1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | | 156 | | 10.2 | v | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.3 | 162 | | | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | OpenBSD 3.4 | 164 | | | | | | | 165 | v | | | | | 166 | | | v | | 167FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 168 | | | | BSD/OS 5.0 169FreeBSD 5.1 | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 170 | \ | | | v 171 | ----- Mac OS X | | 172 | 10.3 | | 173FreeBSD 5 -current | | | 174 | | | | 175 v v v v 176 177Time 178---------------- 179 180Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 181was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 182 183[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 184 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 185 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 186[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 187[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 188[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 189[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 190[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 191 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 192[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 193 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 194[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 195 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 196 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 197[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 198[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 199[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 200[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 201[USE] Usenet announcement. 202[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 203[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 204 205Multics 1965 206UNIX Summer 1969 207 DEC PDP-7 208First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 209 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 210Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 211 10 UNIX installations 212Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 213 Pipes, 16 installations 214Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 215 rewriting in C effected, 216 above 30 installations 217Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 218 above 50 installations 219Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 220 port to DEC Vax 221Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 222 first portable UNIX 223Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 224 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 225 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 226 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 227 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 228 and networking part by the streams mechanism 229 230Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 231Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 232 2331BSD late 1977 234 1978-03-09 [QCU] 235 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 236 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 237 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2382BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 239 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2402.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2412.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 242 2432.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 244 set of performance improvements 2452.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2462.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2472.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2482.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2492.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2502.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2512.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 252 25332V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2543BSD late 1979 [QCU] 255 virtual memory, page replacement, 256 demand paging 2574.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2584.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2594.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 260 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2614.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2624.1cBSD late 1982 263 beta release, IPC [44B] 2644.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 265 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2664.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 267 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2684.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2694.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 270 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2714.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2724.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 273 274BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 275 first code released to people outside BSDI 276386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 277BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 278BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 279386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2804.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 281BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 282 first external gamma; G customers 283BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 284 would have been 1.0 except for request 285 for preliminary injunction 286BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 287 injunction denied; first official release 288NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2894.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 290NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 291FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 292BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 2934.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 294FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 295FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 296 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 297NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 298386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 299FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 300BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 301FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 302BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3034.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 304 the true final distribution from the CSRG 305FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 306NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 307BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 308FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 309NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 310OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 311FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 312FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 313Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 314FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 315BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 316FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 317FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 318FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 319NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 320OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 321FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 322OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 323NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 324FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 325NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 326BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 327OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 328NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 329FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 330BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 331 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 332FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 333 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 334 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 335 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 336FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 337OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 338NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 339FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 340BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 341NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 342FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 343OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 344NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 345FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 346OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 347FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 348BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 349FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 350NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 351OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 352FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 353FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 354FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 355FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 356FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 357NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 358BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 359OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 360NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 361Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 362FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 363OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 364NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 365NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 366FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 367Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 368OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 369FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 370BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 371OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 372FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 373NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 374FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 375Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 376NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 377FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 378OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 379FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 380 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 381 -current, similar to 3.0. 382FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 383NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 384OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 385BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 386FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 387Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 388FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 389OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 390 391Bibliography 392------------------------ 393 394Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 395Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 396System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 397 398Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 399Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 400 401McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 402Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 403System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 404 405Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 406 407Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 408Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 409Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 410 411Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 412URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 413 414Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 415Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 416 417BSD Release Announcements collection. 418URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 419 420BSD Hypertext Man Pages 421URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 422 423UNIX history graphing project 424URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 425 426UNIX history 427URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 428 429James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 430URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 431("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 432 433 434Acknowledgments 435--------------- 436 437Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 438original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 439 440Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 441 442-- 443Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 444URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 445 446$FreeBSD$ 447