usr.bin/mail/mail.1

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.Dd August 8, 2018
.Dt MAIL 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm mail ,
.Nm Mail ,
.Nm mailx
.Nd send and receive mail
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl dEiInv
.Op Fl s Ar subject
.Op Fl c Ar cc-addr
.Op Fl b Ar bcc-addr
.Op Fl F
.Ar to-addr ...
.Op Fl Ar sendmail-option ...
.Nm
.Op Fl dEHiInNv
.Op Fl F
.Fl f
.Op Ar name
.Nm
.Op Fl dEHiInNv
.Op Fl F
.Op Fl u Ar user
.Nm
.Op Fl d
.Fl e
.Op Fl f Ar name
.Sh INTRODUCTION
The
.Nm
utility is an intelligent mail processing system, which has
a command syntax reminiscent of
.Xr ed 1
with lines replaced by messages.
.Pp
The following options are available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl v
Verbose mode.
The details of
delivery are displayed on the user's terminal.
.It Fl d
Debugging mode.
See the
.Va debug
mail option for details.
.It Fl e
Test for the presence of mail in the (by default, system)
mailbox.
An exit status of 0 is returned if
it has mail; otherwise, an exit status
of 1 is returned.
.It Fl H
Write a header summary only, then exit.
.It Fl E
Do not send messages with an empty body.
This is useful for piping errors from
.Xr cron 8
scripts.
.It Fl i
Ignore tty interrupt signals.
This is
particularly useful when using
.Nm
on noisy phone lines.
.It Fl I
Force
.Nm
to run in interactive mode even when
input is not a terminal.
In particular, the
.Ql ~
special
character when sending mail is only active in interactive mode.
.It Fl n
Inhibit reading the system-wide
.Pa mail.rc
files upon startup.
.It Fl N
Inhibit the initial display of message headers
when reading mail or editing a mail folder.
.It Fl s Ar subject
Specify
.Ar subject
on command line.
(Only the first argument after the
.Fl s
flag is used as a subject; be careful to quote subjects
containing spaces.)
.It Fl c Ar cc-addr
Send carbon copies to
.Ar cc-addr
list of users.
The
.Ar cc-addr
argument should be a comma-separated list of names.
.It Fl b Ar bcc-addr
Send blind carbon copies to
.Ar bcc-addr
list of users.
The
.Ar bcc-addr
argument should be a comma-separated list of names.
.It Fl f Op Ar mbox
Read in the contents of your
.Pa mbox
(or the specified file)
for processing; when you
.Ic quit ,
.Nm
writes undeleted messages back to this file.
.It Fl F
Record the message in a file named after the first
recipient.
The name is the login-name portion of the
address found first on the
.Dq Li To:
line in the mail header.
Overrides the
.Va record
variable, if set.
.It Fl u Ar user
Is equivalent to:
.Pp
.Dl "mail -f /var/mail/user"
.El
.Ss "Startup Actions"
At startup time
.Nm
will execute commands in the system command files
.Pa /usr/share/misc/mail.rc ,
.Pa /usr/local/etc/mail.rc
and
.Pa /etc/mail.rc
in order, unless explicitly told not to by the use of the
.Fl n
option.
Next, the commands in the user's personal command file
.Pa ~/.mailrc
are executed.
The
.Nm
utility then examines its command line options to determine whether a
new message is to be sent, or whether an existing mailbox is to
be read.
.Ss "Sending Mail"
To send a message to one or more people,
.Nm
can be invoked with arguments which are the names of people to
whom the mail will be sent.
You are then expected to type in
your message, followed
by a
.Aq Li control-D
at the beginning of a line.
The section below
.Sx "Replying To or Originating Mail" ,
describes some features of
.Nm
available to help you compose your letter.
.Ss "Reading Mail"
In normal usage
.Nm
is given no arguments and checks your mail out of the
post office, then
prints out a one line header of each message found.
The current message is initially the first message (numbered 1)
and can be printed using the
.Ic print
command (which can be abbreviated
.Ic p ) .
