1186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab.. _changes: 2186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 39b4ebd98SJonathan CorbetMinimal requirements to compile the Kernel 4186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 6186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIntro 7186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab===== 8186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 9186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThis document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of 105a5866c2SBruno Moreira-Guedessoftware necessary to run the current kernel version. 11186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 12186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThis document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels 13186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehaband therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, 14186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabAxel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the 15186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab'net). 16186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 17186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabCurrent Minimal Requirements 18186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab**************************** 19186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 20186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabUpgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've 21186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabencountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently 22186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabrunning, the suggested command should tell you. 23186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 24186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabAgain, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally 25186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabrunning a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all 269c3c0c20SArnd Bergmannsystems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example, 279c3c0c20SArnd Bergmannyou probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils. 28186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 29186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab====================== =============== ======================================== 30186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab Program Minimal version Command to check the version 31186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab====================== =============== ======================================== 3276ae8474SNick DesaulniersGNU C 5.1 gcc --version 339c1b86f8SNathan ChancellorClang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang --version 34768409cfSMiguel OjedaRust (optional) 1.76.0 rustc --version 3508ab7865SAakash Sen Sharmabindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindgen --version 360715fdb0SMasahiro YamadaGNU make 3.82 make --version 37da4288b9SMasahiro Yamadabash 4.2 bash --version 38e4412739SMasahiro Yamadabinutils 2.25 ld -v 39033dba2eSMasahiro Yamadaflex 2.5.35 flex --version 40033dba2eSMasahiro Yamadabison 2.0 bison --version 41333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de Melopahole 1.16 pahole --version 42821bd43eSThomas Weißschuhutil-linux 2.10o mount --version 43934193a6SRandy Dunlapkmod 13 depmod -V 44186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabe2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V 45186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabjfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V 46186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabreiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V 47186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabxfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V 48186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabsquashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version 49186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabbtrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck 50186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabpcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V 51186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabquota-tools 3.09 quota -V 52186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPPP 2.4.0 pppd --version 53186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabnfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version 54186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabprocps 3.2.0 ps --version 55186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabudev 081 udevd --version 56186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabgrub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version 57186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabmcelog 0.6 mcelog --version 58186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabiptables 1.4.2 iptables -V 59186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabopenssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version 60186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabbc 1.06.95 bc --version 613e893e16SJonathan CorbetSphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx-build --version 6269ef0920SBruno Moreira-Guedescpio any cpio --version 63c584476dSMasahiro YamadaGNU tar 1.28 tar --version 64b230235bSAhmed S. Darwishgtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version 65186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab====================== =============== ======================================== 66186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 67186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation 68186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 69186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabKernel compilation 70186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab****************** 71186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 72186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabGCC 73186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--- 74186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 75186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your 76186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabcomputer. 77186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 783519c4d6SNick DesaulniersClang/LLVM (optional) 793519c4d6SNick Desaulniers--------------------- 803519c4d6SNick Desaulniers 813519c4d6SNick DesaulniersThe latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to 823519c4d6SNick Desaulniers`releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building 833519c4d6SNick Desaulnierskernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds 843519c4d6SNick Desaulniersfrom the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional 853519c4d6SNick Desaulniersdocs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`. 863519c4d6SNick Desaulniers 87d07479b2SMiguel OjedaRust (optional) 88d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda--------------- 89d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 90d07479b2SMiguel OjedaA particular version of the Rust toolchain is required. Newer versions may or 91d07479b2SMiguel Ojedamay not work because the kernel depends on some unstable Rust features, for 92d07479b2SMiguel Ojedathe moment. 93d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 94d07479b2SMiguel OjedaEach Rust toolchain comes with several "components", some of which are required 95d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda(like ``rustc``) and some that are optional. The ``rust-src`` component (which 96d07479b2SMiguel Ojedais optional) needs to be installed to build the kernel. Other components are 97d07479b2SMiguel Ojedauseful for developing. 98d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 99d07479b2SMiguel OjedaPlease see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst for instructions on how to 100d07479b2SMiguel Ojedasatisfy the build requirements of Rust support. In particular, the ``Makefile`` 101d07479b2SMiguel Ojedatarget ``rustavailable`` is useful to check why the Rust toolchain may not 102d07479b2SMiguel Ojedabe detected. 103d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 104d07479b2SMiguel Ojedabindgen (optional) 105d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda------------------ 106d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 107d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindings to the C side of the kernel. 108d07479b2SMiguel OjedaIt depends on ``libclang``. 109d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 110186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabMake 111186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---- 112186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 1130715fdb0SMasahiro YamadaYou will need GNU make 3.82 or later to build the kernel. 114186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 115da4288b9SMasahiro YamadaBash 116da4288b9SMasahiro Yamada---- 117da4288b9SMasahiro Yamada 118da4288b9SMasahiro YamadaSome bash scripts are used for the kernel build. 119da4288b9SMasahiro YamadaBash 4.2 or newer is needed. 120da4288b9SMasahiro Yamada 121186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabBinutils 122186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 123186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 124e4412739SMasahiro YamadaBinutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the kernel. 125186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 1264ab3b801SRandy Dunlappkg-config 1274ab3b801SRandy Dunlap---------- 1284ab3b801SRandy Dunlap 1294ab3b801SRandy DunlapThe build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed 1304ab3b801SRandy Dunlapkconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in 131fd65465bSMasahiro Yamada'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not 1324ab3b801SRandy Dunlapverified or documented. 1334ab3b801SRandy Dunlap 134033dba2eSMasahiro YamadaFlex 135033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada---- 136033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 137033dba2eSMasahiro YamadaSince Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers 138033dba2eSMasahiro Yamadaduring build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later. 