xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/top/machine.c (revision 2b743a9e9ddc6736208dc8ca1ce06ce64ad20a19)
1 /*
2  * top - a top users display for Unix
3  *
4  * SYNOPSIS:  For FreeBSD-2.x and later
5  *
6  * DESCRIPTION:
7  * Originally written for BSD4.4 system by Christos Zoulas.
8  * Ported to FreeBSD 2.x by Steven Wallace && Wolfram Schneider
9  * Order support hacked in from top-3.5beta6/machine/m_aix41.c
10  *   by Monte Mitzelfelt (for latest top see http://www.groupsys.com/topinfo/)
11  *
12  * This is the machine-dependent module for FreeBSD 2.2
13  * Works for:
14  *	FreeBSD 2.2.x, 3.x, 4.x, and probably FreeBSD 2.1.x
15  *
16  * LIBS: -lkvm
17  *
18  * AUTHOR:  Christos Zoulas <christos@ee.cornell.edu>
19  *          Steven Wallace  <swallace@freebsd.org>
20  *          Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>
21  *          Thomas Moestl <tmoestl@gmx.net>
22  *
23  * $FreeBSD$
24  */
25 
26 #include <sys/param.h>
27 #include <sys/errno.h>
28 #include <sys/file.h>
29 #include <sys/proc.h>
30 #include <sys/resource.h>
31 #include <sys/rtprio.h>
32 #include <sys/signal.h>
33 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
34 #include <sys/time.h>
35 #include <sys/user.h>
36 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
37 
38 #include <kvm.h>
39 #include <math.h>
40 #include <nlist.h>
41 #include <paths.h>
42 #include <pwd.h>
43 #include <stdio.h>
44 #include <stdlib.h>
45 #include <string.h>
46 #include <strings.h>
47 #include <unistd.h>
48 
49 #include "top.h"
50 #include "machine.h"
51 #include "screen.h"
52 #include "utils.h"
53 
54 #define GETSYSCTL(name, var) getsysctl(name, &(var), sizeof(var))
55 #define	SMPUNAMELEN	13
56 #define	UPUNAMELEN	15
57 
58 extern struct process_select ps;
59 extern char* printable(char *);
60 static int smpmode;
61 enum displaymodes displaymode;
62 static int namelength = 8;
63 static int cmdlengthdelta;
64 
65 /* Prototypes for top internals */
66 void quit(int);
67 
68 /* get_process_info passes back a handle.  This is what it looks like: */
69 
70 struct handle {
71 	struct kinfo_proc **next_proc;	/* points to next valid proc pointer */
72 	int remaining;			/* number of pointers remaining */
73 };
74 
75 /* declarations for load_avg */
76 #include "loadavg.h"
77 
78 /* define what weighted cpu is.  */
79 #define weighted_cpu(pct, pp) ((pp)->ki_swtime == 0 ? 0.0 : \
80 			 ((pct) / (1.0 - exp((pp)->ki_swtime * logcpu))))
81 
82 /* what we consider to be process size: */
83 #define PROCSIZE(pp) ((pp)->ki_size / 1024)
84 
85 #define RU(pp)	(&(pp)->ki_rusage)
86 #define RUTOT(pp) \
87 	(RU(pp)->ru_inblock + RU(pp)->ru_oublock + RU(pp)->ru_majflt)
88 
89 
90 /* definitions for indices in the nlist array */
91 
92 /*
93  *  These definitions control the format of the per-process area
94  */
95 
96 static char io_header[] =
97     "  PID %-*.*s   VCSW  IVCSW   READ  WRITE  FAULT  TOTAL PERCENT COMMAND";
98 
99 #define io_Proc_format \
100     "%5d %-*.*s %6ld %6ld %6ld %6ld %6ld %6ld %6.2f%% %.*s"
101 
102 static char smp_header_thr[] =
103     "  PID %-*.*s  THR PRI NICE   SIZE    RES STATE  C   TIME %6s COMMAND";
104 static char smp_header[] =
105     "  PID %-*.*s "   "PRI NICE   SIZE    RES STATE  C   TIME %6s COMMAND";
106 
107 #define smp_Proc_format \
108     "%5d %-*.*s %s%3d %4s%7s %6s %-6.6s %1x%7s %5.2f%% %.*s"
109 
110 static char up_header_thr[] =
111     "  PID %-*.*s  THR PRI NICE   SIZE    RES STATE    TIME %6s COMMAND";
112 static char up_header[] =
113     "  PID %-*.*s "   "PRI NICE   SIZE    RES STATE    TIME %6s COMMAND";
114 
115 #define up_Proc_format \
116     "%5d %-*.*s %s%3d %4s%7s %6s %-6.6s%.0d%7s %5.2f%% %.*s"
117 
118 
119 /* process state names for the "STATE" column of the display */
120 /* the extra nulls in the string "run" are for adding a slash and
121    the processor number when needed */
122 
123 char *state_abbrev[] = {
124 	"", "START", "RUN\0\0\0", "SLEEP", "STOP", "ZOMB", "WAIT", "LOCK"
125 };
126 
127 
128 static kvm_t *kd;
129 
130 /* values that we stash away in _init and use in later routines */
131 
132 static double logcpu;
133 
134 /* these are retrieved from the kernel in _init */
135 
136 static load_avg  ccpu;
137 
138 /* these are used in the get_ functions */
139 
140 static int lastpid;
141 
142 /* these are for calculating cpu state percentages */
