xref: /linux/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack.c (revision 6e60e583426c2f8751c22c2dfe5c207083b4483a)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
3  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
4  */
5 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
6 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
7 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
8 #include <linux/utsname.h>
9 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
10 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
11 #include <linux/module.h>
12 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
13 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
14 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
15 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
16 #include <linux/kexec.h>
17 #include <linux/bug.h>
18 #include <linux/nmi.h>
19 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
20 
21 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
22 #include <asm/unwind.h>
23 
24 int panic_on_unrecovered_nmi;
25 int panic_on_io_nmi;
26 unsigned int code_bytes = 64;
27 static int die_counter;
28 
29 bool in_task_stack(unsigned long *stack, struct task_struct *task,
30 		   struct stack_info *info)
31 {
32 	unsigned long *begin = task_stack_page(task);
33 	unsigned long *end   = task_stack_page(task) + THREAD_SIZE;
34 
35 	if (stack < begin || stack >= end)
36 		return false;
37 
38 	info->type	= STACK_TYPE_TASK;
39 	info->begin	= begin;
40 	info->end	= end;
41 	info->next_sp	= NULL;
42 
43 	return true;
44 }
45 
46 bool in_sysenter_stack(unsigned long *stack, struct stack_info *info)
47 {
48 	struct tss_struct *tss = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_tss);
49 
50 	/* Treat the canary as part of the stack for unwinding purposes. */
51 	void *begin = &tss->SYSENTER_stack_canary;
52 	void *end = (void *)&tss->SYSENTER_stack + sizeof(tss->SYSENTER_stack);
53 
54 	if ((void *)stack < begin || (void *)stack >= end)
55 		return false;
56 
57 	info->type	= STACK_TYPE_SYSENTER;
58 	info->begin	= begin;
59 	info->end	= end;
60 	info->next_sp	= NULL;
61 
62 	return true;
63 }
64 
65 static void printk_stack_address(unsigned long address, int reliable,
66 				 char *log_lvl)
67 {
68 	touch_nmi_watchdog();
69 	printk("%s %s%pB\n", log_lvl, reliable ? "" : "? ", (void *)address);
70 }
71 
72 void show_iret_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
73 {
74 	printk(KERN_DEFAULT "RIP: %04x:%pS\n", (int)regs->cs, (void *)regs->ip);
75 	printk(KERN_DEFAULT "RSP: %04x:%016lx EFLAGS: %08lx", (int)regs->ss,
76 		regs->sp, regs->flags);
77 }
78 
79 static void show_regs_safe(struct stack_info *info, struct pt_regs *regs)
80 {
81 	if (on_stack(info, regs, sizeof(*regs)))
82 		__show_regs(regs, 0);
83 	else if (on_stack(info, (void *)regs + IRET_FRAME_OFFSET,
84 			  IRET_FRAME_SIZE)) {
85 		/*
86 		 * When an interrupt or exception occurs in entry code, the
87 		 * full pt_regs might not have been saved yet.  In that case
88 		 * just print the iret frame.
89 		 */
90 		show_iret_regs(regs);
91 	}
92 }
93 
94 void show_trace_log_lvl(struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs,
95 			unsigned long *stack, char *log_lvl)
96 {
97 	struct unwind_state state;
98 	struct stack_info stack_info = {0};
99 	unsigned long visit_mask = 0;
100 	int graph_idx = 0;
101 
102 	printk("%sCall Trace:\n", log_lvl);
103 
104 	unwind_start(&state, task, regs, stack);
105 	stack = stack ? : get_stack_pointer(task, regs);
106 
107 	/*
108 	 * Iterate through the stacks, starting with the current stack pointer.
109 	 * Each stack has a pointer to the next one.
