1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.79BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | / | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 115 | v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 | FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | | 117 | | | | | | | 118FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 119 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 120 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 121 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 122 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | 125 | | | | | | | | | 126 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 127 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 128 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 130FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 131 | | | | | | | | | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 134 | | | | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | | | | | 137 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 138 | | | | (?) | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 140 | | | | / | | | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 142 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 143 | | | | | | 144 | | | | | | 145 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 146 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 147 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 148 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 151 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 152 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 153 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 154 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 155 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 156 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 158 | | 10.2 | | | 159 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 160 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 161 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 162 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 163 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 164 | | \ | | | | | 165 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 168 | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 170 | | | | | v | 171 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 174 | | | | | 175 | `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 176 | | | | \ 177FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 178 | | | | | 179FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 180 | \ | | | | 181 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 182 | 10.3 | | | 183FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 184 | | | | | | 185 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 186 | | | | | 187 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 188 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 189 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 190 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 191 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 192 | | 10.4 | | | | | 193 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 194 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 195 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 196 | | | | | | | | 197 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 198 | 6.0 | | | | | | 199 | | | | | \ | | 200 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 201 | | | | | | | 202 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | | 203 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 204 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 205 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 206 | 6.1 | | | | | | | 207 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | | 208 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 209 | | | | | | | | 210 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 | 211 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | | 212 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | | 213 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | | 214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0 215 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 | 216 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0 217 | | Mac OS X | | | 218 | | 10.5 | | | 219 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 | 220 | | | NetBSD 4.0 | | 221 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | | 222 | \ | | | | | 223 *--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0 224 | 7.0 | | | | | | 225 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 | 226 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0 227 | | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 | 228 | | 6.4 | | | | 229 | | | | | | 230 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | | 231 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0 232 | FreeBSD 7.2 | NetBSD 5.0 OpenBSD 4.5 | 233 | \ | | | \ | | 234 | | Mac OS X | | \ | | 235 | | 10.6 | | \ | | 236 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0 237 | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 | 238 | | | | | | | | 239 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 240 | 8.0 | | | | | | | 241 | | FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | | 242 | | 7.3 | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0 243 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 | 244 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 245 | 8.1 | | | | | | 246 | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2 247 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 | 248 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 249 | FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | | 250 | 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1 251 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 | 252 | `-----. Mac OS X | | | | | 253 | \ 10.7 | | | | | 254 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 | 255 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 256 | 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1 257 | | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | | 258 | | 8.3 | | | | | | 259 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 260 | | | | | | 5.1.3 | | 261 | | | | | | | | | 262 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 263 | | | | | | 5.1.4 | | 264 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 | 265 | | | Mac OS X | `----. | | 266 | | | 10.8 | \ | | 267 | | | | NetBSD 6.0 | | | 268 | | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1 269 | FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | | 270 | 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | | 271 | | | | | | | | | | 272 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 273 | | | | | | | 5.2.1 | | 274 | | | | | | | | | | 275 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 276 | | | | | | | 5.2.2 | | 277 | | | | | | | | | 278 | | | | | | \ | | 279 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 280 | | | | | | 6.0.1 | | 281 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1 282 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 283 | | | | | | 6.0.2 | | 284 | | | | | | | | | 285 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 286 | | | | | | 6.0.3 | | 287 | | | | | | | | | 288 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 289 | | | | | | 6.0.4 | | 290 | | | | | | | | | 291 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 292 | | | | | | 6.0.5 | | 293 | | | | | | | | 294 | | | | | |`-NetBSD 6.1 | | 295 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 296 | | 8.4 | | NetBSD 6.1.1 | | 297 | | | | | | | 298 | FreeBSD | | NetBSD 6.1.2 | | 299 | 9.2 Mac OS X | | | | 300 | | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 | 301 | `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0 302 | \ | | | | | 303 *--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD 6.1.3 | | 304 | 10.0 | | | | | | 305 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1 306 | | | | | | | | 307 | | | | | | | | 308 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2 309 | | | | | NetBSD 6.1.4 | | 310 | | | | | | | | 311 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 | 312 | | | | | | | | 313 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0 314 | | | | | | | | 315 | | | | | | | | 316 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1 317 | | | | | | | | 318 | | | | | | | | 319 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3 320 | | | | | | | | 321 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 322 | | 9.3 | | | | | 323 | | | | NetBSD 6.1.5 | DragonFly 3.8.2 324 | | Mac OS X | | | 325 | | 10.10 | | | 326 | | | | OpenBSD 5.6 | 327 | FreeBSD | | | | 328 | 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1 329 | | | | | | 330 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2 331 | | | | | | 332 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3 333 | | | | | | 334 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4 335 | | | | | | 336 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5 337 | | | | | | 338 | | | | OpenBSD 5.7 | 339 | | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0 340 | FreeBSD | | | | 341 | 10.2 | | | | 342 | | OS X NetBSD 7.0 | | 343 | | 10.11 | OpenBSD 5.8 | 344 | | | | | DragonFly 4.4.1 345 | FreeBSD | | OpenBSD 5.9 | 346 | 10.3 | | | | 347 | | NetBSD 7.0.1 | | 348 | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0 349 | | | | | 350 | | | | | 351 *--FreeBSD macOS | OpenBSD 6.0 | 352 | 11.0 10.12 | | | 353 | | | NetBSD 7.1 | | 354 | | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0 355 | | | | OpenBSD 6.1 | 356 | FreeBSD | | | | 357 | 11.1 | | | | 358 | | | | | 359FreeBSD 12 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly -current 360 | | | | | 361 v v v v v 362 363Time 364---------------- 365 366Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 367was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 368 369[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 370 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 371 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 372[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 373[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 374[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 375[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 376[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 377[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 378 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 379[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 380 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 381[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 382 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 383 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 384[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 385[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 386[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 387[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 388[TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/. 389[USE] Usenet announcement. 390[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 391[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 392 393Multics 1965 394UNIX Summer 1969 395 DEC PDP-7 396First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 397 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 398Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 399 10 UNIX installations 400Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 401 Pipes, 16 installations 402Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 403 rewriting in C effected, 404 above 30 installations 405Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 406 above 50 installations 407Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 408 port to DEC Vax 409Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 410 first portable UNIX 411Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 412 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 413 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 414 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 415 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 416 and networking part by the streams mechanism 417 418Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 419Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 420 4211BSD late 1977 422 1978-03-09 [QCU] 423 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 424 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 425 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 4262BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 427 75 2BSD tapes shipped 4282.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS] 4292.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 430 4312.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 432 set of performance improvements 4332.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 4342.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS] 4352.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 4362.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 4372.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 4382.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 4392.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 440 44132V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 4423BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] 443 virtual memory, page replacement, 444 demand paging 4454.0BSD 1980-10-xx 4464.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 4474.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 448 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 4494.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 4504.1cBSD late 1982 451 beta release, IPC [44B] 4524.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 453 1983-08-03 [DOC] 4544.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 455 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 4564.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 4574.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 458 1989-01-01 [DOC] 4594.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 4604.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 461 462BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 463 first code released to people outside BSDI 464386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 465BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 466BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 467386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 4684.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 469BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 470 first external gamma; G customers 471BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 472 would have been 1.0 except for request 473 for preliminary injunction 474BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 475 injunction denied; first official release 476NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 4774.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 478NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 479FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 480FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] 481 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release. 482BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 4834.