143 
144 static long cp_time[CPUSTATES];
145 static long cp_old[CPUSTATES];
146 static long cp_diff[CPUSTATES];
147 
148 /* these are for detailing the process states */
149 
150 int process_states[8];
151 char *procstatenames[] = {
152 	"", " starting, ", " running, ", " sleeping, ", " stopped, ",
153 	" zombie, ", " waiting, ", " lock, ",
154 	NULL
155 };
156 
157 /* these are for detailing the cpu states */
158 
159 int cpu_states[CPUSTATES];
160 char *cpustatenames[] = {
161 	"user", "nice", "system", "interrupt", "idle", NULL
162 };
163 
164 /* these are for detailing the memory statistics */
165 
166 int memory_stats[7];
167 char *memorynames[] = {
168 	"K Active, ", "K Inact, ", "K Wired, ", "K Cache, ", "K Buf, ",
169 	"K Free", NULL
170 };
171 
172 int swap_stats[7];
173 char *swapnames[] = {
174 	"K Total, ", "K Used, ", "K Free, ", "% Inuse, ", "K In, ", "K Out",
175 	NULL
176 };
177 
178 
179 /* these are for keeping track of the proc array */
180 
181 static int nproc;
182 static int onproc = -1;
183 static int pref_len;
184 static struct kinfo_proc *pbase;
185 static struct kinfo_proc **pref;
186 static struct kinfo_proc *previous_procs;
187 static struct kinfo_proc **previous_pref;
188 static int previous_proc_count = 0;
189 static int previous_proc_count_max = 0;
190 
191 /* total number of io operations */
192 static long total_inblock;
193 static long total_oublock;
194 static long total_majflt;
195 
196 /* these are for getting the memory statistics */
197 
198 static int pageshift;		/* log base 2 of the pagesize */
199 
200 /* define pagetok in terms of pageshift */
201 
202 #define pagetok(size) ((size) << pageshift)
203 
204 /* useful externals */
205 long percentages();
206 
207 #ifdef ORDER
208 /*
209  * Sorting orders.  The first element is the default.
210  */
211 char *ordernames[] = {
212 	"cpu", "size", "res", "time", "pri", "threads",
213 	"total", "read", "write", "fault", "vcsw", "ivcsw", NULL
214 };
215 #endif
216 
217 static int compare_pid(const void *a, const void *b);
218 static const char *format_nice(const struct kinfo_proc *pp);
219 static void getsysctl(const char *name, void *ptr, size_t len);
220 static int swapmode(int *retavail, int *retfree);
221 
222 int
223 machine_init(struct statics *statics)
224 {
225 	int pagesize;
226 	size_t modelen;
227 	struct passwd *pw;
228 
229 	modelen = sizeof(smpmode);
230 	if ((sysctlbyname("machdep.smp_active", &smpmode, &modelen,
231 	    NULL, 0) != 0 &&
232 	    sysctlbyname("kern.smp.active", &smpmode, &modelen,
233 	    NULL, 0) != 0) ||
234 	    modelen != sizeof(smpmode))
235 		smpmode = 0;
236 
237 	while ((pw = getpwent()) != NULL) {
238 		if (strlen(pw->pw_name) > namelength)
239 			namelength = strlen(pw->pw_name);
240 	}
241 	if (smpmode && namelength > SMPUNAMELEN)
242 		namelength = SMPUNAMELEN;
243 	else if (namelength > UPUNAMELEN)
244 		namelength = UPUNAMELEN;
245 
246 	kd = kvm_open(NULL, _PATH_DEVNULL, NULL, O_RDONLY, "kvm_open");
247 	if (kd == NULL)
248 		return (-1);
249 
250 	GETSYSCTL("kern.ccpu", ccpu);
251 
252 	/* this is used in calculating WCPU -- calculate it ahead of time */
253 	logcpu = log(loaddouble(ccpu));
254 
255 	pbase = NULL;
256 	pref = NULL;
257 	nproc = 0;
258 	onproc = -1;
259 
260 	/* get the page size and calculate pageshift from it */
261 	pagesize = getpagesize();
262 	pageshift = 0;
263 	while (pagesize > 1) {
264 		pageshift++;
265 		pagesize >>= 1;
266 	}
267 
268 	/* we only need the amount of log(2)1024 for our conversion */
269 	pageshift -= LOG1024;
270 
271 	/* fill in the statics information */
272 	statics->procstate_names = procstatenames;
273 	statics->cpustate_names = cpustatenames;
274 	statics->memory_names = memorynames;
275 	statics->swap_names = swapnames;
276 #ifdef ORDER
277 	statics->order_names = ordernames;
278 #endif
279 
280 	/* all done! */
281 	return (0);
282 }
283 
284 char *
285 format_header(char *uname_field)
286 {
287 	static char Header[128];
288 	const char *prehead;
289 
290 	switch (displaymode) {
291 	case DISP_CPU:
292 		/*
293 		 * The logic of picking the right header format seems reverse
294 		 * here because we only want to display a THR column when
295 		 * "thread mode" is off (and threads are not listed as
296 		 * separate lines).
297 		 */
298 		prehead = smpmode ?
