt_alloc_pmd(&init_mm, __pa(pmd_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
78 		set_pgd(pgd, __pgd(__pa(pmd_table) | _PAGE_PRESENT));
79 		p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, 0);
80 		pud = pud_offset(p4d, 0);
81 		BUG_ON(pmd_table != pmd_offset(pud, 0));
82 
83 		return pmd_table;
84 	}
85 #endif
86 	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, 0);
87 	pud = pud_offset(p4d, 0);
88 	pmd_table = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
89 
90 	return pmd_table;
91 }
92 
93 /*
94  * Create a page table and place a pointer to it in a middle page
95  * directory entry:
96  */
97 static pte_t * __init one_page_table_init(pmd_t *pmd)
98 {
99 	if (!(pmd_val(*pmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
100 		pte_t *page_table = (pte_t *)alloc_low_page();
101 
102 		paravirt_alloc_pte(&init_mm, __pa(page_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
103 		set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(page_table) | _PAGE_TABLE));
104 		BUG_ON(page_table != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0));
105 	}
106 
107 	return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0);
108 }
109 
110 pmd_t * __init populate_extra_pmd(unsigned long vaddr)
111 {
112 	int pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
113 	int pmd_idx = pmd_index(vaddr);
114 
115 	return one_md_table_init(swapper_pg_dir + pgd_idx) + pmd_idx;
116 }
117 
118 pte_t * __init populate_extra_pte(unsigned long vaddr)
119 {
120 	int pte_idx = pte_index(vaddr);
121 	pmd_t *pmd;
122 
123 	pmd = populate_extra_pmd(vaddr);
124 	return one_page_table_init(pmd) + pte_idx;
125 }
126 
127 static unsigned long __init
128 page_table_range_init_count(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
129 {
130 	unsigned long count = 0;
131 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
132 	int pmd_idx_kmap_begin = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_END) >> PMD_SHIFT;
133 	int pmd_idx_kmap_end = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN) >> PMD_SHIFT;
134 	int pgd_idx, pmd_idx;
135 	unsigned long vaddr;
136 
137 	if (pmd_idx_kmap_begin == pmd_idx_kmap_end)
138 		return 0;
139 
140 	vaddr = start;
141 	pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
142 	pmd_idx = pmd_index(vaddr);
143 
144 	for ( ; (pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD) && (vaddr != end); pgd_idx++) {
145 		for (; (pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD) && (vaddr != end);
146 							pmd_idx++) {
147 			if ((vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) >= pmd_idx_kmap_begin &&
148 			    (vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) <= pmd_idx_kmap_end)
149 				count++;
150 			vaddr += PMD_SIZE;
151 		}
152 		pmd_idx = 0;
153 	}
154 #endif
155 	return count;
156 }
157 
158 static pte_t *__init page_table_kmap_check(pte_t *pte, pmd_t *pmd,
159 					   unsigned long vaddr, pte_t *lastpte,
160 					   void **adr)
161 {
162 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
163 	/*
164 	 * Something (early fixmap) may already have put a pte
165 	 * page here, which causes the page table allocation
166 	 * to become nonlinear. Attempt to fix it, and if it
167 	 * is still nonlinear then we have to bug.
168 	 */
169 	int pmd_idx_kmap_begin = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_END) >> PMD_SHIFT;
170 	int pmd_idx_kmap_end = fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN) >> PMD_SHIFT;
171 
172 	if (pmd_idx_kmap_begin != pmd_idx_kmap_end
173 	    && (vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) >= pmd_idx_kmap_begin
174 	    && (vaddr >> PMD_SHIFT) <= pmd_idx_kmap_end) {
175 		pte_t *newpte;
176 		int i;
177 
178 		BUG_ON(after_bootmem);
179 		newpte = *adr;
180 		for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++)
181 			set_pte(newpte + i, pte[i]);
182 		*adr = (void *)(((unsigned long)(*adr)) + PAGE_SIZE);
183 
184 		paravirt_alloc_pte(&init_mm, __pa(newpte) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
185 		set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(newpte)|_PAGE_TABLE));
186 		BUG_ON(newpte != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0));
187 		__flush_tlb_all();
188 
189 		paravirt_release_pte(__pa(pte) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
190 		pte = newpte;
191 	}
192 	BUG_ON(vaddr < fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN - 1)
193 	       && vaddr > fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_END)
194 	       && lastpte && lastpte + PTRS_PER_PTE != pte);
195 #endif
196 	return pte;
197 }
198 
199 /*
200  * This function initializes a certain range of kernel virtual memory
201  * with new bootmem page tables, everywhere page tables are missing in
202  * the given range.
