xref: /linux/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/core.c (revision 308d3165d8b2b98d3dc3d97d6662062735daea67)
1 /*
2  * CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2000-2006 Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
5  *	      2006	Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
6  *	      2013-2016	Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
7  *
8  * X86 CPU microcode early update for Linux:
9  *
10  *	Copyright (C) 2012 Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
11  *			   H Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
12  *		  (C) 2015 Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
13  *
14  * This driver allows to upgrade microcode on x86 processors.
15  *
16  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
17  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
18  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
19  * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
20  */
21 
22 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "microcode: " fmt
23 
24 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
25 #include <linux/syscore_ops.h>
26 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
27 #include <linux/capability.h>
28 #include <linux/firmware.h>
29 #include <linux/kernel.h>
30 #include <linux/mutex.h>
31 #include <linux/cpu.h>
32 #include <linux/fs.h>
33 #include <linux/mm.h>
34 
35 #include <asm/microcode_intel.h>
36 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
37 #include <asm/microcode_amd.h>
38 #include <asm/perf_event.h>
39 #include <asm/microcode.h>
40 #include <asm/processor.h>
41 #include <asm/cmdline.h>
42 #include <asm/setup.h>
43 
44 #define DRIVER_VERSION	"2.2"
45 
46 static struct microcode_ops	*microcode_ops;
47 static bool dis_ucode_ldr;
48 
49 LIST_HEAD(microcode_cache);
50 
51 /*
52  * Synchronization.
53  *
54  * All non cpu-hotplug-callback call sites use:
55  *
56  * - microcode_mutex to synchronize with each other;
57  * - get/put_online_cpus() to synchronize with
58  *   the cpu-hotplug-callback call sites.
59  *
60  * We guarantee that only a single cpu is being
61  * updated at any particular moment of time.
62  */
63 static DEFINE_MUTEX(microcode_mutex);
64 
65 struct ucode_cpu_info		ucode_cpu_info[NR_CPUS];
66 
67 /*
68  * Operations that are run on a target cpu:
69  */
70 
71 struct cpu_info_ctx {
72 	struct cpu_signature	*cpu_sig;
73 	int			err;
74 };
75 
76 static bool __init check_loader_disabled_bsp(void)
77 {
78 	static const char *__dis_opt_str = "dis_ucode_ldr";
79 
80 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
81 	const char *cmdline = (const char *)__pa_nodebug(boot_command_line);
82 	const char *option  = (const char *)__pa_nodebug(__dis_opt_str);
83 	bool *res = (bool *)__pa_nodebug(&dis_ucode_ldr);
84 
85 #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
86 	const char *cmdline = boot_command_line;
87 	const char *option  = __dis_opt_str;
88 	bool *res = &dis_ucode_ldr;
89 #endif
90 
91 	if (cmdline_find_option_bool(cmdline, option))
92 		*res = true;
93 
94 	return *res;
95 }
96 
97 extern struct builtin_fw __start_builtin_fw[];
98 extern struct builtin_fw __end_builtin_fw[];
99 
100 bool get_builtin_firmware(struct cpio_data *cd, const char *name)
101 {
102 #ifdef CONFIG_FW_LOADER
103 	struct builtin_fw *b_fw;
104 
105 	for (b_fw = __start_builtin_fw; b_fw != __end_builtin_fw; b_fw++) {
106 		if (!strcmp(name, b_fw->name)) {
107 			cd->size = b_fw->size;
108 			cd->data = b_fw->data;
109 			return true;
110 		}
111 	}
112 #endif
113 	return false;
114 }
115 
116 void __init load_ucode_bsp(void)
117 {
118 	int vendor;
119 	unsigned int family;
120 
121 	if (check_loader_disabled_bsp())
122 		return;
123 
124 	if (!have_cpuid_p())
125 		return;
126 
127 	vendor = x86_cpuid_vendor();
128 	family = x86_cpuid_family();
129 
130 	switch (vendor) {
131 	case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
132 		if (family >= 6)
133 			load_ucode_intel_bsp();
134 		break;
135 	case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
136 		if (family >= 0x10)
