xref: /linux/arch/s390/boot/startup.c (revision 7255fcc80d4b525cc10cfaaf7f485830d4ed2000)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #include <linux/string.h>
3 #include <linux/elf.h>
4 #include <asm/page-states.h>
5 #include <asm/boot_data.h>
6 #include <asm/sections.h>
7 #include <asm/maccess.h>
8 #include <asm/cpu_mf.h>
9 #include <asm/setup.h>
10 #include <asm/kasan.h>
11 #include <asm/kexec.h>
12 #include <asm/sclp.h>
13 #include <asm/diag.h>
14 #include <asm/uv.h>
15 #include <asm/abs_lowcore.h>
16 #include <asm/physmem_info.h>
17 #include "decompressor.h"
18 #include "boot.h"
19 #include "uv.h"
20 
21 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(__kaslr_offset);
22 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(__abs_lowcore);
23 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(__memcpy_real_area);
24 pte_t *__bootdata_preserved(memcpy_real_ptep);
25 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(VMALLOC_START);
26 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(VMALLOC_END);
27 struct page *__bootdata_preserved(vmemmap);
28 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(vmemmap_size);
29 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(MODULES_VADDR);
30 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(MODULES_END);
31 unsigned long __bootdata_preserved(max_mappable);
32 unsigned long __bootdata(ident_map_size);
33 
34 u64 __bootdata_preserved(stfle_fac_list[16]);
35 u64 __bootdata_preserved(alt_stfle_fac_list[16]);
36 struct oldmem_data __bootdata_preserved(oldmem_data);
37 
38 struct machine_info machine;
39 
40 void error(char *x)
41 {
42 	sclp_early_printk("\n\n");
43 	sclp_early_printk(x);
44 	sclp_early_printk("\n\n -- System halted");
45 
46 	disabled_wait();
47 }
48 
49 static void detect_facilities(void)
50 {
51 	if (test_facility(8)) {
52 		machine.has_edat1 = 1;
53 		local_ctl_set_bit(0, CR0_EDAT_BIT);
54 	}
55 	if (test_facility(78))
56 		machine.has_edat2 = 1;
57 	if (test_facility(130))
58 		machine.has_nx = 1;
59 }
60 
61 static int cmma_test_essa(void)
62 {
63 	unsigned long reg1, reg2, tmp = 0;
64 	int rc = 1;
65 	psw_t old;
66 
67 	/* Test ESSA_GET_STATE */
68 	asm volatile(
69 		"	mvc	0(16,%[psw_old]),0(%[psw_pgm])\n"
70 		"	epsw	%[reg1],%[reg2]\n"
71 		"	st	%[reg1],0(%[psw_pgm])\n"
72 		"	st	%[reg2],4(%[psw_pgm])\n"
73 		"	larl	%[reg1],1f\n"
74 		"	stg	%[reg1],8(%[psw_pgm])\n"
75 		"	.insn	rrf,0xb9ab0000,%[tmp],%[tmp],%[cmd],0\n"
76 		"	la	%[rc],0\n"
77 		"1:	mvc	0(16,%[psw_pgm]),0(%[psw_old])\n"
78 		: [reg1] "=&d" (reg1),
79 		  [reg2] "=&a" (reg2),
80 		  [rc] "+&d" (rc),
81 		  [tmp] "=&d" (tmp),
82 		  "+Q" (S390_lowcore.program_new_psw),
83 		  "=Q" (old)
84 		: [psw_old] "a" (&old),
85 		  [psw_pgm] "a" (&S390_lowcore.program_new_psw),
86 		  [cmd] "i" (ESSA_GET_STATE)
87 		: "cc", "memory");
88 	return rc;
89 }
90 
91 static void cmma_init(void)
92 {
93 	if (!cmma_flag)
94 		return;
95 	if (cmma_test_essa()) {
96 		cmma_flag = 0;
97 		return;
98 	}
99 	if (test_facility(147))
100 		cmma_flag = 2;
101 }
102 
103 static void setup_lpp(void)
104 {
105 	S390_lowcore.current_pid = 0;
106 	S390_lowcore.lpp = LPP_MAGIC;
107 	if (test_facility(40))
108 		lpp(&S390_lowcore.lpp);
109 }
110 
111 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED
112 unsigned long mem_safe_offset(void)
113 {
114 	return vmlinux.default_lma + vmlinux.image_size + vmlinux.bss_size;
115 }
116 #endif
117 
