xref: /linux/arch/riscv/mm/init.c (revision 64b14a184e83eb62ea0615e31a409956049d40e7)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Copyright (C) 2012 Regents of the University of California
4  * Copyright (C) 2019 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
5  * Copyright (C) 2020 FORTH-ICS/CARV
6  *  Nick Kossifidis <mick@ics.forth.gr>
7  */
8 
9 #include <linux/init.h>
10 #include <linux/mm.h>
11 #include <linux/memblock.h>
12 #include <linux/initrd.h>
13 #include <linux/swap.h>
14 #include <linux/swiotlb.h>
15 #include <linux/sizes.h>
16 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
17 #include <linux/of_reserved_mem.h>
18 #include <linux/libfdt.h>
19 #include <linux/set_memory.h>
20 #include <linux/dma-map-ops.h>
21 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
22 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
23 
24 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
25 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
27 #include <asm/soc.h>
28 #include <asm/io.h>
29 #include <asm/ptdump.h>
30 #include <asm/numa.h>
31 
32 #include "../kernel/head.h"
33 
34 struct kernel_mapping kernel_map __ro_after_init;
35 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_map);
36 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
37 #define kernel_map	(*(struct kernel_mapping *)XIP_FIXUP(&kernel_map))
38 #endif
39 
40 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
41 u64 satp_mode = !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL) ? SATP_MODE_48 : SATP_MODE_39;
42 #else
43 u64 satp_mode = SATP_MODE_32;
44 #endif
45 EXPORT_SYMBOL(satp_mode);
46 
47 bool pgtable_l4_enabled = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL);
48 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgtable_l4_enabled);
49 
50 phys_addr_t phys_ram_base __ro_after_init;
51 EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_ram_base);
52 
53 unsigned long empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long)]
54 							__page_aligned_bss;
55 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page);
56 
57 extern char _start[];
58 #define DTB_EARLY_BASE_VA      PGDIR_SIZE
59 void *_dtb_early_va __initdata;
60 uintptr_t _dtb_early_pa __initdata;
61 
62 static phys_addr_t dma32_phys_limit __initdata;
63 
64 static void __init zone_sizes_init(void)
65 {
66 	unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES] = { 0, };
67 
68 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
69 	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32] = PFN_DOWN(dma32_phys_limit);
70 #endif
71 	max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL] = max_low_pfn;
72 
73 	free_area_init(max_zone_pfns);
74 }
75 
76 #if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM)
77 static inline void print_mlk(char *name, unsigned long b, unsigned long t)
78 {
79 	pr_notice("%12s : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld kB)\n", name, b, t,
80 		  (((t) - (b)) >> 10));
81 }
82 
83 static inline void print_mlm(char *name, unsigned long b, unsigned long t)
84 {
85 	pr_notice("%12s : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx   (%4ld MB)\n", name, b, t,
86 		  (((t) - (b)) >> 20));
87 }
88 
89 static void __init print_vm_layout(void)
90 {
91 	pr_notice("Virtual kernel memory layout:\n");
92 	print_mlk("fixmap", (unsigned long)FIXADDR_START,
93 		  (unsigned long)FIXADDR_TOP);
94 	print_mlm("pci io", (unsigned long)PCI_IO_START,
95 		  (unsigned long)PCI_IO_END);
96 	print_mlm("vmemmap", (unsigned long)VMEMMAP_START,
97 		  (unsigned long)VMEMMAP_END);
98 	print_mlm("vmalloc", (unsigned long)VMALLOC_START,
99 		  (unsigned long)VMALLOC_END);
100 	print_mlm("lowmem", (unsigned long)PAGE_OFFSET,
101 		  (unsigned long)high_memory);
102 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) {
103 #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
104 		print_mlm("kasan", KASAN_SHADOW_START, KASAN_SHADOW_END);
105 #endif
106 
107 		print_mlm("kernel", (unsigned long)KERNEL_LINK_ADDR,
108 			  (unsigned long)ADDRESS_SPACE_END);
109 	}
110 }
111 #else
112 static void print_vm_layout(void) { }
113 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */
114 
115 void __init mem_init(void)
116 {
117 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
118 	BUG_ON(!mem_map);
119 #endif /* CONFIG_FLATMEM */
120 
121 #ifdef CONFIG_SWIOTLB
122 	if (swiotlb_force == SWIOTLB_FORCE ||
123 	    max_pfn > PFN_DOWN(dma32_phys_limit))
124 		swiotlb_init(1);
125 	else
126 		swiotlb_force = SWIOTLB_NO_FORCE;
127 #endif
128 	high_memory = (void *)(__va(PFN_PHYS(max_low_pfn)));
129 	memblock_free_all();
130 
131 	print_vm_layout();
132 }
133 
134 /* Limit the memory size via mem. */
135 static phys_addr_t memory_limit;
136 
137 static int __init early_mem(char *p)
138 {
139 	u64 size;
140 
141 	if (!p)
142 		return 1;
143 
144 	size = memparse(p, &p) & PAGE_MASK;
145 	memory_limit = min_t(u64, size, memory_limit);
146 
147 	pr_notice("Memory limited to %lldMB\n", (u64)memory_limit >> 20);
148 
149 	return 0;
150 }
151 early_param("mem", early_mem);
152 
153 static void __init setup_bootmem(void)
154 {
155 	phys_addr_t vmlinux_end = __pa_symbol(&_end);
156 	phys_addr_t max_mapped_addr;
157 	phys_addr_t phys_ram_end, vmlinux_start;
158 
159 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL))
160 		vmlinux_start = __pa_symbol(&_sdata);
161 	else
162 		vmlinux_start = __pa_symbol(&_start);
163 
164 	memblock_enforce_memory_limit(memory_limit);
165 
166 	/*
167 	 * Make sure we align the reservation on PMD_SIZE since we will
168 	 * map the kernel in the linear mapping as read-only: we do not want
169 	 * any allocation to happen between _end and the next pmd aligned page.