299 		    (ps.thread ? smp_header : smp_header_thr) :
300 		    (ps.thread ? up_header : up_header_thr);
301 		snprintf(Header, sizeof(Header), prehead,
302 		    namelength, namelength, uname_field,
303 		    ps.wcpu ? "WCPU" : "CPU");
304 		break;
305 	case DISP_IO:
306 		prehead = io_header;
307 		snprintf(Header, sizeof(Header), prehead,
308 		    namelength, namelength, uname_field);
309 		break;
310 	}
311 	cmdlengthdelta = strlen(Header) - 7;
312 	return (Header);
313 }
314 
315 static int swappgsin = -1;
316 static int swappgsout = -1;
317 extern struct timeval timeout;
318 
319 void
320 get_system_info(struct system_info *si)
321 {
322 	long total;
323 	struct loadavg sysload;
324 	int mib[2];
325 	struct timeval boottime;
326 	size_t bt_size;
327 	int i;
328 
329 	/* get the cp_time array */
330 	GETSYSCTL("kern.cp_time", cp_time);
331 	GETSYSCTL("vm.loadavg", sysload);
332 	GETSYSCTL("kern.lastpid", lastpid);
333 
334 	/* convert load averages to doubles */
335 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
336 		si->load_avg[i] = (double)sysload.ldavg[i] / sysload.fscale;
337 
338 	/* convert cp_time counts to percentages */
339 	total = percentages(CPUSTATES, cpu_states, cp_time, cp_old, cp_diff);
340 
341 	/* sum memory & swap statistics */
342 	{
343 		static unsigned int swap_delay = 0;
344 		static int swapavail = 0;
345 		static int swapfree = 0;
346 		static int bufspace = 0;
347 		static int nspgsin, nspgsout;
348 
349 		GETSYSCTL("vfs.bufspace", bufspace);
350 		GETSYSCTL("vm.stats.vm.v_active_count", memory_stats[0]);
351 		GETSYSCTL("vm.stats.vm.v_inactive_count", memory_stats[1]);
352 		GETSYSCTL("vm.stats.vm.v_wire_count", memory_stats[2]);
353 		GETSYSCTL("vm.stats.vm.v_cache_count", memory_stats[3]);
354 		GETSYSCTL("vm.stats.vm.v_free_count", memory_stats[5]);
355 		GETSYSCTL("vm.stats.vm.v_swappgsin", nspgsin);
356 		GETSYSCTL("vm.stats.vm.v_swappgsout", nspgsout);
357 		/* convert memory stats to Kbytes */
358 		memory_stats[0] = pagetok(memory_stats[0]);
359 		memory_stats[1] = pagetok(memory_stats[1]);
360 		memory_stats[2] = pagetok(memory_stats[2]);
361 		memory_stats[3] = pagetok(memory_stats[3]);
362 		memory_stats[4] = bufspace / 1024;
363 		memory_stats[5] = pagetok(memory_stats[5]);
364 		memory_stats[6] = -1;
365 
366 		/* first interval */
367 		if (swappgsin < 0) {
368 			swap_stats[4] = 0;
369 			swap_stats[5] = 0;
370 		}
371 
372 		/* compute differences between old and new swap statistic */
373 		else {
374 			swap_stats[4] = pagetok(((nspgsin - swappgsin)));
375 			swap_stats[5] = pagetok(((nspgsout - swappgsout)));
376 		}
377 
378 		swappgsin = nspgsin;
379 		swappgsout = nspgsout;
380 
381 		/* call CPU heavy swapmode() only for changes */
382 		if (swap_stats[4] > 0 || swap_stats[5] > 0 || swap_delay == 0) {
383 			swap_stats[3] = swapmode(&swapavail, &swapfree);
384 			swap_stats[0] = swapavail;
385 			swap_stats[1] = swapavail - swapfree;
386 			swap_stats[2] = swapfree;
387 		}
388 		swap_delay = 1;
389 		swap_stats[6] = -1;
390 	}
391 
392 	/* set arrays and strings */
393 	si->cpustates = cpu_states;
394 	si->memory = memory_stats;
395 	si->swap = swap_stats;
396 
397 
398 	if (lastpid > 0) {
399 		si->last_pid = lastpid;
400 	} else {
401 		si->last_pid = -1;
402 	}
403 
404 	/*
405 	 * Print how long system has been up.
406 	 * (Found by looking getting "boottime" from the kernel)
407 	 */
408 	mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
409 	mib[1] = KERN_BOOTTIME;
410 	bt_size = sizeof(boottime);
411 	if (sysctl(mib, 2, &boottime, &bt_size, NULL, 0) != -1 &&
412 	    boottime.tv_sec != 0) {
413 		si->boottime = boottime;
414 	} else {
415 		si->boottime.tv_sec = -1;
416 	}
417 }
418 
419 #define NOPROC	((void *)-1)
420 
421 /*
422  * We need to compare data from the old process entry with the new
423  * process entry.
424  * To facilitate doing this quickly we stash a pointer in the kinfo_proc
425  * structure to cache the mapping.  We also use a negative cache pointer
426  * of NOPROC to avoid duplicate lookups.
427  * XXX: this could be done when the actual processes are fetched, we do
428  * it here out of laziness.
429  */
430 const struct kinfo_proc *
431 get_old_proc(struct kinfo_proc *pp)
432 {
433 	struct kinfo_proc **oldpp, *oldp;
434 
435 	/*
436 	 * If this is the first fetch of the kinfo_procs then we don't have
437 	 * any previous entries.
438 	 */
439 	if (previous_proc_count == 0)
440 		return (NULL);
441 	/* negative cache? */
442 	if (pp->ki_udata == NOPROC)
443 		return (NULL);
444 	/* cached? */
445 	if (pp->ki_udata != NULL)
446 		return (pp->ki_udata);
447 	/*
448 	 * Not cached,
449 	 * 1) look up based on pid.
