1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D 24 25# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26# Northern Territory 27Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 28 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 29 9:30 Aus AC%sT 30# Western Australia 31# 32# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 34Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 35Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 38Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 40Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 41Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 42Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 43 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 44 8:00 AW AW%sT 45Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:45 Aus %z 1943 Jul 47 8:45 AW %z 48 49# Queensland 50# 51# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 52# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 53# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 54# Queensland ceased to. 55# 56# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 57# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 58# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 59# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 60# so use Lindeman. 61# 62# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 63# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 64# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 65# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 66# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 67# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 68# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 69# 70# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 72Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 73Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 74Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 75Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 76Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 77Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 78 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 79 10:00 AQ AE%sT 80Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 83 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 84 85# South Australia 86# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 102# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 103Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 104 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 105 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 106 9:30 AS AC%sT 107 108# Tasmania 109# 110# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 111# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 112# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 113# 114# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 116Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 118Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 129Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 135Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 137Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143 144# Victoria 145# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 146Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 150Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 160# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 163 10:00 AV AE%sT 164 165# New South Wales 166# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 168Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 169Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 170Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 183# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 186 10:00 AN AE%sT 187Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 189 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 190 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 191 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 192 9:30 AS AC%sT 193 194# Lord Howe Island 195# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 197Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 210Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 212 10:30 LH %z 1985 Jul 213 10:30 LH %z 214 215# Australian miscellany 216# 217# Ashmore Is, Cartier 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 219# no times are set 220# 221# Coral Sea Is 222# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 223# no times are set 224# 225# Macquarie 226# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 227# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 228# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 229# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 230# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 231# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 232# 233# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 234# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 235# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 236# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 237# on 4 April. 238# 239# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 240# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 241# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 242# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 243# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 244Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 245 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 246 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 247 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 248 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 250 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 253 254# Fiji 255 256# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 257 258# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 259# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 260# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 261# 262# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 263# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 264# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 265 266# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 267# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 268# amendments: 269# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 270 271# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 272# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 273# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 274# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 275# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 276# 277# Official source: 278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279# 280# A bit more background info here: 281# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 282 283# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 284# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 285# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 286# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 287# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 288# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 289# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 290 291# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 292# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 293# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 294# 295# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 296# which says 297# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 298# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 299# 2am on February 26 next year. 300 301# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 302# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 303# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 304# 305# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 306# states: 307# 308# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 309# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 310# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 311# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 312 313# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 314# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 315# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 316# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 317# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 318 319# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 320# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 321# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 322# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 323 324# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 325# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 326# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-(1).aspx 327 328# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 329# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 330# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 331 332# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 333# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 334# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 335# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 336# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 337# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 338 339# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 340# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 341# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 342# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 343# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 344 345# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 346# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 347# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 348# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 349 350# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 351# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 352# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 353 354# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 355# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 356# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 357# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 358# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 359# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 360# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 361# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 362# than guessing no DST. 363# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 364# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 365 366# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 367# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 368# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 369# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 370# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 371# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 372# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 373# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 374# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 375# 376# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan 377# (2021-10-12): 378# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21 379# https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/ 380# In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in 381# Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the 382# suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process 383# of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight 384# Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of 385# scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be 386# concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple 387# thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and 388# internationally." 389 390# From Shalvin Narayan (2022-10-27): 391# Please note that there will not be any daylight savings time change 392# in Fiji for 2022-2023.... 393# https://www.facebook.com/FijianGovernment/posts/pfbid0mmWVTYmTibn66ybpFda75pDcf34SSpoSaskJW5gXwaKo5Sgc7273Q4fXWc6kQV6Hl 394 395# From Almaz Mingaleev (2023-10-06): 396# Cabinet approved the suspension of Daylight Saving and appropriate 397# legislative changes will be considered including the repeal of the 398# Daylight Saving Act 1998 399# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/CABINET-DECISIONS-3-OCTOBER-2023 400# 401# From Paul Eggert (2023-10-06): 402# For now, assume DST is suspended indefinitely. 403 404# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 405Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 406Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 407Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 408Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 409Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 410Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 411Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 412Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 413Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 414Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 415Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 416Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 417# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 419 12:00 Fiji %z 420 421# French Polynesia 422# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Rikitea 424 -9:00 - %z 425Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 426 -9:30 - %z 427Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Papeete 428 -10:00 - %z 429# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 430# it is uninhabited. 