1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7)----|----------------------* 19 \ | | 20 \ 1BSD | 21 32V | | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* | 23 \ / | | 24 \ / | | 25 \/ | | 26 3BSD | | 27 | | | 28 4.0BSD 2.79BSD | 29 | | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD <-* 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | / | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' *--NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / | | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' | | \ | 72 | / | | | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | | | \ | 74 | / *--NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.1 -. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 115 | v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 | FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | | 117 | | | | | | | 118FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 119 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 120 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 121 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 122 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | .--*--NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | 125 | | | | | | | | | 126 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 127 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 128 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 130FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 131 | | | | | | | | | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 134 | | | | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | | | | | 137 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 140 | | | | / | | | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 142 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 143 | | | | | | 144 | | | | | | 145 | | 10.0 *--NetBSD 1.5 | | 146 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 147 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 148 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 151 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 152 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 153 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 154 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 155 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 156 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 158 | | 10.2 | | | 159 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 160 | | | *--NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 161 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 162 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 163 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 164 | | \ | | | | | 165 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 168 | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 170 | | | | | v | 171 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 174 | | | | | 175 | `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 176 | | | | \ 177FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 178 | | | | | 179FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 180 | \ | | | | 181 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 182 | 10.3 | | | 183FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 184 | | | | | | 185 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 186 | | | | | 187 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 188 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 189 | | | *--NetBSD 2.0 | | 190 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 191 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 192 | | 10.4 | | | | | 193 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 194 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 195 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 196 | | | | | | | | 197 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 198 | 6.0 | | | | | | 199 | | | | | \ | | 200 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 201 | | | | | | | 202 | | | | *--NetBSD 3.0 | | 203 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 204 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 205 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 206 | 6.1 | | | | | | | 207 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | | 208 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 209 | | | | | | | | 210 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 | 211 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | | 212 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | | 213 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | | 214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0 215 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 | 216 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0 217 | | Mac OS X | | | 218 | | 10.5 | | | 219 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 | 220 | | | *--NetBSD 4.0 | | 221 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | | 222 | \ | | | | | 223 *--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0 224 | 7.0 | | | | | | 225 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 | 226 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0 227 | | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 | 228 | | 6.4 | | | | 229 | | | | | | 230 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | | 231 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0 232 | FreeBSD 7.2 | *--NetBSD OpenBSD 4.5 | 233 | \ | | 5.0 | | 234 | \ | | / | \ | | 235 | | Mac OS X | | | \ | | 236 | | 10.6 | | | \ | | 237 | | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0 238 | | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 | 239 | | | | | | | | | 240 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | | 241 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | 242 | | FreeBSD | | | | NetBSD | | 243 | | 7.3 | | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0 244 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 | 245 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 246 | 8.1 | | | | | | | 247 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2 248 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 | 249 | | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 250 | FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | | 251 | 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1 252 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 | 253 | `-----. Mac OS X | | | | | 254 | \ 10.7 | | | | | 255 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 | 256 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 257 | 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1 258 | | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | | 259 | | 8.3 | | | | | | 260 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 261 | | | | | | 5.1.3 | | 262 | | | | | | | | | 263 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 264 | | | | | | 5.1.4 | | 265 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 | 266 | | | Mac OS X | `--------. | | 267 | | | 10.8 | | | | 268 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 269 | | | | | 6.0 | | | 270 | | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1 271 | FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | | 272 | 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | | 273 | | | | | | | | | | 274 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 275 | | | | | | | 5.2.1 | | 276 | | | | | | | | | | 277 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 278 | | | | | | | 5.2.2 | | 279 | | | | | | | | | 280 | | | | | | \ | | 281 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 282 | | | | | | 6.0.1 | | 283 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1 284 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 285 | | | | | | 6.0.2 | | 286 | | | | | | | | | 