118 static void rescue_initrd(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
119 {
120 	unsigned long old_addr, addr, size;
121 
122 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD))
123 		return;
124 	if (!get_physmem_reserved(RR_INITRD, &addr, &size))
125 		return;
126 	if (addr >= min && addr + size <= max)
127 		return;
128 	old_addr = addr;
129 	physmem_free(RR_INITRD);
130 	addr = physmem_alloc_top_down(RR_INITRD, size, 0);
131 	memmove((void *)addr, (void *)old_addr, size);
132 }
133 
134 static void copy_bootdata(void)
135 {
136 	if (__boot_data_end - __boot_data_start != vmlinux.bootdata_size)
137 		error(".boot.data section size mismatch");
138 	memcpy((void *)vmlinux.bootdata_off, __boot_data_start, vmlinux.bootdata_size);
139 	if (__boot_data_preserved_end - __boot_data_preserved_start != vmlinux.bootdata_preserved_size)
140 		error(".boot.preserved.data section size mismatch");
141 	memcpy((void *)vmlinux.bootdata_preserved_off, __boot_data_preserved_start, vmlinux.bootdata_preserved_size);
142 }
143 
144 #ifdef CONFIG_PIE_BUILD
145 static void kaslr_adjust_relocs(unsigned long min_addr, unsigned long max_addr, unsigned long offset)
146 {
147 	Elf64_Rela *rela_start, *rela_end, *rela;
148 	int r_type, r_sym, rc;
149 	Elf64_Addr loc, val;
150 	Elf64_Sym *dynsym;
151 
152 	rela_start = (Elf64_Rela *) vmlinux.rela_dyn_start;
153 	rela_end = (Elf64_Rela *) vmlinux.rela_dyn_end;
154 	dynsym = (Elf64_Sym *) vmlinux.dynsym_start;
155 	for (rela = rela_start; rela < rela_end; rela++) {
156 		loc = rela->r_offset + offset;
157 		val = rela->r_addend;
158 		r_sym = ELF64_R_SYM(rela->r_info);
159 		if (r_sym) {
160 			if (dynsym[r_sym].st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF)
161 				val += dynsym[r_sym].st_value + offset;
162 		} else {
163 			/*
164 			 * 0 == undefined symbol table index (STN_UNDEF),
165 			 * used for R_390_RELATIVE, only add KASLR offset
166 			 */
167 			val += offset;
168 		}
169 		r_type = ELF64_R_TYPE(rela->r_info);
170 		rc = arch_kexec_do_relocs(r_type, (void *) loc, val, 0);
171 		if (rc)
172 			error("Unknown relocation type");
173 	}
174 }
175 
176 static void kaslr_adjust_got(unsigned long offset) {}
177 static void rescue_relocs(void) {}
178 static void free_relocs(void) {}
179 #else
180 static int *vmlinux_relocs_64_start;
181 static int *vmlinux_relocs_64_end;
182 
183 static void rescue_relocs(void)
184 {
185 	unsigned long size = __vmlinux_relocs_64_end - __vmlinux_relocs_64_start;
186 
187 	vmlinux_relocs_64_start = (void *)physmem_alloc_top_down(RR_RELOC, size, 0);
188 	vmlinux_relocs_64_end = (void *)vmlinux_relocs_64_start + size;
189 	memmove(vmlinux_relocs_64_start, __vmlinux_relocs_64_start, size);
190 }
191 
192 static void free_relocs(void)
193 {
194 	physmem_free(RR_RELOC);
195 }
196 
197 static void kaslr_adjust_relocs(unsigned long min_addr, unsigned long max_addr, unsigned long offset)
198 {
199 	int *reloc;
200 	long loc;
201 
202 	/* Adjust R_390_64 relocations */
203 	for (reloc = vmlinux_relocs_64_start; reloc < vmlinux_relocs_64_end; reloc++) {
204 		loc = (long)*reloc + offset;
205 		if (loc < min_addr || loc > max_addr)
206 			error("64-bit relocation outside of kernel!\n");
207 		*(u64 *)loc += offset;
208 	}
209 }
210 
211 static void kaslr_adjust_got(unsigned long offset)
212 {
213 	u64 *entry;
214 
215 	/*
216 	 * Even without -fPIE, Clang still uses a global offset table for some
217 	 * reason. Adjust the GOT entries.