450 	 * 2) compare process start.
451 	 * If we fail here, then setup a negative cache entry, otherwise
452 	 * cache it.
453 	 */
454 	oldpp = bsearch(&pp, previous_pref, previous_proc_count,
455 	    sizeof(*previous_pref), compare_pid);
456 	if (oldpp == NULL) {
457 		pp->ki_udata = NOPROC;
458 		return (NULL);
459 	}
460 	oldp = *oldpp;
461 	if (bcmp(&oldp->ki_start, &pp->ki_start, sizeof(pp->ki_start)) != 0) {
462 		pp->ki_udata = NOPROC;
463 		return (NULL);
464 	}
465 	pp->ki_udata = oldp;
466 	return (oldp);
467 }
468 
469 /*
470  * Return the total amount of IO done in blocks in/out and faults.
471  * store the values individually in the pointers passed in.
472  */
473 long
474 get_io_stats(struct kinfo_proc *pp, long *inp, long *oup, long *flp,
475     long *vcsw, long *ivcsw)
476 {
477 	const struct kinfo_proc *oldp;
478 	static struct kinfo_proc dummy;
479 	long ret;
480 
481 	oldp = get_old_proc(pp);
482 	if (oldp == NULL) {
483 		bzero(&dummy, sizeof(dummy));
484 		oldp = &dummy;
485 	}
486 	*inp = RU(pp)->ru_inblock - RU(oldp)->ru_inblock;
487 	*oup = RU(pp)->ru_oublock - RU(oldp)->ru_oublock;
488 	*flp = RU(pp)->ru_majflt - RU(oldp)->ru_majflt;
489 	*vcsw = RU(pp)->ru_nvcsw - RU(oldp)->ru_nvcsw;
490 	*ivcsw = RU(pp)->ru_nivcsw - RU(oldp)->ru_nivcsw;
491 	ret =
492 	    (RU(pp)->ru_inblock - RU(oldp)->ru_inblock) +
493 	    (RU(pp)->ru_oublock - RU(oldp)->ru_oublock) +
494 	    (RU(pp)->ru_majflt - RU(oldp)->ru_majflt);
495 	return (ret);
496 }
497 
498 /*
499  * Return the total number of block in/out and faults by a process.
500  */
501 long
502 get_io_total(struct kinfo_proc *pp)
503 {
504 	long dummy;
505 
506 	return (get_io_stats(pp, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy));
507 }
508 
509 static struct handle handle;
510 
511 caddr_t
512 get_process_info(struct system_info *si, struct process_select *sel,
513     int (*compare)(const void *, const void *))
514 {
515 	int i;
516 	int total_procs;
517 	long p_io;
518 	long p_inblock, p_oublock, p_majflt, p_vcsw, p_ivcsw;
519 	int active_procs;
520 	struct kinfo_proc **prefp;
521 	struct kinfo_proc *pp;
522 	struct kinfo_proc *prev_pp = NULL;
523 
524 	/* these are copied out of sel for speed */
525 	int show_idle;
526 	int show_self;
527 	int show_system;
528 	int show_uid;
529 	int show_command;
530 
531 	/*
532 	 * Save the previous process info.
533 	 */
534 	if (previous_proc_count_max < nproc) {
535 		free(previous_procs);
536 		previous_procs = malloc(nproc * sizeof(*previous_procs));
537 		free(previous_pref);
538 		previous_pref = malloc(nproc * sizeof(*previous_pref));
539 		if (previous_procs == NULL || previous_pref == NULL) {
540 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "top: Out of memory.\n");
541 			quit(23);
542 		}
543 		previous_proc_count_max = nproc;
544 	}
545 	if (nproc) {
546 		for (i = 0; i < nproc; i++)
547 			previous_pref[i] = &previous_procs[i];
548 		bcopy(pbase, previous_procs, nproc * sizeof(*previous_procs));
549 		qsort(previous_pref, nproc, sizeof(*previous_pref),
550 		    compare_pid);
551 	}
552 	previous_proc_count = nproc;
553 
554 	pbase = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_ALL, 0, &nproc);
555 	if (nproc > onproc)
556 		pref = realloc(pref, sizeof(*pref) * (onproc = nproc));
557 	if (pref == NULL || pbase == NULL) {
558 		(void) fprintf(stderr, "top: Out of memory.\n");
559 		quit(23);
560 	}
561 	/* get a pointer to the states summary array */
562 	si->procstates = process_states;
563 
564 	/* set up flags which define what we are going to select */
565 	show_idle = sel->idle;
566 	show_self = sel->self == -1;
567 	show_system = sel->system;
568 	show_uid = sel->uid != -1;
569 	show_command = sel->command != NULL;
570 
571 	/* count up process states and get pointers to interesting procs */
572 	total_procs = 0;
573 	active_procs = 0;
574 	total_inblock = 0;
575 	total_oublock = 0;
576 	total_majflt = 0;
577 	memset((char *)process_states, 0, sizeof(process_states));
578 	prefp = pref;
579 	for (pp = pbase, i = 0; i < nproc; pp++, i++) {
580 
581 		if (pp->ki_stat == 0)
582 			/* not in use */
583 			continue;
584 
585 		if (!show_self && pp->ki_pid == sel->self)
586 			/* skip self */
587 			continue;
588 
589 		if (!show_system && (pp->ki_flag & P_SYSTEM))
590 			/* skip system process */
591 			continue;
592 
593 		p_io = get_io_stats(pp, &p_inblock, &p_oublock, &p_majflt,
594 		    &p_vcsw, &p_ivcsw);
595 		total_inblock += p_inblock;
596 		total_oublock += p_oublock;
597 		total_majflt += p_majflt;
598 		total_procs++;
599 		process_states[pp->ki_stat]++;
600 
601 		if (pp->ki_stat == SZOMB)
602 			/* skip zombies */
603 			continue;
604 
605 		if (displaymode == DISP_CPU && !show_idle &&
606 		    (pp->ki_pctcpu == 0 ||
607 		     pp->ki_stat == SSTOP || pp->ki_stat == SIDL))
608 			/* skip idle or non-running processes */
609 			continue;
610 
611 		if (displaymode == DISP_IO && !show_idle && p_io == 0)
612 			/* skip processes that aren't doing I/O */
613 			continue;
614 
615 		if (show_uid && pp->ki_ruid != (uid_t)sel->uid)
616 			/* skip proc. that don't belong to the selected UID */
617 			continue;
618 
619 		/*
620 		 * When not showing threads, take the first thread
621 		 * for output and add the fields that we can from
622 		 * the rest of the process's threads rather than
623 		 * using the system's mostly-broken KERN_PROC_PROC.