203  *
204  * NOTE: The pagetables are allocated contiguous on the physical space
205  * so we can cache the place of the first one and move around without
206  * checking the pgd every time.
207  */
208 static void __init
209 page_table_range_init(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, pgd_t *pgd_base)
210 {
211 	int pgd_idx, pmd_idx;
212 	unsigned long vaddr;
213 	pgd_t *pgd;
214 	pmd_t *pmd;
215 	pte_t *pte = NULL;
216 	unsigned long count = page_table_range_init_count(start, end);
217 	void *adr = NULL;
218 
219 	if (count)
220 		adr = alloc_low_pages(count);
221 
222 	vaddr = start;
223 	pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
224 	pmd_idx = pmd_index(vaddr);
225 	pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
226 
227 	for ( ; (pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD) && (vaddr != end); pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
228 		pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
229 		pmd = pmd + pmd_index(vaddr);
230 		for (; (pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD) && (vaddr != end);
231 							pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
232 			pte = page_table_kmap_check(one_page_table_init(pmd),
233 						    pmd, vaddr, pte, &adr);
234 
235 			vaddr += PMD_SIZE;
236 		}
237 		pmd_idx = 0;
238 	}
239 }
240 
241 /*
242  * The <linux/kallsyms.h> already defines is_kernel_text,
243  * using '__' prefix not to get in conflict.
244  */
245 static inline int __is_kernel_text(unsigned long addr)
246 {
247 	if (addr >= (unsigned long)_text && addr <= (unsigned long)__init_end)
248 		return 1;
249 	return 0;
250 }
251 
252 /*
253  * This maps the physical memory to kernel virtual address space, a total
254  * of max_low_pfn pages, by creating page tables starting from address
255  * PAGE_OFFSET:
256  */
257 unsigned long __init
258 kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start,
259 			     unsigned long end,
260 			     unsigned long page_size_mask,
261 			     pgprot_t prot)
262 {
263 	int use_pse = page_size_mask == (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M);
264 	unsigned long last_map_addr = end;
265 	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
266 	pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
267 	int pgd_idx, pmd_idx, pte_ofs;
268 	unsigned long pfn;
269 	pgd_t *pgd;
270 	pmd_t *pmd;
271 	pte_t *pte;
272 	unsigned pages_2m, pages_4k;
273 	int mapping_iter;
274 
275 	start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
276 	end_pfn = end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
277 
278 	/*
279 	 * First iteration will setup identity mapping using large/small pages
280 	 * based on use_pse, with other attributes same as set by
281 	 * the early code in head_32.S
282 	 *
283 	 * Second iteration will setup the appropriate attributes (NX, GLOBAL..)
284 	 * as desired for the kernel identity mapping.
285 	 *
286 	 * This two pass mechanism conforms to the TLB app note which says:
287 	 *
288 	 *     "Software should not write to a paging-structure entry in a way
289 	 *      that would change, for any linear address, both the page size
290 	 *      and either the page frame or attributes."
