1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D 24 25# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26# Northern Territory 27Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 28 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 29 9:30 Aus AC%sT 30# Western Australia 31# 32# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 34Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 35Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 38Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 40Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 41Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 42Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 43 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 44 8:00 AW AW%sT 45Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 47 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 48 49# Queensland 50# 51# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 52# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 53# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 54# Queensland ceased to. 55# 56# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 57# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 58# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 59# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 60# so use Lindeman. 61# 62# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 63# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 64# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 65# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 66# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 67# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 68# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 69# 70# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 72Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 73Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 74Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 75Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 76Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 77Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 78 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 79 10:00 AQ AE%sT 80Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 83 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 84 85# South Australia 86# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 102# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 103Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 104 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 105 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 106 9:30 AS AC%sT 107 108# Tasmania 109# 110# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 111# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 112# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 113# 114# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 116Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 118Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 129Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 135Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 137Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143 144# Victoria 145# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 146Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 150Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 160# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 163 10:00 AV AE%sT 164 165# New South Wales 166# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 168Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 169Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 170Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 183# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 186 10:00 AN AE%sT 187Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 189 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 190 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 191 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 192 9:30 AS AC%sT 193 194# Lord Howe Island 195# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 197Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 210Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 212 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 213 10:30 LH +1030/+11 214 215# Australian miscellany 216# 217# Ashmore Is, Cartier 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 219# no times are set 220# 221# Coral Sea Is 222# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 223# no times are set 224# 225# Macquarie 226# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 227# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 228# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 229# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 230# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 231# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 232# 233# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 234# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 235# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 236# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 237# on 4 April. 238# 239# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 240# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 241# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 242# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 243# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 244Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 245 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 246 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 247 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 248 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 250 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 253 254# Christmas 255# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 257 7:00 - +07 258 259# Cocos (Keeling) Is 260# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 261# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 262# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 264 6:30 - +0630 265 266 267# Fiji 268 269# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 270 271# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 272# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 273# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 274# 275# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 276# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 277# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 278 279# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 280# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 281# amendments: 282# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 283 284# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 285# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 286# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 287# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 288# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 289# 290# Official source: 291# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 292# 293# A bit more background info here: 294# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 295 296# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 297# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 298# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 299# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 300# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 301# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 303 304# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 305# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 306# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 307# 308# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 309# which says 310# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 311# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 312# 2am on February 26 next year. 313 314# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 315# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 316# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 317# 318# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 319# states: 320# 321# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 322# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 323# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 324# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 325 326# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 327# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 328# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 329# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 330# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 331 332# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 333# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 334# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 335# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 336 337# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 338# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 339# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 340 341# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 342# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 343# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 344 345# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 346# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 347# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 348# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 349# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 350# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 351 352# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 353# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 354# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 355# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 356# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 357 358# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 359# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 360# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 361# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 362 363# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 364# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 365# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 366 367# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 368# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 369# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 370# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 371# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 372# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 373# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 374# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 375# than guessing no DST. 376# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 377# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 378 379# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 380# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 381# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 382# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 383# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 384# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 385# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 386# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 387# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 388# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for 389# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the 390# recent second Sunday in November pattern. 391 392# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 393Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 394Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 395Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 396Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 397Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 398Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 399Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 400Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 401Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 402Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 403Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 404Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 405Rule Fiji 2021 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 406# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 408 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 409 410# French Polynesia 411# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 413 -9:00 - -09 414Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 415 -9:30 - -0930 416Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 417 -10:00 - -10 418# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 419# it is uninhabited. 420 421# Guam 422 423# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 424# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 425# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 426Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 427# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 428Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 429# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 430Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 431# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 432Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 433# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 434Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 435Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 436# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 437# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 438# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 439Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 440Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 441# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 442Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 443# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 444Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 445# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 446Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 447# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 448Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 449# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 450Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 451# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 452Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 453 454# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 456 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 457 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 458 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 459 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 460 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 461 462# Kiribati 463# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 464Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 465 12:00 - +12 466Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31 467 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 468 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 469 13:00 - +13 470Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 471 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 472 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 473 14:00 - +14 474 475# N Mariana Is 476# See Pacific/Guam. 477 478# Marshall Is 479# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 481 