170 	 */
171 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX))
172 		vmlinux_end = (vmlinux_end + PMD_SIZE - 1) & PMD_MASK;
173 	/*
174 	 * Reserve from the start of the kernel to the end of the kernel
175 	 */
176 	memblock_reserve(vmlinux_start, vmlinux_end - vmlinux_start);
177 
178 	phys_ram_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
179 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL))
180 		phys_ram_base = memblock_start_of_DRAM();
181 	/*
182 	 * memblock allocator is not aware of the fact that last 4K bytes of
183 	 * the addressable memory can not be mapped because of IS_ERR_VALUE
184 	 * macro. Make sure that last 4k bytes are not usable by memblock
185 	 * if end of dram is equal to maximum addressable memory.  For 64-bit
186 	 * kernel, this problem can't happen here as the end of the virtual
187 	 * address space is occupied by the kernel mapping then this check must
188 	 * be done as soon as the kernel mapping base address is determined.
189 	 */
190 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) {
191 		max_mapped_addr = __pa(~(ulong)0);
192 		if (max_mapped_addr == (phys_ram_end - 1))
193 			memblock_set_current_limit(max_mapped_addr - 4096);
194 	}
195 
196 	min_low_pfn = PFN_UP(phys_ram_base);
197 	max_low_pfn = max_pfn = PFN_DOWN(phys_ram_end);
198 
199 	dma32_phys_limit = min(4UL * SZ_1G, (unsigned long)PFN_PHYS(max_low_pfn));
200 	set_max_mapnr(max_low_pfn - ARCH_PFN_OFFSET);
201 
202 	reserve_initrd_mem();
203 	/*
204 	 * If DTB is built in, no need to reserve its memblock.
205 	 * Otherwise, do reserve it but avoid using
206 	 * early_init_fdt_reserve_self() since __pa() does
207 	 * not work for DTB pointers that are fixmap addresses
208 	 */
209 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB))
210 		memblock_reserve(dtb_early_pa, fdt_totalsize(dtb_early_va));
211 
212 	early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
213 	dma_contiguous_reserve(dma32_phys_limit);
214 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
215 		hugetlb_cma_reserve(PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
216 	memblock_allow_resize();
217 }
218 
219 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
220 struct pt_alloc_ops pt_ops __initdata;
221 
222 unsigned long riscv_pfn_base __ro_after_init;
223 EXPORT_SYMBOL(riscv_pfn_base);
224 
225 pgd_t swapper_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __page_aligned_bss;
226 pgd_t trampoline_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __page_aligned_bss;
227 static pte_t fixmap_pte[PTRS_PER_PTE] __page_aligned_bss;
228 
229 pgd_t early_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
230 static pud_t __maybe_unused early_dtb_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
231 static pmd_t __maybe_unused early_dtb_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
232 
233 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
234 #define pt_ops			(*(struct pt_alloc_ops *)XIP_FIXUP(&pt_ops))
235 #define riscv_pfn_base         (*(unsigned long  *)XIP_FIXUP(&riscv_pfn_base))
236 #define trampoline_pg_dir      ((pgd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(trampoline_pg_dir))
237 #define fixmap_pte             ((pte_t *)XIP_FIXUP(fixmap_pte))
238 #define early_pg_dir           ((pgd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(early_pg_dir))
239 #endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
240 
241 void __set_fixmap(enum fixed_addresses idx, phys_addr_t phys, pgprot_t prot)
242 {
243 	unsigned long addr = __fix_to_virt(idx);
244 	pte_t *ptep;
245 
246 	BUG_ON(idx <= FIX_HOLE || idx >= __end_of_fixed_addresses);
247 
248 	ptep = &fixmap_pte[pte_index(addr)];
249 
250 	if (pgprot_val(prot))
251 		set_pte(ptep, pfn_pte(phys >> PAGE_SHIFT, prot));
252 	else
253 		pte_clear(&init_mm, addr, ptep);
254 	local_flush_tlb_page(addr);
255 }
256 
257 static inline pte_t *__init get_pte_virt_early(phys_addr_t pa)
258 {
259 	return (pte_t *)((uintptr_t)pa);
260 }
261 
262 static inline pte_t *__init get_pte_virt_fixmap(phys_addr_t pa)
263 {
264 	clear_fixmap(FIX_PTE);
265 	return (pte_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_PTE, pa);
266 }
267 
268 static inline pte_t *__init get_pte_virt_late(phys_addr_t pa)
269 {
270 	return (pte_t *) __va(pa);
271 }
272 
273 static inline phys_addr_t __init alloc_pte_early(uintptr_t va)
274 {
275 	/*
276 	 * We only create PMD or PGD early mappings so we
277 	 * should never reach here with MMU disabled.
