1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7)----|----------------------* 19 \ | | 20 \ 1BSD | 21 32V | | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* | 23 \ / | | 24 \ / | | 25 \/ | | 26 3BSD | | 27 | | | 28 4.0BSD 2.79BSD | 29 | | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD <-* 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | / | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' *--NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / | | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' | | \ | 72 | / | | | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | | | \ | 74 | / *--NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.1 ---. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 115 | v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 | FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | | 117 | | | | | | | 118FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 119 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 120 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 121 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 122 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | .--*--NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | 125 | | | | | | | | | 126 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 127 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 128 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 130FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 131 | | | | | | | | | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 134 | | | | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | | | | | 137 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 140 | | | | / | | | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 142 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 143 | | | | | | 144 | | | | | | 145 | | 10.0 *--NetBSD 1.5 | | 146 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 147 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 148 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 151 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 152 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 153 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 154 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 155 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 156 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 158 | | 10.2 | | | 159 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 160 | | | *--NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 161 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 162 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 163 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 164 | | \ | | | | | 165 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 168 | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 170 | | | | | v | 171 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 174 | | | | | 175 | `-|------|-------------------|-------------------. 176 | | | | \ 177FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 178 | | | | | 179FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 180 | \ | | | | 181 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 182 | 10.3 | | | 183FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 184 | | | | | | 185 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 186 | | | | | 187 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 188 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 189 | | | *--NetBSD 2.0 | | 190 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 191 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 192 | | 10.4 | | | | | 193 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 194 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 195 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 196 | | | | | | | | 197 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 198 | 6.0 | | | | | | 199 | | | | | \ | | 200 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 201 | | | | | | | 202 | | | | *--NetBSD 3.0 | | 203 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 204 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 205 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 206 | 6.1 | | | | | | | 207 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | | 208 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 209 | | | | | | | | 210 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 | 211 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | | 212 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | | 213 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | | 214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0 215 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 | 216 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0 217 | | Mac OS X | | | 218 | | 10.5 | | | 219 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 | 220 | | | *--NetBSD 4.0 | | 221 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | | 222 | \ | | | | | 223 *--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0 224 | 7.0 | | | | | | 225 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 | 226 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0 227 | | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 | 228 | | 6.4 | | | | 229 | | | | | | 230 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | | 231 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0 232 | FreeBSD 7.2 | *--NetBSD OpenBSD 4.5 | 233 | \ | | 5.0 | | 234 | \ | | / | \ | | 235 | | Mac OS X | | | \ | | 236 | | 10.6 | | | \ | | 237 | | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0 238 | | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 | 239 | | | | | | | | | 240 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | | 241 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | 242 | | FreeBSD | | | | NetBSD | | 243 | | 7.3 | | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0 244 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 | 245 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 246 | 8.1 | | | | | | | 247 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2 248 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 | 249 | | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 250 | FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | | 251 | 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1 252 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 | 253 | `-----. Mac OS X | | | | | 254 | \ 10.7 | | | | | 255 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 | 256 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 257 | 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1 258 | | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | | 259 | | 8.3 | | | | | | 260 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 261 | | | | | | 5.1.3 | | 262 | | | | | | | | | 263 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 264 | | | | | | 5.1.4 | | 265 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 | 266 | | | Mac OS X | `--------. | | 267 | | | 10.8 | | | | 268 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 269 | | | | | 6.0 | | | 270 | | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1 271 | FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | | 272 | 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | | 273 | | | | | | | | | | 274 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 275 | | | | | | | 5.2.1 | | 276 | | | | | | | | | | 277 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 278 | | | | | | | 5.2.2 | | 279 | | | | | | | | | 280 | | | | | | \ | | 281 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 282 | | | | | | 6.0.1 | | 283 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1 284 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 285 | | | | | | 6.0.2 | | 286 | | | | | | | | | 287 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 288 | | | | | | 6.0.3 | | 289 | | | | | | | | | 290 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 291 | | | | | | 6.0.4 | | 292 | | | | | | | | | 293 