431 432 433# Guam 434# N Mariana Is 435 436# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 437# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 438# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 439Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 440# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 441Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 442# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 443Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 444# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 445Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 446# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 447Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 448Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 449# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 450# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 451# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 452Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 453Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 454# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 455Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 456# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 457Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 458# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 459Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 460# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 461Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 462# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 463Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 464# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 465Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 466 467# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 469 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 470 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 471 9:00 - %z 1944 Jul 31 472 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 473 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 474 475 476# Kiribati (Gilbert Is) 477# Marshall Is 478# Tuvalu 479# Wake 480# Wallis & Futuna 481# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 482Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 483 12:00 - %z 484 485# Kiribati (except Gilbert Is) 486# See Pacific/Tarawa for the Gilbert Is. 487# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 488Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31 489 -12:00 - %z 1979 Oct 490 -11:00 - %z 1994 Dec 31 491 13:00 - %z 492Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 493 -10:40 - %z 1979 Oct 494 -10:00 - %z 1994 Dec 31 495 14:00 - %z 496 497# Marshall Is 498# See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations. 499# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 500Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 501 11:00 - %z 1937 502 10:00 - %z 1941 Apr 1 503 9:00 - %z 1944 Feb 6 504 11:00 - %z 1969 Oct 505 -12:00 - %z 1993 Aug 20 24:00 506 12:00 - %z 507 508# Micronesia 509# For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby. 510# For Pohnpei see Pacific/Guadalcanal. 511# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 512Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 513 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 514 11:00 - %z 1914 Oct 515 9:00 - %z 1919 Feb 1 516 11:00 - %z 1937 517 10:00 - %z 1941 Apr 1 518 9:00 - %z 1945 Aug 519 11:00 - %z 1969 Oct 520 12:00 - %z 1999 521 11:00 - %z 522 523# Nauru 524# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 526 11:30 - %z 1942 Aug 29 527 9:00 - %z 1945 Sep 8 528 11:30 - %z 1979 Feb 10 2:00 529 12:00 - %z 530 531# New Caledonia 532# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 533Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 534Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 535Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 536# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 537Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 538# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 539Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 540 11:00 NC %z 541 542 543############################################################################### 544 545# New Zealand 546# McMurdo Station and Scott Base in Antarctica use Auckland time. 547 548# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 549Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 550Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 551Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 552Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 553Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 554Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 555Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 556# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 557# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 558# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 559# time to percolate out. 560Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 561Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 562Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 563Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 564Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 565Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 566Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 567Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 568Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 569Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 570Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 571Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 572Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 573Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 574Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 575Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 576Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 577Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 578# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 579Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 580 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 581 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 582 583Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 584 12:15 - %z 1946 Jan 1 585 12:45 Chatham %z 586 587# Auckland Is 588# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 589# and scientific personnel have wintered 590 591# Campbell I 592# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 593# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 594# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 595# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 596 597# Cook Is 598# 599# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24): 600# In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar. 601# According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of 602# the International Date line, when they came from Sydney. 603# Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead.... 604# http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html 605# ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 606# https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3 607# (page 20) 608# 609# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24): 610# ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at 611# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/ 612# "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the 613# Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island." 614# so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915. 615# This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ... 616# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/ 617# "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook 618# Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were 619# situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes 620# West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be 621# determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and 622# seventy degrees West of Greenwich." 623# This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it 624# applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just 625# legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of 626# 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19. 627# 628# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24): 629# Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 630# 631# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 632Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 633Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 634Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 635# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 636Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua 637 -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 638 -10:30 - %z 1978 Nov 12 639 -10:00 Cook %z 640 641############################################################################### 642 643 644# Niue 645# See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition. 646# 647# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13): 648# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for 649# Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964: 650# Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23 651# Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23 652# Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition. 653 654# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 655Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi 656 -11:20 - %z 1964 Jul 657 -11:00 - %z 658 659# Norfolk 660# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 661Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 662 11:12 - %z 1951 663 11:30 - %z 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 664 11:30 1:00 %z 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 665 11:30 - %z 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 666 11:00 - %z 2019 Jul 667 11:00 AN %z 668 669# Palau (Belau) 670# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 671Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 672 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 673 9:00 - %z 674 675# Papua New Guinea 676# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 677Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 678 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 679 10:00 - %z 680# 681# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 682# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 683# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 684# 685# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 686# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 687# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 688# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 689# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 690# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 691# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 692# 693# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 694# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 695# See: 696# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 697# 698Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 699 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 700 10:00 - %z 1942 Jul 701 9:00 - %z 1945 Aug 21 702 10:00 - %z 2014 Dec 28 2:00 703 11:00 - %z 704 705# Pitcairn 706# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 707Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 708 -8:30 - %z 1998 Apr 27 0:00 709 -8:00 - %z 710 711# American Samoa 712# Midway 713Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 714 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 715 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 716 717# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 718 719# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 720# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 721# the following info: 722# 723# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 724# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 725# Sunday of April 2011." 726# 727# Background info: 728# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 729# 730# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 731# contain any dates: 732# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20(English)%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 733 734# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 735# Please see 736# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 737# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 738# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 739# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 740# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 741 742# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 743# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 744# 745# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 746# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 747# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 748# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 749 750# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 751# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 752# 753# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 754 755# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 756# The International Date Line Act 2011 757# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 758# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 759# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 760# accordingly. 