1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7)----|----------------------* 19 \ | | 20 \ 1BSD | 21 32V | | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* | 23 \ / | | 24 \ / | | 25 \/ | | 26 3BSD | | 27 | | | 28 4.0BSD 2.79BSD | 29 | | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD <-* 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | / | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' *--NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / | | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' | | \ | 72 | / | | | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | | | \ | 74 | / *--NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.1 -. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 115 | v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 | FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | | 117 | | | | | | | 118FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 119 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 120 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 121 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 122 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | .--*--NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | 125 | | | | | | | | | 126 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 127 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 128 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 130FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 131 | | | | | | | | | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 134 | | | | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | | | | | 137 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 140 | | | | / | | | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 142 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 143 | | | | | | 144 | | | | | | 145 | | 10.0 *--NetBSD 1.5 | | 146 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 147 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 148 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 151 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 152 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 153 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 154 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 155 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 156 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 158 | | 10.2 | | | 159 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 160 | | | *--NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 161 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 162 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 163 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 164 | | \ | | | | | 165 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 168 | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 170 | | | | | v | 171 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 174 | | | | | 175 | `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 176 | | | | \ 177FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 178 | | | | | 179FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 180 | \ | | | | 181 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 182 | 10.3 | | | 183FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 184 | | | | | | 185 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 186 | | | | | 187 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 188 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 189 | | | *--NetBSD 2.0 | | 190 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 191 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 192 | | 10.4 | | | | | 193 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 194 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 195 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 196 | | | | | | | | 197 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 198 | 6.0 | | | | | | 199 | | | | | \ | | 200 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 201 | | | | | | | 202 | | | | *--NetBSD 3.0 | | 203 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 204 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 205 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 206 | 6.1 | | | | | | | 207 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | | 208 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 209 | | | | | | | | 210 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 | 211 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | | 212 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | | 213 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | | 214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0 215 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 | 216 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0 217 | | Mac OS X | | | 218 | | 10.5 | | | 219 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 | 220 | | | *--NetBSD 4.0 | | 221 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | | 222 | \ | | | | | 223 *--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0 224 | 7.0 | | | | | | 225 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 | 226 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0 227 | | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 | 228 | | 6.4 | | | | 229 | | | | | | 230 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | | 231 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0 232 | FreeBSD 7.2 | *--NetBSD OpenBSD 4.5 | 233 | \ | | 5.0 | | 234 | \ | | / | \ | | 235 | | Mac OS X | | | \ | | 236 | | 10.6 | | | \ | | 237 | | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0 238 | | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 | 239 | | | | | | | | | 240 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | | 241 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | 242 | | FreeBSD | | | | NetBSD | | 243 | | 7.3 | | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0 244 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 | 245 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 246 | 8.1 | | | | | | | 247 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2 248 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 | 249 | | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 250 | FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | | 251 | 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1 252 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 | 253 | `-----. Mac OS X | | | | | 254 | \ 10.7 | | | | | 255 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 | 256 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 257 | 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1 258 | | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | | 259 | | 8.3 | | | | | | 260 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 261 | | | | | | 5.1.3 | | 262 | | | | | | | | | 263 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 264 | | | | | | 5.1.4 | | 265 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 | 266 | | | Mac OS X | `--------. | | 267 | | | 10.8 | | | | 268 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 269 | | | | | 6.0 | | | 270 | | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1 271 | FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | | 272 | 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | | 273 | | | | | | | | | | 274 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 275 | | | | | | | 5.2.1 | | 276 | | | | | | | | | | 277 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 278 | | | | | | | 5.2.2 | | 279 | | | | | | | | | 280 | | | | | | \ | | 281 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 282 | | | | | | 6.0.1 | | 283 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1 284 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 285 | | | | | | 6.0.2 | | 286 | | | | | | | | | 287 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 288 | | | | | | 6.0.3 | | 289 | | | | | | | | | 290 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 291 | | | | | | 6.0.4 | | 292 | | | | | | | | | 293 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 294 | | | | | | 6.0.5 | | 295 | | | | | | | | | 296 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 297 | | | | | | 6.0.6 | | 298 | | | | | | | | 299 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 300 | | | | | 6.1 | | 301 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 302 | | 8.4 | | NetBSD | | 303 | | | | | 6.1.1 | | 304 | | | | | | | 305 | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | 306 | 9.2 | | 6.1.2 | | 307 | | Mac OS X | | | | 308 | | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 | 309 | `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0 310 | \ | | | | | 311 *--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | | 312 | 10.0 | | | 6.1.3 | | 313 | | | | | | | | 314 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1 315 | | | | | | | | 316 | | | | | | | | 317 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2 318 | | | | | NetBSD | | 319 | | | | | 6.1.4 | | 320 | | | | | | | | 321 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 | 322 | | | | | | | | 323 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0 324 | | | | | | | | 325 | | | | | | | | 326 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1 327 | | | | | | | | 328 | | | | | | | | 329 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3 330 | | | | | | | | 331 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 