1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 70Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72 10:00 AQ AE%sT 73Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 77 78# South Australia 79# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99 9:30 AS AC%sT 100 101# Tasmania 102# 103# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106# 107# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132 10:00 AT AE%sT 133Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137 10:00 AT AE%sT 138 139# Victoria 140# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158 10:00 AV AE%sT 159 160# New South Wales 161# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181 10:00 AN AE%sT 182Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187 9:30 AS AC%sT 188 189# Lord Howe Island 190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 205Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207 10:30 LH LH%sT 208 209# Australian miscellany 210# 211# Ashmore Is, Cartier 212# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213# no times are set 214# 215# Coral Sea Is 216# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217# no times are set 218# 219# Macquarie 220# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226# 227# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231# on 4 April. 232# 233# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 246 247# Christmas 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 251 252# Cocos (Keeling) Is 253# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 258 259 260# Fiji 261 262# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263 264# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267# 268# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271 272# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274# amendments: 275# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276 277# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282# 283# Official source: 284# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285# 286# A bit more background info here: 287# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288 289# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296 297# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300# 301# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302# which says 303# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305# 2am on February 26 next year. 306 307# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310# 311# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312# states: 313# 314# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318 319# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324 325# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329 330# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333 334# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 335# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 336# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 337 338# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20): 339# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 340# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it 341# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future 342# practice than guessing no DST. 343 344# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 345Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 346Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 347Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 348Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 349Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 350Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 351Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 352Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 353Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 354Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 357 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 358 359# French Polynesia 360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 362 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 363Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 364 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 365Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 366 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 367# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 368# it is uninhabited. 369 370# Guam 371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 372Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 373 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 374 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 376 377# Kiribati 378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 380 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 381Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 382 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 383 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 384 13:00 - PHOT 385Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 386 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 387 -10:00 - LINT 1995 388 14:00 - LINT 389 390# N Mariana Is 391# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 392Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 393 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 394 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 395 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 396 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 397 398# Marshall Is 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 401 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 402 12:00 - MHT 403Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 404 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 405 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 406 12:00 - MHT 407 408# Micronesia 409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 411 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 412Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 413 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 414Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 415 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 416 12:00 - KOST 1999 417 11:00 - KOST 418 419# Nauru 420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 422 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 423 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 424 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 425 12:00 - NRT 426 427# New Caledonia 428# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 429Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 430Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 431Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 432# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 433Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 434# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 435Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 436 11:00 NC NC%sT 437 438 439############################################################################### 440 441# New Zealand 442 443# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 444Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 445Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 446Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 447Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 448Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 449Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 450Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 451# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 452# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 453# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 454Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 455Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 456Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 457Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 458Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 459Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 460Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 461Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 462Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 463Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 464Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 465Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 466Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 467Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 468Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 469Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 470Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 471Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 472# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 474 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 475 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 476Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 477 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 478 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 479 480Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 481 482# Auckland Is 483# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 484# and scientific personnel have wintered 485 486# Campbell I 487# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 488# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 489# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 490# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 491 492# Cook Is 493# From Shanks & Pottenger: 494# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 495Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 496Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 497Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 498# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 499Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 500 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 501 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 502 503############################################################################### 504 505 506# Niue 507# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 509 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 510 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 511 -11:00 - NUT 512 513# Norfolk 514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 516 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 517 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 518 519# Palau (Belau) 520# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 522 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 523 524# Papua New Guinea 525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 527 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 528 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 529# 530# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 531# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 532# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 533# 534# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 535# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 536# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 537# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 538# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 539# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 540# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 541# 542# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 543# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 544# abbreviate this as BST. See: 545# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 546# 547Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 548 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 549 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 550 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 551 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 552 11:00 - BST 553 554# Pitcairn 555# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 557 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 558 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 559 560# American Samoa 561Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 562 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 563 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 564 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 565 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 566 567# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 568 569# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 570# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 571# the following info: 572# 573# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 574# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 575# Sunday of April 2011." 576# 577# Background info: 578# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 579# 580# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 581# contain any dates: 582# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 583 584# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 585# Please see 586# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 587# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 588# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 589# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 590# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 591 592# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 593# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 594# 595# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 596# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 597# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 598# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 599 600# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 601# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 602# 603# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 604 605# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 606# The International Date Line Act 2011 607# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 608# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 609# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 610# accordingly. 611 612# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 613# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 614# 615# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 616# 617# DST 618# Year End Time Start Time 619# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 620# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 621# 622# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 623# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 624# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 625# 626# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 627# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 628# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 629# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 630# 631# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 632# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 633# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 634 635# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 636Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 637Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 638Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 639Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 640Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 641# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 642Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 643 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 644 -11:30 - WSST 1950 645 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 646 13:00 WS WS%sT 647 648# Solomon Is 649# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 650# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 651Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 652 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 653 654# Tokelau Is 655# 656# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 657# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 658# December 31 this year ... 