761 762# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 763# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 764# 765# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 766# 767# DST 768# Year End Time Start Time 769# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 770# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 771# 772# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 773# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 774# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 775# 776# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 777# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 778# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 779# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 780# 781# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 782# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 783# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 784# 785# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): 786# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf 787# DST has been cancelled for this year. 788 789# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 790Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 791Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 792Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 793Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 794Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 795# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 796Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 797 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 798 -11:30 - %z 1950 799 -11:00 WS %z 2011 Dec 29 24:00 800 13:00 WS %z 801 802# Solomon Is 803# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 804# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 805Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct 1 # Honiara 806 11:00 - %z 807 808# Tokelau 809# 810# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 811# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 812# December 31 this year ... 813# 814# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 815# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 816# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 817# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 818# actually was to UT-11 back then. 819# 820# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 821# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 822# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 823# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 824# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 825# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 826 827# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 828Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 829 -11:00 - %z 2011 Dec 30 830 13:00 - %z 831 832# Tonga 833# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 834Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 835Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 836Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 837Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 838Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 839Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 840# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 841Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 842 12:20 - %z 1961 843 13:00 - %z 1999 844 13:00 Tonga %z 845 846 847# US minor outlying islands 848 849# Howland, Baker 850# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 851# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 852# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 853# uninhabited thereafter. 854# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 855# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 856# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 857# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 858# until they were abandoned after the war. 859 860# Jarvis 861# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 862# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 863# uninhabited thereafter. 864# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 865 866# Johnston 867# 868# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 869# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 870# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 871# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 872# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 873# 874# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 875# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 876# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 877# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 878# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 879# 880# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 881# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 882# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 883# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 884# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 885# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 886# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 887# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 888# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 889# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 890# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 891# Minus One Hour". 892 893# Kingman 894# uninhabited 895 896# Palmyra 897# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 898 899 900# Vanuatu 901 902# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 903# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 904# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 905# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 906# 907# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 908# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 909# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 910# 911# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] 912# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 913# 914# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) 915# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 916# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html 917# 918# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] 919# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ 920# 921# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] 922# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 923 924# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 925Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - 926Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - 927Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 928Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 929Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 930Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 931# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 932Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 933 11:00 Vanuatu %z 934 935############################################################################### 936 937# NOTES 938 939# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 940# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 941# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 942# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 943 944# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 945# 946# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 947# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 948# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 949# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 950# 951# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 952# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 953# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 954# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 955# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 956# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 957# 958# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 959# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 960# I found in the UCLA library. 961# 962# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 963# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 964# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 965# 966# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: 967# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), 968# page 752, 18b. 969# 970# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 971# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 972# 973# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 974# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 975# Corrections are welcome! 976# std dst 977# LMT Local Mean Time 978# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 979# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 980# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 981# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 982# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 983# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 984# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 985# -11:00 SST Samoa 986# -10:00 HST Hawaii 987# 988# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 989# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 990 991############################################################################### 992 993# Australia 994 995# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 996# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 997# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 998# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 999# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 1000# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 1001# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 1002# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 1003# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 1004# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 1005# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 1006# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 1007 1008# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1009# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] 1010# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ 1011# 1012# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] 1013# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ 1014# 1015# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] 1016# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 1017# 1018# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] 1019# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 1020# 1021# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] 1022# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 1023# 1024# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. 1025 1026 1027# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 1028# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 1029# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 1030# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 1031 1032# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 1033# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 1034# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 1035# covers New South Wales in particular. 1036 1037# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1038# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 1039# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 1040# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 1041# abbreviation does _not_ change... 1042# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 1043# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 1044# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 1045# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 1046# time'. 