137 			load_ucode_amd_bsp(family);
138 		break;
139 	default:
140 		break;
141 	}
142 }
143 
144 static bool check_loader_disabled_ap(void)
145 {
146 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
147 	return *((bool *)__pa_nodebug(&dis_ucode_ldr));
148 #else
149 	return dis_ucode_ldr;
150 #endif
151 }
152 
153 void load_ucode_ap(void)
154 {
155 	int vendor, family;
156 
157 	if (check_loader_disabled_ap())
158 		return;
159 
160 	if (!have_cpuid_p())
161 		return;
162 
163 	vendor = x86_cpuid_vendor();
164 	family = x86_cpuid_family();
165 
166 	switch (vendor) {
167 	case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
168 		if (family >= 6)
169 			load_ucode_intel_ap();
170 		break;
171 	case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
172 		if (family >= 0x10)
173 			load_ucode_amd_ap(family);
174 		break;
175 	default:
176 		break;
177 	}
178 }
179 
180 static int __init save_microcode_in_initrd(void)
181 {
182 	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
183 
184 	switch (c->x86_vendor) {
185 	case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
186 		if (c->x86 >= 6)
187 			return save_microcode_in_initrd_intel();
188 		break;
189 	case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
190 		if (c->x86 >= 0x10)
191 			return save_microcode_in_initrd_amd(c->x86);
192 		break;
193 	default:
194 		break;
195 	}
196 
197 	return -EINVAL;
198 }
199 
200 struct cpio_data find_microcode_in_initrd(const char *path, bool use_pa)
201 {
202 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
203 	unsigned long start = 0;
204 	size_t size;
205 
206 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
207 	struct boot_params *params;
208 
209 	if (use_pa)
210 		params = (struct boot_params *)__pa_nodebug(&boot_params);
211 	else
212 		params = &boot_params;
213 
214 	size = params->hdr.ramdisk_size;
215 
216 	/*
217 	 * Set start only if we have an initrd image. We cannot use initrd_start
218 	 * because it is not set that early yet.
219 	 */
220 	if (size)
221 		start = params->hdr.ramdisk_image;
222 
223 # else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
224 	size  = (unsigned long)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_size << 32;
225 	size |= boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
226 
227 	if (size) {
228 		start  = (unsigned long)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_image << 32;
229 		start |= boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
230 
231 		start += PAGE_OFFSET;
232 	}
233 # endif
234 
235 	/*
236 	 * Did we relocate the ramdisk?
237 	 *
238 	 * So we possibly relocate the ramdisk *after* applying microcode on the
239 	 * BSP so we rely on use_pa (use physical addresses) - even if it is not
240 	 * absolutely correct - to determine whether we've done the ramdisk
241 	 * relocation already.
242 	 */
243 	if (!use_pa && relocated_ramdisk)
244 		start = initrd_start;
245 
246 	return find_cpio_data(path, (void *)start, size, NULL);
247 #else /* !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
248 	return (struct cpio_data){ NULL, 0, "" };
249 #endif
250 }
251 
252 void reload_early_microcode(void)
253 {
254 	int vendor, family;
255 
256 	vendor = x86_cpuid_vendor();
257 	family = x86_cpuid_family();
258 
259 	switch (vendor) {
260 	case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
261 		if (family >= 6)
262 			reload_ucode_intel();
263 		break;
264 	case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
265 		if (family >= 0x10)
266 			reload_ucode_amd();
267 		break;
268 	default:
269 		break;
270 	}
271 }
272 
273 static void collect_cpu_info_local(void *arg)
274 {
275 	struct cpu_info_ctx *ctx = arg;
276 
277 	ctx->err = microcode_ops->collect_cpu_info(smp_processor_id(),
278 						   ctx->cpu_sig);
279 }
280 
281 static int collect_cpu_info_on_target(int cpu, struct cpu_signature *cpu_sig)
282 {
283 	struct cpu_info_ctx ctx = { .cpu_sig = cpu_sig, .err = 0 };
284 	int ret;
285 
286 	ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, collect_cpu_info_local, &ctx, 1);
287 	if (!ret)