291 	 */
292 	mapping_iter = 1;
293 
294 	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PSE))
295 		use_pse = 0;
296 
297 repeat:
298 	pages_2m = pages_4k = 0;
299 	pfn = start_pfn;
300 	pgd_idx = pgd_index((pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_OFFSET);
301 	pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
302 	for (; pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD; pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
303 		pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
304 
305 		if (pfn >= end_pfn)
306 			continue;
307 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
308 		pmd_idx = pmd_index((pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_OFFSET);
309 		pmd += pmd_idx;
310 #else
311 		pmd_idx = 0;
312 #endif
313 		for (; pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD && pfn < end_pfn;
314 		     pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
315 			unsigned int addr = pfn * PAGE_SIZE + PAGE_OFFSET;
316 
317 			/*
318 			 * Map with big pages if possible, otherwise
319 			 * create normal page tables:
320 			 */
321 			if (use_pse) {
322 				unsigned int addr2;
323 				pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE;
324 				/*
325 				 * first pass will use the same initial
326 				 * identity mapping attribute + _PAGE_PSE.
327 				 */
328 				pgprot_t init_prot =
329 					__pgprot(PTE_IDENT_ATTR |
330 						 _PAGE_PSE);
331 
332 				pfn &= PMD_MASK >> PAGE_SHIFT;
333 				addr2 = (pfn + PTRS_PER_PTE-1) * PAGE_SIZE +
334 					PAGE_OFFSET + PAGE_SIZE-1;
335 
336 				if (__is_kernel_text(addr) ||
337 				    __is_kernel_text(addr2))
338 					prot = PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC;
339 
340 				pages_2m++;
341 				if (mapping_iter == 1)
342 					set_pmd(pmd, pfn_pmd(pfn, init_prot));
343 				else
344 					set_pmd(pmd, pfn_pmd(pfn, prot));
345 
346 				pfn += PTRS_PER_PTE;
347 				continue;
348 			}
349 			pte = one_page_table_init(pmd);
350 
351 			pte_ofs = pte_index((pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_OFFSET);
352 			pte += pte_ofs;
353 			for (; pte_ofs < PTRS_PER_PTE && pfn < end_pfn;
354 			     pte++, pfn++, pte_ofs++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
355 				pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
356 				/*
357 				 * first pass will use the same initial
358 				 * identity mapping attribute.
359 				 */
360 				pgprot_t init_prot = __pgprot(PTE_IDENT_ATTR);
361 
362 				if (__is_kernel_text(addr))
363 					prot = PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
364 
365 				pages_4k++;
366 				if (mapping_iter == 1) {
367 					set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, init_prot));
368 					last_map_addr = (pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + PAGE_SIZE;
369 				} else
370 					set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, prot));
371 			}
372 		}
373 	}
374 	if (mapping_iter == 1) {
375 		/*
376 		 * update direct mapping page count only in the first
377 		 * iteration.
378 		 */
379 		update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M, pages_2m);
380 		update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K, pages_4k);
381 
382 		/*
383 		 * local global flush tlb, which will flush the previous
384 		 * mappings present in both small and large page TLB's.
385 		 */
386 		__flush_tlb_all();
387 
388 		/*
389 		 * Second iteration will set the actual desired PTE attributes.
390 		 */
391 		mapping_iter = 2;
392 		goto repeat;
393 	}
394 	return last_map_addr;
395 }
396 
397 pte_t *kmap_pte;
398 
399 static void __init kmap_init(void)
400 {
401 	unsigned long kmap_vstart;
402 
403 	/*
404 	 * Cache the first kmap pte:
405 	 */
406 	kmap_vstart = __fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN);
407 	kmap_pte = virt_to_kpte(kmap_vstart);
408 }
409 
410 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
411 static void __init permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
412 {
413 	unsigned long vaddr = PKMAP_BASE;
414 
415 	page_table_range_init(vaddr, vaddr + PAGE_SIZE*LAST_PKMAP, pgd_base);
416 
417 	pkmap_page_table = virt_to_kpte(vaddr);
418 }
419 
420 void __init add_highpages_with_active_regions(int nid,
421 			 unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
422 {
423 	phys_addr_t start, end;
424 	u64 i;
425 
426 	for_each_free_mem_range(i, nid, MEMBLOCK_NONE, &start, &end, NULL) {
427 		unsigned long pfn = clamp_t(unsigned long, PFN_UP(start),
428 					    start_pfn, end_pfn);
429 		unsigned long e_pfn = clamp_t(unsigned long, PFN_DOWN(end),
430 					      start_pfn, end_pfn);
431 		for ( ; pfn < e_pfn; pfn++)
432 			if (pfn_valid(pfn))
433 				free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
434 	}
435 }
436 #else
437 static inline void permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
438 {
439 }
440 #endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
441 
442 void __init sync_initial_page_table(void)
443 {
444 	clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
445 			swapper_pg_dir     + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
446 			KERNEL_PGD_PTRS);
447 
448 	/*
449 	 * sync back low identity map too.  It is used for example
450 	 * in the 32-bit EFI stub.
