1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | | 156 | | 10.2 | v | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | v | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 190 | | | | | 191 v v v v v 192 193Time 194---------------- 195 196Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 197was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 198 199[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 200 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 201 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 202[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 203[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 204[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 205[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 206[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 207[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 208 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 209[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 210 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 211[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 212 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 213 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 214[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 215[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 216[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 217[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 218[USE] Usenet announcement. 219[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 220[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 221 222Multics 1965 223UNIX Summer 1969 224 DEC PDP-7 225First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 226 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 227Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 228 10 UNIX installations 229Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 230 Pipes, 16 installations 231Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 232 rewriting in C effected, 233 above 30 installations 234Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 235 above 50 installations 236Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 237 port to DEC Vax 238Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 239 first portable UNIX 240Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 241 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 242 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 243 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 244 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 245 and networking part by the streams mechanism 246 247Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 248Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 249 2501BSD late 1977 251 1978-03-09 [QCU] 252 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 253 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 254 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2552BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 256 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2572.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2582.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 259 2602.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 261 set of performance improvements 2622.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2632.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2642.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2652.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2662.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2672.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2682.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 269 27032V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2713BSD late 1979 [QCU] 272 virtual memory, page replacement, 273 demand paging 2744.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2754.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2764.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 277 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2784.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2794.1cBSD late 1982 280 beta release, IPC [44B] 2814.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 282 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2834.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 284 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2854.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2864.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 287 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2884.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2894.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 290 291BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 292 first code released to people outside BSDI 293386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 294BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 295BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 296386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2974.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 298BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 299 first external gamma; G customers 300BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 301 would have been 1.0 except for request 302 for preliminary injunction 303BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 304 injunction denied; first official release 305NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3064.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 307NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 308FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 309BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3104.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 311FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 312FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 313 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 314NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 315386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 316FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 317BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 318FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 319BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3204.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 321 the true final distribution from the CSRG 322FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 323NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 324BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 325FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 326NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 327OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 328FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 329FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 330Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 331FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 332BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 333FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 334FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 335FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 336NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 337OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 338FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 339OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 340NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 341FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 342NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 343BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 344OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 345NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 346FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 347BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 348 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 349FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 350 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 351 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 352 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 353FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 354OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 355NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 356FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 357BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 358NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 359FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 360OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 361NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 362FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 363OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 364FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 365BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 366FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 367NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 368OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 369FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 370FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 371FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 372FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 373FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 374NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 375BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 376OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 377NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 378Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 379FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 380OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 381NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 382NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 383FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 384Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 385OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 386FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 387BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 388OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 389FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 390NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 391FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 392Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 393NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 394FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 395OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 396FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 397 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 398 -current, similar to 3.0. 399FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 400NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 401OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 402BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 403FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 404Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 405FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 406BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 407OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 408FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 409FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 410NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 411OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 412FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 413DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 414OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 415FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 416NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 417FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 418DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 419 420Bibliography 421------------------------ 422 423Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 424Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 425System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 426 427Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 428Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 429 430McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 431Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 432System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 433 434McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 435Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 436Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 437 438Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 439 440Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 441Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 442Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 443 444Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 445URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 446 447Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 448Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 449 450BSD Release Announcements collection. 451URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 452 453BSD Hypertext Man Pages 454URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 455 456UNIX history graphing project 457URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 458 459UNIX history 460URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 461 462James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 463URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 464("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 465 466 467Acknowledgments 468--------------- 469 470Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 471original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 472 473Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 474 475-- 476Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 477URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 478 479$FreeBSD$ 480