624 		 */
625 		if (sel->thread || prev_pp == NULL ||
626 		    prev_pp->ki_pid != pp->ki_pid) {
627 			*prefp++ = pp;
628 			active_procs++;
629 			prev_pp = pp;
630 		} else {
631 			prev_pp->ki_pctcpu += pp->ki_pctcpu;
632 		}
633 	}
634 
635 	/* if requested, sort the "interesting" processes */
636 	if (compare != NULL)
637 		qsort(pref, active_procs, sizeof(*pref), compare);
638 
639 	/* remember active and total counts */
640 	si->p_total = total_procs;
641 	si->p_active = pref_len = active_procs;
642 
643 	/* pass back a handle */
644 	handle.next_proc = pref;
645 	handle.remaining = active_procs;
646 	return ((caddr_t)&handle);
647 }
648 
649 static char fmt[128];	/* static area where result is built */
650 
651 char *
652 format_next_process(caddr_t handle, char *(*get_userid)(int))
653 {
654 	struct kinfo_proc *pp;
655 	const struct kinfo_proc *oldp;
656 	long cputime;
657 	double pct;
658 	struct handle *hp;
659 	char status[16];
660 	int state;
661 	struct rusage ru, *rup;
662 	long p_tot, s_tot;
663 	char *proc_fmt, thr_buf[6];
664 
665 	/* find and remember the next proc structure */
666 	hp = (struct handle *)handle;
667 	pp = *(hp->next_proc++);
668 	hp->remaining--;
669 
670 	/* get the process's command name */
671 	if ((pp->ki_sflag & PS_INMEM) == 0) {
672 		/*
673 		 * Print swapped processes as <pname>
674 		 */
675 		size_t len;
676 
677 		len = strlen(pp->ki_comm);
678 		if (len > sizeof(pp->ki_comm) - 3)
679 			len = sizeof(pp->ki_comm) - 3;
680 		memmove(pp->ki_comm + 1, pp->ki_comm, len);
681 		pp->ki_comm[0] = '<';
682 		pp->ki_comm[len + 1] = '>';
683 		pp->ki_comm[len + 2] = '\0';
684 	}
685 
686 	/*
687 	 * Convert the process's runtime from microseconds to seconds.  This
688 	 * time includes the interrupt time although that is not wanted here.
689 	 * ps(1) is similarly sloppy.
690 	 */
691 	cputime = (pp->ki_runtime + 500000) / 1000000;
692 
693 	/* calculate the base for cpu percentages */
694 	pct = pctdouble(pp->ki_pctcpu);
695 
696 	/* generate "STATE" field */
697 	switch (state = pp->ki_stat) {
698 	case SRUN:
699 		if (smpmode && pp->ki_oncpu != 0xff)
700 			sprintf(status, "CPU%d", pp->ki_oncpu);
701 		else
702 			strcpy(status, "RUN");
703 		break;
704 	case SLOCK:
705 		if (pp->ki_kiflag & KI_LOCKBLOCK) {
706 			sprintf(status, "*%.6s", pp->ki_lockname);
707 			break;
708 		}
709 		/* fall through */
710 	case SSLEEP:
711 		if (pp->ki_wmesg != NULL) {
712 			sprintf(status, "%.6s", pp->ki_wmesg);
713 			break;
714 		}
715 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
716 	default:
717 
718 		if (state >= 0 &&
719 		    state < sizeof(state_abbrev) / sizeof(*state_abbrev))
720 			sprintf(status, "%.6s", state_abbrev[state]);
721 		else
722 			sprintf(status, "?%5d", state);
723 		break;
724 	}
725 
726 	if (displaymode == DISP_IO) {
727 		oldp = get_old_proc(pp);
728 		if (oldp != NULL) {
729 			ru.ru_inblock = RU(pp)->ru_inblock -
730 			    RU(oldp)->ru_inblock;
731 			ru.ru_oublock = RU(pp)->ru_oublock -
732 			    RU(oldp)->ru_oublock;
733 			ru.ru_majflt = RU(pp)->ru_majflt - RU(oldp)->ru_majflt;
734 			ru.ru_nvcsw = RU(pp)->ru_nvcsw - RU(oldp)->ru_nvcsw;
735 			ru.ru_nivcsw = RU(pp)->ru_nivcsw - RU(oldp)->ru_nivcsw;
736 			rup = &ru;
737 		} else {
738 			rup = RU(pp);
739 		}
740 		p_tot = rup->ru_inblock + rup->ru_oublock + rup->ru_majflt;
741 		s_tot = total_inblock + total_oublock + total_majflt;
742 
743 		sprintf(fmt, io_Proc_format,
744 		    pp->ki_pid,
745 		    namelength, namelength, (*get_userid)(pp->ki_ruid),
746 		    rup->ru_nvcsw,
747 		    rup->ru_nivcsw,
748 		    rup->ru_inblock,
749 		    rup->ru_oublock,
750 		    rup->ru_majflt,
751 		    p_tot,
752 		    s_tot == 0 ? 0.0 : (p_tot * 100.0 / s_tot),
753 		    screen_width > cmdlengthdelta ?