288 		ret = ctx.err;
289 
290 	return ret;
291 }
292 
293 static int collect_cpu_info(int cpu)
294 {
295 	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
296 	int ret;
297 
298 	memset(uci, 0, sizeof(*uci));
299 
300 	ret = collect_cpu_info_on_target(cpu, &uci->cpu_sig);
301 	if (!ret)
302 		uci->valid = 1;
303 
304 	return ret;
305 }
306 
307 struct apply_microcode_ctx {
308 	int err;
309 };
310 
311 static void apply_microcode_local(void *arg)
312 {
313 	struct apply_microcode_ctx *ctx = arg;
314 
315 	ctx->err = microcode_ops->apply_microcode(smp_processor_id());
316 }
317 
318 static int apply_microcode_on_target(int cpu)
319 {
320 	struct apply_microcode_ctx ctx = { .err = 0 };
321 	int ret;
322 
323 	ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, apply_microcode_local, &ctx, 1);
324 	if (!ret)
325 		ret = ctx.err;
326 
327 	return ret;
328 }
329 
330 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE_OLD_INTERFACE
331 static int do_microcode_update(const void __user *buf, size_t size)
332 {
333 	int error = 0;
334 	int cpu;
335 
336 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
337 		struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
338 		enum ucode_state ustate;
339 
340 		if (!uci->valid)
341 			continue;
342 
343 		ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_user(cpu, buf, size);
344 		if (ustate == UCODE_ERROR) {
345 			error = -1;
346 			break;
347 		} else if (ustate == UCODE_OK)
348 			apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
349 	}
350 
351 	return error;
352 }
353 
354 static int microcode_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
355 {
356 	return capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) ? nonseekable_open(inode, file) : -EPERM;
357 }
358 
359 static ssize_t microcode_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
360 			       size_t len, loff_t *ppos)
361 {
362 	ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
363 
364 	if ((len >> PAGE_SHIFT) > totalram_pages) {
365 		pr_err("too much data (max %ld pages)\n", totalram_pages);
366 		return ret;
367 	}
368 
369 	get_online_cpus();
370 	mutex_lock(&microcode_mutex);
371 
372 	if (do_microcode_update(buf, len) == 0)
373 		ret = (ssize_t)len;
374 
375 	if (ret > 0)
376 		perf_check_microcode();
377 
378 	mutex_unlock(&microcode_mutex);
379 	put_online_cpus();
380 
381 	return ret;
382 }
383 
384 static const struct file_operations microcode_fops = {
385 	.owner			= THIS_MODULE,
386 	.write			= microcode_write,
387 	.open			= microcode_open,
388 	.llseek		= no_llseek,
389 };
390 
391 static struct miscdevice microcode_dev = {
392 	.minor			= MICROCODE_MINOR,
393 	.name			= "microcode",
394 	.nodename		= "cpu/microcode",
395 	.fops			= &microcode_fops,
396 };
397 
398 static int __init microcode_dev_init(void)
399 {
400 	int error;
401 
402 	error = misc_register(&microcode_dev);
403 	if (error) {
404 		pr_err("can't misc_register on minor=%d\n", MICROCODE_MINOR);
405 		return error;
406 	}
407 
408 	return 0;
409 }
410 
411 static void __exit microcode_dev_exit(void)
412 {
413 	misc_deregister(&microcode_dev);
414 }
415 #else
416 #define microcode_dev_init()	0
417 #define microcode_dev_exit()	do { } while (0)
418 #endif
419 
420 /* fake device for request_firmware */
421 static struct platform_device	*microcode_pdev;
422 
423 static int reload_for_cpu(int cpu)
424 {
425 	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
426 	enum ucode_state ustate;
427 	int err = 0;
428 
429 	if (!uci->valid)
430 		return err;
431 
432 	ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_fw(cpu, &microcode_pdev->dev, true);
433 	if (ustate == UCODE_OK)
434 		apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
435 	else
436 		if (ustate == UCODE_ERROR)
437 			err = -EINVAL;
438 	return err;
439 }
440 
441 static ssize_t reload_store(struct device *dev,
442 			    struct device_attribute *attr,
443 			    const char *buf, size_t size)
444 {
445 	unsigned long val;
446 	int cpu;
447 	ssize_t ret = 0, tmp_ret;
448 
449 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &val);
450 	if (ret)