659# 660# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 661# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 662# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 663# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 664# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 665# 666# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 667# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 668# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 669# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 670# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 671# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 672 673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 675 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 676 13:00 - TKT 677 678# Tonga 679# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 680Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 681Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 682Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 683Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 686 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 687 13:00 - TOT 1999 688 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 689 690# Tuvalu 691# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 692Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 693 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 694 695 696# US minor outlying islands 697 698# Howland, Baker 699# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 700# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 701# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 702# uninhabited thereafter. 703# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 704# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 705# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 706# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 707# until they were abandoned after the war. 708 709# Jarvis 710# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 711# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 712# uninhabited thereafter. 713# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 714 715# Johnston 716# 717# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 718# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 719# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 720# treat it like Hawaii for now. 721# 722# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 723# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 724# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 725# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 726# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 727# 728# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 729# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 730# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 731# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 732# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 733# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 734# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 735# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 736# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 737# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 738# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 739# Minus One Hour". 740# 741# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 742 743# Kingman 744# uninhabited 745 746# Midway 747# 748# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 749# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 750# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 751# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 752# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 753# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 754# designations that I've never seen before:.... 755# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 756# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 757# 758Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 759 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 760 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 761 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 762 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 763 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 764 765# Palmyra 766# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 767 768# Wake 769# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 770Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 771 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 772 773 774# Vanuatu 775# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 776Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 777Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 778Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 779Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 780Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 781Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 782# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 783Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 784 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 785 786# Wallis and Futuna 787# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 789 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 790 791############################################################################### 792 793# NOTES 794 795# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 796# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 797# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 798# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 799 800# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 801# 802# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 803# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 804# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 805# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 806# 807# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 808# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 809# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 810# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 811# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 812# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 813# 814# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 815# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 816# I found in the UCLA library. 817# 818# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 819# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 820# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 821# 822# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 823# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 824# 825# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 826# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 827# Corrections are welcome! 828# std dst 829# LMT Local Mean Time 830# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 831# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 832# 9:00 JST Japan 833# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 834# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 835# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 836# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 837# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 838# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 839# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 840# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 841# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 842# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 843# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 844# -11:00 SST Samoa 845# -10:00 HST Hawaii 846# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 847# 848# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 849# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 850 851############################################################################### 852 853# Australia 854 855# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 856# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 857# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 858# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 859# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 860# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 861# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 862# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 863# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 864# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 865# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 866# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 867 868# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 869# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 870# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 871# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 872 873# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 874# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 875# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 876# covers New South Wales in particular. 877 878# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 879# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 880# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 881# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 882# abbreviation does _not_ change... 883# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 884# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 885# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 886# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 887# time'. 888# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 889# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 890# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 891# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 892# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 893# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 894# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 895 896# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 897# 898# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 899# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 900# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 901# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 902# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 903# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 904# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 905# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 906# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 907# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 908# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 909# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 910# 911# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 912# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 913# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 914# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 915# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 916# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 917# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 918# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 919# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 920# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 921# 922# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 923# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 924# 925# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 926# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 927# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 928# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 929# 930# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 931# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 932# 933# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 934# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 935# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 936# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 937# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 938# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 939# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 940# 941# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 942# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 943# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 944# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 945# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 946# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 947# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 948# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 949# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 950# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 951# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 952# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 953# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 954# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 955# 956# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 957# 958# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 959# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 960# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 961# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 962# 963# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 964# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 965# EST CST WST EDT CDT 966# 967# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 968# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 969# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 970# 971# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 972# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 973# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 974# 975# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 976# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 977# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 978# 979# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 980# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 981# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 982# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 983# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 984# appear in reports of events with international implications. 985# 986# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 987# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 988# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 989# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 990# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 991# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 992# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 993# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 994# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 995 996# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 997# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 998# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 999# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1000# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1001# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1002# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1003 1004# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1005# 1006# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1007# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1008# relevant entries in this database. 