218 	 */
219 	for (entry = (u64 *)vmlinux.got_start; entry < (u64 *)vmlinux.got_end; entry++)
220 		*entry += offset;
221 }
222 #endif
223 
224 /*
225  * Merge information from several sources into a single ident_map_size value.
226  * "ident_map_size" represents the upper limit of physical memory we may ever
227  * reach. It might not be all online memory, but also include standby (offline)
228  * memory. "ident_map_size" could be lower then actual standby or even online
229  * memory present, due to limiting factors. We should never go above this limit.
230  * It is the size of our identity mapping.
231  *
232  * Consider the following factors:
233  * 1. max_physmem_end - end of physical memory online or standby.
234  *    Always >= end of the last online memory range (get_physmem_online_end()).
235  * 2. CONFIG_MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - the maximum size of physical memory the
236  *    kernel is able to support.
237  * 3. "mem=" kernel command line option which limits physical memory usage.
238  * 4. OLDMEM_BASE which is a kdump memory limit when the kernel is executed as
239  *    crash kernel.
240  * 5. "hsa" size which is a memory limit when the kernel is executed during
241  *    zfcp/nvme dump.
242  */
243 static void setup_ident_map_size(unsigned long max_physmem_end)
244 {
245 	unsigned long hsa_size;
246 
247 	ident_map_size = max_physmem_end;
248 	if (memory_limit)
249 		ident_map_size = min(ident_map_size, memory_limit);
250 	ident_map_size = min(ident_map_size, 1UL << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS);
251 
252 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
253 	if (oldmem_data.start) {
254 		__kaslr_enabled = 0;
255 		ident_map_size = min(ident_map_size, oldmem_data.size);
256 	} else if (ipl_block_valid && is_ipl_block_dump()) {
257 		__kaslr_enabled = 0;
258 		if (!sclp_early_get_hsa_size(&hsa_size) && hsa_size)
259 			ident_map_size = min(ident_map_size, hsa_size);
260 	}
261 #endif
262 }
263 
264 static unsigned long setup_kernel_memory_layout(void)
265 {
266 	unsigned long vmemmap_start;
267 	unsigned long asce_limit;
268 	unsigned long rte_size;
269 	unsigned long pages;
270 	unsigned long vsize;
271 	unsigned long vmax;
272 
273 	pages = ident_map_size / PAGE_SIZE;
274 	/* vmemmap contains a multiple of PAGES_PER_SECTION struct pages */
275 	vmemmap_size = SECTION_ALIGN_UP(pages) * sizeof(struct page);
276 
277 	/* choose kernel address space layout: 4 or 3 levels. */
278 	vsize = round_up(ident_map_size, _REGION3_SIZE) + vmemmap_size +
279 		MODULES_LEN + MEMCPY_REAL_SIZE + ABS_LOWCORE_MAP_SIZE;
280 	vsize = size_add(vsize, vmalloc_size);
281 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN) || (vsize > _REGION2_SIZE)) {
282 		asce_limit = _REGION1_SIZE;
283 		rte_size = _REGION2_SIZE;
284 	} else {
285 		asce_limit = _REGION2_SIZE;
286 		rte_size = _REGION3_SIZE;
287 	}
288 
289 	/*
290 	 * Forcing modules and vmalloc area under the ultravisor
291 	 * secure storage limit, so that any vmalloc allocation
292 	 * we do could be used to back secure guest storage.