451 	 */
452 	clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table,
453 			swapper_pg_dir     + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
454 			min(KERNEL_PGD_PTRS, KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY));
455 }
456 
457 void __init native_pagetable_init(void)
458 {
459 	unsigned long pfn, va;
460 	pgd_t *pgd, *base = swapper_pg_dir;
461 	p4d_t *p4d;
462 	pud_t *pud;
463 	pmd_t *pmd;
464 	pte_t *pte;
465 
466 	/*
467 	 * Remove any mappings which extend past the end of physical
468 	 * memory from the boot time page table.
469 	 * In virtual address space, we should have at least two pages
470 	 * from VMALLOC_END to pkmap or fixmap according to VMALLOC_END
471 	 * definition. And max_low_pfn is set to VMALLOC_END physical
472 	 * address. If initial memory mapping is doing right job, we
473 	 * should have pte used near max_low_pfn or one pmd is not present.
474 	 */
475 	for (pfn = max_low_pfn; pfn < 1<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT); pfn++) {
476 		va = PAGE_OFFSET + (pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
477 		pgd = base + pgd_index(va);
478 		if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
479 			break;
480 
481 		p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, va);
482 		pud = pud_offset(p4d, va);
483 		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, va);
484 		if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
485 			break;
486 
487 		/* should not be large page here */
488 		if (pmd_large(*pmd)) {
489 			pr_warn("try to clear pte for ram above max_low_pfn: pfn: %lx pmd: %p pmd phys: %lx, but pmd is big page and is not using pte !\n",
490 				pfn, pmd, __pa(pmd));
491 			BUG_ON(1);
492 		}
493 
494 		pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, va);
495 		if (!pte_present(*pte))
496 			break;
497 
498 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "clearing pte for ram above max_low_pfn: pfn: %lx pmd: %p pmd phys: %lx pte: %p pte phys: %lx\n",
499 				pfn, pmd, __pa(pmd), pte, __pa(pte));
500 		pte_clear(NULL, va, pte);
501 	}
502 	paravirt_alloc_pmd(&init_mm, __pa(base) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
503 	paging_init();
504 }
505 
506 /*
507  * Build a proper pagetable for the kernel mappings.  Up until this
508  * point, we've been running on some set of pagetables constructed by
509  * the boot process.
510  *
511  * If we're booting on native hardware, this will be a pagetable
512  * constructed in arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S.  The root of the
513  * pagetable will be swapper_pg_dir.
514  *
515  * If we're booting paravirtualized under a hypervisor, then there are
516  * more options: we may already be running PAE, and the pagetable may
517  * or may not be based in swapper_pg_dir.  In any case,
518  * paravirt_pagetable_init() will set up swapper_pg_dir
519  * appropriately for the rest of the initialization to work.
520  *
521  * In general, pagetable_init() assumes that the pagetable may already
522  * be partially populated, and so it avoids stomping on any existing
523  * mappings.
