xref: /linux/arch/arm64/kvm/debug.c (revision 9abd613a85af72fa560e49d9a0acc5b872840c72)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Debug and Guest Debug support
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2015 - Linaro Ltd
6  * Author: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
7  */
8 
9 #include <linux/kvm_host.h>
10 #include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
11 
12 #include <asm/debug-monitors.h>
13 #include <asm/kvm_asm.h>
14 #include <asm/kvm_arm.h>
15 #include <asm/kvm_emulate.h>
16 
17 #include "trace.h"
18 
19 /* These are the bits of MDSCR_EL1 we may manipulate */
20 #define MDSCR_EL1_DEBUG_MASK	(DBG_MDSCR_SS | \
21 				DBG_MDSCR_KDE | \
22 				DBG_MDSCR_MDE)
23 
24 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, mdcr_el2);
25 
26 /*
27  * save/restore_guest_debug_regs
28  *
29  * For some debug operations we need to tweak some guest registers. As
30  * a result we need to save the state of those registers before we
31  * make those modifications.
32  *
33  * Guest access to MDSCR_EL1 is trapped by the hypervisor and handled
34  * after we have restored the preserved value to the main context.
35  *
36  * When single-step is enabled by userspace, we tweak PSTATE.SS on every
37  * guest entry. Preserve PSTATE.SS so we can restore the original value
38  * for the vcpu after the single-step is disabled.
39  */
40 static void save_guest_debug_regs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
41 {
42 	u64 val = vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1);
43 
44 	vcpu->arch.guest_debug_preserved.mdscr_el1 = val;
45 
46 	trace_kvm_arm_set_dreg32("Saved MDSCR_EL1",
47 				vcpu->arch.guest_debug_preserved.mdscr_el1);
48 
49 	vcpu->arch.guest_debug_preserved.pstate_ss =
50 					(*vcpu_cpsr(vcpu) & DBG_SPSR_SS);
51 }
52 
53 static void restore_guest_debug_regs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
54 {
55 	u64 val = vcpu->arch.guest_debug_preserved.mdscr_el1;
56 
57 	vcpu_write_sys_reg(vcpu, val, MDSCR_EL1);
58 
59 	trace_kvm_arm_set_dreg32("Restored MDSCR_EL1",
60 				vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1));
61 
62 	if (vcpu->arch.guest_debug_preserved.pstate_ss)
63 		*vcpu_cpsr(vcpu) |= DBG_SPSR_SS;
64 	else
65 		*vcpu_cpsr(vcpu) &= ~DBG_SPSR_SS;
66 }
67 
68 /**
69  * kvm_arm_init_debug - grab what we need for debug
70  *
71  * Currently the sole task of this function is to retrieve the initial
72  * value of mdcr_el2 so we can preserve MDCR_EL2.HPMN which has
73  * presumably been set-up by some knowledgeable bootcode.
74  *
75  * It is called once per-cpu during CPU hyp initialisation.
76  */
77 
78 void kvm_arm_init_debug(void)
79 {
80 	__this_cpu_write(mdcr_el2, kvm_call_hyp_ret(__kvm_get_mdcr_el2));
81 }
82 
83 /**
84  * kvm_arm_setup_mdcr_el2 - configure vcpu mdcr_el2 value
85  *
86  * @vcpu:	the vcpu pointer
87  *
88  * This ensures we will trap access to:
89  *  - Performance monitors (MDCR_EL2_TPM/MDCR_EL2_TPMCR)
90  *  - Debug ROM Address (MDCR_EL2_TDRA)
91  *  - OS related registers (MDCR_EL2_TDOSA)
92  *  - Statistical profiler (MDCR_EL2_TPMS/MDCR_EL2_E2PB)
93  *  - Self-hosted Trace Filter controls (MDCR_EL2_TTRF)
94  *  - Self-hosted Trace (MDCR_EL2_TTRF/MDCR_EL2_E2TB)
95  */
96 static void kvm_arm_setup_mdcr_el2(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
97 {
98 	/*
99 	 * This also clears MDCR_EL2_E2PB_MASK and MDCR_EL2_E2TB_MASK
100 	 * to disable guest access to the profiling and trace buffers
101 	 */
102 	vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 = __this_cpu_read(mdcr_el2) & MDCR_EL2_HPMN_MASK;
103 	vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 |= (MDCR_EL2_TPM |
104 				MDCR_EL2_TPMS |
105 				MDCR_EL2_TTRF |
106 				MDCR_EL2_TPMCR |
107 				MDCR_EL2_TDRA |
108 				MDCR_EL2_TDOSA);
109 
110 	/* Is the VM being debugged by userspace? */
111 	if (vcpu->guest_debug)
112 		/* Route all software debug exceptions to EL2 */
113 		vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 |= MDCR_EL2_TDE;
114 
115 	/*
116 	 * Trap debug register access when one of the following is true:
117 	 *  - Userspace is using the hardware to debug the guest
118 	 *  (KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW is set).