293 	 */
294 	vmax = adjust_to_uv_max(asce_limit);
295 #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
296 	/* force vmalloc and modules below kasan shadow */
297 	vmax = min(vmax, KASAN_SHADOW_START);
298 #endif
299 	__memcpy_real_area = round_down(vmax - MEMCPY_REAL_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
300 	__abs_lowcore = round_down(__memcpy_real_area - ABS_LOWCORE_MAP_SIZE,
301 				   sizeof(struct lowcore));
302 	MODULES_END = round_down(__abs_lowcore, _SEGMENT_SIZE);
303 	MODULES_VADDR = MODULES_END - MODULES_LEN;
304 	VMALLOC_END = MODULES_VADDR;
305 
306 	/* allow vmalloc area to occupy up to about 1/2 of the rest virtual space left */
307 	vsize = round_down(VMALLOC_END / 2, _SEGMENT_SIZE);
308 	vmalloc_size = min(vmalloc_size, vsize);
309 	VMALLOC_START = VMALLOC_END - vmalloc_size;
310 
311 	/* split remaining virtual space between 1:1 mapping & vmemmap array */
312 	pages = VMALLOC_START / (PAGE_SIZE + sizeof(struct page));
313 	pages = SECTION_ALIGN_UP(pages);
314 	/* keep vmemmap_start aligned to a top level region table entry */
315 	vmemmap_start = round_down(VMALLOC_START - pages * sizeof(struct page), rte_size);
316 	vmemmap_start = min(vmemmap_start, 1UL << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS);
317 	/* maximum mappable address as seen by arch_get_mappable_range() */
318 	max_mappable = vmemmap_start;
319 	/* make sure identity map doesn't overlay with vmemmap */
320 	ident_map_size = min(ident_map_size, vmemmap_start);
321 	vmemmap_size = SECTION_ALIGN_UP(ident_map_size / PAGE_SIZE) * sizeof(struct page);
322 	/* make sure vmemmap doesn't overlay with vmalloc area */
323 	VMALLOC_START = max(vmemmap_start + vmemmap_size, VMALLOC_START);
324 	vmemmap = (struct page *)vmemmap_start;
325 
326 	return asce_limit;
327 }
328 
329 /*
330  * This function clears the BSS section of the decompressed Linux kernel and NOT the decompressor's.
331  */
332 static void clear_bss_section(unsigned long vmlinux_lma)
333 {
334 	memset((void *)vmlinux_lma + vmlinux.image_size, 0, vmlinux.bss_size);
335 }
336 
337 /*
338  * Set vmalloc area size to an 8th of (potential) physical memory
339  * size, unless size has been set by kernel command line parameter.
340  */
341 static void setup_vmalloc_size(void)
342 {
343 	unsigned long size;
344 
345 	if (vmalloc_size_set)
346 		return;
347 	size = round_up(ident_map_size / 8, _SEGMENT_SIZE);
348 	vmalloc_size = max(size, vmalloc_size);
349 }
350 
351 static void kaslr_adjust_vmlinux_info(unsigned long offset)
352 {
353 	*(unsigned long *)(&vmlinux.entry) += offset;
354 	vmlinux.bootdata_off += offset;
355 	vmlinux.bootdata_preserved_off += offset;
356 #ifdef CONFIG_PIE_BUILD
357 	vmlinux.rela_dyn_start += offset;
358 	vmlinux.rela_dyn_end += offset;
359 	vmlinux.dynsym_start += offset;
360 #else
361 	vmlinux.got_start += offset;
362 	vmlinux.got_end += offset;
363 #endif
364 	vmlinux.init_mm_off += offset;
365 	vmlinux.swapper_pg_dir_off += offset;
366 	vmlinux.invalid_pg_dir_off += offset;
367 #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
368 	vmlinux.kasan_early_shadow_page_off += offset;
369 	vmlinux.kasan_early_shadow_pte_off += offset;
370 	vmlinux.kasan_early_shadow_pmd_off += offset;
371 	vmlinux.kasan_early_shadow_pud_off += offset;
372 	vmlinux.kasan_early_shadow_p4d_off += offset;
373 #endif
374 }
375 
376 void startup_kernel(void)
377 {
378 	unsigned long max_physmem_end;
379 	unsigned long vmlinux_lma = 0;
380 	unsigned long amode31_lma = 0;
381 	unsigned long asce_limit;
382 	unsigned long safe_addr;
383 	void *img;
384 	psw_t psw;
385 
386 	setup_lpp();
387 	safe_addr = mem_safe_offset();
388 
389 	/*
390 	 * Reserve decompressor memory together with decompression heap, buffer and
391 	 * memory which might be occupied by uncompressed kernel at default 1Mb
392 	 * position (if KASLR is off or failed).