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 482 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 483 11:00 - +11 1937 484 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 485 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 486 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 487 12:00 - +12 488Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 489 11:00 - +11 1937 490 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 491 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 492 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 493 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 494 12:00 - +12 495 496# Micronesia 497# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 498Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 499 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 500 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 501 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 502 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 503 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 504 10:00 - +10 505Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 506 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 507 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 508 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 509 11:00 - +11 1937 510 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 511 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 512 11:00 - +11 513Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 514 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 515 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 516 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 517 11:00 - +11 1937 518 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 519 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 520 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 521 12:00 - +12 1999 522 11:00 - +11 523 524# Nauru 525# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 527 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 528 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 529 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 530 12:00 - +12 531 532# New Caledonia 533# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 534Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 535Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 536Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 537# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 538Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 539# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 540Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 541 11:00 NC +11/+12 542 543 544############################################################################### 545 546# New Zealand 547 548# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 549Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 550Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 551Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 552Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 553Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 554Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 555Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 556# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 557# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 558# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 559# time to percolate out. 560Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 561Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 562Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 563Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 564Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 565Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 566Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 567Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 568Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 569Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 570Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 571Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 572Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 573Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 574Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 575Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 576Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 577Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 578# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 579Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 580 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 581 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 582Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 583 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 584 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 585 586# Auckland Is 587# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 588# and scientific personnel have wintered 589 590# Campbell I 591# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 592# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 593# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 594# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 595 596# Cook Is 597# 598# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24): 599# In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar. 600# According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of 601# the International Date line, when they came from Sydney. 602# Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead.... 603# http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html 604# ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 605# https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3 606# (page 20) 607# 608# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24): 609# ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at 610# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/ 611# "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the 612# Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island." 613# so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915. 614# This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ... 615# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/ 616# "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook 617# Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were 618# situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes 619# West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be 620# determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and 621# seventy degrees West of Greenwich." 622# This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it 623# applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just 624# legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of 625# 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19. 626# 627# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24): 628# Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 629# 630# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 631Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 632Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 633Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 634# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 635Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua 636 -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 637 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 638 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 639 640############################################################################### 641 642 643# Niue 644# See Pacific/Raratonga comments for 1952 transition. 645# 646# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13): 647# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for 648# Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964: 649# Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23 650# Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23 651# Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition. 652 653# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 654Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi 655 -11:20 - -1120 1964 Jul 656 -11:00 - -11 657 658# Norfolk 659# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 660Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 661 11:12 - +1112 1951 662 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 663 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 664 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 665 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 666 11:00 AN +11/+12 667 668# Palau (Belau) 669# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 670Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 671 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 672 9:00 - +09 673 674# Papua New Guinea 675# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 676Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 677 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 678 10:00 - +10 679# 680# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 681# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 682# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 683# 684# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 685# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 686# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 687# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 688# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 689# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 690# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 691# 692# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 693# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 694# See: 695# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 696# 697Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 698 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 699 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 700 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 701 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 702 11:00 - +11 703 704# Pitcairn 705# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 706Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 707 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 708 -8:00 - -08 709 710# American Samoa 711Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 712 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 713 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 714 715# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 716 717# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 718# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 719# the following info: 720# 721# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 722# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 723# Sunday of April 2011." 724# 725# Background info: 726# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 727# 728# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 729# contain any dates: 730# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 731 732# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 733# Please see 734# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 735# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 736# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 737# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 738# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 739 740# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 741# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 742# 743# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 744# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 745# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 746# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 747 748# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 749# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 750# 751# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 752 753# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 754# The International Date Line Act 2011 755# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 756# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 757# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 758# accordingly. 759 760# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 761# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 762# 763# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 764# 765# DST 766# Year End Time Start Time 767# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 768# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 769# 770# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 771# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 772# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 773# 774# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 775# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 776# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 777# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 778# 779# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 780# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 781# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 782# 783# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): 784# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf 785# DST has been cancelled for this year. 786 787# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 788Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 789Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 790Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 791Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 792Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 793# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 794Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 795 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 796 -11:30 - -1130 1950 797 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 798 13:00 WS +13/+14 799 800# Solomon Is 801# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 802# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 803Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 804 11:00 - +11 805 806# Tokelau 807# 808# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 809# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 810# December 31 this year ... 811# 812# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 813# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 814# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 815# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 816# actually was to UT-11 back then. 817# 818# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 819# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 820# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 821# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 822# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 823# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 824 825# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 826Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 827 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 828 13:00 - +13 829 830# Tonga 831# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 832Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 833Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 834Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 835Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 836Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 837Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 838# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 839Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 840 12:20 - +1220 1961 841 13:00 - +13 1999 842 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 843 844# Tuvalu 845# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 846Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 847 12:00 - +12 848 849 850# US minor outlying islands 851 852# Howland, Baker 853# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 854# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 855# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 856# uninhabited thereafter. 857# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 858# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 859# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 860# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 861# until they were abandoned after the war. 862 863# Jarvis 864# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 865# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 866# uninhabited thereafter. 867# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 868 869# Johnston 870# 871# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 872# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 873# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 874# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 875# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 876# 877# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 878# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 879# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 880# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 881# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 882# 883# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 884# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 885# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 886# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 887# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 888# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 889# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 890# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 891# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 892# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 893# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 894# Minus One Hour". 895 896# Kingman 897# uninhabited 898 899# Midway 900# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 901 902# Palmyra 903# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 904 905# Wake 906# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 907Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 908 12:00 - +12 909 910 911# Vanuatu 912 913# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 914# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 915# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 916# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 917# 918# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 919# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 920# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 921# 922# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] 923# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 924# 925# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) 926# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 927# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html 928# 929# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] 930# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ 931# 932# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] 933# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 934 935# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 936Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - 937Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - 938Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 939Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 940Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 941Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 942# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 943Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 944 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 945 946# Wallis and Futuna 947# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 948Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 949 12:00 - +12 950 951############################################################################### 952 953# NOTES 954 955# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 956# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 957# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 958# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 959 960# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 961# 962# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 963# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 964# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 965# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 966# 967# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 968# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 969# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 970# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 971# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 972# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 973# 974# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 975# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 976# I found in the UCLA library. 977# 978# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 979# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 980# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 981# 982# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 983# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 984# 985# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 986# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 987# Corrections are welcome! 988# std dst 989# LMT Local Mean Time 990# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 991# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 992# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 993# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 994# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 995# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 996# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 997# -11:00 SST Samoa 998# -10:00 HST Hawaii 999# 1000# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 1001# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 1002 1003############################################################################### 1004 1005# Australia 1006 1007# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1008# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 1009# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 1010# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 1011# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 1012# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 1013# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 1014# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 1015# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 1016# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 1017# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 1018# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 1019 1020# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1021# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] 1022# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ 1023# 1024# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] 1025# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ 1026# 1027# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] 1028# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 1029# 1030# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] 1031# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 1032# 1033# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] 1034# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 1035# 1036# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. 1037 1038 1039# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 1040# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 1041# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 1042# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 1043 1044# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 1045# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 1046# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 1047# covers New South Wales in particular. 1048 1049# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1050# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 1051# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 1052# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 1053# abbreviation does _not_ change... 1054# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 1055# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 1056# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 1057# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 1058# time'. 1059# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 1060# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 1061# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 1062# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 1063# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 1064# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 1065# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 1066 1067# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1068# 1069# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 1070# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 1071# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 1072# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 1073# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 1074# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 1075# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 1076# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 1077# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1078# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1079# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1080# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 1081# 1082# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1083# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1084# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1085# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1086# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1087# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1088# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1089# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1090# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1091# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 1092# 1093# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1094# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 1095# 1096# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1097# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1098# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1099# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 1100# 1101# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1102# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1103# 1104# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1105# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1106# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1107# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1108# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1109# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1110# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1111# 1112# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1113# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1114# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1115# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1116# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1117# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1118# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1119# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1120# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1121# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1122# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1123# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1124# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1125# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1126# 1127# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1128# 1129# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1130# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1131# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1132# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1133# 1134# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1135# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1136# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1137# 1138# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1139# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1140# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1141# 1142# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1143# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1144# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1145# 1146# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1147# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1148# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1149# 1150# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1151# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1152# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1153# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1154# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1155# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1156# 1157# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1158# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1159# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1160# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1161# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1162# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1163# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1164# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1165# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1166 1167# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1168# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1169# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1170# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1171# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1172# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1173# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1174 1175# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1176# 1177# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1178# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1179# relevant entries in this database. 1180# 1181# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1182# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1183# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1184# ACT 1185# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1186# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1187# SA 1188# Standard Time Act, 1898 1189# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1190 1191# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1192# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1193# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1194# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1195# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1196# 1197# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1198# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1199# to extend DST together in 2006. 