You can move among the messages much as you move between lines in
.Xr ed 1 ,
with the commands
.Ic +
and
.Ic \-
moving backwards and forwards, and
simple numbers.
.Ss "Disposing of Mail"
After examining a message you can
.Ic delete
.Pq Ic d
the message or
.Ic reply
.Pq Ic r
to it.
Deletion causes the
.Nm
program to forget about the message.
This is not irreversible; the message can be
.Ic undeleted
.Pq Ic u
by giving its number, or the
.Nm
session can be aborted by giving the
.Ic exit
.Pq Ic x
command.
Deleted messages will, however, usually disappear never to be seen again.
.Ss "Specifying Messages"
Commands such as
.Ic print
and
.Ic delete
can be given a list of message numbers as arguments to apply
to a number of messages at once.
Thus
.Dq Li "delete 1 2"
deletes messages 1 and 2, while
.Dq Li "delete 1\-5"
deletes messages 1 through 5.
The special name
.Ql *
addresses all messages, and
.Ql $
addresses
the last message; thus the command
.Ic top
which prints the first few lines of a message could be used in
.Dq Li "top *"
to print the first few lines of all messages.
.Ss "Replying To or Originating Mail"
You can use the
.Ic reply
command to
set up a response to a message, sending it back to the
person who it was from.
Text you then type in, up to an end-of-file,
defines the contents of the message.
While you are composing a message,
.Nm
treats lines beginning with the character
.Ql ~
specially.
For instance, typing
.Ic ~m
(alone on a line) will place a copy
of the current message into the response right shifting it by a tabstop
(see
.Va indentprefix
variable, below).
Other escapes will set up subject fields, add and delete recipients
to the message and allow you to escape to an editor to revise the
message or to a shell to run some commands.
(These options
are given in the summary below.)
.Ss "Ending a Mail Processing Session"
You can end a
.Nm
session with the
.Ic quit
.Pq Ic q
command.
Messages which have been examined go to your
.Pa mbox
file unless they have been deleted in which case they are discarded.
Unexamined messages go back to the post office.
(See the
.Fl f
option above).
.Ss "Personal and System Wide Distribution Lists"
It is also possible to create a personal distribution lists so that,
for instance, you can send mail to
.Dq Li cohorts
and have it go
to a group of people.
Such lists can be defined by placing a line like
.Pp
.Dl "alias cohorts bill ozalp jkf mark kridle@ucbcory"
.Pp
in the file
.Pa .mailrc
in your home directory.
The current list of such aliases can be displayed with the
.Ic alias
command in
.Nm .
System wide distribution lists can be created by editing
.Pa /etc/mail/aliases ,
see
.Xr aliases 5
and
.Xr sendmail 8 ;
these are kept in a different syntax.
In mail you send, personal aliases will be expanded in mail sent
to others so that they will be able to
.Ic reply
to the recipients.
System wide
aliases
are not expanded when the mail is sent,
but any reply returned to the machine will have the system wide
alias expanded as all mail goes through
.Xr sendmail 8 .
.Ss "Network Mail (ARPA, UUCP, Berknet)"
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility has a number of options which can be set in the
.Pa .mailrc
file to alter its behavior; thus
.Dq Li "set askcc"
enables the
.Va askcc
feature.
(These options are summarized below.)
.Sh SUMMARY
(Adapted from the
.%T "Mail Reference Manual" . )
.Pp
Each command is typed on a line by itself, and may take arguments
following the command word.
The command need not be typed in its
entirety \(em the first command which matches the typed prefix is used.
For commands which take message lists as arguments, if no message
list is given, then the next message forward which satisfies the
command's requirements is used.
If there are no messages forward of
the current message, the search proceeds backwards, and if there are no
good messages at all,
.Nm
types
.Dq Li "No applicable messages"
and
aborts the command.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Ic \-
Print out the preceding message.
If given a numeric
argument
.Ar n ,
goes to the
.Ar n Ns 'th
previous message and prints it.
.It Ic #
ignore the remainder of the line as a comment.
.It Ic \&?
Prints a brief summary of commands.
.It Ic \&!
