kvm/devices/vcpu.rst

.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

======================
Generic vcpu interface
======================

The virtual cpu "device" also accepts the ioctls KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR,
KVM_GET_DEVICE_ATTR, and KVM_HAS_DEVICE_ATTR. The interface uses the same struct
kvm_device_attr as other devices, but targets VCPU-wide settings and controls.

The groups and attributes per virtual cpu, if any, are architecture specific.

1. GROUP: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_CTRL
==================================

:Architectures: ARM64

1.1. ATTRIBUTE: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_IRQ
---------------------------------------

:Parameters: in kvm_device_attr.addr the address for PMU overflow interrupt is a
	     pointer to an int

Returns:

	 =======  ========================================================
	 -EBUSY   The PMU overflow interrupt is already set
	 -EFAULT  Error reading interrupt number
	 -ENXIO   PMUv3 not supported or the overflow interrupt not set
		  when attempting to get it
	 -ENODEV  KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3 feature missing from VCPU
	 -EINVAL  Invalid PMU overflow interrupt number supplied or
		  trying to set the IRQ number without using an in-kernel
		  irqchip.
	 =======  ========================================================

A value describing the PMUv3 (Performance Monitor Unit v3) overflow interrupt
number for this vcpu. This interrupt could be a PPI or SPI, but the interrupt
type must be same for each vcpu. As a PPI, the interrupt number is the same for
all vcpus, while as an SPI it must be a separate number per vcpu.

For GICv5-based guests, the architected PPI (23) must be used, and must be
communicated as the full GICv5-style Interrupt ID, i.e., 0x20000017. This ioctl
can be omitted altogether for a GICv5-based guest.

1.2 ATTRIBUTE: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_INIT
---------------------------------------

:Parameters: no additional parameter in kvm_device_attr.addr

Returns:

	 =======  ======================================================
	 -EEXIST  Interrupt number already used
	 -ENODEV  PMUv3 not supported or GIC not initialized
	 -ENXIO   PMUv3 not supported, missing VCPU feature, missing
                  hardware PMU, or interrupt number not set (non-GICv5
                  guests, only)
	 -EBUSY   PMUv3 already initialized
	 =======  ======================================================

Request the initialization of the PMUv3.  If using the PMUv3 with an in-kernel
virtual GIC implementation, this must be done after initializing the in-kernel
irqchip.

When the KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_STRICT vCPU feature is enabled this must be done
after selecting a hardware PMU.

1.3 ATTRIBUTE: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_FILTER
-----------------------------------------

:Parameters: in kvm_device_attr.addr the address for a PMU event filter is a
             pointer to a struct kvm_pmu_event_filter

:Returns:

	 =======  ======================================================
	 -ENODEV  PMUv3 not supported or GIC not initialized
	 -ENXIO   PMUv3 not properly configured or in-kernel irqchip not
	 	  configured as required prior to calling this attribute
	 -EBUSY   PMUv3 already initialized or a VCPU has already run
	 -EINVAL  Invalid filter range
	 =======  ======================================================

Request the installation of a PMU event filter described as follows::

    struct kvm_pmu_event_filter {
	    __u16	base_event;
	    __u16	nevents;

    #define KVM_PMU_EVENT_ALLOW	0
    #define KVM_PMU_EVENT_DENY	1

	    __u8	action;
	    __u8	pad[3];
    };

A filter range is defined as the range [@base_event, @base_event + @nevents),
together with an @action (KVM_PMU_EVENT_ALLOW or KVM_PMU_EVENT_DENY). The
first registered range defines the global policy (global ALLOW if the first
@action is DENY, global DENY if the first @action is ALLOW). Multiple ranges
can be programmed, and must fit within the event space defined by the PMU
architecture (10 bits on ARMv8.0, 16 bits from ARMv8.1 onwards).

Note: "Cancelling" a filter by registering the opposite action for the same
range doesn't change the default action. For example, installing an ALLOW
filter for event range [0:10) as the first filter and then applying a DENY
action for the same range will leave the whole range as disabled.