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 294 | | | | | | 6.0.5 | | 295 | | | | | | | | | 296 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 297 | | | | | | 6.0.6 | | 298 | | | | | | | | 299 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 300 | | | | | 6.1 | | 301 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 302 | | 8.4 | | NetBSD | | 303 | | | | 6.1.1 | | 304 | | | | | | | 305 | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | 306 | 9.2 | | 6.1.2 | | 307 | | Mac OS X | | | | 308 | | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 | 309 | `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0 310 | \ | | | | | 311 *--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | | 312 | 10.0 | | | 6.1.3 | | 313 | | | | | | | | 314 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1 315 | | | | | | | | 316 | | | | | | | | 317 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2 318 | | | | | NetBSD | | 319 | | | | | 6.1.4 | | 320 | | | | | | | | 321 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 | 322 | | | | | | | | 323 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0 324 | | | | | | | | 325 | | | | | | | | 326 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1 327 | | | | | | | | 328 | | | | | | | | 329 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3 330 | | | | | | | | 331 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 332 | | 9.3 | | | | | 333 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.8.2 334 | | | | 6.1.5 | | 335 | | Mac OS X | | | 336 | | 10.10 | | | 337 | | | | OpenBSD 5.6 | 338 | FreeBSD | | | | 339 | 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1 340 | | | | | | 341 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2 342 | | | | | | 343 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3 344 | | | | | | 345 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4 346 | | | | | | 347 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5 348 | | | | | | 349 | | | | OpenBSD 5.7 | 350 | | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0 351 | FreeBSD | | | | 352 | 10.2 | | | | 353 | | macOS *--NetBSD 7.0 | | 354 | | 10.11 | | | OpenBSD 5.8 | 355 | | | | | `--. | DragonFly 4.4.1 356 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 5.9 | 357 | 10.3 | | | | | | 358 | | | | | NetBSD | | 359 | | | | | 7.0.1 | | 360 | `------. | | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0 361 | | | | | | | | 362 | | | | | | | | 363 *--FreeBSD | macOS | | | OpenBSD 6.0 | 364 | 11.0 | 10.12 | | NetBSD | | 365 | | | | | | 7.0.2 | | 366 | | | | | | | | 367 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 368 | | | | | | 7.1 | | 369 | | | | | | | | | 370 | | | | | | | | | 371 | | | macOS | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0 372 | | | 10.13 | | | OpenBSD 6.1 | 373 | FreeBSD | | | | | | DragonFly 5.0.0 374 | 11.1 FreeBSD | | | | | | 375 | | 10.4 | | | | OpenBSD 6.2 DragonFly 5.0.1 376 | | | | | | | | 377 | `------. | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 5.0.2 378 | | | | | 7.1.1 | | 379 | | | | | | | | 380 | | | | | NetBSD | | 381 | | | | | 7.1.2 `--. | 382 | | | | | | | 383 | | | | `-----. OpenBSD 6.3 | 384 | | | *--NetBSD | | DragonFly 5.2.0 385 | | | | 8.0 | | | 386 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.1 387 | | | | | | | | 388 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.2 389 | FreeBSD | | | *--NetBSD | | 390 | 11.2 | | | 7.2 | | 391 | | macOS | | | | 392 | | 10.14 | | OpenBSD 6.4 | 393 | | | | | | | 394 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.0 395 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 396 | 12.0 | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.1 397 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.5 | 398 | | | | | | | | 399 | | | | | NetBSD | | 400 | | | | | 8.1 | DragonFly 5.6 401 | | | | | | | | 402 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.1 403 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 404 | | 11.3 10.15 | | | | 405 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 6.6 | 406 | 12.1 | macOS | `-------. | | 407 | | | 10.15.1 | | | DragonFly 5.6.2 408 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 409 | | | | | 9.0 | | | 410 | | | | | | | | | 411 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8 412 | | | | | | | | | 413 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.3 414 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 415 | | | | | | 8.2 | | 416 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.1 417 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.7 | 418 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 419 | | 11.4 | | | | | | 420 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.2 421 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.3 422 | | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.8 | 423 | FreeBSD macOS | 9.1 | | | 424 | 12.2 11 | | | | | 425 | | | | | | | | 426 | `------. | | | | | | 427 | | | | | | | | 428 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 429 | 13.0 | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.9 DragonFly 6.0.0 430 | | | | | 9.2 | | | 431 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.0.1 432 | | | | | | | | | 433 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | OpenBSD 7.0 | 434 | | 12.3 12 | | | | | 435 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.1 436 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.1 | 437 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 438 | 13.1 | | | | | | | 439 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.2 440 | | | | | NetBSD | | | 441 | | | macOS | 9.3 | OpenBSD 7.2 | 442 | | | 13 | | | | | 443 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 444 | | 12.4 | | | | | | 445 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.0 446 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.3 | 447 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 448 | 13.2 | | | | | | 449 | | | | | | | | 450 | `------. | | | | | | 451 | | macOS | | | | | 452 | | 14 | | | | | 453 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.4 | 454 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 455 | 14.0 | | | | | | | 456 | | | | | | | | | 457 | | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | | 458 | | 13.3 | | 9.4 | | | 459 | | | | | | | | 460 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 461 | | | | | 10.0 | | | 462 | | | | | | | | | 463 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.5 | 464 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 465 | | | | | | 8.3 | | 466 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 467 | 14.1 | | | | | | 468 | | | macOS | | | | 469 | | | 15 | | | | 470 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 471 | | 13.4 | | | OpenBSD 7.6 | 472 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 473 | 14.2 | | | | | | 474 | | | | | NetBSD | | 475 | | | | | 10.1 | | 476 | | FreeBSD | | | | 477 | | 13.5 | | | | 478 | | | | OpenBSD 7.7 | 479 | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.1 480 | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.2 481 | FreeBSD | | | | 482 | 14.3 | | | | 483 | macOS | | | 484 | 26 | | | 485 | | | OpenBSD 7.8 | 486 *--FreeBSD | | | | 487 | 15.0 | | | | 488 | | | | | 489FreeBSD 16 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly -current 490 | | | | | 491 v v v v v 492 493Time 494---------------- 495 496Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it was 497the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 498 499[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 500 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System. 501[APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/] 502[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 503[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 504[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 505[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 506[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, Volume 11, 507 Info 4, April, 1987. 