119 	 *  - The guest is not using debug (DEBUG_DIRTY clear).
120 	 *  - The guest has enabled the OS Lock (debug exceptions are blocked).
121 	 */
122 	if ((vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW) ||
123 	    !vcpu_get_flag(vcpu, DEBUG_DIRTY) ||
124 	    kvm_vcpu_os_lock_enabled(vcpu))
125 		vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 |= MDCR_EL2_TDA;
126 
127 	trace_kvm_arm_set_dreg32("MDCR_EL2", vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2);
128 }
129 
130 /**
131  * kvm_arm_vcpu_init_debug - setup vcpu debug traps
132  *
133  * @vcpu:	the vcpu pointer
134  *
135  * Set vcpu initial mdcr_el2 value.
136  */
137 void kvm_arm_vcpu_init_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
138 {
139 	preempt_disable();
140 	kvm_arm_setup_mdcr_el2(vcpu);
141 	preempt_enable();
142 }
143 
144 /**
145  * kvm_arm_reset_debug_ptr - reset the debug ptr to point to the vcpu state
146  * @vcpu:	the vcpu pointer
147  */
148 
149 void kvm_arm_reset_debug_ptr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
150 {
151 	vcpu->arch.debug_ptr = &vcpu->arch.vcpu_debug_state;
152 }
153 
154 /**
155  * kvm_arm_setup_debug - set up debug related stuff
156  *
157  * @vcpu:	the vcpu pointer
158  *
159  * This is called before each entry into the hypervisor to setup any
160  * debug related registers.
161  *
162  * Additionally, KVM only traps guest accesses to the debug registers if
163  * the guest is not actively using them (see the DEBUG_DIRTY
164  * flag on vcpu->arch.iflags).  Since the guest must not interfere
165  * with the hardware state when debugging the guest, we must ensure that
166  * trapping is enabled whenever we are debugging the guest using the
167  * debug registers.
168  */
169 
170 void kvm_arm_setup_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
171 {
172 	unsigned long mdscr, orig_mdcr_el2 = vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2;
173 
174 	trace_kvm_arm_setup_debug(vcpu, vcpu->guest_debug);
175 
176 	kvm_arm_setup_mdcr_el2(vcpu);
177 
178 	/* Check if we need to use the debug registers. */
179 	if (vcpu->guest_debug || kvm_vcpu_os_lock_enabled(vcpu)) {
180 		/* Save guest debug state */
181 		save_guest_debug_regs(vcpu);
182 
183 		/*
184 		 * Single Step (ARM ARM D2.12.3 The software step state
185 		 * machine)
186 		 *
187 		 * If we are doing Single Step we need to manipulate
188 		 * the guest's MDSCR_EL1.SS and PSTATE.SS. Once the
189 		 * step has occurred the hypervisor will trap the
190 		 * debug exception and we return to userspace.
191 		 *
192 		 * If the guest attempts to single step its userspace
193 		 * we would have to deal with a trapped exception
194 		 * while in the guest kernel. Because this would be
195 		 * hard to unwind we suppress the guest's ability to
196 		 * do so by masking MDSCR_EL.SS.
197 		 *
198 		 * This confuses guest debuggers which use
199 		 * single-step behind the scenes but everything
200 		 * returns to normal once the host is no longer
201 		 * debugging the system.
202 		 */
203 		if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_SINGLESTEP) {
204 			/*
205 			 * If the software step state at the last guest exit
206 			 * was Active-pending, we don't set DBG_SPSR_SS so
207 			 * that the state is maintained (to not run another
208 			 * single-step until the pending Software Step
209 			 * exception is taken).
210 			 */
211 			if (!vcpu_get_flag(vcpu, DBG_SS_ACTIVE_PENDING))
212 				*vcpu_cpsr(vcpu) |= DBG_SPSR_SS;
213 			else
214 				*vcpu_cpsr(vcpu) &= ~DBG_SPSR_SS;
215 
216 			mdscr = vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1);
217 			mdscr |= DBG_MDSCR_SS;
218 			vcpu_write_sys_reg(vcpu, mdscr, MDSCR_EL1);
219 		} else {
220 			mdscr = vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1);
221 			mdscr &= ~DBG_MDSCR_SS;
222 			vcpu_write_sys_reg(vcpu, mdscr, MDSCR_EL1);
223 		}
224 
225 		trace_kvm_arm_set_dreg32("SPSR_EL2", *vcpu_cpsr(vcpu));
226 
227 		/*
228 		 * HW Breakpoints and watchpoints
229 		 *
230 		 * We simply switch the debug_ptr to point to our new
231 		 * external_debug_state which has been populated by the
232 		 * debug ioctl. The existing DEBUG_DIRTY mechanism ensures
233 		 * the registers are updated on the world switch.