524  */
525 void __init early_ioremap_page_table_range_init(void)
526 {
527 	pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
528 	unsigned long vaddr, end;
529 
530 	/*
531 	 * Fixed mappings, only the page table structure has to be
532 	 * created - mappings will be set by set_fixmap():
533 	 */
534 	vaddr = __fix_to_virt(__end_of_fixed_addresses - 1) & PMD_MASK;
535 	end = (FIXADDR_TOP + PMD_SIZE - 1) & PMD_MASK;
536 	page_table_range_init(vaddr, end, pgd_base);
537 	early_ioremap_reset();
538 }
539 
540 static void __init pagetable_init(void)
541 {
542 	pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
543 
544 	permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_base);
545 }
546 
547 #define DEFAULT_PTE_MASK ~(_PAGE_NX | _PAGE_GLOBAL)
548 /* Bits supported by the hardware: */
549 pteval_t __supported_pte_mask __read_mostly = DEFAULT_PTE_MASK;
550 /* Bits allowed in normal kernel mappings: */
551 pteval_t __default_kernel_pte_mask __read_mostly = DEFAULT_PTE_MASK;
552 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__supported_pte_mask);
553 /* Used in PAGE_KERNEL_* macros which are reasonably used out-of-tree: */
554 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__default_kernel_pte_mask);
555 
556 /* user-defined highmem size */
557 static unsigned int highmem_pages = -1;
558 
559 /*
560  * highmem=size forces highmem to be exactly 'size' bytes.
561  * This works even on boxes that have no highmem otherwise.
562  * This also works to reduce highmem size on bigger boxes.
563  */
564 static int __init parse_highmem(char *arg)
565 {
566 	if (!arg)
567 		return -EINVAL;
568 
569 	highmem_pages = memparse(arg, &arg) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
570 	return 0;
571 }
572 early_param("highmem", parse_highmem);
573 
574 #define MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_BIG \
575 	"highmem size (%luMB) is bigger than pages available (%luMB)!\n"
576 
577 #define MSG_LOWMEM_TOO_SMALL \
578 	"highmem size (%luMB) results in <64MB lowmem, ignoring it!\n"
579 /*
580  * All of RAM fits into lowmem - but if user wants highmem
581  * artificially via the highmem=x boot parameter then create
582  * it:
583  */
584 static void __init lowmem_pfn_init(void)
585 {
586 	/* max_low_pfn is 0, we already have early_res support */
587 	max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
588 
589 	if (highmem_pages == -1)
590 		highmem_pages = 0;
591 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
592 	if (highmem_pages >= max_pfn) {
593 		printk(KERN_ERR MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_BIG,
594 			pages_to_mb(highmem_pages), pages_to_mb(max_pfn));
595 		highmem_pages = 0;
596 	}
597 	if (highmem_pages) {
598 		if (max_low_pfn - highmem_pages < 64*1024*1024/PAGE_SIZE) {
599 			printk(KERN_ERR MSG_LOWMEM_TOO_SMALL,
600 				pages_to_mb(highmem_pages));
601 			highmem_pages = 0;
602 		}
603 		max_low_pfn -= highmem_pages;
604 	}
605 #else
606 	if (highmem_pages)
607 		printk(KERN_ERR "ignoring highmem size on non-highmem kernel!\n");
608 #endif
609 }
610 
611 #define MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_SMALL \
612 	"only %luMB highmem pages available, ignoring highmem size of %luMB!\n"
613 
614 #define MSG_HIGHMEM_TRIMMED \
615 	"Warning: only 4GB will be used. Use a HIGHMEM64G enabled kernel!\n"
616 /*
617  * We have more RAM than fits into lowmem - we try to put it into
618  * highmem, also taking the highmem=x boot parameter into account:
619  */
620 static void __init highmem_pfn_init(void)
621 {
622 	max_low_pfn = MAXMEM_PFN;
623 
624 	if (highmem_pages == -1)
625 		highmem_pages = max_pfn - MAXMEM_PFN;
626 
627 	if (highmem_pages + MAXMEM_PFN < max_pfn)