278 	 */
279 	BUG();
280 }
281 
282 static inline phys_addr_t __init alloc_pte_fixmap(uintptr_t va)
283 {
284 	return memblock_phys_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
285 }
286 
287 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pte_late(uintptr_t va)
288 {
289 	unsigned long vaddr;
290 
291 	vaddr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
292 	BUG_ON(!vaddr || !pgtable_pte_page_ctor(virt_to_page(vaddr)));
293 
294 	return __pa(vaddr);
295 }
296 
297 static void __init create_pte_mapping(pte_t *ptep,
298 				      uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
299 				      phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
300 {
301 	uintptr_t pte_idx = pte_index(va);
302 
303 	BUG_ON(sz != PAGE_SIZE);
304 
305 	if (pte_none(ptep[pte_idx]))
306 		ptep[pte_idx] = pfn_pte(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
307 }
308 
309 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
310 
311 static pmd_t trampoline_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD] __page_aligned_bss;
312 static pmd_t fixmap_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD] __page_aligned_bss;
313 static pmd_t early_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
314 
315 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
316 #define trampoline_pmd ((pmd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(trampoline_pmd))
317 #define fixmap_pmd     ((pmd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(fixmap_pmd))
318 #define early_pmd      ((pmd_t *)XIP_FIXUP(early_pmd))
319 #endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
320 
321 static pud_t trampoline_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __page_aligned_bss;
322 static pud_t fixmap_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __page_aligned_bss;
323 static pud_t early_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __initdata __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
324 
325 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
326 #define trampoline_pud ((pud_t *)XIP_FIXUP(trampoline_pud))
327 #define fixmap_pud     ((pud_t *)XIP_FIXUP(fixmap_pud))
328 #define early_pud      ((pud_t *)XIP_FIXUP(early_pud))
329 #endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
330 
331 static pmd_t *__init get_pmd_virt_early(phys_addr_t pa)
332 {
333 	/* Before MMU is enabled */
334 	return (pmd_t *)((uintptr_t)pa);
335 }
336 
337 static pmd_t *__init get_pmd_virt_fixmap(phys_addr_t pa)
338 {
339 	clear_fixmap(FIX_PMD);
340 	return (pmd_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_PMD, pa);
341 }
342 
343 static pmd_t *__init get_pmd_virt_late(phys_addr_t pa)
344 {
345 	return (pmd_t *) __va(pa);
346 }
347 
348 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pmd_early(uintptr_t va)
349 {
350 	BUG_ON((va - kernel_map.virt_addr) >> PUD_SHIFT);
351 
352 	return (uintptr_t)early_pmd;
353 }
354 
355 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pmd_fixmap(uintptr_t va)
356 {
357 	return memblock_phys_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
358 }
359 
360 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pmd_late(uintptr_t va)
361 {
362 	unsigned long vaddr;
363 
364 	vaddr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
365 	BUG_ON(!vaddr || !pgtable_pmd_page_ctor(virt_to_page(vaddr)));
366 
367 	return __pa(vaddr);
368 }
369 
370 static void __init create_pmd_mapping(pmd_t *pmdp,
371 				      uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
372 				      phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
373 {
374 	pte_t *ptep;
375 	phys_addr_t pte_phys;
376 	uintptr_t pmd_idx = pmd_index(va);
377 
378 	if (sz == PMD_SIZE) {
379 		if (pmd_none(pmdp[pmd_idx]))
380 			pmdp[pmd_idx] = pfn_pmd(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
381 		return;
382 	}
383 
384 	if (pmd_none(pmdp[pmd_idx])) {
385 		pte_phys = pt_ops.alloc_pte(va);
386 		pmdp[pmd_idx] = pfn_pmd(PFN_DOWN(pte_phys), PAGE_TABLE);
387 		ptep = pt_ops.get_pte_virt(pte_phys);
388 		memset(ptep, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
389 	} else {
390 		pte_phys = PFN_PHYS(_pmd_pfn(pmdp[pmd_idx]));
391 		ptep = pt_ops.get_pte_virt(pte_phys);
392 	}
393 
394 	create_pte_mapping(ptep, va, pa, sz, prot);
395 }
396 
397 static pud_t *__init get_pud_virt_early(phys_addr_t pa)
398 {
399 	return (pud_t *)((uintptr_t)pa);
400 }
401 
402 static pud_t *__init get_pud_virt_fixmap(phys_addr_t pa)
403 {
404 	clear_fixmap(FIX_PUD);
405 	return (pud_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_PUD, pa);
406 }
407 
408 static pud_t *__init get_pud_virt_late(phys_addr_t pa)
409 {
410 	return (pud_t *)__va(pa);
411 }
412 
413 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pud_early(uintptr_t va)
414 {
415 	/* Only one PUD is available for early mapping */
416 	BUG_ON((va - kernel_map.virt_addr) >> PGDIR_SHIFT);
417 
