xref: /linux/arch/x86/kernel/step.c (revision e6a901a00822659181c93c86d8bbc2a17779fddc)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  * x86 single-step support code, common to 32-bit and 64-bit.
4  */
5 #include <linux/sched.h>
6 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
7 #include <linux/mm.h>
8 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
9 
10 #include <asm/desc.h>
11 #include <asm/debugreg.h>
12 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
13 
14 unsigned long convert_ip_to_linear(struct task_struct *child, struct pt_regs *regs)
15 {
16 	unsigned long addr, seg;
17 
18 	addr = regs->ip;
19 	seg = regs->cs;
20 	if (v8086_mode(regs)) {
21 		addr = (addr & 0xffff) + (seg << 4);
22 		return addr;
23 	}
24 
25 #ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
26 	/*
27 	 * We'll assume that the code segments in the GDT
28 	 * are all zero-based. That is largely true: the
29 	 * TLS segments are used for data, and the PNPBIOS
30 	 * and APM bios ones we just ignore here.
31 	 */
32 	if ((seg & SEGMENT_TI_MASK) == SEGMENT_LDT) {
33 		struct desc_struct *desc;
34 		unsigned long base;
35 
36 		seg >>= 3;
37 
38 		mutex_lock(&child->mm->context.lock);
39 		if (unlikely(!child->mm->context.ldt ||
40 			     seg >= child->mm->context.ldt->nr_entries))
41 			addr = -1L; /* bogus selector, access would fault */
42 		else {
43 			desc = &child->mm->context.ldt->entries[seg];
44 			base = get_desc_base(desc);
45 
46 			/* 16-bit code segment? */
47 			if (!desc->d)
48 				addr &= 0xffff;
49 			addr += base;
50 		}
51 		mutex_unlock(&child->mm->context.lock);
52 	}
53 #endif
54 
55 	return addr;
56 }
57 
58 static int is_setting_trap_flag(struct task_struct *child, struct pt_regs *regs)
59 {
60 	int i, copied;
61 	unsigned char opcode[15];
62 	unsigned long addr = convert_ip_to_linear(child, regs);
63 
64 	copied = access_process_vm(child, addr, opcode, sizeof(opcode),
65 			FOLL_FORCE);
66 	for (i = 0; i < copied; i++) {
67 		switch (opcode[i]) {
68 		/* popf and iret */
69 		case 0x9d: case 0xcf:
70 			return 1;
71 
72 			/* CHECKME: 64 65 */
73 
74 		/* opcode and address size prefixes */
75 		case 0x66: case 0x67:
76 			continue;
77 		/* irrelevant prefixes (segment overrides and repeats) */
78 		case 0x26: case 0x2e:
79 		case 0x36: case 0x3e:
80 		case 0x64: case 0x65:
81 		case 0xf0: case 0xf2: case 0xf3:
82 			continue;
83 
84 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
85 		case 0x40 ... 0x4f:
86 			if (!user_64bit_mode(regs))
87 				/* 32-bit mode: register increment */
88 				return 0;
89 			/* 64-bit mode: REX prefix */
90 			continue;
91 #endif
92 
93 			/* CHECKME: f2, f3 */
94 
95 		/*
96 		 * pushf: NOTE! We should probably not let
97 		 * the user see the TF bit being set. But
98 		 * it's more pain than it's worth to avoid
99 		 * it, and a debugger could emulate this
100 		 * all in user space if it _really_ cares.
101 		 */
102 		case 0x9c:
103 		default:
104 			return 0;
105 		}
106 	}
107 	return 0;
108 }
109 
110 /*
111  * Enable single-stepping.  Return nonzero if user mode is not using TF itself.
112  */
113 static int enable_single_step(struct task_struct *child)
114 {
115 	struct pt_regs *regs = task_pt_regs(child);
116 	unsigned long oflags;
117 
118 	/*
119 	 * If we stepped into a sysenter/syscall insn, it trapped in
120 	 * kernel mode; do_debug() cleared TF and set TIF_SINGLESTEP.
121 	 * If user-mode had set TF itself, then it's still clear from
122 	 * do_debug() and we need to set it again to restore the user
123 	 * state so we don't wrongly set TIF_FORCED_TF below.