139033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 140033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 141033dba2eSMasahiro YamadaBison 142033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada----- 143033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 144033dba2eSMasahiro YamadaSince Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers 145033dba2eSMasahiro Yamadaduring build. This requires bison 2.0 or later. 146033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 14740be2369SThorsten Blumpahole 14840be2369SThorsten Blum------ 149333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de Melo 150333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de MeloSince Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system 151333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de Melogenerates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from kernel 152333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de Melomodules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 or later. 153333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de Melo 154333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de MeloIt is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from 155333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de Melohttps://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. 156333b11e5SArnaldo Carvalho de Melo 157186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPerl 158186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---- 159186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 160186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabYou will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``, 161186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel. 162186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 163186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabBC 164186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-- 165186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 166186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabYou will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher 167186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 168186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 169186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabOpenSSL 170186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------- 171186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 172186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabModule signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and 173186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabcrypto library to do key creation and signature generation. 174186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 175186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabYou will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is 176186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabenabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3 177186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehaband higher. 178186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 179c584476dSMasahiro YamadaTar 180c584476dSMasahiro Yamada--- 181c584476dSMasahiro Yamada 182c584476dSMasahiro YamadaGNU tar is needed if you want to enable access to the kernel headers via sysfs 183c584476dSMasahiro Yamada(CONFIG_IKHEADERS). 184c584476dSMasahiro Yamada 185b230235bSAhmed S. Darwishgtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) 186b230235bSAhmed S. Darwish----------------------------- 187b230235bSAhmed S. Darwish 188b230235bSAhmed S. DarwishThe kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6.6.5 or later to generate 189b230235bSAhmed S. Darwishtag files through ``make gtags``. This is due to its use of the gtags 190b230235bSAhmed S. Darwish``-C (--directory)`` flag. 191186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 192186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabSystem utilities 193186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab**************** 194186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 195186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabArchitectural changes 196186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--------------------- 197186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 198186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabDevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 199e7b4311eSAlexander A. Klimov(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) 200186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 201186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 202186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 203186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabLinux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline 204186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabdocumentation via specially-formatted comments near their 205ff41c419SMauro Carvalho Chehabdefinitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST 206ff41c419SMauro Carvalho Chehabfiles the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can 207ff41c419SMauro Carvalho Chehabthen be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files. 208ff41c419SMauro Carvalho ChehabIn order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need 209ff41c419SMauro Carvalho ChehabSphinx. 210186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 211186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabUtil-linux 212186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---------- 213186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 214186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabNew versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks, 215186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabsupport new options to mount, recognize more supported partition 216821bd43eSThomas Weißschuhtypes, and similar goodies. 217186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabYou'll probably want to upgrade. 218186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 219186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabKsymoops 220186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 221186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 222186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIf the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the 223186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. 224186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIt is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so 225186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabthat it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also 226186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabproduces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel 227186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabis not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and 228186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabreproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops 229186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabwith ksymoops. 230186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 231186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabMkinitrd 232186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 233186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 234186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThese changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that 235186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabmkinitrd be upgraded. 236186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 237186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabE2fsprogs 238186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--------- 239186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 240186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and 241186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabdebugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. 242186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 243186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabJFSutils 244186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 245186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 246186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system. 247186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe following utilities are available: 248186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 249186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check 250186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab and repair a JFS formatted partition. 251186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 252186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition. 253186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 254186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- other file system utilities are also available in this package. 255186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 256186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabReiserfsprogs 257186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------------- 258186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 259186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x 260186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working 261186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabversions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and 262186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. 263186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 264186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabXfsprogs 265186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 266186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 267186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the 268186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is 269186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabarchitecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should 270186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabwork correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or 271186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehablater is recommended, due to some significant improvements). 