1047# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 1048# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 1049# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 1050# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 1051# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 1052# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 1053# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 1054 1055# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1056# 1057# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 1058# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 1059# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 1060# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 1061# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 1062# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 1063# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 1064# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 1065# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1066# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1067# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1068# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 1069# 1070# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1071# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1072# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1073# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1074# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1075# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1076# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1077# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1078# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1079# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 1080# 1081# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1082# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 1083# 1084# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1085# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1086# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1087# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 1088# 1089# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1090# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1091# 1092# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1093# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1094# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1095# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1096# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1097# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1098# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1099# 1100# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1101# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1102# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1103# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1104# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1105# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1106# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1107# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1108# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1109# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1110# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1111# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1112# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1113# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1114# 1115# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1116# 1117# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1118# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1119# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1120# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1121# 1122# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1123# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1124# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1125# 1126# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1127# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1128# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1129# 1130# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1131# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1132# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1133# 1134# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1135# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1136# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1137# 1138# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1139# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1140# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1141# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1142# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1143# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1144# 1145# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1146# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1147# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1148# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1149# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1150# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1151# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1152# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1153# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1154 1155# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1156# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1157# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1158# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1159# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1160# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1161# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1162 1163# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1164# 1165# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1166# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1167# relevant entries in this database. 1168# 1169# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1170# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1171# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1172# ACT 1173# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1174# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1175# SA 1176# Standard Time Act, 1898 1177# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1178 1179# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1180# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1181# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1182# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1183# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1184# 1185# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1186# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1187# to extend DST together in 2006. 1188# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1189# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1190# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1191# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1192# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1193# allude to it. 1194# But not Queensland 1195# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1196 1197# Northern Territory 1198 1199# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1200# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1201# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1202# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1203# ... 1204# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1205 1206# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1207# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1208# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1209 1210# Western Australia 1211 1212# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1213# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1214# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1215# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1216# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1217# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1218# # before reaching parliament. 1219# ... 1220# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1221# ... 1222# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1223# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1224# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1225# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1226 1227# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1228# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1229# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1230 1231# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1232# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1233# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1234# work at 9.00am.) 1235# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1236# everybody again. 1237 1238# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1239# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1240# it matches what was used in the past. 1241 1242# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1243# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1244# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1245# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1246 1247# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1248# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1249# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1250# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1251# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1252# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1253# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1254# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1255# [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."] 1256 1257# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1258# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1259# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1260# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1261 1262# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1263# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1264# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1265# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1266# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1267# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1268# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1269# Australia and Western Australia.... 1270# 1271# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1272# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1273# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1274# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1275# 1276# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1277# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1278# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1279# coast of the continent. 1280# 1281# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1282# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1283# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1284# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1285# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1286# 1287# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1288# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1289# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1290# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1291# 1292# (2006-12-09): 1293# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1294# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1295# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1296# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1297# 1298# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1299# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1300# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1301# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1302# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1303# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1304# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1305# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1306# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1307# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1308# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1309# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1310# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1311# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1312# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1313 1314# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1315# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1316# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1317 1318# From Stuart Bishop (2024-11-12): 1319# An article discussing the in-use but technically unofficial timezones 1320# in the Western Australian portion of the Nullarbor Plain. 1321# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-11-22/outback-wa-properties-strange-time-zones/104542494 1322# From Paul Eggert (2024-11-12): 1323# As the article says, the Eyre Bird Observatory and nearby sheep stations 1324# can use Tokyo time. Other possibilities include Asia/Chita, Asia/Seoul, 1325# and Asia/Jayapura. 1326 1327# Queensland 1328 1329# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1330# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1331# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1332# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1333# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1334 1335# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1336# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1337# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1338# ... 1339# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1340# ... 