418 	return (uintptr_t)early_pud;
419 }
420 
421 static phys_addr_t __init alloc_pud_fixmap(uintptr_t va)
422 {
423 	return memblock_phys_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
424 }
425 
426 static phys_addr_t alloc_pud_late(uintptr_t va)
427 {
428 	unsigned long vaddr;
429 
430 	vaddr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
431 	BUG_ON(!vaddr);
432 	return __pa(vaddr);
433 }
434 
435 static void __init create_pud_mapping(pud_t *pudp,
436 				      uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
437 				      phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
438 {
439 	pmd_t *nextp;
440 	phys_addr_t next_phys;
441 	uintptr_t pud_index = pud_index(va);
442 
443 	if (sz == PUD_SIZE) {
444 		if (pud_val(pudp[pud_index]) == 0)
445 			pudp[pud_index] = pfn_pud(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
446 		return;
447 	}
448 
449 	if (pud_val(pudp[pud_index]) == 0) {
450 		next_phys = pt_ops.alloc_pmd(va);
451 		pudp[pud_index] = pfn_pud(PFN_DOWN(next_phys), PAGE_TABLE);
452 		nextp = pt_ops.get_pmd_virt(next_phys);
453 		memset(nextp, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
454 	} else {
455 		next_phys = PFN_PHYS(_pud_pfn(pudp[pud_index]));
456 		nextp = pt_ops.get_pmd_virt(next_phys);
457 	}
458 
459 	create_pmd_mapping(nextp, va, pa, sz, prot);
460 }
461 
462 #define pgd_next_t		pud_t
463 #define alloc_pgd_next(__va)	(pgtable_l4_enabled ?			\
464 		pt_ops.alloc_pud(__va) : pt_ops.alloc_pmd(__va))
465 #define get_pgd_next_virt(__pa)	(pgtable_l4_enabled ?			\
466 		pt_ops.get_pud_virt(__pa) : (pgd_next_t *)pt_ops.get_pmd_virt(__pa))
467 #define create_pgd_next_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot)	\
468 				(pgtable_l4_enabled ?			\
469 		create_pud_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot) :	\
470 		create_pmd_mapping((pmd_t *)__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot))
471 #define fixmap_pgd_next		(pgtable_l4_enabled ?			\
472 		(uintptr_t)fixmap_pud : (uintptr_t)fixmap_pmd)
473 #define trampoline_pgd_next	(pgtable_l4_enabled ?			\
474 		(uintptr_t)trampoline_pud : (uintptr_t)trampoline_pmd)
475 #define early_dtb_pgd_next	(pgtable_l4_enabled ?			\
476 		(uintptr_t)early_dtb_pud : (uintptr_t)early_dtb_pmd)
477 #else
478 #define pgd_next_t		pte_t
479 #define alloc_pgd_next(__va)	pt_ops.alloc_pte(__va)
480 #define get_pgd_next_virt(__pa)	pt_ops.get_pte_virt(__pa)
481 #define create_pgd_next_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot)	\
482 	create_pte_mapping(__nextp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot)
483 #define fixmap_pgd_next		((uintptr_t)fixmap_pte)
484 #define early_dtb_pgd_next	((uintptr_t)early_dtb_pmd)
485 #define create_pud_mapping(__pmdp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot)
486 #define create_pmd_mapping(__pmdp, __va, __pa, __sz, __prot)
487 #endif /* __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED */
488 
489 void __init create_pgd_mapping(pgd_t *pgdp,
490 				      uintptr_t va, phys_addr_t pa,
491 				      phys_addr_t sz, pgprot_t prot)
492 {
493 	pgd_next_t *nextp;
494 	phys_addr_t next_phys;
495 	uintptr_t pgd_idx = pgd_index(va);
496 
497 	if (sz == PGDIR_SIZE) {
498 		if (pgd_val(pgdp[pgd_idx]) == 0)
499 			pgdp[pgd_idx] = pfn_pgd(PFN_DOWN(pa), prot);
500 		return;
501 	}
502 
503 	if (pgd_val(pgdp[pgd_idx]) == 0) {
504 		next_phys = alloc_pgd_next(va);
505 		pgdp[pgd_idx] = pfn_pgd(PFN_DOWN(next_phys), PAGE_TABLE);
506 		nextp = get_pgd_next_virt(next_phys);
507 		memset(nextp, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
508 	} else {
509 		next_phys = PFN_PHYS(_pgd_pfn(pgdp[pgd_idx]));
510 		nextp = get_pgd_next_virt(next_phys);
511 	}
512 
513 	create_pgd_next_mapping(nextp, va, pa, sz, prot);
514 }
515 
516 static uintptr_t __init best_map_size(phys_addr_t base, phys_addr_t size)
517 {
518 	/* Upgrade to PMD_SIZE mappings whenever possible */
519 	if ((base & (PMD_SIZE - 1)) || (size & (PMD_SIZE - 1)))
520 		return PAGE_SIZE;
521 
522 	return PMD_SIZE;
523 }
524 
525 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
526 #define phys_ram_base  (*(phys_addr_t *)XIP_FIXUP(&phys_ram_base))
527 extern char _xiprom[], _exiprom[], __data_loc;
528 
529 /* called from head.S with MMU off */
530 asmlinkage void __init __copy_data(void)
531 {
532 	void *from = (void *)(&__data_loc);
533 	void *to = (void *)CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE;
534 	size_t sz = (size_t)((uintptr_t)(&_end) - (uintptr_t)(&_sdata));
535 
536 	memcpy(to, from, sz);
537 }
538 #endif
539 
540 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
541 static __init pgprot_t pgprot_from_va(uintptr_t va)
542 {
543 	if (is_va_kernel_text(va))
544 		return PAGE_KERNEL_READ_EXEC;
545 
546 	/*
547 	 * In 64-bit kernel, the kernel mapping is outside the linear mapping so
548 	 * we must protect its linear mapping alias from being executed and
549 	 * written.