234 		 */
235 		if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW) {
236 			/* Enable breakpoints/watchpoints */
237 			mdscr = vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1);
238 			mdscr |= DBG_MDSCR_MDE;
239 			vcpu_write_sys_reg(vcpu, mdscr, MDSCR_EL1);
240 
241 			vcpu->arch.debug_ptr = &vcpu->arch.external_debug_state;
242 			vcpu_set_flag(vcpu, DEBUG_DIRTY);
243 
244 			trace_kvm_arm_set_regset("BKPTS", get_num_brps(),
245 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_bcr[0],
246 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_bvr[0]);
247 
248 			trace_kvm_arm_set_regset("WAPTS", get_num_wrps(),
249 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_wcr[0],
250 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_wvr[0]);
251 
252 		/*
253 		 * The OS Lock blocks debug exceptions in all ELs when it is
254 		 * enabled. If the guest has enabled the OS Lock, constrain its
255 		 * effects to the guest. Emulate the behavior by clearing
256 		 * MDSCR_EL1.MDE. In so doing, we ensure that host debug
257 		 * exceptions are unaffected by guest configuration of the OS
258 		 * Lock.
259 		 */
260 		} else if (kvm_vcpu_os_lock_enabled(vcpu)) {
261 			mdscr = vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1);
262 			mdscr &= ~DBG_MDSCR_MDE;
263 			vcpu_write_sys_reg(vcpu, mdscr, MDSCR_EL1);
264 		}
265 	}
266 
267 	BUG_ON(!vcpu->guest_debug &&
268 		vcpu->arch.debug_ptr != &vcpu->arch.vcpu_debug_state);
269 
270 	/* If KDE or MDE are set, perform a full save/restore cycle. */
271 	if (vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1) & (DBG_MDSCR_KDE | DBG_MDSCR_MDE))
272 		vcpu_set_flag(vcpu, DEBUG_DIRTY);
273 
274 	/* Write mdcr_el2 changes since vcpu_load on VHE systems */
275 	if (has_vhe() && orig_mdcr_el2 != vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2)
276 		write_sysreg(vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2, mdcr_el2);
277 
278 	trace_kvm_arm_set_dreg32("MDSCR_EL1", vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1));
279 }
280 
281 void kvm_arm_clear_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
282 {
283 	trace_kvm_arm_clear_debug(vcpu->guest_debug);
284 
285 	/*
286 	 * Restore the guest's debug registers if we were using them.
287 	 */
288 	if (vcpu->guest_debug || kvm_vcpu_os_lock_enabled(vcpu)) {
289 		if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_SINGLESTEP) {
290 			if (!(*vcpu_cpsr(vcpu) & DBG_SPSR_SS))
291 				/*
292 				 * Mark the vcpu as ACTIVE_PENDING
293 				 * until Software Step exception is taken.
294 				 */
295 				vcpu_set_flag(vcpu, DBG_SS_ACTIVE_PENDING);
296 		}
297 
298 		restore_guest_debug_regs(vcpu);
299 
300 		/*
301 		 * If we were using HW debug we need to restore the
302 		 * debug_ptr to the guest debug state.
303 		 */
304 		if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW) {
305 			kvm_arm_reset_debug_ptr(vcpu);
306 
307 			trace_kvm_arm_set_regset("BKPTS", get_num_brps(),
308 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_bcr[0],
309 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_bvr[0]);
310 
311 			trace_kvm_arm_set_regset("WAPTS", get_num_wrps(),
312 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_wcr[0],
313 						&vcpu->arch.debug_ptr->dbg_wvr[0]);
314 		}
315 	}
316 }
317 
318 void kvm_arch_vcpu_load_debug_state_flags(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
319 {
320 	u64 dfr0;
321 
322 	/* For VHE, there is nothing to do */
323 	if (has_vhe())
324 		return;
325 
326 	dfr0 = read_sysreg(id_aa64dfr0_el1);
327 	/*
328 	 * If SPE is present on this CPU and is available at current EL,
329 	 * we may need to check if the host state needs to be saved.
330 	 */
331 	if (cpuid_feature_extract_unsigned_field(dfr0, ID_AA64DFR0_EL1_PMSVer_SHIFT) &&
332 	    !(read_sysreg_s(SYS_PMBIDR_EL1) & BIT(PMBIDR_EL1_P_SHIFT)))
333 		vcpu_set_flag(vcpu, DEBUG_STATE_SAVE_SPE);
334 
335 	/* Check if we have TRBE implemented and available at the host */
336 	if (cpuid_feature_extract_unsigned_field(dfr0, ID_AA64DFR0_EL1_TraceBuffer_SHIFT) &&
337 	    !(read_sysreg_s(SYS_TRBIDR_EL1) & TRBIDR_EL1_P))
338 		vcpu_set_flag(vcpu, DEBUG_STATE_SAVE_TRBE);
339 }
340 
341 void kvm_arch_vcpu_put_debug_state_flags(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
342 {
343 	vcpu_clear_flag(vcpu, DEBUG_STATE_SAVE_SPE);
344 	vcpu_clear_flag(vcpu, DEBUG_STATE_SAVE_TRBE);
345 }
346