754 		    screen_width - cmdlengthdelta : 0,
755 		    printable(pp->ki_comm));
756 		return (fmt);
757 	}
758 
759 	/* format this entry */
760 	proc_fmt = smpmode ? smp_Proc_format : up_Proc_format;
761 	if (ps.thread != 0)
762 		thr_buf[0] = '\0';
763 	else
764 		snprintf(thr_buf, sizeof(thr_buf), "%*d ",
765 		    sizeof(thr_buf) - 2, pp->ki_numthreads);
766 
767 	sprintf(fmt, proc_fmt,
768 	    pp->ki_pid,
769 	    namelength, namelength, (*get_userid)(pp->ki_ruid),
770 	    thr_buf,
771 	    pp->ki_pri.pri_level - PZERO,
772 	    format_nice(pp),
773 	    format_k2(PROCSIZE(pp)),
774 	    format_k2(pagetok(pp->ki_rssize)),
775 	    status,
776 	    smpmode ? pp->ki_lastcpu : 0,
777 	    format_time(cputime),
778 	    ps.wcpu ? 100.0 * weighted_cpu(pct, pp) : 100.0 * pct,
779 	    screen_width > cmdlengthdelta ? screen_width - cmdlengthdelta : 0,
780 	    printable(pp->ki_comm));
781 
782 	/* return the result */
783 	return (fmt);
784 }
785 
786 static void
787 getsysctl(const char *name, void *ptr, size_t len)
788 {
789 	size_t nlen = len;
790 
791 	if (sysctlbyname(name, ptr, &nlen, NULL, 0) == -1) {
792 		fprintf(stderr, "top: sysctl(%s...) failed: %s\n", name,
793 		    strerror(errno));
794 		quit(23);
795 	}
796 	if (nlen != len) {
797 		fprintf(stderr, "top: sysctl(%s...) expected %lu, got %lu\n",
798 		    name, (unsigned long)len, (unsigned long)nlen);
799 		quit(23);
800 	}
801 }
802 
803 static const char *
804 format_nice(const struct kinfo_proc *pp)
805 {
806 	const char *fifo, *kthread;
807 	int rtpri;
808 	static char nicebuf[4 + 1];
809 
810 	fifo = PRI_NEED_RR(pp->ki_pri.pri_class) ? "" : "F";
811 	kthread = (pp->ki_flag & P_KTHREAD) ? "k" : "";
812 	switch (PRI_BASE(pp->ki_pri.pri_class)) {
813 	case PRI_ITHD:
814 		return ("-");
815 	case PRI_REALTIME:
816 		rtpri = pp->ki_pri.pri_level - PRI_MIN_REALTIME;
817 		snprintf(nicebuf, sizeof(nicebuf), "%sr%d%s",
818 		    kthread, rtpri, fifo);
819 		break;
820 	case PRI_TIMESHARE:
821 		if (pp->ki_flag & P_KTHREAD)
822 			return ("-");
823 		snprintf(nicebuf, sizeof(nicebuf), "%d", pp->ki_nice - NZERO);
824 		break;
825 	case PRI_IDLE:
826 		rtpri = pp->ki_pri.pri_level - PRI_MIN_IDLE;
827 		snprintf(nicebuf, sizeof(nicebuf), "%si%d%s",
828 		    kthread, rtpri, fifo);
829 		break;
830 	default:
831 		return ("?");
832 	}
833 	return (nicebuf);
834 }
835 
836 /* comparison routines for qsort */
837 
838 static int
839 compare_pid(const void *p1, const void *p2)
840 {
841 	const struct kinfo_proc * const *pp1 = p1;
842 	const struct kinfo_proc * const *pp2 = p2;
843 
844 	if ((*pp2)->ki_pid < 0 || (*pp1)->ki_pid < 0)
845 		abort();
846 
847 	return ((*pp1)->ki_pid - (*pp2)->ki_pid);
848 }
849 
850 /*
851  *  proc_compare - comparison function for "qsort"
852  *	Compares the resource consumption of two processes using five
853  *	distinct keys.  The keys (in descending order of importance) are:
854  *	percent cpu, cpu ticks, state, resident set size, total virtual
855  *	memory usage.  The process states are ordered as follows (from least
856  *	to most important):  WAIT, zombie, sleep, stop, start, run.  The
857  *	array declaration below maps a process state index into a number
858  *	that reflects this ordering.