1341# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1342# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1343# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1344# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1345 1346# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1347# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1348# October 1989). 1349 1350# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1351# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1352# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1353# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1354 1355# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1356# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1357# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1358# me.) 1359 1360# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1361# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1362# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1363# ... 1364# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1365# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1366# ... 1367 1368# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1369# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1370 1371 1372# southeast Australia 1373# 1374# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1375# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1376# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1377# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1378 1379 1380# South Australia 1381 1382# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1383# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1384# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1385# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1386 1387# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1388# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1389# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1390# ... 1391# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1392# ... 1393# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1394# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1395# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1396# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1397 1398# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1399# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1400# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1401# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1402 1403# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1404# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1405# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1406# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1407# is on... 1408 1409# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1410# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1411# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1412# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1413 1414# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1415# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1416# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1417# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1418 1419# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1420# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1421# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1422# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1423 1424# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1425# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1426 1427# Tasmania 1428 1429# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1430# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. 1431# 1432# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] 1433# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ 1434# 1435# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] 1436# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ 1437# 1438# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] 1439# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ 1440# 1441# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. 1442# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. 1443# 1444# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] 1445# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ 1446# 1447# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] 1448# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ 1449 1450# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1451# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1452# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1453# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1454 1455# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1456# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1457# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1458# (but nothing new about that). 1459 1460# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1461# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1462# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1463# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1464# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1465# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1466 1467# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1468# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1469 1470# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1471# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1472 1473# Victoria 1474 1475# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1476# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1477# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1478# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1479 1480# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1481# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1482# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1483# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1484# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1485# in Melbourne, Australia. 1486# 1487# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1488# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1489# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1490# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1491# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1492# expected time. 1493# 1494# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1495# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1496# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1497# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1498# 1499# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1500# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1501 1502# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1503# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1504 1505# New South Wales 1506 1507# From Arthur David Olson: 1508# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1509# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1510# who notes: 1511# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1512# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1513# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1514# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1515# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1516# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1517 1518# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1519# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1520# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1521# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1522# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1523 1524# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1525# See the following official NSW source: 1526# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1527# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1528# 1529# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1530# daylight saving next year. See: 1531# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1532# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1533# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1534# 1535# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1536# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1537# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1538# 1539# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1540# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1541# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1542# 1543# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1544# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1545# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1546# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1547# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1548# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1549# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1550# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1551# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1552# 1553# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1554# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1555# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1556 1557# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1558# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1559# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1560 1561# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1562# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1563# towns to use Queensland time. 1564 1565# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1566# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1567 1568# Yancowinna 1569 1570# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1571# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1572 1573# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1574# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1575# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1576# ... 1577# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1578# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1579# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1580# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1581# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1582# # presently available. 1583# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1584# ... 1585# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1586# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1587# [followed by other Rules] 1588 1589# Lord Howe Island 1590 1591# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1592# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1593# [ Dec 1990 ] 1594# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1595# hour ahead of NSW time. 1596 1597# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1598# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1599# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1600# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1601# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1602# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1603# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1604# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1605# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1606# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1607 1608# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1609# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1610# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1611# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1612# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1613# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1614 1615# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1616# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1617# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1618 1619# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1620# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1621 1622# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1623# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1624# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1625# summer (southern hemisphere). 1626# 1627# From 1628# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1629# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1630# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1631# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1632# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1633# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1634# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1635# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1636# 1637# We have a wrap-up here: 1638# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1639############################################################################### 1640 1641# New Zealand 1642 1643# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1644# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1645# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1646# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1647# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1648 1649# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1650# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1651# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1652# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1653# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1654# ... 