Restrictions: Event 0 (SW_INCR) is never filtered, as it doesn't count a
hardware event. Filtering event 0x1E (CHAIN) has no effect either, as it
isn't strictly speaking an event. Filtering the cycle counter is possible
using event 0x11 (CPU_CYCLES).

When the KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_STRICT vCPU feature is enabled this must be done
after selecting a hardware PMU.

1.4 ATTRIBUTE: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_SET_PMU
------------------------------------------

:Parameters: in kvm_device_attr.addr the address to an int representing the PMU
             identifier.

:Returns:

	 =======  ====================================================
	 -EBUSY   PMUv3 already initialized, a VCPU has already run or
                  an event filter has already been set
	 -EFAULT  Error accessing the PMU identifier
	 -ENXIO   PMU not found
	 -ENODEV  PMUv3 not supported or GIC not initialized
	 -ENOMEM  Could not allocate memory
	 =======  ====================================================

Request that the VCPU uses the specified hardware PMU when creating guest events
for the purpose of PMU emulation. The PMU identifier can be read from the "type"
file for the desired PMU instance under /sys/devices (or, equivalent,
/sys/bus/even_source). This attribute is particularly useful on heterogeneous
systems where there are at least two CPU PMUs on the system. The PMU that is set
for one VCPU will be used by all the other VCPUs. It isn't possible to set a PMU
if a PMU event filter is already present.

Note that KVM will not make any attempts to run the VCPU on the physical CPUs
associated with the PMU specified by this attribute. This is entirely left to
userspace. However, attempting to run the VCPU on a physical CPU not supported
by the PMU will fail and KVM_RUN will return with
exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_FAIL_ENTRY and populate the fail_entry struct by setting
hardare_entry_failure_reason field to KVM_EXIT_FAIL_ENTRY_CPU_UNSUPPORTED and
the cpu field to the processor id.

1.5 ATTRIBUTE: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_SET_NR_COUNTERS
--------------------------------------------------

:Parameters: in kvm_device_attr.addr the address to an unsigned int
	     representing the maximum value taken by PMCR_EL0.N

:Returns:

	 =======  ====================================================
	 -EBUSY   PMUv3 already initialized, a VCPU has already run or
                  an event filter has already been set
	 -EFAULT  Error accessing the value pointed to by addr
	 -ENODEV  PMUv3 not supported or GIC not initialized
	 -EINVAL  No PMUv3 explicitly selected, or value of N out of
	 	  range
	 =======  ====================================================

Set the number of implemented event counters in the virtual PMU. This
mandates that a PMU has explicitly been selected via
KVM_ARM_VCPU_PMU_V3_SET_PMU, and will fail when no PMU has been
explicitly selected, or the number of counters is out of range for the
selected PMU. Selecting a new PMU cancels the effect of setting this
attribute.

2. GROUP: KVM_ARM_VCPU_TIMER_CTRL
=================================

:Architectures: ARM64

2.1. ATTRIBUTES: KVM_ARM_VCPU_TIMER_IRQ_{VTIMER,PTIMER,HVTIMER,HPTIMER}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

:Parameters: in kvm_device_attr.addr the address for the timer interrupt is a
	     pointer to an int

Returns:

	 =======  =================================
	 -EINVAL  Invalid timer interrupt number
	 -EBUSY   One or more VCPUs has already run
	 =======  =================================

A value describing the architected timer interrupt number when connected to an
in-kernel virtual GIC.  These must be a PPI (16 <= intid < 32).  Setting the
attribute overrides the default values (see below).