124 	 * If enable_single_step() was used last and that is what
125 	 * set TIF_SINGLESTEP, then both TF and TIF_FORCED_TF are
126 	 * already set and our bookkeeping is fine.
127 	 */
128 	if (unlikely(test_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SINGLESTEP)))
129 		regs->flags |= X86_EFLAGS_TF;
130 
131 	/*
132 	 * Always set TIF_SINGLESTEP.  This will also
133 	 * cause us to set TF when returning to user mode.
134 	 */
135 	set_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SINGLESTEP);
136 
137 	/*
138 	 * Ensure that a trap is triggered once stepping out of a system
139 	 * call prior to executing any user instruction.
140 	 */
141 	set_task_syscall_work(child, SYSCALL_EXIT_TRAP);
142 
143 	oflags = regs->flags;
144 
145 	/* Set TF on the kernel stack.. */
146 	regs->flags |= X86_EFLAGS_TF;
147 
148 	/*
149 	 * ..but if TF is changed by the instruction we will trace,
150 	 * don't mark it as being "us" that set it, so that we
151 	 * won't clear it by hand later.
152 	 *
153 	 * Note that if we don't actually execute the popf because
154 	 * of a signal arriving right now or suchlike, we will lose
155 	 * track of the fact that it really was "us" that set it.
156 	 */
157 	if (is_setting_trap_flag(child, regs)) {
158 		clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_FORCED_TF);
159 		return 0;
160 	}
161 
162 	/*
163 	 * If TF was already set, check whether it was us who set it.
164 	 * If not, we should never attempt a block step.
165 	 */
166 	if (oflags & X86_EFLAGS_TF)
167 		return test_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_FORCED_TF);
168 
169 	set_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_FORCED_TF);
170 
171 	return 1;
172 }
173 
174 void set_task_blockstep(struct task_struct *task, bool on)
175 {
176 	unsigned long debugctl;
177 
178 	/*
179 	 * Ensure irq/preemption can't change debugctl in between.
180 	 * Note also that both TIF_BLOCKSTEP and debugctl should
181 	 * be changed atomically wrt preemption.
182 	 *
183 	 * NOTE: this means that set/clear TIF_BLOCKSTEP is only safe if
184 	 * task is current or it can't be running, otherwise we can race
185 	 * with __switch_to_xtra(). We rely on ptrace_freeze_traced().
186 	 */
187 	local_irq_disable();
188 	debugctl = get_debugctlmsr();
189 	if (on) {
190 		debugctl |= DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF;
191 		set_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_BLOCKSTEP);
192 	} else {
193 		debugctl &= ~DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF;
194 		clear_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_BLOCKSTEP);
195 	}
196 	if (task == current)
197 		update_debugctlmsr(debugctl);
198 	local_irq_enable();
199 }
200 
201 /*
202  * Enable single or block step.
203  */
204 static void enable_step(struct task_struct *child, bool block)
205 {
206 	/*
207 	 * Make sure block stepping (BTF) is not enabled unless it should be.
208 	 * Note that we don't try to worry about any is_setting_trap_flag()
209 	 * instructions after the first when using block stepping.
210 	 * So no one should try to use debugger block stepping in a program
211 	 * that uses user-mode single stepping itself.
212 	 */
213 	if (enable_single_step(child) && block)
214 		set_task_blockstep(child, true);
215 	else if (test_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_BLOCKSTEP))
216 		set_task_blockstep(child, false);
217 }
218 
219 void user_enable_single_step(struct task_struct *child)
220 {
221 	enable_step(child, 0);
222 }
223 
224 void user_enable_block_step(struct task_struct *child)
225 {
226 	enable_step(child, 1);
227 }
228 
229 void user_disable_single_step(struct task_struct *child)
230 {
231 	/*
232 	 * Make sure block stepping (BTF) is disabled.
233 	 */
234 	if (test_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_BLOCKSTEP))
235 		set_task_blockstep(child, false);
236 
237 	/* Always clear TIF_SINGLESTEP... */
238 	clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SINGLESTEP);
239 	clear_task_syscall_work(child, SYSCALL_EXIT_TRAP);
240 
241 	/* But touch TF only if it was set by us.. */
242 	if (test_and_clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_FORCED_TF))
243 		task_pt_regs(child)->flags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_TF;
244 }
245