287 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 288 | | | | | | 6.0.3 | | 289 | | | | | | | | | 290 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 291 | | | | | | 6.0.4 | | 292 | | | | | | | | | 293 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 294 | | | | | | 6.0.5 | | 295 | | | | | | | | | 296 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 297 | | | | | | 6.0.6 | | 298 | | | | | | | | 299 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 300 | | | | | 6.1 | | 301 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 302 | | 8.4 | | NetBSD | | 303 | | | | | 6.1.1 | | 304 | | | | | | | 305 | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | 306 | 9.2 | | 6.1.2 | | 307 | | Mac OS X | | | | 308 | | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 | 309 | `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0 310 | \ | | | | | 311 *--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | | 312 | 10.0 | | | 6.1.3 | | 313 | | | | | | | | 314 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1 315 | | | | | | | | 316 | | | | | | | | 317 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2 318 | | | | | NetBSD | | 319 | | | | | 6.1.4 | | 320 | | | | | | | | 321 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 | 322 | | | | | | | | 323 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0 324 | | | | | | | | 325 | | | | | | | | 326 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1 327 | | | | | | | | 328 | | | | | | | | 329 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3 330 | | | | | | | | 331 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 332 | | 9.3 | | | | | 333 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.8.2 334 | | | | 6.1.5 | | 335 | | Mac OS X | | | 336 | | 10.10 | | | 337 | | | | OpenBSD 5.6 | 338 | FreeBSD | | | | 339 | 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1 340 | | | | | | 341 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2 342 | | | | | | 343 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3 344 | | | | | | 345 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4 346 | | | | | | 347 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5 348 | | | | | | 349 | | | | OpenBSD 5.7 | 350 | | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0 351 | FreeBSD | | | | 352 | 10.2 | | | | 353 | | macOS *--NetBSD 7.0 | | 354 | | 10.11 | | | OpenBSD 5.8 | 355 | | | | | `--. | DragonFly 4.4.1 356 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 5.9 | 357 | 10.3 | | | | | | 358 | | | | | NetBSD | | 359 | | | | | 7.0.1 | | 360 | `------. | | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0 361 | | | | | | | | 362 | | | | | | | | 363 *--FreeBSD | macOS | | | OpenBSD 6.0 | 364 | 11.0 | 10.12 | | NetBSD | | 365 | | | | | | 7.0.2 | | 366 | | | | | | | | 367 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 368 | | | | | | 7.1 | | 369 | | | | | | | | | 370 | | | | | | | | | 371 | | | macOS | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0 372 | | | 10.13 | | | OpenBSD 6.1 | 373 | FreeBSD | | | | | | DragonFly 5.0.0 374 | 11.1 FreeBSD | | | | | | 375 | | 10.4 | | | | OpenBSD 6.2 DragonFly 5.0.1 376 | | | | | | | | 377 | `------. | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 5.0.2 378 | | | | | 7.1.1 | | 379 | | | | | | | | 380 | | | | | NetBSD | | 381 | | | | | 7.1.2 `--. | 382 | | | | | | | 383 | | | | `-----. OpenBSD 6.3 | 384 | | | *--NetBSD | | DragonFly 5.2.0 385 | | | | 8.0 | | | 386 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.1 387 | | | | | | | | 388 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.2 389 | FreeBSD | | | *--NetBSD | | 390 | 11.2 | | | 7.2 | | 391 | | macOS | | | | 392 | | 10.14 | | OpenBSD 6.4 | 393 | | | | | | | 394 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.0 395 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 396 | 12.0 | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.1 397 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.5 | 398 | | | | | | | | 399 | | | | | NetBSD | | 400 | | | | | 8.1 | DragonFly 5.6 401 | | | | | | | | 402 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.1 403 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 404 | | 11.3 10.15 | | | | 405 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 6.6 | 406 | 12.1 | macOS | `-------. | | 407 | | | 10.15.1 | | | DragonFly 5.6.2 408 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 409 | | | | | 9.0 | | | 410 | | | | | | | | | 411 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8 412 | | | | | | | | | 413 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.3 414 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 415 | | | | | | 8.2 | | 416 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.1 417 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.7 | 418 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 419 | | 11.4 | | | | | | 420 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.2 421 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.3 422 | | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.8 | 423 | FreeBSD macOS | 9.1 | | | 424 | 12.2 11 | | | | | 425 | | | | | | | | 426 | `------. | | | | | | 427 | | | | | | | | 428 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 429 | 13.0 | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.9 DragonFly 6.0.0 430 | | | | | 9.2 | | | 431 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.0.1 432 | | | | | | | | | 433 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | OpenBSD 7.0 | 434 | | 12.3 12 | | | | | 435 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.1 436 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.1 | 437 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 438 | 13.1 | | | | | | | 439 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.2 440 | | | | | NetBSD | | | 441 | | | macOS | 9.3 | OpenBSD 7.2 | 442 | | | 13 | | | | | 443 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 444 | | 12.4 | | | | | | 445 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.0 446 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.3 | 447 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 448 | 13.2 | | | | | | 449 | | | | | | | | 450 | `------. | | | | | | 451 | | macOS | | | | | 452 | | 14 | | | | | 453 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.4 | 454 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 455 | 14.0 | | | | | | | 456 | | | | | | | | | 457 | | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | | 458 | | 13.3 | | 9.4 | | | 459 | | | | | | | | 460 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 461 | | | | | 10.0 | | | 462 | | | | | | | | 463 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.5 | 464 | | | | | NetBSD | | 465 | | | | | 8.3 | | 466 | FreeBSD | | | | | 467 | 14.1 | | | | | 468 | | | macOS | | | 469 | | | 15 | | | 470 | | FreeBSD | | | | 471 | | 13.4 | | OpenBSD 7.6 | 472 | FreeBSD | | | | 473 | 14.2 | | | | 474 | | | | | 475FreeBSD 15 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly -current 476 | | | | | 477 v v v v v 478 479Time 480---------------- 481 482Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it was 483the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 484 485[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 486 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System. 487[APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/] 488[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 489[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 490[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 491[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 492[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, Volume 11, 493 Info 4, April, 1987. 494[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 495 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 496[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. Changes in the 497 Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, 498 July, 1983. 