1009# 1010# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1011# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1012# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1013# ACT 1014# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1015# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1016# SA 1017# Standard Time Act, 1898 1018# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1019 1020# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1021# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1022# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1023# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1024# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1025# 1026# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1027# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1028# to extend DST together in 2006. 1029# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1030# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1031# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1032# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1033# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1034# allude to it. 1035# But not Queensland 1036# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1037 1038# Northern Territory 1039 1040# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1041# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1042# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1043# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1044# ... 1045# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1046 1047# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1048# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1049# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1050 1051# Western Australia 1052 1053# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1054# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1055# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1056# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1057# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1058# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1059# # before reaching parliament. 1060# ... 1061# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1062# ... 1063# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1064# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1065# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1066# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1067 1068# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1069# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1070# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1071 1072# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1073# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1074# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1075# work at 9.00am.) 1076# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1077# everybody again. 1078 1079# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1080# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1081# it matches what was used in the past. 1082 1083# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1084# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1085# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1086# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1087 1088# Queensland 1089# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1090# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1091# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1092# ... 1093# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1094# ... 1095# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1096# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1097# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1098# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1099 1100# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1101# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1102# October 1989). 1103 1104# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1105# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1106# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1107# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1108 1109# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1110# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1111# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1112# me.) 1113 1114# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1115# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1116# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1117# ... 1118# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1119# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1120# ... 1121 1122# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1123# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1124 1125# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1126# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1127# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1128# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1129 1130# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1131# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1132# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1133# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1134# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1135# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1136# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1137# Australia and Western Australia.... 1138# 1139# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1140# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1141# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1142# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1143# 1144# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1145# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1146# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1147# coast of the continent. 1148# 1149# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1150# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1151# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1152# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1153# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1154# 1155# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1156# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1157# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1158# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1159# 1160# (2006-12-09): 1161# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1162# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1163# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1164# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1165 1166# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1167# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1168# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1169 1170 1171# southeast Australia 1172# 1173# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1174# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1175# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1176# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1177 1178 1179# South Australia 1180 1181# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1182# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1183# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1184# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1185 1186# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1187# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1188# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1189# ... 1190# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1191# ... 1192# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1193# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1194# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1195# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1196 1197# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1198# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1199# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1200# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1201 1202# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1203# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1204# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1205# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1206# is on... 1207 1208# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1209# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1210# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1211# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1212 1213# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1214# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1215# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1216# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1217 1218# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1219# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1220# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1221# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1222 1223# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1224# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1225 1226# Tasmania 1227 1228# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1229# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1230# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1231# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1232 1233# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1234# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1235# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1236# (but nothing new about that). 1237 1238# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1239# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1240# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1241# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1242# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1243# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1244 1245# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1246# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1247 1248# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1249# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1250 1251# Victoria 1252 1253# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1254# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1255# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1256# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1257 1258# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1259# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1260# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1261# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1262# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1263# in Melbourne, Australia. 1264# 1265# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1266# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1267# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1268# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1269# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1270# expected time. 1271# 1272# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1273# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1274# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1275# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1276# 1277# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1278# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1279 1280# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1281# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1282 1283# New South Wales 1284 1285# From Arthur David Olson: 1286# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1287# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1288# who notes: 1289# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1290# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1291# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1292# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1293# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1294# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1295 1296# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1297# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1298# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1299# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1300# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1301 1302# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1303# See the following official NSW source: 1304# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1305# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1306# 1307# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1308# daylight saving next year. See: 1309# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1310# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1311# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1312# 1313# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1314# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1315# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1316# 1317# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1318# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1319# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1320# 1321# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1322# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1323# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1324# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1325# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1326# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1327# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1328# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1329# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1330# 1331# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1332# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1333# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1334 1335# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1336# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1337# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1338 1339# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1340# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1341# towns to use Queensland time. 1342 1343# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1344# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1345 1346# Yancowinna 1347 1348# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1349# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1350 1351# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1352# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1353# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1354# ... 1355# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1356# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1357# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1358# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1359# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1360# # presently available. 1361# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1362# ... 1363# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1364# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1365# [followed by other Rules] 1366 1367# Lord Howe Island 1368 1369# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1370# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1371# [ Dec 1990 ] 1372# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1373# hour ahead of NSW time. 1374 1375# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1376# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1377# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1378# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1379# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1380# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1381# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1382# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1383# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1384# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1385 1386# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1387# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1388# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1389# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1390# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1391# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1392 1393# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1394# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1395# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1396 1397# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1398# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1399 1400# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1401# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1402# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1403# summer (southern hemisphere). 