550 	 * And rodata section is marked readonly in mark_rodata_ro.
551 	 */
552 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && is_va_kernel_lm_alias_text(va))
553 		return PAGE_KERNEL_READ;
554 
555 	return PAGE_KERNEL;
556 }
557 
558 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
559 {
560 	set_kernel_memory(__start_rodata, _data, set_memory_ro);
561 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
562 		set_kernel_memory(lm_alias(__start_rodata), lm_alias(_data),
563 				  set_memory_ro);
564 
565 	debug_checkwx();
566 }
567 #else
568 static __init pgprot_t pgprot_from_va(uintptr_t va)
569 {
570 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) && !is_kernel_mapping(va))
571 		return PAGE_KERNEL;
572 
573 	return PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
574 }
575 #endif /* CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX */
576 
577 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
578 static void __init disable_pgtable_l4(void)
579 {
580 	pgtable_l4_enabled = false;
581 	kernel_map.page_offset = PAGE_OFFSET_L3;
582 	satp_mode = SATP_MODE_39;
583 }
584 
585 /*
586  * There is a simple way to determine if 4-level is supported by the
587  * underlying hardware: establish 1:1 mapping in 4-level page table mode
588  * then read SATP to see if the configuration was taken into account
589  * meaning sv48 is supported.
590  */
591 static __init void set_satp_mode(void)
592 {
593 	u64 identity_satp, hw_satp;
594 	uintptr_t set_satp_mode_pmd;
595 
596 	set_satp_mode_pmd = ((unsigned long)set_satp_mode) & PMD_MASK;
597 	create_pgd_mapping(early_pg_dir,
598 			   set_satp_mode_pmd, (uintptr_t)early_pud,
599 			   PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
600 	create_pud_mapping(early_pud,
601 			   set_satp_mode_pmd, (uintptr_t)early_pmd,
602 			   PUD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
603 	/* Handle the case where set_satp_mode straddles 2 PMDs */
604 	create_pmd_mapping(early_pmd,
605 			   set_satp_mode_pmd, set_satp_mode_pmd,
606 			   PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
607 	create_pmd_mapping(early_pmd,
608 			   set_satp_mode_pmd + PMD_SIZE,
609 			   set_satp_mode_pmd + PMD_SIZE,
610 			   PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
611 
612 	identity_satp = PFN_DOWN((uintptr_t)&early_pg_dir) | satp_mode;
613 
614 	local_flush_tlb_all();
615 	csr_write(CSR_SATP, identity_satp);
616 	hw_satp = csr_swap(CSR_SATP, 0ULL);
617 	local_flush_tlb_all();
618 
619 	if (hw_satp != identity_satp)
620 		disable_pgtable_l4();
621 
622 	memset(early_pg_dir, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
623 	memset(early_pud, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
624 	memset(early_pmd, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
625 }
626 #endif
627 
628 /*
629  * setup_vm() is called from head.S with MMU-off.
630  *
631  * Following requirements should be honoured for setup_vm() to work
632  * correctly:
633  * 1) It should use PC-relative addressing for accessing kernel symbols.
634  *    To achieve this we always use GCC cmodel=medany.
635  * 2) The compiler instrumentation for FTRACE will not work for setup_vm()
636  *    so disable compiler instrumentation when FTRACE is enabled.
637  *
638  * Currently, the above requirements are honoured by using custom CFLAGS
639  * for init.o in mm/Makefile.
640  */
641 
642 #ifndef __riscv_cmodel_medany
643 #error "setup_vm() is called from head.S before relocate so it should not use absolute addressing."
644 #endif
645 
646 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
647 static void __init create_kernel_page_table(pgd_t *pgdir,
648 					    __always_unused bool early)
649 {
650 	uintptr_t va, end_va;
651 
652 	/* Map the flash resident part */
653 	end_va = kernel_map.virt_addr + kernel_map.xiprom_sz;
654 	for (va = kernel_map.virt_addr; va < end_va; va += PMD_SIZE)
655 		create_pgd_mapping(pgdir, va,
656 				   kernel_map.xiprom + (va - kernel_map.virt_addr),
657 				   PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
658 
659 	/* Map the data in RAM */
660 	end_va = kernel_map.virt_addr + XIP_OFFSET + kernel_map.size;
661 	for (va = kernel_map.virt_addr + XIP_OFFSET; va < end_va; va += PMD_SIZE)
662 		create_pgd_mapping(pgdir, va,
663 				   kernel_map.phys_addr + (va - (kernel_map.virt_addr + XIP_OFFSET)),
664 				   PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL);
665 }
666 #else
667 static void __init create_kernel_page_table(pgd_t *pgdir, bool early)
668 {
669 	uintptr_t va, end_va;
670 
671 	end_va = kernel_map.virt_addr + kernel_map.size;
672 	for (va = kernel_map.virt_addr; va < end_va; va += PMD_SIZE)
673 		create_pgd_mapping(pgdir, va,
674 				   kernel_map.phys_addr + (va - kernel_map.virt_addr),
675 				   PMD_SIZE,
676 				   early ?