110 	 *
111 	 * x86-64 can have several stacks:
112 	 * - task stack
113 	 * - interrupt stack
114 	 * - HW exception stacks (double fault, nmi, debug, mce)
115 	 * - SYSENTER stack
116 	 *
117 	 * x86-32 can have up to four stacks:
118 	 * - task stack
119 	 * - softirq stack
120 	 * - hardirq stack
121 	 * - SYSENTER stack
122 	 */
123 	for (regs = NULL; stack; stack = PTR_ALIGN(stack_info.next_sp, sizeof(long))) {
124 		const char *stack_name;
125 
126 		if (get_stack_info(stack, task, &stack_info, &visit_mask)) {
127 			/*
128 			 * We weren't on a valid stack.  It's possible that
129 			 * we overflowed a valid stack into a guard page.
130 			 * See if the next page up is valid so that we can
131 			 * generate some kind of backtrace if this happens.
132 			 */
133 			stack = (unsigned long *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)stack);
134 			if (get_stack_info(stack, task, &stack_info, &visit_mask))
135 				break;
136 		}
137 
138 		stack_name = stack_type_name(stack_info.type);
139 		if (stack_name)
140 			printk("%s <%s>\n", log_lvl, stack_name);
141 
142 		if (regs)
143 			show_regs_safe(&stack_info, regs);
144 
145 		/*
146 		 * Scan the stack, printing any text addresses we find.  At the
147 		 * same time, follow proper stack frames with the unwinder.
148 		 *
149 		 * Addresses found during the scan which are not reported by
150 		 * the unwinder are considered to be additional clues which are
151 		 * sometimes useful for debugging and are prefixed with '?'.
152 		 * This also serves as a failsafe option in case the unwinder
153 		 * goes off in the weeds.
154 		 */
155 		for (; stack < stack_info.end; stack++) {
156 			unsigned long real_addr;
157 			int reliable = 0;
158 			unsigned long addr = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*stack);
159 			unsigned long *ret_addr_p =
160 				unwind_get_return_address_ptr(&state);
161 
162 			if (!__kernel_text_address(addr))
163 				continue;
164 
165 			/*
166 			 * Don't print regs->ip again if it was already printed
167 			 * by show_regs_safe() below.
168 			 */
169 			if (regs && stack == &regs->ip)
170 				goto next;
171 
172 			if (stack == ret_addr_p)
173 				reliable = 1;
174 
175 			/*
176 			 * When function graph tracing is enabled for a
177 			 * function, its return address on the stack is
178 			 * replaced with the address of an ftrace handler
179 			 * (return_to_handler).  In that case, before printing
180 			 * the "real" address, we want to print the handler
181 			 * address as an "unreliable" hint that function graph
182 			 * tracing was involved.
183 			 */
184 			real_addr = ftrace_graph_ret_addr(task, &graph_idx,
185 							  addr, stack);
186 			if (real_addr != addr)
187 				printk_stack_address(addr, 0, log_lvl);
188 			printk_stack_address(real_addr, reliable, log_lvl);
189 
190 			if (!reliable)
191 				continue;
192 
193 next:
194 			/*
195 			 * Get the next frame from the unwinder.  No need to
196 			 * check for an error: if anything goes wrong, the rest
197 			 * of the addresses will just be printed as unreliable.
198 			 */
199 			unwind_next_frame(&state);
200 
201 			/* if the frame has entry regs, print them */
202 			regs = unwind_get_entry_regs(&state);
203 			if (regs)
204 				show_regs_safe(&stack_info, regs);
205 		}
206 
207 		if (stack_name)
208 			printk("%s </%s>\n", log_lvl, stack_name);
209 	}
210 }
211 
212 void show_stack(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long *sp)
213 {
214 	task = task ? : current;
215 
216 	/*
217 	 * Stack frames below this one aren't interesting.  Don't show them
218 	 * if we're printing for %current.