1200# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1201# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1202# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1203# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1204# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1205# allude to it. 1206# But not Queensland 1207# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1208 1209# Northern Territory 1210 1211# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1212# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1213# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1214# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1215# ... 1216# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1217 1218# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1219# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1220# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1221 1222# Western Australia 1223 1224# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1225# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1226# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1227# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1228# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1229# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1230# # before reaching parliament. 1231# ... 1232# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1233# ... 1234# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1235# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1236# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1237# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1238 1239# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1240# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1241# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1242 1243# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1244# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1245# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1246# work at 9.00am.) 1247# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1248# everybody again. 1249 1250# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1251# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1252# it matches what was used in the past. 1253 1254# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1255# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1256# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1257# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1258 1259# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1260# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1261# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1262# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1263# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1264# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1265# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1266# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1267 1268# Queensland 1269 1270# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1271# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1272# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1273# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1274# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1275 1276# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1277# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1278# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1279# ... 1280# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1281# ... 1282# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1283# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1284# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1285# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1286 1287# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1288# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1289# October 1989). 1290 1291# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1292# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1293# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1294# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1295 1296# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1297# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1298# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1299# me.) 1300 1301# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1302# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1303# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1304# ... 1305# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1306# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1307# ... 1308 1309# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1310# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1311 1312# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1313# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1314# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1315# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1316 1317# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1318# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1319# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1320# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1321# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1322# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1323# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1324# Australia and Western Australia.... 1325# 1326# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1327# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1328# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1329# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1330# 1331# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1332# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1333# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1334# coast of the continent. 1335# 1336# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1337# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1338# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1339# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1340# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1341# 1342# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1343# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1344# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1345# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1346# 1347# (2006-12-09): 1348# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1349# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1350# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1351# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1352# 1353# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1354# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1355# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1356# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1357# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1358# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1359# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1360# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1361# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1362# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1363# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1364# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1365# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1366# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1367# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1368 1369# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1370# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1371# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1372 1373 1374# southeast Australia 1375# 1376# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1377# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1378# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1379# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1380 1381 1382# South Australia 1383 1384# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1385# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1386# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1387# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1388 1389# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1390# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1391# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1392# ... 1393# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1394# ... 1395# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1396# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1397# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1398# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1399 1400# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1401# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1402# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1403# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1404 1405# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1406# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1407# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1408# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1409# is on... 1410 1411# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1412# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1413# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1414# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1415 1416# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1417# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1418# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1419# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1420 1421# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1422# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1423# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1424# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1425 1426# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1427# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1428 1429# Tasmania 1430 1431# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1432# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. 1433# 1434# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] 1435# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ 1436# 1437# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] 1438# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ 1439# 1440# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] 1441# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ 1442# 1443# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. 1444# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. 1445# 1446# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] 1447# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ 1448# 1449# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] 1450# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ 1451 1452# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1453# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1454# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1455# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1456 1457# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1458# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1459# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1460# (but nothing new about that). 1461 1462# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1463# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1464# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1465# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1466# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1467# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1468 1469# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1470# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1471 1472# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1473# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1474 1475# Victoria 1476 1477# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1478# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1479# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1480# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1481 1482# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1483# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1484# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1485# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1486# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1487# in Melbourne, Australia. 1488# 1489# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1490# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1491# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1492# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1493# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1494# expected time. 1495# 1496# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1497# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1498# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1499# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1500# 1501# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1502# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1503 1504# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1505# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1506 1507# New South Wales 1508 1509# From Arthur David Olson: 1510# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1511# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1512# who notes: 1513# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1514# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1515# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1516# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1517# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1518# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1519 1520# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1521# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1522# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1523# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1524# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1525 1526# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1527# See the following official NSW source: 1528# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1529# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1530# 1531# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1532# daylight saving next year. See: 1533# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1534# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1535# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1536# 1537# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1538# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1539# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1540# 1541# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1542# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1543# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1544# 1545# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1546# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1547# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1548# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1549# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1550# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1551# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1552# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1553# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1554# 1555# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1556# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1557# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1558 1559# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1560# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1561# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1562 1563# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1564# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1565# towns to use Queensland time. 1566 1567# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1568# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1569 1570# Yancowinna 1571 1572# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1573# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1574 1575# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1576# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1577# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1578# ... 