677 					PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC : pgprot_from_va(va));
678 }
679 #endif
680 
681 /*
682  * Setup a 4MB mapping that encompasses the device tree: for 64-bit kernel,
683  * this means 2 PMD entries whereas for 32-bit kernel, this is only 1 PGDIR
684  * entry.
685  */
686 static void __init create_fdt_early_page_table(pgd_t *pgdir, uintptr_t dtb_pa)
687 {
688 #ifndef CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB
689 	uintptr_t pa = dtb_pa & ~(PMD_SIZE - 1);
690 
691 	create_pgd_mapping(early_pg_dir, DTB_EARLY_BASE_VA,
692 			   IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) ? early_dtb_pgd_next : pa,
693 			   PGDIR_SIZE,
694 			   IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) ? PAGE_TABLE : PAGE_KERNEL);
695 
696 	if (pgtable_l4_enabled) {
697 		create_pud_mapping(early_dtb_pud, DTB_EARLY_BASE_VA,
698 				   (uintptr_t)early_dtb_pmd, PUD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
699 	}
700 
701 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT)) {
702 		create_pmd_mapping(early_dtb_pmd, DTB_EARLY_BASE_VA,
703 				   pa, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL);
704 		create_pmd_mapping(early_dtb_pmd, DTB_EARLY_BASE_VA + PMD_SIZE,
705 				   pa + PMD_SIZE, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL);
706 	}
707 
708 	dtb_early_va = (void *)DTB_EARLY_BASE_VA + (dtb_pa & (PMD_SIZE - 1));
709 #else
710 	/*
711 	 * For 64-bit kernel, __va can't be used since it would return a linear
712 	 * mapping address whereas dtb_early_va will be used before
713 	 * setup_vm_final installs the linear mapping. For 32-bit kernel, as the
714 	 * kernel is mapped in the linear mapping, that makes no difference.
715 	 */
716 	dtb_early_va = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va(XIP_FIXUP(dtb_pa));
717 #endif
718 
719 	dtb_early_pa = dtb_pa;
720 }
721 
722 /*
723  * MMU is not enabled, the page tables are allocated directly using
724  * early_pmd/pud/p4d and the address returned is the physical one.
725  */
726 void __init pt_ops_set_early(void)
727 {
728 	pt_ops.alloc_pte = alloc_pte_early;
729 	pt_ops.get_pte_virt = get_pte_virt_early;
730 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
731 	pt_ops.alloc_pmd = alloc_pmd_early;
732 	pt_ops.get_pmd_virt = get_pmd_virt_early;
733 	pt_ops.alloc_pud = alloc_pud_early;
734 	pt_ops.get_pud_virt = get_pud_virt_early;
735 #endif
736 }
737 
738 /*
739  * MMU is enabled but page table setup is not complete yet.
740  * fixmap page table alloc functions must be used as a means to temporarily
741  * map the allocated physical pages since the linear mapping does not exist yet.
742  *
743  * Note that this is called with MMU disabled, hence kernel_mapping_pa_to_va,
744  * but it will be used as described above.
745  */
746 void __init pt_ops_set_fixmap(void)
747 {
748 	pt_ops.alloc_pte = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va((uintptr_t)alloc_pte_fixmap);
749 	pt_ops.get_pte_virt = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va((uintptr_t)get_pte_virt_fixmap);
750 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
751 	pt_ops.alloc_pmd = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va((uintptr_t)alloc_pmd_fixmap);
752 	pt_ops.get_pmd_virt = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va((uintptr_t)get_pmd_virt_fixmap);
753 	pt_ops.alloc_pud = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va((uintptr_t)alloc_pud_fixmap);
754 	pt_ops.get_pud_virt = kernel_mapping_pa_to_va((uintptr_t)get_pud_virt_fixmap);
755 #endif
756 }
757 
758 /*
759  * MMU is enabled and page table setup is complete, so from now, we can use
760  * generic page allocation functions to setup page table.