508[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 509 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 510[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. Changes in the 511 Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, 512 July, 1983. 513[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 514[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 515[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. ISBN 0201547775, EAN 516 9780201547771 517[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 518[TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/ 519[USE] Usenet announcement. 520[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 521[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 522 523Multics 1965 524UNIX Summer 1969 525 DEC PDP-7 526First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 527 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 528Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 529 10 UNIX installations 530Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 531 Pipes, 16 installations 532Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 533 rewriting in C effected, 534 above 30 installations 535Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 536 above 50 installations 537Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 538 port to DEC Vax 539Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS] 540 first portable UNIX 541Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 542 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 543 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 544 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 545 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 546 and networking part by the streams mechanism 547 548Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 549Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 550 5511BSD late 1977 552 1978-01-16 [DOC] 553 1978-03-09 [QCU] 554 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 555 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 556 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 5572BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 558 75 2BSD tapes shipped 5592.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS] 5602.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 561 First 2BSD with bootable V7 kernel plus 562 community fixes. 5632.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 564 set of performance improvements 5652.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 5662.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS] 5672.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 5682.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 5692.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 5702.11BSD 1991-03-14 [SMS] 5712.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 572 57332V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS] 5743BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] 575 virtual memory, page replacement, 576 demand paging 5774.0BSD 1980-10-xx 5784.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 5794.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 580 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 5814.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 5824.1cBSD late 1982 583 beta release, IPC [44B] 5844.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 585 1983-08-03 [DOC] 5864.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 587 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 5884.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 5894.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 590 1989-01-01 [DOC] 5914.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 5924.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 593 594BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 595 first code released to people outside BSDI 596386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 597BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 598BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 599386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 6004.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 601BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 602 first external gamma; G customers 603BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 604 would have been 1.0 except for request 605 for preliminary injunction 606BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 607 injunction denied; first official release 608NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 6094.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 610NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 611FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 612FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] 613 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release. 614BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 6154.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 616FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 617FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 618FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 619 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 620NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 621386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 622FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 623BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 624FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 625BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 6264.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 627 the true final distribution from the CSRG 628FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 629NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 630BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 631FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 632NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 633OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 634FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 635FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 636Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 637FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 638BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 639FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 640FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 641FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 642NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 643OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 644FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 645OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 646NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 647FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 648NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 649BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 650OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 651NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 652FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 653BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 654 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 655FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 656 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 657 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 658 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 659FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 660OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 661NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 662FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 663BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 664NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 665FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 666OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 667NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 668FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 669OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 670FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 671BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 672FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 673NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 674OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 675FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 676FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 677FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 678FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 679FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 680NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 681BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 682OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 683NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 684Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 685FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 686OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 687NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 688NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 689FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 690Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 691OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 692FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 693BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 694OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 695FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 696NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 697FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 698Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 699NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 700FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 701OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 702FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 703 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 704 -current, similar to 3.0. 705FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 706NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 707OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 708BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 709FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 710Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 711FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 712BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 713OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 714FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 715FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 716NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 717OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 718FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 719DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 720OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 721FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 722NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 723FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 724DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 725NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 726Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 727FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 728OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 729NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 730OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 731FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 732NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 733NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 734DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 735FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD] 736OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 737FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 738FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 739NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release) 740DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 741OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD] 742NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release) 743NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD] 744FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD] 745DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB] 746OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD] 747DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB] 748Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL] 749OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD] 750NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD] 751FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD] 752DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB] 753FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD] 754OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD] 755DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB] 756OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD] 757FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD] 758FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD] 759DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB] 760NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD] 761OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD] 762FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD] 763Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL] 764NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 765DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB] 766OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD] 767FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD] 768NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release) 769FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD] 770DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB] 771OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD] 772FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD] 773DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB] 774OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD] 775NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD] 776FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD] 777FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD] 778DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB] 779OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD] 780Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL] 781OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD] 782FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD] 783NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 784DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB] 785FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD] 786OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD] 787Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL] 788NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD] 789OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD] 790DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB] 791NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD] 792NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release) 793FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD] 794DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB] 795OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD] 796NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release) 797NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD] 798FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD] 799NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD] 800NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD] 801NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD] 802FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD] 803NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD] 804NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD] 805Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL] 806OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD] 807DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB] 808FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD] 809NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 810NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD] 811NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 812NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD] 813DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB] 814DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB] 815NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NBD] 816NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NBD] 817OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD] 818DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB] 819DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB] 820DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB] 821FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD] 822DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB] 823NetBSD 6.0.6 2014-09-22 [NBD] 824NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD] 825Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL] 826OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD] 827FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD] 828DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB] 829DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB] 830DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB] 831DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB] 832DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB] 833OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD] 834DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB] 835FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD] 836NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD] 837OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL] 838OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD] 839DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB] 840OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD] 841FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD] 842NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD] 843DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB] 844OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD] 845macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL] 846FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD] 847NetBSD 7.0.2 2016-10-21 [NBD] 848NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD] 849DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB] 850OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD] 851FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD] 852macOS 10.13 2017-09-25 [APL] 853FreeBSD 10.4 2017-10-03 [FBD] 854OpenBSD 6.2 2017-10-09 [OBD] 855DragonFly 5.0.0 2017-10-16 [DFB] 856DragonFly 5.0.1 2017-11-06 [DFB] 857DragonFly 5.0.2 2017-12-04 [DFB] 858NetBSD 7.1.1 2017-12-22 [NBD] 859NetBSD 7.1.2 2018-03-15 [NBD] 860OpenBSD 6.3 2018-04-02 [OBD] 861DragonFly 5.2.0 2018-04-10 [DFB] 862DragonFly 5.2.1 2018-05-20 [DFB] 863DragonFly 5.2.2 2018-06-18 [DFB] 864FreeBSD 11.2 2018-06-27 [FBD] 865NetBSD 8.0 2018-07-17 [NBD] 866NetBSD 7.2 2018-08-29 [NBD] 867macOS 10.14 2018-09-24 [APL] 868OpenBSD 6.4 2018-10-18 [OBD] 869DragonFly 5.4.0 2018-12-03 [DFB] 870FreeBSD 12.0 2018-12-11 [FBD] 871DragonFly 5.4.1 2018-12-24 [DFB] 872OpenBSD 6.5 2019-05-01 [OBD] 873NetBSD 8.1 2019-06-04 [NBD] 874DragonFly 5.6 2019-06-17 [DFB] 875DragonFly 5.6.1 2019-06-19 [DFB] 876FreeBSD 11.3 2019-07-09 [FBD] 877DragonFly 5.6.2 2019-08-11 [DFB] 878OpenBSD 6.6 2019-10-17 [OBD] 879macOS 10.15 2019-10-07 [APL] 880macOS 10.15.1 2019-10-29 [APL] (security/critical release) 881FreeBSD 12.1 2019-11-04 [FBD] 882NetBSD 9.0 2020-02-14 [NBD] 883DragonFly 5.8 2020-03-03 [DFB] 884DragonFly 5.6.3 2020-03-11 [DFB] 885NetBSD 8.2 2020-03-31 [NBD] 886DragonFly 5.8.1 2020-05-06 [DFB] 887OpenBSD 6.7 2020-05-19 [OBD] 888FreeBSD 11.4 2020-06-16 [FBD] 889DragonFly 5.8.2 2020-09-23 [DFB] 890DragonFly 5.8.3 2020-09-24 [DFB] 891OpenBSD 6.8 2020-10-18 [OBD] 892NetBSD 9.1 2020-10-18 [NBD] 893FreeBSD 12.2 2020-10-27 [FBD] 894macOS 11 2020-11-12 [APL] 895FreeBSD 13.0 2021-04-13 [FBD] 896OpenBSD 6.9 2021-05-01 [OBD] 897DragonFly 6.0 2021-05-08 [DFB] 898NetBSD 9.2 2021-05-12 [NBD] 899DragonFly 6.0.1 2021-10-12 [DFB] 900OpenBSD 7.0 2021-10-14 [OBD] 901macOS 12 2021-10-25 [APL] 902FreeBSD 12.3 2021-12-01 [FBD] 903DragonFly 6.2.1 2022-01-09 [DFB] 904OpenBSD 7.1 2022-04-21 [OBD] 905FreeBSD 13.1 2022-05-17 [FBD] 906DragonFly 6.2.2 2022-06-09 [DFB] 907NetBSD 9.3 2022-08-04 [NBD] 908OpenBSD 7.2 2022-10-20 [OBD] 909macOS 13 2022-10-24 [APL] 910FreeBSD 12.4 2022-12-05 [FBD] 911DragonFly 6.4 2022-12-30 [DFB] 912OpenBSD 7.3 2023-04-10 [OBD] 913FreeBSD 13.2 2023-04-11 [FBD] 914macOS 14 2023-09-26 [APL] 915OpenBSD 7.4 2023-10-16 [OBD] 916FreeBSD 14.0 2023-11-20 [FBD] 917FreeBSD 13.3 2024-03-05 [FBD] 918NetBSD 10.0 2024-03-28 [NBD] 919OpenBSD 7.5 2024-04-05 [OBD] 920NetBSD 9.4 2024-04-20 [NBD] 921NetBSD 8.3 2024-05-04 [NBD] 922FreeBSD 14.1 2024-06-04 [FBD] 923macOS 15 2024-09-16 [APL] 924FreeBSD 13.4 2024-09-17 [FBD] 925OpenBSD 7.6 2024-10-08 [OBD] 926FreeBSD 14.2 2024-12-03 [FBD] 927NetBSD 10.1 2024-12-16 [NBD] 928FreeBSD 13.5 2025-03-11 [FBD] 929OpenBSD 7.7 2025-04-28 [OBD] 930DragonFly 6.4.1 2025-04-30 [DFB] 931DragonFly 6.4.2 2025-05-09 [DFB] 932FreeBSD 14.3 2025-06-10 [FBD] 933macOS 26 2025-09-15 [APL] 934OpenBSD 7.8 2025-10-22 [OBD] 935FreeBSD 15.0 2025-12-02 [FBD] 936 937Bibliography 938------------------------ 939 940Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 941Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 942System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 943 944Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 945Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 946 947McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 948Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 949System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 950 951McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 952Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 953Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 954 955McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The 956Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition. 957Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2 958 959Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 960 961Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 962Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 963Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 964 965Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 966URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20081230094857/http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 967 968Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 969Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 970 971FreeBSD Release Information 972URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 973 974Manual pages for FreeBSD and ports 975URL: https://man.FreeBSD.org 976 977FreeBSD Documentation Archive 978URL: https://docs-archive.freebsd.org/doc/ 979 980UNIX history graphing project 981URL: https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/ 982 983UNIX history 984URL: https://www.levenez.com/unix/ 985 986James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 987URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090427195917/http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 988("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 989 990 991End-of-Life (EOL) 992----------------- 993The FreeBSD family tree shows when a release was published. 994If you would like to know when the support ends, just look at 995https://www.freebsd.org/security/#sup and 996https://www.freebsd.org/security/unsupported 997For other operating systems, see https://endoflife.date 998 999 1000Acknowledgments 1001--------------- 1002 1003Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 1004original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 1005 1006Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 1007 1008-- 1009Copyright (c) 1997-2025 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org> 1010URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 1011