272186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 273186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPCMCIAutils 274186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab----------- 275186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 276186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up 277186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules 278186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabfor 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug 279186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabsubsystem is used. 280186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 281186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabQuota-tools 282186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab----------- 283186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 284186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabSupport for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use 285186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabthe newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and 286186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabnewer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer 287186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabfrom the table above. 288186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 289186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIntel IA32 microcode 290186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------------------- 291186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 292186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabA driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, 293186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabaccessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using 294186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabudev you may need to:: 295186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 296186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab mkdir /dev/cpu 297186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 298186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 299186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 300186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabas root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to 301186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabget the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. 302186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 303186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabudev 304186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---- 305186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 306186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with 307186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabonly entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic 308186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabfunctionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for 309186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabdevices. 310186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 311186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabFUSE 312186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---- 313186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 314186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabNeeds libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount 315186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehaboptions ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work. 316186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 317186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabNetworking 318186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab********** 319186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 320186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabGeneral changes 321186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--------------- 322186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 323186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIf you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably 324186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabconsider using the network tools from ip-route2. 325186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 326186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPacket Filter / NAT 327186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------------------- 328186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x 329186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabkernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules 330186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabfor 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. 331186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 332186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPPP 333186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--- 334186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 335186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThe PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to 336186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabenable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, 337186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabupgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 338186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 339186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIf you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp 340186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabwhich can be made by:: 341186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 342186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 343186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 344186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabas root. 345186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 346186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabNFS-utils 347186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--------- 348186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 349186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIn ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know 350186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehababout any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This 351186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabinformation would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client 352186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabmounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs 353186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabwould take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``. 354186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 355186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabThis approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct 356186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabwhich is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement 357186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabfail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from 358186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabgetting lots of old entries that never get removed. 359186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 360186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabWith modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd 361186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabwhen it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give 362186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabappropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the 363186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabdependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about 364186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabcurrently active clients. 365186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 366186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabTo enable this new functionality, you need to:: 367186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 368186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 369186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 370186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabbefore running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS 371186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabservices be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where 372186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabthat is possible. 373186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 374186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabmcelog 375186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------ 376186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 377186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabOn x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check 378186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabevents when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors 379186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabreported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. 380186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 381186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabKernel documentation 382186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab******************** 383186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 384186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabSphinx 385186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------ 386186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 387f77af637SFederico VagaPlease see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>` 388b8b07b5cSMauro Carvalho Chehabfor details about Sphinx requirements. 389186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 390d07479b2SMiguel Ojedarustdoc 391d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda------- 392d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 393d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentation for Rust code. Please see 394d07479b2SMiguel OjedaDocumentation/rust/general-information.rst for more information. 