==============================  ==========================================
KVM_ARM_VCPU_TIMER_IRQ_VTIMER   The EL1 virtual timer intid (default: 27)
KVM_ARM_VCPU_TIMER_IRQ_PTIMER   The EL1 physical timer intid (default: 30)
KVM_ARM_VCPU_TIMER_IRQ_HVTIMER  The EL2 virtual timer intid (default: 28)
KVM_ARM_VCPU_TIMER_IRQ_HPTIMER  The EL2 physical timer intid (default: 26)
==============================  ==========================================

Setting the same PPI for different timers will prevent the VCPUs from running.
Setting the interrupt number on a VCPU configures all VCPUs created at that
time to use the number provided for a given timer, overwriting any previously
configured values on other VCPUs.  Userspace should configure the interrupt
numbers on at least one VCPU after creating all VCPUs and before running any
VCPUs.

.. _kvm_arm_vcpu_pvtime_ctrl:

3. GROUP: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PVTIME_CTRL
==================================

:Architectures: ARM64

3.1 ATTRIBUTE: KVM_ARM_VCPU_PVTIME_IPA
--------------------------------------

:Parameters: 64-bit base address

Returns:

	 =======  ======================================
	 -ENXIO   Stolen time not implemented
	 -EEXIST  Base address already set for this VCPU
	 -EINVAL  Base address not 64 byte aligned
	 =======  ======================================

Specifies the base address of the stolen time structure for this VCPU. The
base address must be 64 byte aligned and exist within a valid guest memory
region. See Documentation/virt/kvm/arm/pvtime.rst for more information
including the layout of the stolen time structure.

4. GROUP: KVM_VCPU_TSC_CTRL
===========================

:Architectures: x86

4.1 ATTRIBUTE: KVM_VCPU_TSC_OFFSET

:Parameters: 64-bit unsigned TSC offset

Returns:

	 ======= ======================================
	 -EFAULT Error reading/writing the provided
		 parameter address.
	 -ENXIO  Attribute not supported
	 ======= ======================================

Specifies the guest's TSC offset relative to the host's TSC. The guest's
TSC is then derived by the following equation:

  guest_tsc = host_tsc + KVM_VCPU_TSC_OFFSET

This attribute is useful to adjust the guest's TSC on live migration,
so that the TSC counts the time during which the VM was paused. The
following describes a possible algorithm to use for this purpose.

From the source VMM process:

1. Invoke the KVM_GET_CLOCK ioctl to record the host TSC (tsc_src),
   kvmclock nanoseconds (guest_src), and host CLOCK_REALTIME nanoseconds
   (host_src).

2. Read the KVM_VCPU_TSC_OFFSET attribute for every vCPU to record the
   guest TSC offset (ofs_src[i]).

3. Invoke the KVM_GET_TSC_KHZ ioctl to record the frequency of the
   guest's TSC (freq).

From the destination VMM process:

4. Invoke the KVM_SET_CLOCK ioctl, providing the source nanoseconds from
   kvmclock (guest_src) and CLOCK_REALTIME (host_src) in their respective
   fields.  Ensure that the KVM_CLOCK_REALTIME flag is set in the provided
   structure.

   KVM will advance the VM's kvmclock to account for elapsed time since
   recording the clock values.  Note that this will cause problems in
   the guest (e.g., timeouts) unless CLOCK_REALTIME is synchronized
   between the source and destination, and a reasonably short time passes
   between the source pausing the VMs and the destination executing
   steps 4-7.

5. Invoke the KVM_GET_CLOCK ioctl to record the host TSC (tsc_dest) and
   kvmclock nanoseconds (guest_dest).

6. Adjust the guest TSC offsets for every vCPU to account for (1) time
   elapsed since recording state and (2) difference in TSCs between the
   source and destination machine:

   ofs_dst[i] = ofs_src[i] -
     (guest_src - guest_dest) * freq +
     (tsc_src - tsc_dest)

   ("ofs[i] + tsc - guest * freq" is the guest TSC value corresponding to
   a time of 0 in kvmclock.  The above formula ensures that it is the
   same on the destination as it was on the source).

7. Write the KVM_VCPU_TSC_OFFSET attribute for every vCPU with the
   respective value derived in the previous step.