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 484FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 485FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 486FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 487 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 488NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 489386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 490FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 491BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 492FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 493BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 4944.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 495 the true final distribution from the CSRG 496FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 497NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 498BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 499FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 500NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 501OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 502FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 503FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 504Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 505FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 506BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 507FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 508FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 509FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 510NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 511OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 512FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 513OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 514NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 515FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 516NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 517BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 518OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 519NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 520FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 521BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 522 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 523FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 524 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 525 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 526 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 527FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 528OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 529NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 530FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 531BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 532NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 533FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 534OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 535NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 536FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 537OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 538FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 539BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 540FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 541NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 542OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 543FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 544FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 545FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 546FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 547FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 548NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 549BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 550OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 551NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 552Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 553FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 554OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 555NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 556NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 557FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 558Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 559OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 560FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 561BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 562OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 563FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 564NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 565FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 566Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 567NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 568FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 569OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 570FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 571 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 572 -current, similar to 3.0. 573FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 574NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 575OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 576BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 577FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 578Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 579FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 580BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 581OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 582FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 583FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 584NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 585OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 586FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 587DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 588OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 589FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 590NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 591FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 592DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 593NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 594Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 595FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 596OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 597NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 598OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 599FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 600NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 601NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 602DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 603FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD] 604OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 605FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 606FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 607NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release) 608DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 609OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD] 610NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release) 611NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD] 612FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD] 613DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB] 614OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD] 615DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB] 616Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL] 617OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD] 618NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD] 619FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD] 620DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB] 621FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD] 622OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD] 623DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB] 624OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD] 625FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD] 626FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD] 627DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB] 628NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD] 629OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD] 630FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD] 631Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL] 632NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 633DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB] 634OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD] 635FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD] 636NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release) 637FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD] 638DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB] 639OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD] 640FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD] 641DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB] 642OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD] 643NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD] 644FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD] 645FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD] 646DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB] 647OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD] 648Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL] 649OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD] 650FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD] 651NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 652DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB] 653FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD] 654OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD] 655Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL] 656NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD] 657OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD] 658DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB] 659NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD] 660NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release) 661FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD] 662DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB] 663OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD] 664NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release) 665NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD] 666FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD] 667NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD] 668NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD] 669NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD] 670FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD] 671NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD] 672NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD] 673Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL] 674OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD] 675DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB] 676FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD] 677NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 678NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD] 679NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 680NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD] 681DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB] 682DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB] 683NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NDB] 684NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NDB] 685OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD] 686DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB] 687DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB] 688DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB] 689FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD] 690DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB] 691NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD] 692Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL] 693OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD] 694FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD] 695DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB] 696DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB] 697DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB] 698DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB] 699DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB] 700OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD] 701DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB] 702FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD] 703NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD] 704OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL] 705OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD] 706DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB] 707OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD] 708FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD] 709NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD] 710DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB] 711OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD] 712macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL] 713FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD] 714NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD] 715DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB] 716OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD] 717FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD] 718 719Bibliography 720------------------------ 721 722Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 723Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 724System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 725 726Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 727Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 728 729McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 730Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 731System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 732 733McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 734Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 735Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 736 737McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The 738Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition. 739Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2 740 741Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 742 743Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 744Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 745Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 746 747Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 748URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 749 750Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 751Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 752 753BSD Release Announcements collection. 754URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 755 756BSD Hypertext Man Pages 757URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 758 759UNIX history graphing project 760URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 761 762UNIX history 763URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 764 765James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 766URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 767("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 768 769 770Acknowledgments 771--------------- 772 773Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 774original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 775 776Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 777 778-- 779Copyright (c) 1997-2012 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 780URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 781 782$FreeBSD$ 783