395d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 396186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabGetting updated software 397186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab======================== 398186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 399186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabKernel compilation 400186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab****************** 401186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 402186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabgcc 403186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--- 404186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 405186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 406186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 4073519c4d6SNick DesaulniersClang/LLVM 4083519c4d6SNick Desaulniers---------- 4093519c4d6SNick Desaulniers 4103519c4d6SNick Desaulniers- :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 4113519c4d6SNick Desaulniers 412d07479b2SMiguel OjedaRust 413d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda---- 414d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 415d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. 416d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 417d07479b2SMiguel Ojedabindgen 418d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda------- 419d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 420d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. 421d07479b2SMiguel Ojeda 422186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabMake 423186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---- 424186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 425186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 426186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 427da4288b9SMasahiro YamadaBash 428da4288b9SMasahiro Yamada---- 429da4288b9SMasahiro Yamada 430da4288b9SMasahiro Yamada- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> 431da4288b9SMasahiro Yamada 432186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabBinutils 433186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 434186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 4353bdadc86SSeongJae Park- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> 436186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 437033dba2eSMasahiro YamadaFlex 438033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada---- 439033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 440033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada- <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 441033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 442033dba2eSMasahiro YamadaBison 443033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada----- 444033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 445033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 446033dba2eSMasahiro Yamada 447186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabOpenSSL 448186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------- 449186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 450186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- <https://www.openssl.org/> 451186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 452186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabSystem utilities 453186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab**************** 454186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 455186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabUtil-linux 456186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---------- 457186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 4583bdadc86SSeongJae Park- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> 459186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 460934193a6SRandy DunlapKmod 461934193a6SRandy Dunlap---- 462934193a6SRandy Dunlap 463934193a6SRandy Dunlap- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/> 464934193a6SRandy Dunlap- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git> 465934193a6SRandy Dunlap 466186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabKsymoops 467186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 468186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 4693bdadc86SSeongJae Park- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> 470186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 471186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabMkinitrd 472186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 473186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 474186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> 475186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 476186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabE2fsprogs 477186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--------- 478186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 479599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/> 480599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/> 481186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 482186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabJFSutils 483186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 484186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 485383f3088SSeongJae Park- <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> 486186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 487186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabReiserfsprogs 488186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------------- 489186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 490599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/> 491186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 492186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabXfsprogs 493186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 494186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 495599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git> 496599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/> 497186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 498186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPcmciautils 499186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab----------- 500186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 5013bdadc86SSeongJae Park- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> 502186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 503186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabQuota-tools 504186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab----------- 505186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 506383f3088SSeongJae Park- <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> 507186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 508186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 509186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIntel P6 microcode 510186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------------------ 511186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 512186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 513186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 514186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabudev 515186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---- 516186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 517e7b4311eSAlexander A. Klimov- <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html> 518186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 519186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabFUSE 520186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab---- 521186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 52286afad7dSMartin Kepplinger- <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases> 523186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 524186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehabmcelog 525186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------ 526186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 527383f3088SSeongJae Park- <https://www.mcelog.org/> 528186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 52969ef0920SBruno Moreira-Guedescpio 53069ef0920SBruno Moreira-Guedes---- 53169ef0920SBruno Moreira-Guedes 53269ef0920SBruno Moreira-Guedes- <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> 53369ef0920SBruno Moreira-Guedes 534186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabNetworking 535186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab********** 536186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 537186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabPPP 538186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--- 539186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 540599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 541599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 542599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 543186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 544186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabNFS-utils 545186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--------- 546186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 547383f3088SSeongJae Park- <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> 548383f3088SSeongJae Park- <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> 549186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 550186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIptables 551186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 552186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 553599e6f8dSRandy Dunlap- <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html> 554186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 555186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabIp-route2 556186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab--------- 557186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 558186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/> 559186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 560186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabOProfile 561186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab-------- 562186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 563383f3088SSeongJae Park- <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> 564186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 565186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabKernel documentation 566186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab******************** 567186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 568186128f7SMauro Carvalho ChehabSphinx 569186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab------ 570186128f7SMauro Carvalho Chehab 571e7b4311eSAlexander A. Klimov- <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 572