1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | | 191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 193 | | | | | | | 194 *---FreeBSD 6.0 | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 195 | | | | | | | 196 | V | | \ | | 197 | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 198 | | | | | 199 | | NetBSD 3.0 | | 200 | | | | | 201FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 202 | | | | | 203 v v v v v 204 205Time 206---------------- 207 208Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 209was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 210 211[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 212 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 213 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 214[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 215[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 216[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 217[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 218[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 219[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 220 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 221[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 222 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 223[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 224 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 225 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 226[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 227[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 228[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 229[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 230[USE] Usenet announcement. 231[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 232[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 233 234Multics 1965 235UNIX Summer 1969 236 DEC PDP-7 237First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 238 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 239Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 240 10 UNIX installations 241Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 242 Pipes, 16 installations 243Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 244 rewriting in C effected, 245 above 30 installations 246Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 247 above 50 installations 248Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 249 port to DEC Vax 250Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 251 first portable UNIX 252Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 253 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 254 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 255 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 256 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 257 and networking part by the streams mechanism 258 259Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 260Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 261 2621BSD late 1977 263 1978-03-09 [QCU] 264 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 265 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 266 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2672BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 268 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2692.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2702.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 271 2722.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 273 set of performance improvements 2742.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2752.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2762.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2772.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2782.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2792.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2802.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 281 28232V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2833BSD late 1979 [QCU] 284 virtual memory, page replacement, 285 demand paging 2864.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2874.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2884.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 289 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2904.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2914.1cBSD late 1982 292 beta release, IPC [44B] 2934.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 294 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2954.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 296 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2974.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2984.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 299 1989-01-01 [DOC] 3004.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 3014.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 302 303BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 304 first code released to people outside BSDI 305386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 306BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 307BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 308386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3094.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 310BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 311 first external gamma; G customers 312BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 313 would have been 1.0 except for request 314 for preliminary injunction 315BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 316 injunction denied; first official release 317NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3184.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 319NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 320FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 321BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3224.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 323FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 324FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 325FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 326 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 327NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 328386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 329FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 330BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 331FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 332BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3334.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 334 the true final distribution from the CSRG 335FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 336NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 337BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 338FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 339NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 340OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 341FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 342FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 343Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 344FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 345BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 346FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 347FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 348FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 349NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 350OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 351FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 352OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 353NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 354FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 355NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 356BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 357OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 358NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 359FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 360BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 361 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 362FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 363 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 364 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 365 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 366FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 367OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 368NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 369FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 370BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 371NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 372FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 373OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 374NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 375FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 376OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 377FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 378BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 379FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 380NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 381OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 382FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 383FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 384FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 385FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 386FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 387NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 388BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 389OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 390NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 391Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 392FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 393OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 394NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 395NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 396FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 397Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 398OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 399FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 400BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 401OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 402FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 403NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 404FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 405Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 406NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 407FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 408OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 409FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 410 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 411 -current, similar to 3.0. 412FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 413NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 414OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 415BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 416FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 417Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 418FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 419BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 420OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 421FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 422FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 423NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 424OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 425FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 426DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 427OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 428FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 429NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 430FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 431DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 432NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 433Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 434FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 435OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 436NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 437OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 438FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 439NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 440NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 441 442Bibliography 443------------------------ 444 445Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 446Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 447System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 448 449Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 450Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 451 452McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 453Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 454System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 455 456McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 457Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 458Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 459 460Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 461 462Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 463Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 464Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 465 466Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 467URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 468 469Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 470Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 471 472BSD Release Announcements collection. 473URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 474 475BSD Hypertext Man Pages 476URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 477 478UNIX history graphing project 479URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 480 481UNIX history 482URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 483 484James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 485URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 486("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 487 488 489Acknowledgments 490--------------- 491 492Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 493original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 494 495Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 496 497-- 498Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 499URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 500 501$FreeBSD$ 502