1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7)----|----------------------* 19 \ | | 20 \ 1BSD | 21 32V | | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* | 23 \ / | | 24 \ / | | 25 \/ | | 26 3BSD | | 27 | | | 28 4.0BSD 2.79BSD | 29 | | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD <-* 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | / | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' *--NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / | | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' | | \ | 72 | / | | | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | | | \ | 74 | / *--NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.1 -. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 115 | v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 | FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | | 117 | | | | | | | 118FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 119 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 120 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 121 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 122 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | .--*--NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | 125 | | | | | | | | | 126 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 127 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 128 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 130FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 131 | | | | | | | | | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 134 | | | | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | | | | | 137 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 140 | | | | / | | | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 142 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 143 | | | | | | 144 | | | | | | 145 | | 10.0 *--NetBSD 1.5 | | 146 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 147 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 148 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 151 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 152 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 153 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 154 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 155 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 156 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 158 | | 10.2 | | | 159 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 160 | | | *--NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 161 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 162 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 163 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 164 | | \ | | | | | 165 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 168 | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 170 | | | | | v | 171 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 174 | | | | | 175 | `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 176 | | | | \ 177FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 178 | | | | | 179FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 180 | \ | | | | 181 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 182 | 10.3 | | | 183FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 184 | | | | | | 185 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 186 | | | | | 187 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 188 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 189 | | | *--NetBSD 2.0 | | 190 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 191 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 192 | | 10.4 | | | | | 193 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 194 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 195 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 196 | | | | | | | | 197 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 198 | 6.0 | | | | | | 199 | | | | | \ | | 200 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 201 | | | | | | | 202 | | | | *--NetBSD 3.0 | | 203 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 204 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 205 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 206 | 6.1 | | | | | | | 207 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | | 208 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 209 | | | | | | | | 210 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 | 211 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | | 212 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | | 213 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | | 214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0 215 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 | 216 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0 217 | | Mac OS X | | | 218 | | 10.5 | | | 219 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 | 220 | | | *--NetBSD 4.0 | | 221 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | | 222 | \ | | | | | 223 *--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0 224 | 7.0 | | | | | | 225 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 | 226 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0 227 | | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 | 228 | | 6.4 | | | | 229 | | | | | | 230 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | | 231 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0 232 | FreeBSD 7.2 | *--NetBSD OpenBSD 4.5 | 233 | \ | | 5.0 | | 234 | \ | | / | \ | | 235 | | Mac OS X | | | \ | | 236 | | 10.6 | | | \ | | 237 | | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0 238 | | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 | 239 | | | | | | | | | 240 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | | 241 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | 242 | | FreeBSD | | | | NetBSD | | 243 | | 7.3 | | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0 244 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 | 245 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 246 | 8.1 | | | | | | | 247 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2 248 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 | 249 | | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 250 | FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | | 251 | 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1 252 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 | 253 | `-----. Mac OS X | | | | | 254 | \ 10.7 | | | | | 255 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 | 256 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 257 | 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1 258 | | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | | 259 | | 8.3 | | | | | | 260 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 261 | | | | | | 5.1.3 | | 262 | | | | | | | | | 263 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 264 | | | | | | 5.1.4 | | 265 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 | 266 | | | Mac OS X | `--------. | | 267 | | | 10.8 | | | | 268 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 269 | | | | | 6.0 | | | 270 | | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1 271 | FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | | 272 | 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | | 273 | | | | | | | | | | 274 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 275 | | | | | | | 5.2.1 | | 276 | | | | | | | | | | 277 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 278 | | | | | | | 5.2.2 | | 279 | | | | | | | | | 280 | | | | | | \ | | 281 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 282 | | | | | | 