859  */
860 
861 static int sorted_state[] = {
862 	0,	/* not used		*/
863 	3,	/* sleep		*/
864 	1,	/* ABANDONED (WAIT)	*/
865 	6,	/* run			*/
866 	5,	/* start		*/
867 	2,	/* zombie		*/
868 	4	/* stop			*/
869 };
870 
871 
872 #define ORDERKEY_PCTCPU(a, b) do { \
873 	long diff; \
874 	if (ps.wcpu) \
875 		diff = floor(1.0E6 * weighted_cpu(pctdouble((b)->ki_pctcpu), \
876 		    (b))) - \
877 		    floor(1.0E6 * weighted_cpu(pctdouble((a)->ki_pctcpu), \
878 		    (a))); \
879 	else \
880 		diff = (long)(b)->ki_pctcpu - (long)(a)->ki_pctcpu; \
881 	if (diff != 0) \
882 		return (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1); \
883 } while (0)
884 
885 #define ORDERKEY_CPTICKS(a, b) do { \
886 	int64_t diff = (int64_t)(b)->ki_runtime - (int64_t)(a)->ki_runtime; \
887 	if (diff != 0) \
888 		return (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1); \
889 } while (0)
890 
891 #define ORDERKEY_STATE(a, b) do { \
892 	int diff = sorted_state[(b)->ki_stat] - sorted_state[(a)->ki_stat]; \
893 	if (diff != 0) \
894 		return (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1); \
895 } while (0)
896 
897 #define ORDERKEY_PRIO(a, b) do { \
898 	int diff = (int)(b)->ki_pri.pri_level - (int)(a)->ki_pri.pri_level; \
899 	if (diff != 0) \
900 		return (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1); \
901 } while (0)
902 
903 #define	ORDERKEY_THREADS(a, b) do { \
904 	int diff = (int)(b)->ki_numthreads - (int)(a)->ki_numthreads; \
905 	if (diff != 0) \
906 		return (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1); \
907 } while (0)
908 
909 #define ORDERKEY_RSSIZE(a, b) do { \
910 	long diff = (long)(b)->ki_rssize - (long)(a)->ki_rssize; \
911 	if (diff != 0) \
912 		return (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1); \
913 } while (0)
914 
915 #define ORDERKEY_MEM(a, b) do { \
916 	long diff = (long)PROCSIZE((b)) - (long)PROCSIZE((a)); \
917 	if (diff != 0) \
918 		return (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1); \
919 } while (0)
920 
921 /* compare_cpu - the comparison function for sorting by cpu percentage */
922 
923 int
924 #ifdef ORDER
925 compare_cpu(void *arg1, void *arg2)
926 #else
927 proc_compare(void *arg1, void *arg2)
928 #endif
929 {
930 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
931 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
932 
933 	ORDERKEY_PCTCPU(p1, p2);
934 	ORDERKEY_CPTICKS(p1, p2);
935 	ORDERKEY_STATE(p1, p2);
936 	ORDERKEY_PRIO(p1, p2);
937 	ORDERKEY_RSSIZE(p1, p2);
938 	ORDERKEY_MEM(p1, p2);
939 
940 	return (0);
941 }
942 
943 #ifdef ORDER
944 /* "cpu" compare routines */
945 int compare_size(), compare_res(), compare_time(), compare_prio(),
946     compare_threads();
947 
948 /*
949  * "io" compare routines.  Context switches aren't i/o, but are displayed
950  * on the "io" display.
951  */
952 int compare_iototal(), compare_ioread(), compare_iowrite(), compare_iofault(),
953     compare_vcsw(), compare_ivcsw();
954 
955 int (*compares[])() = {
956 	compare_cpu,
957 	compare_size,
958 	compare_res,
959 	compare_time,
960 	compare_prio,
961 	compare_threads,
962 	compare_iototal,
963 	compare_ioread,
964 	compare_iowrite,
965 	compare_iofault,
966 	compare_vcsw,
967 	compare_ivcsw,
968 	NULL
969 };
970 
971 /* compare_size - the comparison function for sorting by total memory usage */
972 
973 int
974 compare_size(void *arg1, void *arg2)
975 {
976 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
977 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
978 
979 	ORDERKEY_MEM(p1, p2);
980 	ORDERKEY_RSSIZE(p1, p2);
981 	ORDERKEY_PCTCPU(p1, p2);
982 	ORDERKEY_CPTICKS(p1, p2);
983 	ORDERKEY_STATE(p1, p2);
984 	ORDERKEY_PRIO(p1, p2);
985 
986 	return (0);
987 }
988 
989 /* compare_res - the comparison function for sorting by resident set size */
990 
991 int
992 compare_res(void *arg1, void *arg2)
993 {
994 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
995 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
996 
997 	ORDERKEY_RSSIZE(p1, p2);
998 	ORDERKEY_MEM(p1, p2);
999 	ORDERKEY_PCTCPU(p1, p2);
1000 	ORDERKEY_CPTICKS(p1, p2);
1001 	ORDERKEY_STATE(p1, p2);
1002 	ORDERKEY_PRIO(p1, p2);
1003 
1004 	return (0);
1005 }
1006 
1007 /* compare_time - the comparison function for sorting by total cpu time */
1008 
1009 int
1010 compare_time(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1011 {
1012 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1013 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1014 
1015 	ORDERKEY_CPTICKS(p1, p2);
1016 	ORDERKEY_PCTCPU(p1, p2);
1017 	ORDERKEY_STATE(p1, p2);
1018 	ORDERKEY_PRIO(p1, p2);
1019 	ORDERKEY_RSSIZE(p1, p2);
1020 	ORDERKEY_MEM(p1, p2);
1021 
1022 	return (0);
1023 }
1024 
1025 /* compare_prio - the comparison function for sorting by priority */
1026 
1027 int
1028 compare_prio(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1029 {
1030 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1031 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1032 