Executes the shell
(see
.Xr sh 1
and
.Xr csh 1 )
command which follows.
.It Ic Print
.Pq Ic P
Like
.Ic print
but also prints out ignored header fields.
See also
.Ic print , ignore
and
.Ic retain .
.It Ic Reply
.Pq Ic R
Reply to originator.
Does not reply to other
recipients of the original message.
.It Ic Type
.Pq Ic T
Identical to the
.Ic Print
command.
.It Ic alias
.Pq Ic a
With no arguments, prints out all currently-defined aliases.
With one
argument, prints out that alias.
With more than one argument, creates
a new alias or changes an old one.
.It Ic alternates
.Pq Ic alt
The
.Ic alternates
command is useful if you have accounts on several machines.
It can be used to inform
.Nm
that the listed addresses are really you.
When you
.Ic reply
to messages,
.Nm
will not send a copy of the message to any of the addresses
listed on the
.Ic alternates
list.
If the
.Ic alternates
command is given with no argument, the current set of alternative
names is displayed.
.It Ic chdir
.Pq Ic c
Changes the user's working directory to that specified, if given.
If
no directory is given, then changes to the user's login directory.
.It Ic copy
.Pq Ic co
The
.Ic copy
command does the same thing that
.Ic save
does, except that it does not mark the messages it
is used on for deletion when you
.Ic quit .
.It Ic delete
.Pq Ic d
Takes a list of messages as argument and marks them all as deleted.
Deleted messages will not be saved in
.Pa mbox ,
nor will they be available for most other commands.
.It Ic dp
(also
.Ic dt )
Deletes the current message and prints the next message.
If there is no next message,
.Nm
says
.Dq Li "at EOF" .
.It Ic edit
.Pq Ic e
Takes a list of messages and points the text editor at each one in
turn.
On return from the editor, the message is read back in.
.It Ic exit
.Ic ( ex
or
.Ic x )
Effects an immediate return to the shell without
modifying the user's system mailbox, his
.Pa mbox
file, or his edit file in
.Fl f .
.It Ic file
.Pq Ic fi
The same as
.Ic folder .
.It Ic folders
List the names of the folders in your folder directory.
.It Ic folder
.Pq Ic fo
The
.Ic folder
command switches to a new mail file or folder.
With no
arguments, it tells you which file you are currently reading.
If you give it an argument, it will write out changes (such
as deletions) you have made in the current file and read in
the new file.
Some special conventions are recognized for
the name.
.Ql #
means the previous file,
.Ql %
means your system mailbox,
.Dq Li % Ns Ar user
means user's system mailbox,
.Ql &
means your
.Pa mbox
file, and
.Dq Li + Ns Ar folder
means a file in your folder
directory.
.It Ic from
.Pq Ic f
Takes a list of messages and prints their message headers.
.It Ic headers
.Pq Ic h
Lists the current range of headers, which is an 18-message group.
If
a
.Ql +
argument is given, then the next 18-message group is printed, and if
a
.Ql \-
argument is given, the previous 18-message group is printed.
.It Ic help
A synonym for
.Ic \&? .
.It Ic hold
.Ic ( ho ,
also
.Ic preserve )
Takes a message list and marks each
message therein to be saved in the
user's system mailbox instead of in
.Pa mbox .
Does not override the
.Ic delete
command.
.It Ic ignore
Add the list of header fields named to the
.Ar ignored list .
Header fields in the ignore list are not printed
on your terminal when you print a message.
This
command is very handy for suppression of certain machine-generated
header fields.
The
.Ic Type
and
.Ic Print
commands can be used to print a message in its entirety, including
ignored fields.
If
.Ic ignore
is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
ignored fields.
.It Ic inc
Incorporate any new messages that have arrived while mail
is being read.
The new messages are added to the end of the message list,
and the current message is reset to be the first new mail message.
This does not renumber the existing message list, nor
does it cause any changes made so far to be saved.
.It Ic mail
.Pq Ic m
Takes as argument login names and distribution group names and sends
mail to those people.
.It Ic mbox
Indicate that a list of messages be sent to
.Pa mbox
in your home directory when you quit.