6.0.1 | | 283 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1 284 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 285 | | | | | | 6.0.2 | | 286 | | | | | | | | | 287 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 288 | | | | | | 6.0.3 | | 289 | | | | | | | | | 290 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 291 | | | | | | 6.0.4 | | 292 | | | | | | | | | 293 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 294 | | | | | | 6.0.5 | | 295 | | | | | | | | | 296 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 297 | | | | | | 6.0.6 | | 298 | | | | | | | | 299 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 300 | | | | | 6.1 | | 301 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 302 | | 8.4 | | NetBSD | | 303 | | | | | 6.1.1 | | 304 | | | | | | | 305 | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | 306 | 9.2 | | 6.1.2 | | 307 | | Mac OS X | | | | 308 | | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 | 309 | `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0 310 | \ | | | | | 311 *--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | | 312 | 10.0 | | | 6.1.3 | | 313 | | | | | | | | 314 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1 315 | | | | | | | | 316 | | | | | | | | 317 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2 318 | | | | | NetBSD | | 319 | | | | | 6.1.4 | | 320 | | | | | | | | 321 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 | 322 | | | | | | | | 323 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0 324 | | | | | | | | 325 | | | | | | | | 326 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1 327 | | | | | | | | 328 | | | | | | | | 329 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3 330 | | | | | | | | 331 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 332 | | 9.3 | | | | | 333 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.8.2 334 | | | | 6.1.5 | | 335 | | Mac OS X | | | 336 | | 10.10 | | | 337 | | | | OpenBSD 5.6 | 338 | FreeBSD | | | | 339 | 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1 340 | | | | | | 341 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2 342 | | | | | | 343 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3 344 | | | | | | 345 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4 346 | | | | | | 347 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5 348 | | | | | | 349 | | | | OpenBSD 5.7 | 350 | | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0 351 | FreeBSD | | | | 352 | 10.2 | | | | 353 | | macOS *--NetBSD 7.0 | | 354 | | 10.11 | | | OpenBSD 5.8 | 355 | | | | | `--. | DragonFly 4.4.1 356 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 5.9 | 357 | 10.3 | | | | | | 358 | | | | | NetBSD | | 359 | | | | | 7.0.1 | | 360 | `------. | | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0 361 | | | | | | | | 362 | | | | | | | | 363 *--FreeBSD | macOS | | | OpenBSD 6.0 | 364 | 11.0 | 10.12 | | NetBSD | | 365 | | | | | | 7.0.2 | | 366 | | | | | | | | 367 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 368 | | | | | | 7.1 | | 369 | | | | | | | | | 370 | | | | | | | | | 371 | | | macOS | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0 372 | | | 10.13 | | | OpenBSD 6.1 | 373 | FreeBSD | | | | | | DragonFly 5.0.0 374 | 11.1 FreeBSD | | | | | | 375 | | 10.4 | | | | OpenBSD 6.2 DragonFly 5.0.1 376 | | | | | | | | 377 | `------. | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 5.0.2 378 | | | | | 7.1.1 | | 379 | | | | | | | | 380 | | | | | NetBSD | | 381 | | | | | 7.1.2 `--. | 382 | | | | | | | 383 | | | | `-----. OpenBSD 6.3 | 384 | | | *--NetBSD | | DragonFly 5.2.0 385 | | | | 8.0 | | | 386 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.1 387 | | | | | | | | 388 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.2 389 | FreeBSD | | | *--NetBSD | | 390 | 11.2 | | | 7.2 | | 391 | | macOS | | | | 392 | | 10.14 | | OpenBSD 6.4 | 393 | | | | | | | 394 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.0 395 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 396 | 12.0 | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.1 397 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.5 | 398 | | | | | | | | 399 | | | | | NetBSD | | 400 | | | | | 8.1 | DragonFly 5.6 401 | | | | | | | | 402 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.1 403 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 404 | | 11.3 10.15 | | | | 405 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 6.6 | 406 | 12.1 | macOS | `-------. | | 407 | | | 10.15.1 | | | DragonFly 5.6.2 408 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 409 | | | | | 9.0 | | | 410 | | | | | | | | | 411 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8 412 | | | | | | | | | 413 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.3 414 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 415 | | | | | | 8.2 | | 416 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.1 417 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.7 | 418 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 419 | | 11.4 | | | | | 420 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.2 421 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.3 422 | | | | NetBSD 9.1 OpenBSD 6.8 | 423 | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 424 | 12.2 11 | | | | 425 | | | | | | | 426 | `------. | | | | | 427 | | | | | | | 428 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 429 | 13.0 | | | NetBSD 9.2 OpenBSD 6.9 DragonFly 6.0.0 430 | | | | | | | | 431 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.0.1 432 | | | | | | | | 433 | | FreeBSD macOS | | OpenBSD 7.0 | 434 | | 12.3 12 | | | | 435 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.1 436 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.1 | 437 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 438 | 13.1 | | | | | | 439 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.2 440 | | | | | NetBSD 9.3 | | 441 | | | macOS | OpenBSD 7.2 | 442 | | | 13 | | | 443 | | FreeBSD | | | | 444 | | 12.4 | | | | 445 | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.0 446 | | | | OpenBSD 7.3 | 447 | FreeBSD | | | | 448 | 13.2 | | | | 449 | | | | | | 450 | `------. | | | | 451 | | macOS | | | 452 | | 14 | | | 453 | | | | OpenBSD 7.4 | 454 *--FreeBSD | | | | | 455 | 14.0 | | | | | 456 | | | | | | | 457 | | FreeBSD | | | | 458 | | 13.3 | | | | 459 | | | *--NetBSD | | 460 | | | | 10.0 | | 461 | | | | | | 462 | | | | OpenBSD 7.5 | 463 | FreeBSD | | | | 464 | 14.1 | | | | 465 | | | | | 466FreeBSD 15 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly -current 467 | | | | | 468 v v v v v 469 470Time 471---------------- 472 473Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it was 474the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 475 476[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 477 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System. 478[APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/] 479[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 480[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 481[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 482[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 483[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, Volume 11, 484 Info 4, April, 1987. 485[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 486 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 487[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. Changes in the 488 Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, 489 July, 1983. 