1==================================== 2System Suspend and Device Interrupts 3==================================== 4 5Copyright (C) 2014 Intel Corp. 6Author: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> 7 8 9Suspending and Resuming Device IRQs 10----------------------------------- 11 12Device interrupt request lines (IRQs) are generally disabled during system 13suspend after the "late" phase of suspending devices (that is, after all of the 14->prepare, ->suspend and ->suspend_late callbacks have been executed for all 15devices). That is done by suspend_device_irqs(). 16 17The rationale for doing so is that after the "late" phase of device suspend 18there is no legitimate reason why any interrupts from suspended devices should 19trigger and if any devices have not been suspended properly yet, it is better to 20block interrupts from them anyway. Also, in the past we had problems with 21interrupt handlers for shared IRQs that device drivers implementing them were 22not prepared for interrupts triggering after their devices had been suspended. 23In some cases they would attempt to access, for example, memory address spaces 24of suspended devices and cause unpredictable behavior to ensue as a result. 25Unfortunately, such problems are very difficult to debug and the introduction 26of suspend_device_irqs(), along with the "noirq" phase of device suspend and 27resume, was the only practical way to mitigate them. 28 29Device IRQs are re-enabled during system resume, right before the "early" phase 30of resuming devices (that is, before starting to execute ->resume_early 31callbacks for devices). The function doing that is resume_device_irqs(). 32 33 34The IRQF_NO_SUSPEND Flag 35------------------------ 36 37There are interrupts that can legitimately trigger during the entire system 38suspend-resume cycle, including the "noirq" phases of suspending and resuming 39devices as well as during the time when nonboot CPUs are taken offline and 40brought back online. That applies to timer interrupts in the first place, 41but also to IPIs and to some other special-purpose interrupts. 42 43The IRQF_NO_SUSPEND flag is used to indicate that to the IRQ subsystem when 44requesting a special-purpose interrupt. It causes suspend_device_irqs() to 45leave the corresponding IRQ enabled so as to allow the interrupt to work as 46expected during the suspend-resume cycle, but does not guarantee that the 47interrupt will wake the system from a suspended state -- for such cases it is 48necessary to use enable_irq_wake(). 49 50Note that the IRQF_NO_SUSPEND flag affects the entire IRQ and not just one 51user of it. Thus, if the IRQ is shared, all of the interrupt handlers installed 52for it will be executed as usual after suspend_device_irqs(), even if the 53IRQF_NO_SUSPEND flag was not passed to request_irq() (or equivalent) by some of 54the IRQ's users. For this reason, using IRQF_NO_SUSPEND and IRQF_SHARED at the 55same time should be avoided. 56 57 58System Wakeup Interrupts, enable_irq_wake() and disable_irq_wake() 59------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 61System wakeup interrupts generally need to be configured to wake up the system 62from sleep states, especially if they are used for different purposes (e.g. as 63I/O interrupts) in the working state. 64 65That may involve turning on a special signal handling logic within the platform 66(such as an SoC) so that signals from a given line are routed in a different way 67during system sleep so as to trigger a system wakeup when needed. For example, 68the platform may include a dedicated interrupt controller used specifically for 69handling system wakeup events. Then, if a given interrupt line is supposed to 70wake up the system from sleep states, the corresponding input of that interrupt 71controller needs to be enabled to receive signals from the line in question. 72After wakeup, it generally is better to disable that input to prevent the 73dedicated controller from triggering interrupts unnecessarily. 74 75The IRQ subsystem provides two helper functions to be used by device drivers for 76those purposes. Namely, enable_irq_wake() turns on the platform's logic for 77handling the given IRQ as a system wakeup interrupt line and disable_irq_wake() 78turns that logic off. 79 80Calling enable_irq_wake() causes suspend_device_irqs() to treat the given IRQ 81in a special way. Namely, the IRQ remains enabled, by on the first interrupt 82it will be disabled, marked as pending and "suspended" so that it will be 83re-enabled by resume_device_irqs() during the subsequent system resume. Also 84the PM core is notified about the event which causes the system suspend in 85progress to be aborted (that doesn't have to happen immediately, but at one 86of the points where the suspend thread looks for pending wakeup events). 87 88This way every interrupt from a wakeup interrupt source will either cause the 89system suspend currently in progress to be aborted or wake up the system if 90already suspended. However, after suspend_device_irqs() interrupt handlers are 91not executed for system wakeup IRQs. They are only executed for IRQF_NO_SUSPEND 92IRQs at that time, but those IRQs should not be configured for system wakeup 93using enable_irq_wake(). 94 95 96Interrupts and Suspend-to-Idle 97------------------------------ 98 99Suspend-to-idle (also known as the "freeze" sleep state) is a relatively new 100system sleep state that works by idling all of the processors and waiting for 101interrupts right after the "noirq" phase of suspending devices. 102 103Of course, this means that all of the interrupts with the IRQF_NO_SUSPEND flag 104set will bring CPUs out of idle while in that state, but they will not cause the 105IRQ subsystem to trigger a system wakeup. 106 107System wakeup interrupts, in turn, will trigger wakeup from suspend-to-idle in 108analogy with what they do in the full system suspend case. The only difference 109is that the wakeup from suspend-to-idle is signaled using the usual working 110state interrupt delivery mechanisms and doesn't require the platform to use 111any special interrupt handling logic for it to work. 112 113 114IRQF_NO_SUSPEND and enable_irq_wake() 115------------------------------------- 116 117There are very few valid reasons to use both enable_irq_wake() and the 118IRQF_NO_SUSPEND flag on the same IRQ, and it is never valid to use both for the 119same device. 120 121First of all, if the IRQ is not shared, the rules for handling IRQF_NO_SUSPEND 122interrupts (interrupt handlers are invoked after suspend_device_irqs()) are 123directly at odds with the rules for handling system wakeup interrupts (interrupt 124handlers are not invoked after suspend_device_irqs()). 125 126Second, both enable_irq_wake() and IRQF_NO_SUSPEND apply to entire IRQs and not 127to individual interrupt handlers, so sharing an IRQ between a system wakeup 128interrupt source and an IRQF_NO_SUSPEND interrupt source does not generally 129make sense. 130 131In rare cases an IRQ can be shared between a wakeup device driver and an 132IRQF_NO_SUSPEND user. In order for this to be safe, the wakeup device driver 133must be able to discern spurious IRQs from genuine wakeup events (signalling 134the latter to the core with pm_system_wakeup()), must use enable_irq_wake() to 135ensure that the IRQ will function as a wakeup source, and must request the IRQ 136with IRQF_COND_SUSPEND to tell the core that it meets these requirements. If 137these requirements are not met, it is not valid to use IRQF_COND_SUSPEND. 138