1579# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1580# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1581# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1582# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1583# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1584# # presently available. 1585# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1586# ... 1587# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1588# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1589# [followed by other Rules] 1590 1591# Lord Howe Island 1592 1593# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1594# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1595# [ Dec 1990 ] 1596# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1597# hour ahead of NSW time. 1598 1599# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1600# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1601# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1602# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1603# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1604# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1605# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1606# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1607# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1608# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1609 1610# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1611# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1612# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1613# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1614# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1615# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1616 1617# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1618# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1619# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1620 1621# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1622# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1623 1624# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1625# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1626# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1627# summer (southern hemisphere). 1628# 1629# From 1630# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1631# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1632# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1633# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1634# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1635# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1636# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1637# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1638# 1639# We have a wrap-up here: 1640# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1641############################################################################### 1642 1643# New Zealand 1644 1645# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1646# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1647# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1648# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1649# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1650 1651# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1652# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1653# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1654# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1655# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1656# ... 1657# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1658# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1659# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1660# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1661# ... 1662# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1663# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1664 1665# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1666# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1667# rather than the October 1 value. 1668 1669# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1670# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1671# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1672# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1673# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1674# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1675# 1676# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1677# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1678# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1679# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1680# 1681# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1682# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1683# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1684 1685# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1686# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1687# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1688# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1689# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1690 1691# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1692# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1693# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1694# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1695# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1696# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1697# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1698# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1699# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1700# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1701# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1702# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1703 1704############################################################################### 1705 1706 1707# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1708 1709# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1710# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1711# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1712# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1713# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1714# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1715# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1716# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1717# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1718# 1719# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 1720 1721# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1722# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1723# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1724# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1725# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1726# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1727# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1728# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1729# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1730# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1731# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1732# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1733# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1734# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1735# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1736# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1737# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1738# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1739# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1740# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1741 1742 1743# Fiji 1744 1745# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1746# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1747# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1748 1749# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1750# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1751# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1752# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1753 1754# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1755# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1756 1757# From the BBC World Service in 1758# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1759# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1760# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1761# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1762# of the new millennium. 1763 1764# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1765# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1766 1767 1768# Kiribati 1769 1770# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1771# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1772# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1773# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1774 1775# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1776# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1777# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1778# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1779# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1780# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1781 1782# Kanton 1783 1784# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1785# Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated 1786# island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".) 1787# Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators 1788# <https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>; 1789# Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to 1790# establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the 1791# next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial 1792# airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently 1793# for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the 1794# airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen 1795# people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5 1796# year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures 1797# <http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>. 1798 1799# Kwajalein 1800 1801# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1802# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1803# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1804# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1805# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1806# one side of the international date line to the other." 1807# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1808# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1809 1810# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1811# <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that 1812# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in 1813# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it 1814# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch 1815# should occur at around 1950s instead. 1816# 1817# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1818# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. 1819# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States 1820# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1821# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1822# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1823# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1824# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1825# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1826 1827 1828# N Mariana Is, Guam 1829 1830# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1831# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1832# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1833# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1834# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1835 1836# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1837# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1838# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1839# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1840# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1841# see Asia/Manila. 1842# 1843# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1844# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1845# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1846# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1847# 1848# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1849# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1850# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1851# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1852 1853# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1854 1855 1856# Marshall Is 1857# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1858 1859 1860# Micronesia (and nearby) 1861 1862# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1863# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1864# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1865 1866# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1867# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1868# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1869# 1870# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1871# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1872 1873# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1874# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1875# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1876# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1877# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1878# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1879 1880# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1881# 1882# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1883# ... 1884# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1885# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1886# 1887# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1888# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1889# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1890# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1891# 1892# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1893# instructed to use JST at the time. 1894# 1895# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1896# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1897# longitude of the atoll. 