This is the default
action for messages if you do
.Em not
have the
.Ic hold
option set.
.It Ic more
.Pq Ic mo
Takes a list of messages and invokes the pager on that list.
.It Ic next
.Ic ( n ,
like
.Ic +
or
.Tn CR )
Goes to the next message in sequence and types it.
With an argument list, types the next matching message.
.It Ic preserve
.Pq Ic pre
A synonym for
.Ic hold .
.It Ic print
.Pq Ic p
Takes a message list and types out each message on the user's terminal.
.It Ic quit
.Pq Ic q
Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved messages in
the user's
.Pa mbox
file in his login directory, preserving all messages marked with
.Ic hold
or
.Ic preserve
or never referenced
in his system mailbox, and removing all other messages from his system
mailbox.
If new mail has arrived during the session, the message
.Dq Li "You have new mail"
is given.
If given while editing a
mailbox file with the
.Fl f
flag, then the edit file is rewritten.
A return to the shell is
effected, unless the rewrite of edit file fails, in which case the user
can escape with the
.Ic exit
command.
.It Ic reply
.Pq Ic r
Takes a message list and sends mail to the sender and all
recipients of the specified message.
The default message must not be deleted.
.It Ic respond
A synonym for
.Ic reply .
.It Ic retain
Add the list of header fields named to the
.Em "retained list" .
Only the header fields in the retained list
are shown on your terminal when you print a message.
All other header fields are suppressed.
The
.Ic type
and
.Ic print
commands can be used to print a message in its entirety.
If
.Ic retain
is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
retained fields.
.It Ic save
.Pq Ic s
Takes a message list and a filename and appends each message in
turn to the end of the file.
The filename in quotes, followed by the line
count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
.It Ic set
.Pq Ic se
With no arguments, prints all variable values.
Otherwise, sets
option.
Arguments are of the form
.Ar option Ns Li = Ns Ar value
(no space before or after
.Ql = )
or
.Ar option .
Quotation marks may be placed around any part of the assignment statement to
quote blanks or tabs, i.e.\&
.Dq Li "set indentprefix=\*q->\*q"
.It Ic saveignore
.Ic Saveignore
is to
.Ic save
what
.Ic ignore
is to
.Ic print
and
.Ic type .
Header fields thus marked are filtered out when
saving a message by
.Ic save
or when automatically saving to
.Pa mbox .
.It Ic saveretain
.Ic Saveretain
is to
.Ic save
what
.Ic retain
is to
.Ic print
and
.Ic type .
Header fields thus marked are the only ones saved
with a message when saving by
.Ic save
or when automatically saving to
.Pa mbox .
.Ic Saveretain
overrides
.Ic saveignore .
.It Ic shell
.Pq Ic sh
Invokes an interactive version of the shell.
.It Ic size
Takes a message list and prints out the size in characters of each
message.
.It Ic source
The
.Ic source
command reads
commands from a file.
.It Ic top
Takes a message list and prints the top few lines of each.
The number of
lines printed is controlled by the variable
.Va toplines
and defaults to 5.
.It Ic type
.Pq Ic t
A synonym for
.Ic print .
.It Ic unalias
Takes a list of names defined by
.Ic alias
commands and discards the remembered groups of users.
The group names
no longer have any significance.
.It Ic undelete
.Pq Ic u
Takes a message list and marks each message as
.Em not
being deleted.
.It Ic unread
.Pq Ic U
Takes a message list and marks each message as
.Em not
having been read.
.It Ic unset
Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values;
the inverse of
.Ic set .
.It Ic visual
.Pq Ic v
Takes a message list and invokes the display editor on each message.
.It Ic write
.Pq Ic w
Similar to
.Ic save ,
except that
.Em only
the message body
.Em ( without
the header) is saved.
Extremely useful for such tasks as sending and receiving source
program text over the message system.
.It Ic xit
.Pq Ic x
A synonym for
.Ic exit .
.It Ic z
The
.Nm
utility presents message headers in windowfuls as described under the
.Ic headers
command.
