1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | v | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 142 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | v 143 | | | | v OpenBSD 2.9 144 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | 145 | v | | | 146 | | | | 147FreeBSD 5.0-current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 148 | | | | 149 v | v v 150 Mac OS X 151 10.1 152 153Time 154---------------- 155 156Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 157was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 158 159[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 160 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 161 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 162[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 163[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 164[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 165[U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. 166[USE] Usenet announcement. 167[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 168 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 169 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 170[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 171 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 172[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 173 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 174[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 175[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 176[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 177[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 178[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 179[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 180 181Multics 1965 182UNIX Summer 1969 183 DEC PDP-7 184First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 185 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 186Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 187 10 UNIX installations 188Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 189 Pipes, 16 installations 190Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 191 rewriting in C effected, 192 above 30 installations 193Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 194 above 50 installations 195Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 196 port to DEC Vax 197Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 198 first portable UNIX 199Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 200 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 201 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 202 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 203 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 204 and networking part by the streams mechanism 205 206Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 207Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 208 2091BSD late 1977 210 1978-03-09 [QCU] 211 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 212 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 213 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2142BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 215 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2162.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2172.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 218 2192.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 220 set of performance improvements 2212.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2222.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2232.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2242.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2252.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2262.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2272.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 228 22932V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2303BSD late 1979 [QCU] 231 virtual memory, page replacement, 232 demand paging 2334.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2344.1BSD 1981-06-xx 2354.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 236 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2374.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2384.1cBSD late 1982 239 beta release, IPC [44B] 2404.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 2414.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 242 1986-04-xx [KB] 2434.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-xx [QCU] 2444.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 2454.3BSD Reno 1990-06-xx [QCU], [DOC] 2464.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-xx [QCU] 247 248BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 249 first code released to people outside BSDI 250386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 251BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 252BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 253386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2544.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 255BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 256 first external gamma; G customers 257BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 258 would have been 1.0 except for request 259 for preliminary injunction 260BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 261 injunction denied; first official release 262NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2634.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 264NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 265FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 266BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 2674.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 268FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 269FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 270 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 271NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 272386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 273FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 274BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 275FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 276BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 2774.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 278 the true final distribution from the CSRG 279FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 280NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 281BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 282FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 283NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 284OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 285FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 286FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 287Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 288FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 289BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 290FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 291FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 292FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 293NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 294OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 295FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 296OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 297NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 298FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 299NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 300BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 301OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 302NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 303FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 304BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 305 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 306FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 307 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 308 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 309 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 310FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 311OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 312NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 313FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 314BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 315NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 316FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 317OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 318NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 319FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 320OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 321FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 322BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 323FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 324NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 325OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 326FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 327FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 328FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 329FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 330FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 331NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 332BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 333OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 334NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 335Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 336FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 337OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 338NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 339Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-xx [APL] 340 341 342Bibliography 343------------------------ 344 345Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 346Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 347System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 348 349Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 350Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 351 352McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 353Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 354System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 355 356Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 357 358Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 359Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 360Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 361 362Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 363URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 364 365Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 366Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 367 368BSD Release Announcements collection. 369URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 370 371BSD Hypertext Man Pages 372URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 373 374UNIX history graphing project 375URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 376 377UNIX history 378URL: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/ 379 380James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 381URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 382("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 383 384 385Acknowledgments 386--------------- 387 388Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 389original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 390 391Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 392 393-- 394Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 395URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 396 397$FreeBSD$ 398