219 	 */
220 	if (!sp && task == current)
221 		sp = get_stack_pointer(current, NULL);
222 
223 	show_trace_log_lvl(task, NULL, sp, KERN_DEFAULT);
224 }
225 
226 void show_stack_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
227 {
228 	show_trace_log_lvl(current, regs, NULL, KERN_DEFAULT);
229 }
230 
231 static arch_spinlock_t die_lock = __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
232 static int die_owner = -1;
233 static unsigned int die_nest_count;
234 
235 unsigned long oops_begin(void)
236 {
237 	int cpu;
238 	unsigned long flags;
239 
240 	oops_enter();
241 
242 	/* racy, but better than risking deadlock. */
243 	raw_local_irq_save(flags);
244 	cpu = smp_processor_id();
245 	if (!arch_spin_trylock(&die_lock)) {
246 		if (cpu == die_owner)
247 			/* nested oops. should stop eventually */;
248 		else
249 			arch_spin_lock(&die_lock);
250 	}
251 	die_nest_count++;
252 	die_owner = cpu;
253 	console_verbose();
254 	bust_spinlocks(1);
255 	return flags;
256 }
257 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(oops_begin);
258 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_begin);
259 
260 void __noreturn rewind_stack_do_exit(int signr);
261 
262 void oops_end(unsigned long flags, struct pt_regs *regs, int signr)
263 {
264 	if (regs && kexec_should_crash(current))
265 		crash_kexec(regs);
266 
267 	bust_spinlocks(0);
268 	die_owner = -1;
269 	add_taint(TAINT_DIE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
270 	die_nest_count--;
271 	if (!die_nest_count)
272 		/* Nest count reaches zero, release the lock. */
273 		arch_spin_unlock(&die_lock);
274 	raw_local_irq_restore(flags);
275 	oops_exit();
276 
277 	if (!signr)
278 		return;
279 	if (in_interrupt())
280 		panic("Fatal exception in interrupt");
281 	if (panic_on_oops)
282 		panic("Fatal exception");
283 
284 	/*
285 	 * We're not going to return, but we might be on an IST stack or
286 	 * have very little stack space left.  Rewind the stack and kill
287 	 * the task.
288 	 */
289 	rewind_stack_do_exit(signr);
290 }
291 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_end);
292 
293 int __die(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
294 {
295 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
296 	unsigned short ss;
297 	unsigned long sp;
298 #endif
299 	printk(KERN_DEFAULT
300 	       "%s: %04lx [#%d]%s%s%s%s\n", str, err & 0xffff, ++die_counter,
301 	       IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT) ? " PREEMPT"         : "",
302 	       IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP)     ? " SMP"             : "",
303 	       debug_pagealloc_enabled()  ? " DEBUG_PAGEALLOC" : "",
304 	       IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN)   ? " KASAN"           : "");
305 
306 	if (notify_die(DIE_OOPS, str, regs, err,
307 			current->thread.trap_nr, SIGSEGV) == NOTIFY_STOP)
308 		return 1;
309 
310 	print_modules();
311 	show_regs(regs);
312 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
313 	if (user_mode(regs)) {
314 		sp = regs->sp;
315 		ss = regs->ss;
316 	} else {
317 		sp = kernel_stack_pointer(regs);
318 		savesegment(ss, ss);
319 	}
320 	printk(KERN_EMERG "EIP: %pS SS:ESP: %04x:%08lx\n",
321 	       (void *)regs->ip, ss, sp);
322 #else
323 	/* Executive summary in case the oops scrolled away */
324 	printk(KERN_ALERT "RIP: %pS RSP: %016lx\n", (void *)regs->ip, regs->sp);
325 #endif
326 	return 0;
327 }
328 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die);
329 
330 /*
331  * This is gone through when something in the kernel has done something bad
332  * and is about to be terminated:
333  */
334 void die(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
335 {
336 	unsigned long flags = oops_begin();
337 	int sig = SIGSEGV;
338 
339 	if (__die(str, regs, err))
340 		sig = 0;
341 	oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
342 }
343 
344 static int __init code_bytes_setup(char *s)
345 {
346 	ssize_t ret;
347 	unsigned long val;
348 
349 	if (!s)
350 		return -EINVAL;
351 
352 	ret = kstrtoul(s, 0, &val);
353 	if (ret)
354 		return ret;
355 
356 	code_bytes = val;
357 	if (code_bytes > 8192)
358 		code_bytes = 8192;
359 
360 	return 1;
361 }
362 __setup("code_bytes=", code_bytes_setup);
363