761  */
762 void __init pt_ops_set_late(void)
763 {
764 	pt_ops.alloc_pte = alloc_pte_late;
765 	pt_ops.get_pte_virt = get_pte_virt_late;
766 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
767 	pt_ops.alloc_pmd = alloc_pmd_late;
768 	pt_ops.get_pmd_virt = get_pmd_virt_late;
769 	pt_ops.alloc_pud = alloc_pud_late;
770 	pt_ops.get_pud_virt = get_pud_virt_late;
771 #endif
772 }
773 
774 asmlinkage void __init setup_vm(uintptr_t dtb_pa)
775 {
776 	pmd_t __maybe_unused fix_bmap_spmd, fix_bmap_epmd;
777 
778 	kernel_map.virt_addr = KERNEL_LINK_ADDR;
779 	kernel_map.page_offset = _AC(CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET, UL);
780 
781 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
782 	kernel_map.xiprom = (uintptr_t)CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR;
783 	kernel_map.xiprom_sz = (uintptr_t)(&_exiprom) - (uintptr_t)(&_xiprom);
784 
785 	phys_ram_base = CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE;
786 	kernel_map.phys_addr = (uintptr_t)CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE;
787 	kernel_map.size = (uintptr_t)(&_end) - (uintptr_t)(&_sdata);
788 
789 	kernel_map.va_kernel_xip_pa_offset = kernel_map.virt_addr - kernel_map.xiprom;
790 #else
791 	kernel_map.phys_addr = (uintptr_t)(&_start);
792 	kernel_map.size = (uintptr_t)(&_end) - kernel_map.phys_addr;
793 #endif
794 
795 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) && !defined(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL)
796 	set_satp_mode();
797 #endif
798 
799 	kernel_map.va_pa_offset = PAGE_OFFSET - kernel_map.phys_addr;
800 	kernel_map.va_kernel_pa_offset = kernel_map.virt_addr - kernel_map.phys_addr;
801 
802 	riscv_pfn_base = PFN_DOWN(kernel_map.phys_addr);
803 
804 	/*
805 	 * The default maximal physical memory size is KERN_VIRT_SIZE for 32-bit
806 	 * kernel, whereas for 64-bit kernel, the end of the virtual address
807 	 * space is occupied by the modules/BPF/kernel mappings which reduces
808 	 * the available size of the linear mapping.
809 	 */
810 	memory_limit = KERN_VIRT_SIZE - (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) ? SZ_4G : 0);
811 
812 	/* Sanity check alignment and size */
813 	BUG_ON((PAGE_OFFSET % PGDIR_SIZE) != 0);
814 	BUG_ON((kernel_map.phys_addr % PMD_SIZE) != 0);
815 
816 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
817 	/*
818 	 * The last 4K bytes of the addressable memory can not be mapped because
819 	 * of IS_ERR_VALUE macro.
820 	 */
821 	BUG_ON((kernel_map.virt_addr + kernel_map.size) > ADDRESS_SPACE_END - SZ_4K);
822 #endif
823 
824 	pt_ops_set_early();
825 
826 	/* Setup early PGD for fixmap */
827 	create_pgd_mapping(early_pg_dir, FIXADDR_START,
828 			   fixmap_pgd_next, PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
829 
830 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
831 	/* Setup fixmap PUD and PMD */
832 	if (pgtable_l4_enabled)
833 		create_pud_mapping(fixmap_pud, FIXADDR_START,
834 				   (uintptr_t)fixmap_pmd, PUD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
835 	create_pmd_mapping(fixmap_pmd, FIXADDR_START,
836 			   (uintptr_t)fixmap_pte, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
837 	/* Setup trampoline PGD and PMD */
838 	create_pgd_mapping(trampoline_pg_dir, kernel_map.virt_addr,
839 			   trampoline_pgd_next, PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
840 	if (pgtable_l4_enabled)
841 		create_pud_mapping(trampoline_pud, kernel_map.virt_addr,
842 				   (uintptr_t)trampoline_pmd, PUD_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
843 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
844 	create_pmd_mapping(trampoline_pmd, kernel_map.virt_addr,
845 			   kernel_map.xiprom, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
846 #else
847 	create_pmd_mapping(trampoline_pmd, kernel_map.virt_addr,
848 			   kernel_map.phys_addr, PMD_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
849 #endif
850 #else
851 	/* Setup trampoline PGD */
852 	create_pgd_mapping(trampoline_pg_dir, kernel_map.virt_addr,
853 			   kernel_map.phys_addr, PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC);
854 #endif
855 
856 	/*
857 	 * Setup early PGD covering entire kernel which will allow
858 	 * us to reach paging_init(). We map all memory banks later
859 	 * in setup_vm_final() below.
860 	 */
861 	create_kernel_page_table(early_pg_dir, true);
862 
863 	/* Setup early mapping for FDT early scan */
864 	create_fdt_early_page_table(early_pg_dir, dtb_pa);
865 
866 	/*
867 	 * Bootime fixmap only can handle PMD_SIZE mapping. Thus, boot-ioremap
868 	 * range can not span multiple pmds.
869 	 */
870 	BUG_ON((__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN) >> PMD_SHIFT)
871 		     != (__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END) >> PMD_SHIFT));
872 
873 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
874 	/*
875 	 * Early ioremap fixmap is already created as it lies within first 2MB
876 	 * of fixmap region. We always map PMD_SIZE. Thus, both FIX_BTMAP_END
877 	 * FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN should lie in the same pmd. Verify that and warn
878 	 * the user if not.