1655# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1656# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1657# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1658# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1659# ... 1660# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1661# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1662 1663# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1664# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1665# rather than the October 1 value. 1666 1667# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1668# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1669# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1670# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1671# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1672# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1673# 1674# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1675# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1676# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1677# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1678# 1679# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1680# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1681# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1682 1683# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1684# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1685# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1686# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1687# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1688 1689# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1690# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1691# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1692# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1693# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1694# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1695# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1696# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1697# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1698# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1699# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1700# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1701 1702############################################################################### 1703 1704 1705# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1706 1707# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1708# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1709# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1710# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1711# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1712# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1713# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1714# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1715# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1716# 1717# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 1718 1719# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1720# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1721# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1722# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1723# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1724# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1725# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1726# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1727# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1728# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1729# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1730# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1731# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1732# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1733# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1734# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1735# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1736# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1737# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1738# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1739 1740 1741# Fiji 1742 1743# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1744# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1745# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1746 1747# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1748# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1749# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1750# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1751 1752# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1753# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1754 1755# From the BBC World Service in 1756# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1757# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1758# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1759# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1760# of the new millennium. 1761 1762# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1763# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1764 1765 1766# Kiribati 1767 1768# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1769# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1770# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1771# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1772 1773# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1774# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1775# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1776# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1777# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1778# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1779 1780# Kanton 1781 1782# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1783# Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated 1784# island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".) 1785# Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators 1786# <https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>; 1787# Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to 1788# establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the 1789# next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial 1790# airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently 1791# for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the 1792# airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen 1793# people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5 1794# year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures 1795# <http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>. 1796 1797# Kwajalein 1798 1799# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1800# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1801# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1802# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1803# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1804# one side of the international date line to the other." 1805# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1806# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1807 1808# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31): 1809# Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時>'s 1810# citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying 1811# Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier. 1812# However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article 1813# says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States 1814# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1815# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1816# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1817# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1818# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1819# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1820 1821 1822# N Mariana Is, Guam 1823 1824# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1825# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1826# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1827# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1828# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1829 1830# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): 1831# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1832# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1833# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1834# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1835# see Asia/Manila. 1836# 1837# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1838# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1839# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1840# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1841# 1842# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1843# under the name "Chamorro standard time". There is no official abbreviation, 1844# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1845# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1846 1847# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1848 1849 1850# Marshall Is 1851# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1852 1853 1854# Micronesia (and nearby) 1855 1856# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1857# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1858# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1859 1860# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1861# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1862# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1863# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1864# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1865# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1866 1867# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1868# 1869# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1870# ... 1871# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1872# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1873# 1874# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1875# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1876# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1877# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1878# 1879# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1880# instructed to use JST at the time. 1881# 1882# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1883# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1884# longitude of the atoll. 1885# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1886# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1887# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1888# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1889# is if they keep their own time back then) 1890# 1891# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1892# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1893# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1894# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1895# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1896# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1897# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1898# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1899# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1900# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1901# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1902# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1903# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1904# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1905# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1906# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1907# time of the area. 1908# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1909# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1910# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1911# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1912# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1913# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1914# Marshall Islands. 1915# 1916# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1917# area into 2 timezones: 1918# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1919# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1920# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1921# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1922# Standard Time) 1923# 1924# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1925# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1926# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1927# 1928# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1929# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1930# period of time.... 1931# 1932# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1933# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1934# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1935# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1936# 1937# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1938# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1939# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1940# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1941# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1942# information can be found. 