You can move
.Nm Ns 's
attention forward to the next window with the
.Ic z
command.
Also, you can move to the previous window by using
.Ic z\- .
.El
.Ss Tilde/Escapes
Here is a summary of the tilde escapes,
which are used when composing messages to perform
special functions.
Tilde escapes are only recognized at the beginning
of lines.
The name
.Dq "tilde escape"
is somewhat of a misnomer since the actual escape character can be set
by the option
.Va escape .
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Ic ~a
Inserts the autograph string from the sign= option into the message.
.It Ic ~A
Inserts the autograph string from the Sign= option into the message.
.It Ic ~b Ar name ...
Add the given names to the list of carbon copy recipients but do not make
the names visible in the Cc: line
.Dq ( blind
carbon copy).
.It Ic ~c Ar name ...
Add the given names to the list of carbon copy recipients.
.It Ic ~d
Read the file
.Pa dead.letter
from your home directory into the message.
.It Ic ~e
Invoke the text editor on the message collected so far.
After the
editing session is finished, you may continue appending text to the
message.
.It Ic ~f Ar messages
Read the named messages into the message being sent.
If no messages are specified, read in the current message.
Message headers currently being ignored (by the
.Ic ignore
or
.Ic retain
command) are not included.
.It Ic ~F Ar messages
Identical to
.Ic ~f ,
except all message headers are included.
.It Ic ~h
Edit the message header fields by typing each one in turn and allowing
the user to append text to the end or modify the field by using the
current terminal erase and kill characters.
.It Ic ~i Ar string
Inserts the value of the named option into the text of the message.
.It Ic ~m Ar messages
Read the named messages into the message being sent, indented by a
tab or by the value of
.Va indentprefix .
If no messages are specified,
read the current message.
Message headers currently being ignored (by the
.Ic ignore
or
.Ic retain
command) are not included.
.It Ic ~M Ar messages
Identical to
.Ic ~m ,
except all message headers are included.
.It Ic ~p
Print out the message collected so far, prefaced by the message header
fields.
.It Ic ~q
Abort the message being sent, copying the message to
.Pa dead.letter
in your home directory if
.Va save
is set.
.It Ic ~r Ar filename , Ic ~r Li \&! Ns Ar command
.It Ic ~< Ar filename , Ic ~< Li \&! Ns Ar command
Read the named file into the message.
If the argument begins with a
.Ql \&! ,
the rest of the string is taken as an arbitrary system command and is
executed, with the standard output inserted into the message.
.It Ic ~R Ar string
Use
.Ar string
as the Reply-To field.
.It Ic ~s Ar string
Cause the named string to become the current subject field.
.It Ic ~t Ar name ...
Add the given names to the direct recipient list.
.It Ic ~v
Invoke an alternative editor (defined by the
.Ev VISUAL
environment variable) on the
message collected so far.
Usually, the alternative editor will be a
screen editor.
After you quit the editor, you may resume appending
text to the end of your message.
.It Ic ~w Ar filename
Write the message onto the named file.
.It Ic ~x
Exits as with
.Ic ~q ,
except the message is not saved in
.Pa dead.letter .
.It Ic ~! Ar command
Execute the indicated shell command, then return to the message.
.It Ic ~| Ar command , Ic ~^ Ar command
Pipe the message through the command as a filter.
If the command gives
no output or terminates abnormally, retain the original text of the
message.
The command
.Xr fmt 1
is often used as
.Ar command
to rejustify the message.
.It Ic ~: Ar mail-command , Ic ~_ Ar mail-command
Execute the given
.Nm
command.
Not all commands, however, are allowed.
.It Ic ~.
Simulate end-of-file on input.
.It Ic ~?
Print a summary of the available command escapes.
.It Ic ~~ Ar string
Insert the string of text in the message prefaced by a single
.Ql ~ .
If
you have changed the escape character, then you should double
that character in order to send it.
.El
.Ss "Mail Options"
Options can be set with the
.Ic set
command
and can be disabled with the
.Ic unset
or
.Ic set Cm no Ns Ar name
commands.