628 		max_pfn = MAXMEM_PFN + highmem_pages;
629 
630 	if (highmem_pages + MAXMEM_PFN > max_pfn) {
631 		printk(KERN_WARNING MSG_HIGHMEM_TOO_SMALL,
632 			pages_to_mb(max_pfn - MAXMEM_PFN),
633 			pages_to_mb(highmem_pages));
634 		highmem_pages = 0;
635 	}
636 #ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
637 	/* Maximum memory usable is what is directly addressable */
638 	printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning only %ldMB will be used.\n", MAXMEM>>20);
639 	if (max_pfn > MAX_NONPAE_PFN)
640 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Use a HIGHMEM64G enabled kernel.\n");
641 	else
642 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Use a HIGHMEM enabled kernel.\n");
643 	max_pfn = MAXMEM_PFN;
644 #else /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
645 #ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G
646 	if (max_pfn > MAX_NONPAE_PFN) {
647 		max_pfn = MAX_NONPAE_PFN;
648 		printk(KERN_WARNING MSG_HIGHMEM_TRIMMED);
649 	}
650 #endif /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G */
651 #endif /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
652 }
653 
654 /*
655  * Determine low and high memory ranges:
656  */
657 void __init find_low_pfn_range(void)
658 {
659 	/* it could update max_pfn */
660 
661 	if (max_pfn <= MAXMEM_PFN)
662 		lowmem_pfn_init();
663 	else
664 		highmem_pfn_init();
665 }
666 
667 #ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
668 void __init initmem_init(void)
669 {
670 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
671 	highstart_pfn = highend_pfn = max_pfn;
672 	if (max_pfn > max_low_pfn)
673 		highstart_pfn = max_low_pfn;
674 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%ldMB HIGHMEM available.\n",
675 		pages_to_mb(highend_pfn - highstart_pfn));
676 	high_memory = (void *) __va(highstart_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
677 #else
678 	high_memory = (void *) __va(max_low_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
679 #endif
680 
681 	memblock_set_node(0, PHYS_ADDR_MAX, &memblock.memory, 0);
682 
683 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
684 	max_mapnr = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HIGHMEM) ? highend_pfn : max_low_pfn;
685 #endif
686 	__vmalloc_start_set = true;
687 
688 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%ldMB LOWMEM available.\n",
689 			pages_to_mb(max_low_pfn));
690 
691 	setup_bootmem_allocator();
692 }
693 #endif /* !CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES */
694 
695 void __init setup_bootmem_allocator(void)
696 {
697 	printk(KERN_INFO "  mapped low ram: 0 - %08lx\n",
698 		 max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT);
699 	printk(KERN_INFO "  low ram: 0 - %08lx\n", max_low_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
700 }
701 
702 /*
703  * paging_init() sets up the page tables - note that the first 8MB are
704  * already mapped by head.S.
705  *
706  * This routines also unmaps the page at virtual kernel address 0, so
707  * that we can trap those pesky NULL-reference errors in the kernel.
708  */
709 void __init paging_init(void)
710 {
711 	pagetable_init();
712 
713 	__flush_tlb_all();
714 
715 	kmap_init();
716 
717 	/*
718 	 * NOTE: at this point the bootmem allocator is fully available.
719 	 */
720 	olpc_dt_build_devicetree();
721 	sparse_init();
722 	zone_sizes_init();
723 }
724 
725 /*
726  * Test if the WP bit works in supervisor mode. It isn't supported on 386's
727  * and also on some strange 486's. All 586+'s are OK. This used to involve
728  * black magic jumps to work around some nasty CPU bugs, but fortunately the
729  * switch to using exceptions got rid of all that.