490[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 491[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 492[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. ISBN 0201547775, EAN 493 9780201547771 494[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 495[TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/. 496[USE] Usenet announcement. 497[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 498[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 499 500Multics 1965 501UNIX Summer 1969 502 DEC PDP-7 503First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 504 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 505Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 506 10 UNIX installations 507Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 508 Pipes, 16 installations 509Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 510 rewriting in C effected, 511 above 30 installations 512Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 513 above 50 installations 514Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 515 port to DEC Vax 516Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS] 517 first portable UNIX 518Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 519 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 520 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 521 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 522 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 523 and networking part by the streams mechanism 524 525Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 526Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 527 5281BSD late 1977 529 1978-01-16 [DOC] 530 1978-03-09 [QCU] 531 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 532 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 533 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 5342BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 535 75 2BSD tapes shipped 5362.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS] 5372.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 538 First 2BSD with bootable V7 kernel plus 539 community fixes. 5402.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 541 set of performance improvements 5422.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 5432.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS] 5442.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 5452.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 5462.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 5472.11BSD 1991-03-14 [SMS] 5482.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 549 55032V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS] 5513BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] 552 virtual memory, page replacement, 553 demand paging 5544.0BSD 1980-10-xx 5554.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 5564.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 557 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 5584.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 5594.1cBSD late 1982 560 beta release, IPC [44B] 5614.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 562 1983-08-03 [DOC] 5634.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 564 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 5654.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 5664.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 567 1989-01-01 [DOC] 5684.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 5694.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 570 571BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 572 first code released to people outside BSDI 573386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 574BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 575BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 576386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 5774.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 578BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 579 first external gamma; G customers 580BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 581 would have been 1.0 except for request 582 for preliminary injunction 583BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 584 injunction denied; first official release 585NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 5864.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 587NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 588FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 589FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] 590 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release. 591BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 5924.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 593FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 594FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 595FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 596 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 597NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 598386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 599FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 600BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 601FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 602BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 6034.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 604 the true final distribution from the CSRG 605FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 606NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 607BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 608FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 609NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 610OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 611FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 612FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 613Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 614FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 615BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 616FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 617FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 618FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 619NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 620OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 621FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 622OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 623NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 624FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 625NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 626BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 627OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 628NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 629FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 630BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 631 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 632FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 633 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 634 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 635 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 636FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 637OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 638NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 639FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 640BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 641NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 642FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 643OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 644NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 645FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 646OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 647FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 648BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 649FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 650NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 651OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 652FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 653FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 654FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 655FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 656FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 657NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 658BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 659OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 660NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 661Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 662FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 663OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 664NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 665NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 666FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 667Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 668OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 669FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 670BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 671OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 672FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 673NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 674FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 675Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 676NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 677FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 678OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 679FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 680 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 681 -current, similar to 3.0. 682FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 683NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 684OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 685BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 686FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 687Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 688FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 689BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 690OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 691FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 692FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 693NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 694OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 695FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 696DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 697OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 698FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 699NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 700FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 701DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 702NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 703Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 704FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 705OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 706NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 707OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 708FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 709NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 710NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 711DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 712FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD] 713OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 714FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 715FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 716NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release) 717DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 718OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD] 719NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release) 720NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD] 721FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD] 722DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB] 723OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD] 724DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB] 725Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL] 726OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD] 727NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD] 728FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD] 729DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB] 730FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD] 731OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD] 732DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB] 733OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD] 734FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD] 735FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD] 736DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB] 737NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD] 738OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD] 739FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD] 740Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL] 741NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 742DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB] 743OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD] 744FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD] 745NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release) 746FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD] 747DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB] 748OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD] 749FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD] 750DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB] 751OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD] 752NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD] 753FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD] 754FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD] 755DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB] 756OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD] 757Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL] 758OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD] 759FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD] 760NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 761DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB] 762FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD] 763OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD] 764Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL] 765NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD] 766OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD] 767DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB] 768NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD] 769NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release) 770FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD] 771DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB] 772OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD] 773NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release) 774NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD] 775FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD] 776NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD] 777NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD] 778NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD] 779FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD] 780NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD] 781NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD] 782Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL] 783OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD] 784DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB] 785FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD] 786NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 787NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD] 788NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 789NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD] 790DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB] 791DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB] 792NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NBD] 793NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NBD] 794OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD] 795DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB] 796DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB] 797DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB] 798FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD] 799DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB] 800NetBSD 6.0.6 2014-09-22 [NBD] 801NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD] 802Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL] 803OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD] 804FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD] 805DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB] 806DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB] 807DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB] 808DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB] 809DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB] 810OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD] 811DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB] 812FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD] 813NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD] 814OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL] 815OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD] 816DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB] 817OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD] 818FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD] 819NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD] 820DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB] 821OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD] 822macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL] 823FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD] 824NetBSD 7.0.2 2016-10-21 [NBD] 825NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD] 826DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB] 827OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD] 828FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD] 829macOS 10.13 2017-09-25 [APL] 830FreeBSD 10.4 2017-10-03 [FBD] 831OpenBSD 6.2 2017-10-09 [OBD] 832DragonFly 5.0.0 2017-10-16 [DFB] 833DragonFly 5.0.1 2017-11-06 [DFB] 834DragonFly 5.0.2 2017-12-04 [DFB] 835NetBSD 7.1.1 2017-12-22 [NBD] 836NetBSD 7.1.2 2018-03-15 [NBD] 837OpenBSD 6.3 2018-04-02 [OBD] 838DragonFly 5.2.0 2018-04-10 [DFB] 839DragonFly 5.2.1 2018-05-20 [DFB] 840DragonFly 5.2.2 2018-06-18 [DFB] 841FreeBSD 11.2 2018-06-27 [FBD] 842NetBSD 8.0 2018-07-17 [NBD] 843NetBSD 7.2 2018-08-29 [NBD] 844macOS 10.14 2018-09-24 [APL] 845OpenBSD 6.4 2018-10-18 [OBD] 846DragonFly 5.4.0 2018-12-03 [DFB] 847FreeBSD 12.0 2018-12-11 [FBD] 848DragonFly 5.4.1 2018-12-24 [DFB] 849OpenBSD 6.5 2019-05-01 [OBD] 850NetBSD 8.1 2019-06-04 [NBD] 851DragonFly 5.6 2019-06-17 [DFB] 852DragonFly 5.6.1 2019-06-19 [DFB] 853FreeBSD 11.3 2019-07-09 [FBD] 854DragonFly 5.6.2 2019-08-11 [DFB] 855OpenBSD 6.6 2019-10-17 [OBD] 856macOS 10.15 2019-10-07 [APL] 857macOS 10.15.1 2019-10-29 [APL] (security/critical release) 858FreeBSD 12.1 2019-11-04 [FBD] 859NetBSD 9.0 2020-02-14 [NBD] 860DragonFly 5.8 2020-03-03 [DFB] 861DragonFly 5.6.3 2020-03-11 [DFB] 862NetBSD 8.2 2020-03-31 [NBD] 863DragonFly 5.8.1 2020-05-06 [DFB] 864OpenBSD 6.7 2020-05-19 [OBD] 865FreeBSD 11.4 2020-06-16 [FBD] 866DragonFly 5.8.2 2020-09-23 [DFB] 867DragonFly 5.8.3 2020-09-24 [DFB] 868OpenBSD 6.8 2020-10-18 [OBD] 869NetBSD 9.1 2020-10-18 [NBD] 870FreeBSD 12.2 2020-10-27 [FBD] 871macOS 11 2020-11-19 [APL] 872FreeBSD 13.0 2021-04-13 [FBD] 873OpenBSD 6.9 2021-05-01 [OBD] 874DragonFly 6.0 2021-05-08 [DFB] 875NetBSD 9.2 2021-05-12 [NBD] 876DragonFly 6.0.1 2021-10-12 [DFB] 877OpenBSD 7.0 2021-10-14 [OBD] 878macOS 12 2021-10-25 [APL] 879FreeBSD 12.3 2021-12-01 [FBD] 880DragonFly 6.2.1 2022-01-09 [DFB] 881OpenBSD 7.1 2022-04-21 [OBD] 882FreeBSD 13.1 2022-05-17 [FBD] 883DragonFly 6.2.2 2022-06-09 [DFB] 884NetBSD 9.3 2022-08-04 [NBD] 885OpenBSD 7.2 2022-10-20 [OBD] 886macOS 13 2022-10-24 [APL] 887FreeBSD 12.4 2022-12-05 [FBD] 888DragonFly 6.4 2022-12-30 [DFB] 889OpenBSD 7.3 2023-04-10 [OBD] 890FreeBSD 13.2 2023-04-11 [FBD] 891macOS 14 2023-09-26 [APL] 892OpenBSD 7.4 2023-10-16 [OBD] 893FreeBSD 14.0 2023-11-20 [FBD] 894FreeBSD 13.3 2024-03-05 [FBD] 895NetBSD 10.0 2024-03-28 [NBD] 896OpenBSD 7.5 2024-04-05 [OBD] 897FreeBSD 14.1 2024-06-04 [FBD] 898 899Bibliography 900------------------------ 901 902Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 903Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 904System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 905 906Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 907Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 908 909McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 910Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 911System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 912 913McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 914Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 915Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 916 917McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The 918Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition. 919Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2 920 921Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 922 923Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 924Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 925Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 926 927Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 928URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20081230094857/http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 929 930Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 931Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 932 933FreeBSD Release Information 934URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 935 936Manual pages for FreeBSD and ports 937URL: https://man.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 938 939UNIX history graphing project 940URL: https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 941 942UNIX history 943URL: https://www.levenez.com/unix/ 944 945James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 946URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090427195917/http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 947("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 948 949 950Acknowledgments 951--------------- 952 953Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 954original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 955 956Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 957 958-- 959Copyright (c) 1997-2023 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org> 960URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 961