499[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 500[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 501[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. ISBN 0201547775, EAN 502 9780201547771 503[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 504[TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/ 505[USE] Usenet announcement. 506[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 507[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 508 509Multics 1965 510UNIX Summer 1969 511 DEC PDP-7 512First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 513 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 514Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 515 10 UNIX installations 516Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 517 Pipes, 16 installations 518Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 519 rewriting in C effected, 520 above 30 installations 521Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 522 above 50 installations 523Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 524 port to DEC Vax 525Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS] 526 first portable UNIX 527Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 528 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 529 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 530 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 531 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 532 and networking part by the streams mechanism 533 534Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 535Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 536 5371BSD late 1977 538 1978-01-16 [DOC] 539 1978-03-09 [QCU] 540 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 541 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 542 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 5432BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 544 75 2BSD tapes shipped 5452.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS] 5462.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 547 First 2BSD with bootable V7 kernel plus 548 community fixes. 5492.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 550 set of performance improvements 5512.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 5522.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS] 5532.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 5542.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 5552.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 5562.11BSD 1991-03-14 [SMS] 5572.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 558 55932V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS] 5603BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] 561 virtual memory, page replacement, 562 demand paging 5634.0BSD 1980-10-xx 5644.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 5654.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 566 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 5674.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 5684.1cBSD late 1982 569 beta release, IPC [44B] 5704.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 571 1983-08-03 [DOC] 5724.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 573 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 5744.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 5754.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 576 1989-01-01 [DOC] 5774.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 5784.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 579 580BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 581 first code released to people outside BSDI 582386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 583BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 584BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 585386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 5864.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 587BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 588 first external gamma; G customers 589BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 590 would have been 1.0 except for request 591 for preliminary injunction 592BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 593 injunction denied; first official release 594NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 5954.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 596NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 597FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 598FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] 599 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release. 600BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 6014.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 602FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 603FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 604FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 605 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 606NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 607386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 608FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 609BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 610FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 611BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 6124.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 613 the true final distribution from the CSRG 614FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 615NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 616BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 617FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 618NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 619OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 620FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 621FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 622Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 623FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 624BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 625FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 626FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 627FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 628NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 629OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 630FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 631OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 632NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 633FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 634NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 635BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 636OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 637NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 638FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 639BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 640 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 641FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 642 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 643 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 644 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 645FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 646OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 647NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 648FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 649BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 650NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 651FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 652OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 653NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 654FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 655OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 656FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 657BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 658FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 659NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 660OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 661FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 662FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 663FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 664FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 665FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 666NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 667BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 668OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 669NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 670Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 671FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 672OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 673NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 674NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 675FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 676Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 677OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 678FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 679BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 680OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 681FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 682NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 683FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 684Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 685NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 686FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 687OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 688FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 689 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 690 -current, similar to 3.0. 691FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 692NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 693OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 694BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 695FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 696Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 697FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 698BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 699OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 700FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 701FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 702NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 703OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 704FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 705DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 706OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 707FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 708NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 709FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 710DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 711NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 712Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 713FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 714OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 715NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 716OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 717FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 718NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 719NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 720DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 721FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD] 722OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 723FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 724FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 725NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release) 726DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 727OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD] 728NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release) 729NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD] 730FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD] 731DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB] 732OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD] 733DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB] 734Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL] 735OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD] 736NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD] 737FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD] 738DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB] 739FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD] 740OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD] 741DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB] 742OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD] 743FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD] 744FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD] 745DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB] 746NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD] 747OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD] 748FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD] 749Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL] 750NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 751DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB] 752OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD] 753FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD] 754NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release) 755FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD] 756DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB] 757OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD] 758FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD] 759DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB] 760OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD] 761NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD] 762FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD] 763FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD] 764DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB] 765OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD] 766Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL] 767OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD] 768FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD] 769NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 770DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB] 771FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD] 772OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD] 773Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL] 774NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD] 775OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD] 776DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB] 777NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD] 778NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release) 779FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD] 780DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB] 781OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD] 782NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release) 783NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD] 784FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD] 785NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD] 786NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD] 787NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD] 788FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD] 789NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD] 790NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD] 791Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL] 792OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD] 793DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB] 794FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD] 795NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 796NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD] 797NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 798NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD] 799DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB] 800DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB] 801NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NBD] 802NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NBD] 803OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD] 804DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB] 805DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB] 806DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB] 807FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD] 808DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB] 809NetBSD 6.0.6 2014-09-22 [NBD] 810NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD] 811Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL] 812OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD] 813FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD] 814DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB] 815DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB] 816DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB] 817DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB] 818DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB] 819OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD] 820DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB] 821FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD] 822NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD] 823OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL] 824OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD] 825DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB] 826OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD] 827FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD] 828NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD] 829DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB] 830OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD] 831macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL] 832FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD] 833NetBSD 7.0.2 2016-10-21 [NBD] 834NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD] 835DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB] 836OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD] 837FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD] 838macOS 10.13 2017-09-25 [APL] 839FreeBSD 10.4 2017-10-03 [FBD] 840OpenBSD 6.2 2017-10-09 [OBD] 841DragonFly 5.0.0 2017-10-16 [DFB] 842DragonFly 5.0.1 2017-11-06 [DFB] 843DragonFly 5.0.2 2017-12-04 [DFB] 844NetBSD 7.1.1 2017-12-22 [NBD] 845NetBSD 7.1.2 2018-03-15 [NBD] 846OpenBSD 6.3 2018-04-02 [OBD] 847DragonFly 5.2.0 2018-04-10 [DFB] 848DragonFly 5.2.1 2018-05-20 [DFB] 849DragonFly 5.2.2 2018-06-18 [DFB] 850FreeBSD 11.2 2018-06-27 [FBD] 851NetBSD 8.0 2018-07-17 [NBD] 852NetBSD 7.2 2018-08-29 [NBD] 853macOS 10.14 2018-09-24 [APL] 854OpenBSD 6.4 2018-10-18 [OBD] 855DragonFly 5.4.0 2018-12-03 [DFB] 856FreeBSD 12.0 2018-12-11 [FBD] 857DragonFly 5.4.1 2018-12-24 [DFB] 858OpenBSD 6.5 2019-05-01 [OBD] 859NetBSD 8.1 2019-06-04 [NBD] 860DragonFly 5.6 2019-06-17 [DFB] 861DragonFly 5.6.1 2019-06-19 [DFB] 862FreeBSD 11.3 2019-07-09 [FBD] 863DragonFly 5.6.2 2019-08-11 [DFB] 864OpenBSD 6.6 2019-10-17 [OBD] 865macOS 10.15 2019-10-07 [APL] 866macOS 10.15.1 2019-10-29 [APL] (security/critical release) 867FreeBSD 12.1 2019-11-04 [FBD] 868NetBSD 9.0 2020-02-14 [NBD] 869DragonFly 5.8 2020-03-03 [DFB] 870DragonFly 5.6.3 2020-03-11 [DFB] 871NetBSD 8.2 2020-03-31 [NBD] 872DragonFly 5.8.1 2020-05-06 [DFB] 873OpenBSD 6.7 2020-05-19 [OBD] 874FreeBSD 11.4 2020-06-16 [FBD] 875DragonFly 5.8.2 2020-09-23 [DFB] 876DragonFly 5.8.3 2020-09-24 [DFB] 877OpenBSD 6.8 2020-10-18 [OBD] 878NetBSD 9.1 2020-10-18 [NBD] 879FreeBSD 12.2 2020-10-27 [FBD] 880macOS 11 2020-11-12 [APL] 881FreeBSD 13.0 2021-04-13 [FBD] 882OpenBSD 6.9 2021-05-01 [OBD] 883DragonFly 6.0 2021-05-08 [DFB] 884NetBSD 9.2 2021-05-12 [NBD] 885DragonFly 6.0.1 2021-10-12 [DFB] 886OpenBSD 7.0 2021-10-14 [OBD] 887macOS 12 2021-10-25 [APL] 888FreeBSD 12.3 2021-12-01 [FBD] 889DragonFly 6.2.1 2022-01-09 [DFB] 890OpenBSD 7.1 2022-04-21 [OBD] 891FreeBSD 13.1 2022-05-17 [FBD] 892DragonFly 6.2.2 2022-06-09 [DFB] 893NetBSD 9.3 2022-08-04 [NBD] 894OpenBSD 7.2 2022-10-20 [OBD] 895macOS 13 2022-10-24 [APL] 896FreeBSD 12.4 2022-12-05 [FBD] 897DragonFly 6.4 2022-12-30 [DFB] 898OpenBSD 7.3 2023-04-10 [OBD] 899FreeBSD 13.2 2023-04-11 [FBD] 900macOS 14 2023-09-26 [APL] 901OpenBSD 7.4 2023-10-16 [OBD] 902FreeBSD 14.0 2023-11-20 [FBD] 903FreeBSD 13.3 2024-03-05 [FBD] 904NetBSD 10.0 2024-03-28 [NBD] 905OpenBSD 7.5 2024-04-05 [OBD] 906NetBSD 9.4 2024-04-20 [NBD] 907NetBSD 8.3 2024-05-04 [NBD] 908FreeBSD 14.1 2024-06-04 [FBD] 909macOS 15 2024-09-16 [APL] 910FreeBSD 13.4 2024-09-17 [FBD] 911OpenBSD 7.6 2024-10-08 [OBD] 912FreeBSD 14.2 2024-12-03 [FBD] 913 914Bibliography 915------------------------ 916 917Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 918Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 919System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 920 921Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 922Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 923 924McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 925Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 926System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 927 928McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 929Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 930Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 931 932McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The 933Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition. 934Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2 935 936Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 937 938Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 939Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 940Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 941 942Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 943URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20081230094857/http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 944 945Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 946Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 947 948FreeBSD Release Information 949URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 950 951Manual pages for FreeBSD and ports 952URL: https://man.FreeBSD.org 953 954FreeBSD Documentation Archive 955URL: https://docs-archive.freebsd.org/doc/ 956 957UNIX history graphing project 958URL: https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/ 959 960UNIX history 961URL: https://www.levenez.com/unix/ 962 963James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 964URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090427195917/http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 965("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 966 967 968Acknowledgments 969--------------- 970 971Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 972original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 973 974Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 975 976-- 977Copyright (c) 1997-2024 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org> 978URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 979