730  */
731 static void __init test_wp_bit(void)
732 {
733 	char z = 0;
734 
735 	printk(KERN_INFO "Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...");
736 
737 	__set_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST, __pa_symbol(empty_zero_page), PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
738 
739 	if (copy_to_kernel_nofault((char *)fix_to_virt(FIX_WP_TEST), &z, 1)) {
740 		clear_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST);
741 		printk(KERN_CONT "Ok.\n");
742 		return;
743 	}
744 
745 	printk(KERN_CONT "No.\n");
746 	panic("Linux doesn't support CPUs with broken WP.");
747 }
748 
749 void __init mem_init(void)
750 {
751 	pci_iommu_alloc();
752 
753 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
754 	BUG_ON(!mem_map);
755 #endif
756 	/*
757 	 * With CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC initialization of highmem pages has to
758 	 * be done before memblock_free_all(). Memblock use free low memory for
759 	 * temporary data (see find_range_array()) and for this purpose can use
760 	 * pages that was already passed to the buddy allocator, hence marked as
761 	 * not accessible in the page tables when compiled with
762 	 * CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC. Otherwise order of initialization is not
763 	 * important here.
764 	 */
765 	set_highmem_pages_init();
766 
767 	/* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
768 	memblock_free_all();
769 
770 	after_bootmem = 1;
771 	x86_init.hyper.init_after_bootmem();
772 
773 	mem_init_print_info(NULL);
774 
775 	/*
776 	 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
777 	 * be detected at build time already.
778 	 */
779 #define __FIXADDR_TOP (-PAGE_SIZE)
780 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
781 	BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE	> FIXADDR_START);
782 	BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END			> PKMAP_BASE);
783 #endif
784 #define high_memory (-128UL << 20)
785 	BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_START			>= VMALLOC_END);
786 #undef high_memory
787 #undef __FIXADDR_TOP
788 
789 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
790 	BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE	> FIXADDR_START);
791 	BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END				> PKMAP_BASE);
792 #endif
793 	BUG_ON(VMALLOC_START				>= VMALLOC_END);
794 	BUG_ON((unsigned long)high_memory		> VMALLOC_START);
795 
796 	test_wp_bit();
797 }
798 
799 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
800 int arch_add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size,
801 		    struct mhp_params *params)
802 {
803 	unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
804 	unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
805 	int ret;
806 
807 	/*
808 	 * The page tables were already mapped at boot so if the caller
809 	 * requests a different mapping type then we must change all the
810 	 * pages with __set_memory_prot().
811 	 */
812 	if (params->pgprot.pgprot != PAGE_KERNEL.pgprot) {
813 		ret = __set_memory_prot(start, nr_pages, params->pgprot);
814 		if (ret)
815 			return ret;
816 	}
817 
818 	return __add_pages(nid, start_pfn, nr_pages, params);
819 }
820 
821 void arch_remove_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size,
822 			struct vmem_altmap *altmap)
823 {
824 	unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
825 	unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
826 
827 	__remove_pages(start_pfn, nr_pages, altmap);
828 }
829 #endif
830 
831 int kernel_set_to_readonly __read_mostly;
832 
833 static void mark_nxdata_nx(void)
834 {
835 	/*
836 	 * When this called, init has already been executed and released,
837 	 * so everything past _etext should be NX.
838 	 */
839 	unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_etext);
840 	/*
841 	 * This comes from __is_kernel_text upper limit. Also HPAGE where used:
842 	 */
843 	unsigned long size = (((unsigned long)__init_end + HPAGE_SIZE) & HPAGE_MASK) - start;
844 
845 	if (__supported_pte_mask & _PAGE_NX)
846 		printk(KERN_INFO "NX-protecting the kernel data: %luk\n", size >> 10);
847 	set_memory_nx(start, size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
848 }
849 
850 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
851 {
852 	unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
853 	unsigned long size = (unsigned long)__end_rodata - start;
854 
855 	set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
856 	pr_info("Write protecting kernel text and read-only data: %luk\n",
857 		size >> 10);
858 
859 	kernel_set_to_readonly = 1;
860 
861 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
862 	pr_info("Testing CPA: Reverting %lx-%lx\n", start, start + size);
863 	set_pages_rw(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
864 
865 	pr_info("Testing CPA: write protecting again\n");
866 	set_pages_ro(virt_to_page(start), size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
867 #endif
868 	mark_nxdata_nx();
869 	if (__supported_pte_mask & _PAGE_NX)
870 		debug_checkwx();
871 }
872