Options may be either binary, in which case it is only
significant to see whether they are set or not; or string, in which
case the actual value is of interest.
If an option is not set,
.Nm
will look for an environment variable of the same name.
The available options include the following:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Va append
Causes messages saved in
.Pa mbox
to be appended to the end rather than prepended.
This should always be set (preferably in one of the system-wide
.Pa mail.rc
files).
Default is
.Va noappend .
.It Va ask , asksub
Causes
.Nm
to prompt you for the subject of each message you send.
If
you respond with simply a newline, no subject field will be sent.
Default is
.Va asksub .
.It Va askbcc
Causes you to be prompted for additional blind carbon copy recipients at the
end of each message.
Responding with a newline indicates your
satisfaction with the current list.
Default is
.Va noaskbcc .
.It Va askcc
Causes you to be prompted for additional carbon copy recipients at the
end of each message.
Responding with a newline indicates your
satisfaction with the current list.
Default is
.Va noaskcc .
.It Va autoinc
Causes new mail to be automatically incorporated when it arrives.
Setting this is similar to issuing the
.Ic inc
command at each prompt, except that the current message is not
reset when new mail arrives.
Default is
.Va noautoinc .
.It Va autoprint
Causes the
.Ic delete
command to behave like
.Ic dp ;
thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed
automatically.
Default is
.Va noautoprint .
.It Va crt
The valued option
.Va crt
is used as a threshold to determine how long a message must
be before
.Ev PAGER
is used to read it.
If
.Va crt
is set without a value,
then the height of the terminal screen stored in the system
is used to compute the threshold (see
.Xr stty 1 ) .
Default is
.Va nocrt .
.It Va debug
Setting the binary option
.Va debug
is the same as specifying
.Fl d
on the command line and causes
.Nm
to output all sorts of information useful for debugging
.Nm .
In case
.Nm
is invoked in this mode to send mail, all preparations
will be performed and reported about, but the mail will
not be actually sent.
Default is
.Va nodebug .
.It Va dot
The binary option
.Va dot
causes
.Nm
to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator
of a message you are sending.
Default is
.Va nodot .
.It Va escape
If defined, the first character of this option gives the character to
use in place of
.Ql ~
to denote escapes.
.It Va flipr
Reverses the sense of
.Ic reply
and
.Ic Reply
commands.
Default is
.Va noflipr .
.It Va folder
The name of the directory to use for storing folders of
messages.
If this name begins with a
.Ql / ,
.Nm
considers it to be an absolute pathname; otherwise, the
folder directory is found relative to your home directory.
.It Va header
If defined, initially display message headers when reading mail or
editing a mail folder.
Default is
.Va header .
This option can be disabled by giving the
.Fl N
flag on the command line.
.It Va hold
This option is used to hold messages in the system mailbox
by default.
Default is
.Va nohold .
.It Va ignore
Causes interrupt signals from your terminal to be ignored and echoed as
.Li @ Ns 's.
Default is
.Va noignore .
.It Va ignoreeof
An option related to
.Va dot
is
.Va ignoreeof
which makes
.Nm
refuse to accept a
.Aq Li control-D
as the end of a message.
.Ar Ignoreeof
also applies to
.Nm
command mode.
Default is
.Va noignoreeof .
.It Va indentprefix
String used by the
.Ic ~m
tilde escape for indenting messages, in place of
the normal tab character
.Pq Li ^I .
Be sure to quote the value if it contains
spaces or tabs.
.It Va metoo
Usually, when a group is expanded that contains the sender, the sender
is removed from the expansion.
Setting this option causes the sender
to be included in the group.
Default is
.Va nometoo .
.It Va quiet
Suppresses the printing of the version when first invoked.
Default is
.Va noquiet .
.It Va record
If defined, gives the pathname of the file used to record all outgoing
mail.
If not defined, outgoing mail is not saved.
Default is
.Va norecord .
.It Va Replyall
Reverses the sense of
.Ic reply
and
.Ic Reply
commands.
Default is
.Va noReplyall .