451 		return ret;
452 
453 	if (val != 1)
454 		return size;
455 
456 	get_online_cpus();
457 	mutex_lock(&microcode_mutex);
458 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
459 		tmp_ret = reload_for_cpu(cpu);
460 		if (tmp_ret != 0)
461 			pr_warn("Error reloading microcode on CPU %d\n", cpu);
462 
463 		/* save retval of the first encountered reload error */
464 		if (!ret)
465 			ret = tmp_ret;
466 	}
467 	if (!ret)
468 		perf_check_microcode();
469 	mutex_unlock(&microcode_mutex);
470 	put_online_cpus();
471 
472 	if (!ret)
473 		ret = size;
474 
475 	return ret;
476 }
477 
478 static ssize_t version_show(struct device *dev,
479 			struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
480 {
481 	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + dev->id;
482 
483 	return sprintf(buf, "0x%x\n", uci->cpu_sig.rev);
484 }
485 
486 static ssize_t pf_show(struct device *dev,
487 			struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
488 {
489 	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + dev->id;
490 
491 	return sprintf(buf, "0x%x\n", uci->cpu_sig.pf);
492 }
493 
494 static DEVICE_ATTR(reload, 0200, NULL, reload_store);
495 static DEVICE_ATTR(version, 0400, version_show, NULL);
496 static DEVICE_ATTR(processor_flags, 0400, pf_show, NULL);
497 
498 static struct attribute *mc_default_attrs[] = {
499 	&dev_attr_version.attr,
500 	&dev_attr_processor_flags.attr,
501 	NULL
502 };
503 
504 static struct attribute_group mc_attr_group = {
505 	.attrs			= mc_default_attrs,
506 	.name			= "microcode",
507 };
508 
509 static void microcode_fini_cpu(int cpu)
510 {
511 	if (microcode_ops->microcode_fini_cpu)
512 		microcode_ops->microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
513 }
514 
515 static enum ucode_state microcode_resume_cpu(int cpu)
516 {
517 	if (apply_microcode_on_target(cpu))
518 		return UCODE_ERROR;
519 
520 	pr_debug("CPU%d updated upon resume\n", cpu);
521 
522 	return UCODE_OK;
523 }
524 
525 static enum ucode_state microcode_init_cpu(int cpu, bool refresh_fw)
526 {
527 	enum ucode_state ustate;
528 	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
529 
530 	if (uci->valid)
531 		return UCODE_OK;
532 
533 	if (collect_cpu_info(cpu))
534 		return UCODE_ERROR;
535 
536 	/* --dimm. Trigger a delayed update? */
537 	if (system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING)
538 		return UCODE_NFOUND;
539 
540 	ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_fw(cpu, &microcode_pdev->dev,
541 						     refresh_fw);
542 
543 	if (ustate == UCODE_OK) {
544 		pr_debug("CPU%d updated upon init\n", cpu);
545 		apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
546 	}
547 
548 	return ustate;
549 }
550 
551 static enum ucode_state microcode_update_cpu(int cpu)
552 {
553 	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
554 
555 	/* Refresh CPU microcode revision after resume. */
556 	collect_cpu_info(cpu);
557 
558 	if (uci->valid)
559 		return microcode_resume_cpu(cpu);
560 
561 	return microcode_init_cpu(cpu, false);
562 }
563 
564 static int mc_device_add(struct device *dev, struct subsys_interface *sif)
565 {
566 	int err, cpu = dev->id;
567 
568 	if (!cpu_online(cpu))
569 		return 0;
570 
571 	pr_debug("CPU%d added\n", cpu);
572 
573 	err = sysfs_create_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
574 	if (err)
575 		return err;
576 
577 	if (microcode_init_cpu(cpu, true) == UCODE_ERROR)
578 		return -EINVAL;
579 
580 	return err;
581 }
582 
583 static void mc_device_remove(struct device *dev, struct subsys_interface *sif)
584 {
585 	int cpu = dev->id;
586 
587 	if (!cpu_online(cpu))
588 		return;
589 
590 	pr_debug("CPU%d removed\n", cpu);
591 	microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
592 	sysfs_remove_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
593 }
594 
595 static struct subsys_interface mc_cpu_interface = {
596 	.name			= "microcode",
597 	.subsys			= &cpu_subsys,
598 	.add_dev		= mc_device_add,
599 	.remove_dev		= mc_device_remove,
600 };
601 
602 /**
603  * mc_bp_resume - Update boot CPU microcode during resume.