1404# 1405# From 1406# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1407# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1408# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1409# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1410# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1411# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1412# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1413# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1414# 1415# We have a wrap-up here: 1416# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1417############################################################################### 1418 1419# New Zealand 1420 1421# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1422# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1423# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1424# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1425# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1426 1427# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1428# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1429# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1430# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1431# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1432# ... 1433# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1434# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1435# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1436# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1437# ... 1438# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1439# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1440 1441# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1442# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1443# rather than the October 1 value. 1444 1445# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1446# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1447# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1448# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1449# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1450# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1451# 1452# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1453# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1454# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1455# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1456# 1457# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1458# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1459# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1460 1461# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1462# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1463# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1464# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1465# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1466 1467# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1468# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1469# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1470# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1471# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1472# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1473# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1474# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1475# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1476# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1477# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1478# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1479 1480############################################################################### 1481 1482 1483# Fiji 1484 1485# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1486# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1487# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1488 1489# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1490# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1491# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1492# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1493 1494# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1495# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1496 1497# From the BBC World Service in 1498# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1499# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1500# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1501# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1502# of the new millennium. 1503 1504# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1505# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1506 1507 1508# Kiribati 1509 1510# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1511# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1512# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1513# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1514 1515 1516# Kwajalein 1517 1518# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1519# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1520# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1521# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1522# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1523 1524 1525# N Mariana Is, Guam 1526 1527# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1528# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1529# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1530# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1531# see Asia/Manila. 1532 1533# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1534# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1535# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1536# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1537 1538 1539# Micronesia 1540 1541# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1542# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1543# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1544# 1545# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1546# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1547 1548# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1549# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1550# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1551# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1552# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1553# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1554 1555 1556# Midway 1557 1558# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1559# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1560# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1561# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1562# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1563# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1564# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1565# air at 6am your time. 1566# 1567# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1568# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1569# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1570# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1571 1572 1573# Pitcairn 1574 1575# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1576# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1577# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1578# 1579# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1580# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1581# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1582# 1583# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1584# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1585# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1586 1587# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1588# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1589# ... at midnight. 1590 1591# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1592# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1593# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1594# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1595 1596 1597# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1598 1599# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1600# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1601# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1602# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1603# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1604 1605# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1606# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1607# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1608# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1609# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1610# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1611# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1612# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1613 1614# Tonga 1615 1616# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1617# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1618# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1619# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1620 1621# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1622# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1623# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1624# 1625# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1626# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1627# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1628# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1629# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1630# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1631# 1632# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1633# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1634# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1635# 1636# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1637# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1638# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1639# minutes we have lost?" 1640# 1641# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1642# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1643# to say your prayers in the morning." 1644 1645# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1646# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1647 1648# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1649# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1650# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1651# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1652# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1653# Government. 1654 1655# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1656# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1657# 1658# I was given this link by John Letts: 1659# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1660# 1661# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1662# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1663# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1664# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1665 1666# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1667# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1668# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1669# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1670# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1671# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1672# set back an hour on the closing date." 1673# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1674 1675# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1676# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1677# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1678 1679# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1680# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1681# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1682# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1683# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1684# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1685# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1686 1687# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1688# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1689 1690# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1691# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1692# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1693# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1694# hour to 1:00am. 1695 1696# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1697# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1698 1699 1700# Wake 1701 1702# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1703# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1704# 1705# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1706# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1707# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1708# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1709# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1710# impossible. 1711# 1712# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1713 1714# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1715# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1716 1717############################################################################### 1718 1719# The International Date Line 1720 1721# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1722# 1723# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1724# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1725# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1726# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1727# 1728# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1729# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1730# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1731# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1732# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1733# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1734# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1735# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1736# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1737# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1738# correct date is ambiguous. 1739 1740# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1741# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1742# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1743# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1744# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1745# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1746# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1747# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1748# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1749# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1750# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1751# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1752# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1753 1754# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1755# (2005-03-20): 1756# 1757# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1758# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1759# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1760# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1761