879 	 */
880 	fix_bmap_spmd = fixmap_pmd[pmd_index(__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN))];
881 	fix_bmap_epmd = fixmap_pmd[pmd_index(__fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END))];
882 	if (pmd_val(fix_bmap_spmd) != pmd_val(fix_bmap_epmd)) {
883 		WARN_ON(1);
884 		pr_warn("fixmap btmap start [%08lx] != end [%08lx]\n",
885 			pmd_val(fix_bmap_spmd), pmd_val(fix_bmap_epmd));
886 		pr_warn("fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN): %08lx\n",
887 			fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN));
888 		pr_warn("fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END):   %08lx\n",
889 			fix_to_virt(FIX_BTMAP_END));
890 
891 		pr_warn("FIX_BTMAP_END:       %d\n", FIX_BTMAP_END);
892 		pr_warn("FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN:     %d\n", FIX_BTMAP_BEGIN);
893 	}
894 #endif
895 
896 	pt_ops_set_fixmap();
897 }
898 
899 static void __init setup_vm_final(void)
900 {
901 	uintptr_t va, map_size;
902 	phys_addr_t pa, start, end;
903 	u64 i;
904 
905 	/* Setup swapper PGD for fixmap */
906 	create_pgd_mapping(swapper_pg_dir, FIXADDR_START,
907 			   __pa_symbol(fixmap_pgd_next),
908 			   PGDIR_SIZE, PAGE_TABLE);
909 
910 	/* Map all memory banks in the linear mapping */
911 	for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end) {
912 		if (start >= end)
913 			break;
914 		if (start <= __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) &&
915 		    __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) < end)
916 			start = __pa(PAGE_OFFSET);
917 		if (end >= __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) + memory_limit)
918 			end = __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) + memory_limit;
919 
920 		map_size = best_map_size(start, end - start);
921 		for (pa = start; pa < end; pa += map_size) {
922 			va = (uintptr_t)__va(pa);
923 
924 			create_pgd_mapping(swapper_pg_dir, va, pa, map_size,
925 					   pgprot_from_va(va));
926 		}
927 	}
928 
929 	/* Map the kernel */
930 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
931 		create_kernel_page_table(swapper_pg_dir, false);
932 
933 #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
934 	kasan_swapper_init();
935 #endif
936 
937 	/* Clear fixmap PTE and PMD mappings */
938 	clear_fixmap(FIX_PTE);
939 	clear_fixmap(FIX_PMD);
940 	clear_fixmap(FIX_PUD);
941 
942 	/* Move to swapper page table */
943 	csr_write(CSR_SATP, PFN_DOWN(__pa_symbol(swapper_pg_dir)) | satp_mode);
944 	local_flush_tlb_all();
945 
946 	pt_ops_set_late();
947 }
948 #else
949 asmlinkage void __init setup_vm(uintptr_t dtb_pa)
950 {
951 	dtb_early_va = (void *)dtb_pa;
952 	dtb_early_pa = dtb_pa;
953 }
954 
955 static inline void setup_vm_final(void)
956 {
957 }
958 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
959 
960 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
961 /*
962  * reserve_crashkernel() - reserves memory for crash kernel
963  *
964  * This function reserves memory area given in "crashkernel=" kernel command
965  * line parameter. The memory reserved is used by dump capture kernel when
966  * primary kernel is crashing.
967  */
968 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
969 {
970 	unsigned long long crash_base = 0;
971 	unsigned long long crash_size = 0;
972 	unsigned long search_start = memblock_start_of_DRAM();
973 	unsigned long search_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
974 
975 	int ret = 0;
976 
977 	/*
978 	 * Don't reserve a region for a crash kernel on a crash kernel
979 	 * since it doesn't make much sense and we have limited memory
980 	 * resources.
981 	 */
982 	if (is_kdump_kernel()) {
983 		pr_info("crashkernel: ignoring reservation request\n");
984 		return;
985 	}
986 
987 	ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, memblock_phys_mem_size(),
988 				&crash_size, &crash_base);
989 	if (ret || !crash_size)
990 		return;
991 
992 	crash_size = PAGE_ALIGN(crash_size);
993 
994 	if (crash_base) {
995 		search_start = crash_base;
996 		search_end = crash_base + crash_size;
997 	}
998 
999 	/*
1000 	 * Current riscv boot protocol requires 2MB alignment for
1001 	 * RV64 and 4MB alignment for RV32 (hugepage size)
1002 	 *
1003 	 * Try to alloc from 32bit addressible physical memory so that
1004 	 * swiotlb can work on the crash kernel.
1005 	 */
1006 	crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, PMD_SIZE,
1007 					       search_start,
1008 					       min(search_end, (unsigned long) SZ_4G));
1009 	if (crash_base == 0) {
1010 		/* Try again without restricting region to 32bit addressible memory */
1011 		crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, PMD_SIZE,
1012 						search_start, search_end);
1013 		if (crash_base == 0) {
1014 			pr_warn("crashkernel: couldn't allocate %lldKB\n",
1015 				crash_size >> 10);
1016 			return;
1017 		}
1018 	}
1019 
1020 	pr_info("crashkernel: reserved 0x%016llx - 0x%016llx (%lld MB)\n",
1021 		crash_base, crash_base + crash_size, crash_size >> 20);
1022 
1023 	crashk_res.start = crash_base;
1024 	crashk_res.end = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
1025 }
1026 #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE */
1027 
1028 void __init paging_init(void)
1029 {
1030 	setup_bootmem();
1031 	setup_vm_final();
1032 }
1033 
1034 void __init misc_mem_init(void)
1035 {
1036 	early_memtest(min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
1037 	arch_numa_init();
1038 	sparse_init();
1039 	zone_sizes_init();
1040 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
1041 	reserve_crashkernel();
1042 #endif
1043 	memblock_dump_all();
1044 }
1045 
1046 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
1047 int __meminit vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int node,
1048 			       struct vmem_altmap *altmap)
1049 {
1050 	return vmemmap_populate_basepages(start, end, node, NULL);
1051 }
1052 #endif
1053