1033 	ORDERKEY_PRIO(p1, p2);
1034 	ORDERKEY_CPTICKS(p1, p2);
1035 	ORDERKEY_PCTCPU(p1, p2);
1036 	ORDERKEY_STATE(p1, p2);
1037 	ORDERKEY_RSSIZE(p1, p2);
1038 	ORDERKEY_MEM(p1, p2);
1039 
1040 	return (0);
1041 }
1042 
1043 /* compare_threads - the comparison function for sorting by threads */
1044 int
1045 compare_threads(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1046 {
1047 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1048 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1049 
1050 	ORDERKEY_THREADS(p1, p2);
1051 	ORDERKEY_PCTCPU(p1, p2);
1052 	ORDERKEY_CPTICKS(p1, p2);
1053 	ORDERKEY_STATE(p1, p2);
1054 	ORDERKEY_PRIO(p1, p2);
1055 	ORDERKEY_RSSIZE(p1, p2);
1056 	ORDERKEY_MEM(p1, p2);
1057 
1058 	return (0);
1059 }
1060 #endif /* ORDER */
1061 
1062 /* assorted comparison functions for sorting by i/o */
1063 
1064 int
1065 #ifdef ORDER
1066 compare_iototal(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1067 #else
1068 io_compare(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1069 #endif
1070 {
1071 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1072 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1073 
1074 	return (get_io_total(p2) - get_io_total(p1));
1075 }
1076 
1077 #ifdef ORDER
1078 int
1079 compare_ioread(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1080 {
1081 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1082 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1083 	long dummy, inp1, inp2;
1084 
1085 	(void) get_io_stats(p1, &inp1, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy);
1086 	(void) get_io_stats(p2, &inp2, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy);
1087 
1088 	return (inp2 - inp1);
1089 }
1090 
1091 int
1092 compare_iowrite(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1093 {
1094 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1095 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1096 	long dummy, oup1, oup2;
1097 
1098 	(void) get_io_stats(p1, &dummy, &oup1, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy);
1099 	(void) get_io_stats(p2, &dummy, &oup2, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy);
1100 
1101 	return (oup2 - oup1);
1102 }
1103 
1104 int
1105 compare_iofault(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1106 {
1107 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1108 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1109 	long dummy, flp1, flp2;
1110 
1111 	(void) get_io_stats(p1, &dummy, &dummy, &flp1, &dummy, &dummy);
1112 	(void) get_io_stats(p2, &dummy, &dummy, &flp2, &dummy, &dummy);
1113 
1114 	return (flp2 - flp1);
1115 }
1116 
1117 int
1118 compare_vcsw(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1119 {
1120 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1121 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1122 	long dummy, flp1, flp2;
1123 
1124 	(void) get_io_stats(p1, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &flp1, &dummy);
1125 	(void) get_io_stats(p2, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &flp2, &dummy);
1126 
1127 	return (flp2 - flp1);
1128 }
1129 
1130 int
1131 compare_ivcsw(void *arg1, void *arg2)
1132 {
1133 	struct kinfo_proc *p1 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg1;
1134 	struct kinfo_proc *p2 = *(struct kinfo_proc **)arg2;
1135 	long dummy, flp1, flp2;
1136 
1137 	(void) get_io_stats(p1, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &flp1);
1138 	(void) get_io_stats(p2, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &flp2);
1139 
1140 	return (flp2 - flp1);
1141 }
1142 #endif /* ORDER */
1143 
1144 /*
1145  * proc_owner(pid) - returns the uid that owns process "pid", or -1 if
1146  *		the process does not exist.
1147  *		It is EXTREMLY IMPORTANT that this function work correctly.
1148  *		If top runs setuid root (as in SVR4), then this function
1149  *		is the only thing that stands in the way of a serious
1150  *		security problem.  It validates requests for the "kill"
1151  *		and "renice" commands.
1152  */
1153 
1154 int
1155 proc_owner(int pid)
1156 {
1157 	int cnt;
1158 	struct kinfo_proc **prefp;
1159 	struct kinfo_proc *pp;
1160 
1161 	prefp = pref;
1162 	cnt = pref_len;
1163 	while (--cnt >= 0) {
1164 		pp = *prefp++;
1165 		if (pp->ki_pid == (pid_t)pid)
1166 			return ((int)pp->ki_ruid);
1167 	}
1168 	return (-1);
1169 }
1170 
1171 static int
1172 swapmode(int *retavail, int *retfree)
1173 {
1174 	int n;
1175 	int pagesize = getpagesize();
1176 	struct kvm_swap swapary[1];
1177 
1178 	*retavail = 0;
1179 	*retfree = 0;
1180 
1181 #define CONVERT(v)	((quad_t)(v) * pagesize / 1024)
1182 
1183 	n = kvm_getswapinfo(kd, swapary, 1, 0);
1184 	if (n < 0 || swapary[0].ksw_total == 0)
1185 		return (0);
1186 
1187 	*retavail = CONVERT(swapary[0].ksw_total);
1188 	*retfree = CONVERT(swapary[0].ksw_total - swapary[0].ksw_used);
1189 
1190 	n = (int)(swapary[0].ksw_used * 100.0 / swapary[0].ksw_total);
1191 	return (n);
1192 }
1193