1943# 1944# 1945# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1946# 1947# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1948# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1949# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1950# 1951# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1952# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1953# 1954# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1955 1956 1957# Midway 1958 1959# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1960# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1961# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1962# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1963# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1964# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1965# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1966# air at 6am your time. 1967# 1968# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1969# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1970# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1971# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1972 1973# Nauru 1974 1975# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1976# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1977# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1978# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1979# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 1980# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1981# ... 1982# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1983# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1984# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1985# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1986# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1987# 1988# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1989# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1990# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1991# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1992# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1993# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1994# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1995 1996# Norfolk 1997 1998# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1999# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 2000# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 2001# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 2002# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 2003 2004# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 2005# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 2006# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 2007# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 2008# other than in 1974/5. See: 2009# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 2010# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 2011# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 2012# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 2013 2014# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 2015# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 2016# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 2017# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 2018# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 2019 2020# Palau 2021# See commentary for Micronesia. 2022 2023# Pitcairn 2024 2025# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 2026# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 2027# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 2028# 2029# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 2030# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 2031# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 2032# 2033# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 2034# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 2035# somehow in light of this proclamation. 2036 2037# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 2038# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 2039# ... at midnight. 2040 2041# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 2042# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 2043# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 2044# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 2045 2046 2047# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 2048 2049# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 2050# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 2051# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 2052# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 2053# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 2054# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 2055# https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_alaska_samoa.htm 2056 2057# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 2058# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 2059# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 2060# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 2061# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 2062# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 2063# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 2064# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 2065 2066 2067# Tonga 2068 2069# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04): 2070# In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast 2071# on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic 2072# Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360. 2073 2074# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03): 2075# [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity". 2076# Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]: 2077# On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours, 2078# 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich. 2079 2080# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 2081# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 2082# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 2083# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 2084 2085# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 2086# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 2087# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 2088# 2089# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 2090# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 2091# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 2092# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 2093# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 2094# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 2095# 2096# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 2097# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 2098# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 2099# 2100# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 2101# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 2102# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 2103# minutes we have lost?" 2104# 2105# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 2106# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 2107# to say your prayers in the morning." 2108# 2109# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael 2110# Deckers (2021-03-03): 2111# Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks & 2112# Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01. 2113# 2114# The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times, 2115# which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961: 2116# Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19 2117# Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19 2118# (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.) 2119# This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time 2120# has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further 2121# writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on 2122# 1960-10-19. (p. 255) 2123# 2124# Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to 2125# a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in 2126# 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with 2127# this over Shanks & Pottenger. 2128 2129# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 2130# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 2131# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 2132# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 2133# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 2134# Government. 2135 2136# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2137# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 2138# 2139# I was given this link by John Letts: 2140# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 2141# 2142# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 2143# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 2144# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 2145# (12 + 1 hour DST). 2146 2147# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2148# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 2149# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 2150# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 2151# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 2152# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 2153# set back an hour on the closing date." 2154# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 2155 2156# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 2157# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 2158# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 2159 2160# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 2161# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 2162# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 2163# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 2164# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 2165# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2166# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 2167 2168# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 2169# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 2170 2171# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 2172# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 2173# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 2174# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 2175# hour to 1:00am. 2176 2177# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 2178# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 2179 2180# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 2181# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2182# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2183# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2184# 2185# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2186# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2187# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2188 2189# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2190# In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister 2191# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2192# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2193# 2194# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2195# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2196 2197 2198############################################################################### 2199 2200# The International Date Line 2201 2202# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2203# 2204# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2205# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2206# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2207# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2208# 2209# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2210# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2211# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2212# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2213# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2214# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2215# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2216# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2217# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2218# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2219# correct date is ambiguous. 2220 2221# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_time> (2023-01-23): 2222# The nautical time zone system is analogous to the terrestrial time zone 2223# system for use on high seas. Under the system time changes are required for 2224# changes of longitude in one-hour steps. The one-hour step corresponds to a 2225# time zone width of 15° longitude. The 15° gore that is offset from GMT or 2226# UT1 (not UTC) by twelve hours is bisected by the nautical date line into two 2227# 7°30' gores that differ from GMT by ±12 hours. A nautical date line is 2228# implied but not explicitly drawn on time zone maps. It follows the 180th 2229# meridian except where it is interrupted by territorial waters adjacent to 2230# land, forming gaps: it is a pole-to-pole dashed line. 2231 2232# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): 2233# The American Practical Navigator <https://msi.nga.mil/Publications/APN>, 2234# 2019 edition, merely says that the International Date Line 2235# "coincides with the 180th meridian over most of its length." 2236