332 | | 9.3 | | | | | 333 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.8.2 334 | | | | 6.1.5 | | 335 | | Mac OS X | | | 336 | | 10.10 | | | 337 | | | | OpenBSD 5.6 | 338 | FreeBSD | | | | 339 | 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1 340 | | | | | | 341 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2 342 | | | | | | 343 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3 344 | | | | | | 345 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4 346 | | | | | | 347 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5 348 | | | | | | 349 | | | | OpenBSD 5.7 | 350 | | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0 351 | FreeBSD | | | | 352 | 10.2 | | | | 353 | | macOS *--NetBSD 7.0 | | 354 | | 10.11 | | | OpenBSD 5.8 | 355 | | | | | `--. | DragonFly 4.4.1 356 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 5.9 | 357 | 10.3 | | | | | | 358 | | | | | NetBSD | | 359 | | | | | 7.0.1 | | 360 | `------. | | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0 361 | | | | | | | | 362 | | | | | | | | 363 *--FreeBSD | macOS | | | OpenBSD 6.0 | 364 | 11.0 | 10.12 | | NetBSD | | 365 | | | | | | 7.0.2 | | 366 | | | | | | | | 367 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 368 | | | | | | 7.1 | | 369 | | | | | | | | | 370 | | | | | | | | | 371 | | | macOS | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0 372 | | | 10.13 | | | OpenBSD 6.1 | 373 | FreeBSD | | | | | | DragonFly 5.0.0 374 | 11.1 FreeBSD | | | | | | 375 | | 10.4 | | | | OpenBSD 6.2 DragonFly 5.0.1 376 | | | | | | | | 377 | `------. | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 5.0.2 378 | | | | | 7.1.1 | | 379 | | | | | | | | 380 | | | | | NetBSD | | 381 | | | | | 7.1.2 `--. | 382 | | | | | | | 383 | | | | `-----. OpenBSD 6.3 | 384 | | | *--NetBSD | | DragonFly 5.2.0 385 | | | | 8.0 | | | 386 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.1 387 | | | | | | | | 388 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.2 389 | FreeBSD | | | *--NetBSD | | 390 | 11.2 | | | 7.2 | | 391 | | macOS | | | | 392 | | 10.14 | | OpenBSD 6.4 | 393 | | | | | | | 394 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.0 395 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 396 | 12.0 | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.1 397 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.5 | 398 | | | | | | | | 399 | | | | | NetBSD | | 400 | | | | | 8.1 | DragonFly 5.6 401 | | | | | | | | 402 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.1 403 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 404 | | 11.3 10.15 | | | | 405 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 6.6 | 406 | 12.1 | macOS | `-------. | | 407 | | | 10.15.1 | | | DragonFly 5.6.2 408 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 409 | | | | | 9.0 | | | 410 | | | | | | | | | 411 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8 412 | | | | | | | | | 413 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.3 414 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 415 | | | | | | 8.2 | | 416 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.1 417 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.7 | 418 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 419 | | 11.4 | | | | | 420 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.2 421 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.3 422 | | | | NetBSD 9.1 OpenBSD 6.8 | 423 | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 424 | 12.2 11 | | | | 425 | | | | | | | 426 | `------. | | | | | 427 | | | | | | | 428 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 429 | 13.0 | | | NetBSD 9.2 OpenBSD 6.9 DragonFly 6.0.0 430 | | | | | | | | 431 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.0.1 432 | | | | | | | | 433 | | FreeBSD macOS | | OpenBSD 7.0 | 434 | | 12.3 12 | | | | 435 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.1 436 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.1 | 437 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 438 | 13.1 | | | | | | 439 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.2 440 | | | | | NetBSD 9.3 | | 441 | | | macOS | OpenBSD 7.2 | 442 | | | 13 | | | 443 | | FreeBSD | | | | 444 | | 12.4 | | | | 445 | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.0 446 | | | | OpenBSD 7.3 | 447 | FreeBSD | | | | 448 | 13.2 | | | | 449 | | | | | 450FreeBSD 14 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly -current 451 | | | | | 452 v v v v v 453 454Time 455---------------- 456 457Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 458was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 459 460[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 461 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 462 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 463[APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/] 464[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 465[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 466[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 467[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 468[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 469 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 470[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 471 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 472[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 473 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 474 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 475[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 476[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 477[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 478[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 479[TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/. 480[USE] Usenet announcement. 481[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 482[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 483 484Multics 1965 485UNIX Summer 1969 486 DEC PDP-7 487First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 488 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 489Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 490 10 UNIX installations 491Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 492 Pipes, 16 installations 493Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 494 rewriting in C effected, 495 above 30 installations 496Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 497 above 50 installations 498Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 499 port to DEC Vax 500Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS] 501 first portable UNIX 502Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 503 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 504 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 505 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 506 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 507 and networking part by the streams mechanism 508 509Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 510Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 511 5121BSD late 1977 513 1978-01-16 [DOC] 514 1978-03-09 [QCU] 515 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 516 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 517 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 5182BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 519 75 2BSD tapes shipped 5202.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS] 5212.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 522 First 2BSD with bootable V7 kernel plus 523 community fixes. 5242.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 525 set of performance improvements 5262.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 5272.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS] 5282.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 5292.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 5302.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 5312.11BSD 1991-03-14 [SMS] 5322.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 533 53432V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS] 5353BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] 536 virtual memory, page replacement, 537 demand paging 5384.0BSD 1980-10-xx 5394.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 5404.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 541 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 5424.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 5434.1cBSD late 1982 544 beta release, IPC [44B] 5454.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 546 1983-08-03 [DOC] 5474.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 548 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 5494.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 5504.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 551 1989-01-01 [DOC] 5524.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 5534.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 554 555BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 556 first code released to people outside BSDI 557386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 558BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 559BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 560386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 5614.