.It Va save
If this option is set, and you abort a message with two
.Tn RUBOUT
(erase or delete),
.Nm
will copy the partial letter to the file
.Pa dead.letter
in your home directory.
Default is
.Va save .
.It Va searchheaders
If this option is set, then a message-list specifier in the form
.Dq Li / Ns Ar x Ns : Ns Ar y
will expand to all messages containing the substring
.Ar y
in the header field
.Ar x .
The string search is case insensitive.
If
.Ar x
is omitted, it will default to the
.Dq Li Subject
header field.
The form
.Dq Li /to: Ns Ar y
is a special case, and will expand
to all messages containing the substring
.Ar y
in the
.Dq Li To ,
.Dq Li Cc
or
.Dq Li Bcc
header fields.
The check for
.Qq Li "to"
is case sensitive, so that
.Dq Li /To: Ns Ar y
can be used to limit the search for
.Ar y
to just the
.Dq Li To:
field.
Default is
.Va nosearchheaders .
.It Va toplines
If defined, gives the number of lines of a message to be printed out
with the
.Ic top
command; normally, the first five lines are printed.
.It Va verbose
Setting the option
.Va verbose
is the same as using the
.Fl v
flag on the command line.
When
.Nm
runs in verbose mode,
the actual delivery of messages is displayed on the user's
terminal.
Default is
.Va noverbose .
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width ".Ev REPLYTO"
.It Ev DEAD
Pathname of the file to save partial messages to in case of interrupts
or delivery errors.
Default is
.Pa ~/dead.letter .
.It Ev EDITOR
Pathname of the text editor to use in the
.Ic edit
command and
.Ic ~e
escape.
If not defined, then a default editor is used.
.It Ev HOME
Pathname of the user's home directory.
.It Ev LISTER
Pathname of the directory lister to use in the
.Ic folders
command.
Default is
.Pa /bin/ls .
.It Ev MAIL
Location of the user's mailbox.
Default is
.Pa /var/mail .
.It Ev MAILRC
Pathname of file containing initial
.Nm
commands.
Default is
.Pa ~/.mailrc .
.It Ev MBOX
The name of the mailbox file.
It can be the name of a folder.
The default is
.Pa mbox
in the user's home directory.
.It Ev PAGER
Pathname of the program to use in the
.Ic more
command or when
.Va crt
variable is set.
The default paginator
.Xr less 1
is used if this option is not defined.
.It Ev REPLYTO
If set, will be used to initialize the Reply-To field for outgoing
messages.
.It Ev SHELL
Pathname of the shell to use in the
.Ic \&!
command and the
.Ic ~!
escape.
A default shell is used if this option is
not defined.
.It Ev TMPDIR
Pathname of the directory used for creating temporary files.
.It Ev VISUAL
Pathname of the text editor to use in the
.Ic visual
command and
.Ic ~v
escape.
.It Ev USER
Login name of the user executing mail.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/share/misc/mail.*help" -compact
.It Pa /var/mail/*
Post office.
.It Pa ~/mbox
User's old mail.
.It Pa ~/.mailrc
File giving initial
.Nm
commands.
This can be overridden by setting the
.Ev MAILRC
environment variable.
.It Pa /tmp/R*
Temporary files.
.It Pa /usr/share/misc/mail.*help
Help files.
.Pp
.It Pa /usr/share/misc/mail.rc
.It Pa /usr/local/etc/mail.rc
.It Pa /etc/mail.rc
System-wide initialization files.
Each file will be sourced, in order,
if it exists.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fmt 1 ,
.Xr newaliases 1 ,
.Xr vacation 1 ,
.Xr aliases 5 ,
.Xr sendmail 8
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command
appeared in
.At v1 .
This man page is derived from
.%T "The Mail Reference Manual"
originally written by
.An Kurt Shoens .
.Sh BUGS
There are some flags that are not documented here.
Most are
not useful to the general user.
.Pp
Usually,
.Nm
is just a link to
.Nm Mail
and
.Nm mailx ,
which can be confusing.
.Pp
The name of the
.Ic alternates
list is incorrect English (it should be
.Dq alternatives ) ,
but is retained for compatibility.