604  */
605 static void mc_bp_resume(void)
606 {
607 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
608 	struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
609 
610 	if (uci->valid && uci->mc)
611 		microcode_ops->apply_microcode(cpu);
612 	else if (!uci->mc)
613 		reload_early_microcode();
614 }
615 
616 static struct syscore_ops mc_syscore_ops = {
617 	.resume			= mc_bp_resume,
618 };
619 
620 static int mc_cpu_online(unsigned int cpu)
621 {
622 	struct device *dev;
623 
624 	dev = get_cpu_device(cpu);
625 	microcode_update_cpu(cpu);
626 	pr_debug("CPU%d added\n", cpu);
627 
628 	if (sysfs_create_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group))
629 		pr_err("Failed to create group for CPU%d\n", cpu);
630 	return 0;
631 }
632 
633 static int mc_cpu_down_prep(unsigned int cpu)
634 {
635 	struct device *dev;
636 
637 	dev = get_cpu_device(cpu);
638 	/* Suspend is in progress, only remove the interface */
639 	sysfs_remove_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
640 	pr_debug("CPU%d removed\n", cpu);
641 
642 	return 0;
643 }
644 
645 static struct attribute *cpu_root_microcode_attrs[] = {
646 	&dev_attr_reload.attr,
647 	NULL
648 };
649 
650 static struct attribute_group cpu_root_microcode_group = {
651 	.name  = "microcode",
652 	.attrs = cpu_root_microcode_attrs,
653 };
654 
655 int __init microcode_init(void)
656 {
657 	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
658 	int error;
659 
660 	if (dis_ucode_ldr)
661 		return -EINVAL;
662 
663 	if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
664 		microcode_ops = init_intel_microcode();
665 	else if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD)
666 		microcode_ops = init_amd_microcode();
667 	else
668 		pr_err("no support for this CPU vendor\n");
669 
670 	if (!microcode_ops)
671 		return -ENODEV;
672 
673 	microcode_pdev = platform_device_register_simple("microcode", -1,
674 							 NULL, 0);
675 	if (IS_ERR(microcode_pdev))
676 		return PTR_ERR(microcode_pdev);
677 
678 	get_online_cpus();
679 	mutex_lock(&microcode_mutex);
680 
681 	error = subsys_interface_register(&mc_cpu_interface);
682 	if (!error)
683 		perf_check_microcode();
684 	mutex_unlock(&microcode_mutex);
685 	put_online_cpus();
686 
687 	if (error)
688 		goto out_pdev;
689 
690 	error = sysfs_create_group(&cpu_subsys.dev_root->kobj,
691 				   &cpu_root_microcode_group);
692 
693 	if (error) {
694 		pr_err("Error creating microcode group!\n");
695 		goto out_driver;
696 	}
697 
698 	error = microcode_dev_init();
699 	if (error)
700 		goto out_ucode_group;
701 
702 	register_syscore_ops(&mc_syscore_ops);
703 	cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "x86/microcode:online",
704 				  mc_cpu_online, mc_cpu_down_prep);
705 
706 	pr_info("Microcode Update Driver: v%s.", DRIVER_VERSION);
707 
708 	return 0;
709 
710  out_ucode_group:
711 	sysfs_remove_group(&cpu_subsys.dev_root->kobj,
712 			   &cpu_root_microcode_group);
713 
714  out_driver:
715 	get_online_cpus();
716 	mutex_lock(&microcode_mutex);
717 
718 	subsys_interface_unregister(&mc_cpu_interface);
719 
720 	mutex_unlock(&microcode_mutex);
721 	put_online_cpus();
722 
723  out_pdev:
724 	platform_device_unregister(microcode_pdev);
725 	return error;
726 
727 }
728 fs_initcall(save_microcode_in_initrd);
729 late_initcall(microcode_init);
730