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 562BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 563 first external gamma; G customers 564BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 565 would have been 1.0 except for request 566 for preliminary injunction 567BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 568 injunction denied; first official release 569NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 5704.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 571NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 572FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 573FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] 574 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release. 575BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 5764.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 577FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 578FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 579FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 580 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 581NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 582386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 583FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 584BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 585FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 586BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 5874.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 588 the true final distribution from the CSRG 589FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 590NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 591BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 592FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 593NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 594OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 595FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 596FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 597Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 598FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 599BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 600FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 601FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 602FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 603NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 604OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 605FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 606OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 607NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 608FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 609NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 610BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 611OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 612NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 613FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 614BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 615 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 616FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 617 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 618 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 619 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 620FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 621OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 622NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 623FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 624BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 625NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 626FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 627OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 628NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 629FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 630OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 631FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 632BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 633FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 634NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 635OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 636FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 637FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 638FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 639FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 640FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 641NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 642BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 643OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 644NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 645Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 646FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 647OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 648NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 649NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 650FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 651Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 652OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 653FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 654BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 655OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 656FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 657NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 658FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 659Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 660NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 661FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 662OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 663FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 664 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 665 -current, similar to 3.0. 666FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 667NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 668OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 669BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 670FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 671Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 672FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 673BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 674OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 675FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 676FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 677NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 678OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 679FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 680DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 681OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 682FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 683NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 684FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 685DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 686NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 687Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 688FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 689OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 690NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 691OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 692FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 693NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 694NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 695DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 696FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD] 697OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 698FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 699FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 700NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release) 701DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 702OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD] 703NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release) 704NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD] 705FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD] 706DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB] 707OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD] 708DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB] 709Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL] 710OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD] 711NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD] 712FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD] 713DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB] 714FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD] 715OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD] 716DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB] 717OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD] 718FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD] 719FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD] 720DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB] 721NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD] 722OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD] 723FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD] 724Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL] 725NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 726DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB] 727OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD] 728FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD] 729NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release) 730FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD] 731DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB] 732OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD] 733FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD] 734DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB] 735OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD] 736NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD] 737FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD] 738FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD] 739DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB] 740OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD] 741Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL] 742OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD] 743FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD] 744NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 745DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB] 746FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD] 747OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD] 748Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL] 749NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD] 750OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD] 751DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB] 752NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD] 753NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release) 754FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD] 755DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB] 756OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD] 757NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release) 758NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD] 759FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD] 760NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD] 761NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD] 762NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD] 763FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD] 764NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD] 765NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD] 766Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL] 767OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD] 768DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB] 769FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD] 770NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 771NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD] 772NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 773NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD] 774DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB] 775DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB] 776NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NBD] 777NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NBD] 778OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD] 779DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB] 780DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB] 781DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB] 782FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD] 783DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB] 784NetBSD 6.0.6 2014-09-22 [NBD] 785NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD] 786Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL] 787OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD] 788FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD] 789DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB] 790DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB] 791DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB] 792DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB] 793DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB] 794OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD] 795DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB] 796FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD] 797NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD] 798OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL] 799OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD] 800DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB] 801OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD] 802FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD] 803NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD] 804DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB] 805OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD] 806macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL] 807FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD] 808NetBSD 7.0.2 2016-10-21 [NBD] 809NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD] 810DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB] 811OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD] 812FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD] 813macOS 10.13 2017-09-25 [APL] 814FreeBSD 10.4 2017-10-03 [FBD] 815OpenBSD 6.2 2017-10-09 [OBD] 816DragonFly 5.0.0 2017-10-16 [DFB] 817DragonFly 5.0.1 2017-11-06 [DFB] 818DragonFly 5.0.2 2017-12-04 [DFB] 819NetBSD 7.1.1 2017-12-22 [NBD] 820NetBSD 7.1.2 2018-03-15 [NBD] 821OpenBSD 6.3 2018-04-02 [OBD] 822DragonFly 5.2.0 2018-04-10 [DFB] 823DragonFly 5.2.1 2018-05-20 [DFB] 824DragonFly 5.2.2 2018-06-18 [DFB] 825FreeBSD 11.2 2018-06-27 [FBD] 826NetBSD 8.0 2018-07-17 [NBD] 827NetBSD 7.2 2018-08-29 [NBD] 828macOS 10.14 2018-09-24 [APL] 829OpenBSD 6.4 2018-10-18 [OBD] 830DragonFly 5.4.0 2018-12-03 [DFB] 831FreeBSD 12.0 2018-12-11 [FBD] 832DragonFly 5.4.1 2018-12-24 [DFB] 833OpenBSD 6.5 2019-05-01 [OBD] 834NetBSD 8.1 2019-06-04 [NBD] 835DragonFly 5.6 2019-06-17 [DFB] 836DragonFly 5.6.1 2019-06-19 [DFB] 837FreeBSD 11.3 2019-07-09 [FBD] 838DragonFly 5.6.2 2019-08-11 [DFB] 839OpenBSD 6.6 2019-10-17 [OBD] 840macOS 10.15 2019-10-07 [APL] 841macOS 10.15.1 2019-10-29 [APL] (security/critical release) 842FreeBSD 12.1 2019-11-04 [FBD] 843NetBSD 9.0 2020-02-14 [NBD] 844DragonFly 5.8 2020-03-03 [DFB] 845DragonFly 5.6.3 2020-03-11 [DFB] 846NetBSD 8.2 2020-03-31 [NBD] 847DragonFly 5.8.1 2020-05-06 [DFB] 848OpenBSD 6.7 2020-05-19 [OBD] 849FreeBSD 11.4 2020-06-16 [FBD] 850DragonFly 5.8.2 2020-09-23 [DFB] 851DragonFly 5.8.3 2020-09-24 [DFB] 852OpenBSD 6.8 2020-10-18 [OBD] 853NetBSD 9.1 2020-10-18 [NBD] 854FreeBSD 12.2 2020-10-27 [FBD] 855macOS 11 2020-11-19 [APL] 856FreeBSD 13.0 2021-04-13 [FBD] 857OpenBSD 6.9 2021-05-01 [OBD] 858DragonFly 6.0 2021-05-08 [DFB] 859NetBSD 9.2 2021-05-12 [NBD] 860DragonFly 6.0.1 2021-10-12 [DFB] 861OpenBSD 7.0 2021-10-14 [OBD] 862macOS 12 2021-10-25 [APL] 863FreeBSD 12.3 2021-12-01 [FBD] 864DragonFly 6.2.1 2022-01-09 [DFB] 865OpenBSD 7.1 2022-04-21 [OBD] 866FreeBSD 13.1 2022-05-17 [FBD] 867DragonFly 6.2.2 2022-06-09 [DFB] 868NetBSD 9.3 2022-08-04 [NBD] 869OpenBSD 7.2 2022-10-20 [OBD] 870macOS 13 2022-10-24 [APL] 871FreeBSD 12.4 2022-12-05 [FBD] 872DragonFly 6.4 2022-12-30 [DFB] 873OpenBSD 7.3 2023-04-10 [OBD] 874FreeBSD 13.2 2023-04-11 [FBD] 875 876Bibliography 877------------------------ 878 879Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 880Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 881System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 882 883Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 884Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 885 886McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 887Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 888System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 889 890McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 891Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 892Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 893 894McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The 895Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition. 896Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2 897 898Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 899 900Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 901Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 902Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 903 904Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 905URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20081230094857/http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 906 907Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 908Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 909 910BSD Release Announcements collection. 911URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 912 913BSD Hypertext Man Pages 914URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 915 916UNIX history graphing project 917URL: https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 918 919UNIX history 920URL: https://www.levenez.com/unix/ 921 922James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 923URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090427195917/http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 924("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 925 926 927Acknowledgments 928--------------- 929 930Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 931original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 932 933Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 934 935-- 936Copyright (c) 1997-2012 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 937URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 938