393 	 */
394 	physmem_reserve(RR_DECOMPRESSOR, 0, safe_addr);
395 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD) && parmarea.initrd_size)
396 		physmem_reserve(RR_INITRD, parmarea.initrd_start, parmarea.initrd_size);
397 	oldmem_data.start = parmarea.oldmem_base;
398 	oldmem_data.size = parmarea.oldmem_size;
399 
400 	store_ipl_parmblock();
401 	read_ipl_report();
402 	uv_query_info();
403 	sclp_early_read_info();
404 	setup_boot_command_line();
405 	parse_boot_command_line();
406 	detect_facilities();
407 	cmma_init();
408 	sanitize_prot_virt_host();
409 	max_physmem_end = detect_max_physmem_end();
410 	setup_ident_map_size(max_physmem_end);
411 	setup_vmalloc_size();
412 	asce_limit = setup_kernel_memory_layout();
413 	/* got final ident_map_size, physmem allocations could be performed now */
414 	physmem_set_usable_limit(ident_map_size);
415 	detect_physmem_online_ranges(max_physmem_end);
416 	save_ipl_cert_comp_list();
417 	rescue_initrd(safe_addr, ident_map_size);
418 	rescue_relocs();
419 
420 	if (kaslr_enabled()) {
421 		vmlinux_lma = randomize_within_range(vmlinux.image_size + vmlinux.bss_size,
422 						     THREAD_SIZE, vmlinux.default_lma,
423 						     ident_map_size);
424 		if (vmlinux_lma) {
425 			__kaslr_offset = vmlinux_lma - vmlinux.default_lma;
426 			kaslr_adjust_vmlinux_info(__kaslr_offset);
427 		}
428 	}
429 	vmlinux_lma = vmlinux_lma ?: vmlinux.default_lma;
430 	physmem_reserve(RR_VMLINUX, vmlinux_lma, vmlinux.image_size + vmlinux.bss_size);
431 
432 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED)) {
433 		img = decompress_kernel();
434 		memmove((void *)vmlinux_lma, img, vmlinux.image_size);
435 	} else if (__kaslr_offset) {
436 		img = (void *)vmlinux.default_lma;
437 		memmove((void *)vmlinux_lma, img, vmlinux.image_size);
438 		memset(img, 0, vmlinux.image_size);
439 	}
440 
441 	/* vmlinux decompression is done, shrink reserved low memory */
442 	physmem_reserve(RR_DECOMPRESSOR, 0, (unsigned long)_decompressor_end);
443 	if (kaslr_enabled())
444 		amode31_lma = randomize_within_range(vmlinux.amode31_size, PAGE_SIZE, 0, SZ_2G);
445 	amode31_lma = amode31_lma ?: vmlinux.default_lma - vmlinux.amode31_size;
446 	physmem_reserve(RR_AMODE31, amode31_lma, vmlinux.amode31_size);
447 
448 	/*
449 	 * The order of the following operations is important:
450 	 *
451 	 * - kaslr_adjust_relocs() must follow clear_bss_section() to establish
452 	 *   static memory references to data in .bss to be used by setup_vmem()
453 	 *   (i.e init_mm.pgd)
454 	 *
455 	 * - setup_vmem() must follow kaslr_adjust_relocs() to be able using
456 	 *   static memory references to data in .bss (i.e init_mm.pgd)
457 	 *
458 	 * - copy_bootdata() must follow setup_vmem() to propagate changes
459 	 *   to bootdata made by setup_vmem()
460 	 */
461 	clear_bss_section(vmlinux_lma);
462 	kaslr_adjust_relocs(vmlinux_lma, vmlinux_lma + vmlinux.image_size, __kaslr_offset);
463 	kaslr_adjust_got(__kaslr_offset);
464 	free_relocs();
465 	setup_vmem(asce_limit);
466 	copy_bootdata();
467 
468 	/*
469 	 * Save KASLR offset for early dumps, before vmcore_info is set.
470 	 * Mark as uneven to distinguish from real vmcore_info pointer.
471 	 */
472 	S390_lowcore.vmcore_info = __kaslr_offset ? __kaslr_offset | 0x1UL : 0;
473 
474 	/*
475 	 * Jump to the decompressed kernel entry point and switch DAT mode on.
476 	 */
477 	psw.addr = vmlinux.entry;
478 	psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS;
479 	__load_psw(psw);
480 }
481