1898# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1899# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1900# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1901# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1902# is if they keep their own time back then) 1903# 1904# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1905# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1906# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1907# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1908# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1909# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1910# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1911# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1912# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1913# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1914# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1915# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1916# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1917# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1918# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1919# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1920# time of the area. 1921# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1922# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1923# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1924# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1925# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1926# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1927# Marshall Islands. 1928# 1929# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1930# area into 2 timezones: 1931# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1932# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1933# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1934# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1935# Standard Time) 1936# 1937# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1938# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1939# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1940# 1941# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1942# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1943# period of time.... 1944# 1945# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1946# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1947# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1948# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1949# 1950# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1951# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1952# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1953# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1954# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1955# information can be found. 1956# 1957# 1958# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1959# 1960# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1961# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1962# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1963# 1964# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1965# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1966# 1967# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1968 1969 1970# Midway 1971 1972# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1973# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1974# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1975# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1976# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1977# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1978# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1979# air at 6am your time. 1980# 1981# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1982# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1983# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1984# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1985 1986# Nauru 1987 1988# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1989# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1990# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1991# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1992# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 1993# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1994# ... 1995# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1996# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1997# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1998# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1999# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 2000# 2001# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 2002# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 2003# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 2004# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 2005# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 2006# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 2007# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 2008 2009# Norfolk 2010 2011# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 2012# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 2013# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 2014# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 2015# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 2016 2017# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 2018# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 2019# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 2020# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 2021# other than in 1974/5. See: 2022# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 2023# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 2024# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 2025# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 2026 2027# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 2028# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 2029# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 2030# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 2031# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 2032 2033# Palau 2034# See commentary for Micronesia. 2035 2036# Pitcairn 2037 2038# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 2039# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 2040# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 2041# 2042# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 2043# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 2044# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 2045# 2046# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 2047# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 2048# somehow in light of this proclamation. 2049 2050# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 2051# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 2052# ... at midnight. 2053 2054# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 2055# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 2056# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 2057# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 2058 2059 2060# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 2061 2062# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 2063# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 2064# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 2065# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 2066# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 2067# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 2068# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 2069 2070# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 2071# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 2072# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 2073# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 2074# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 2075# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 2076# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 2077# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 2078 2079 2080# Tonga 2081 2082# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04): 2083# In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast 2084# on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic 2085# Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360. 2086 2087# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03): 2088# [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity". 2089# Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]: 2090# On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours, 2091# 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich. 2092 2093# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 2094# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 2095# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 2096# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 2097 2098# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 2099# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 2100# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 2101# 2102# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 2103# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 2104# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 2105# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 2106# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 2107# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 2108# 2109# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 2110# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 2111# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 2112# 2113# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 2114# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 2115# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 2116# minutes we have lost?" 2117# 2118# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 2119# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 2120# to say your prayers in the morning." 2121# 2122# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael 2123# Deckers (2021-03-03): 2124# Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks & 2125# Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01. 2126# 2127# The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times, 2128# which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961: 2129# Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19 2130# Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19 2131# (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.) 2132# This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time 2133# has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further 2134# writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on 2135# 1960-10-19. (p. 255) 2136# 2137# Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to 2138# a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in 2139# 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with 2140# this over Shanks & Pottenger. 2141 2142# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 2143# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 2144# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 2145# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 2146# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 2147# Government. 2148 2149# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2150# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 2151# 2152# I was given this link by John Letts: 2153# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 2154# 2155# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 2156# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 2157# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 2158# (12 + 1 hour DST). 2159 2160# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2161# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 2162# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 2163# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 2164# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 2165# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 2166# set back an hour on the closing date." 2167# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 2168 2169# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 2170# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 2171# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 2172 2173# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 2174# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 2175# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 2176# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 2177# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 2178# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2179# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 2180 2181# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 2182# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 2183 2184# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 2185# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 2186# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 2187# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 2188# hour to 1:00am. 2189 2190# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 2191# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 2192 2193# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 2194# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2195# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2196# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2197# 2198# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2199# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2200# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2201 2202# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2203# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 2204# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2205# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2206# 2207# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2208# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2209 2210 2211# Wake 2212 2213# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 2214# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 2215# 2216# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 2217# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 2218# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 2219# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 2220# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 2221# impossible. 2222# 2223# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 2224 2225# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 2226# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 2227 2228# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 2229 2230 2231############################################################################### 2232 2233# The International Date Line 2234 2235# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2236# 2237# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2238# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2239# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2240# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2241# 2242# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2243# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2244# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2245# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2246# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2247# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2248# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2249# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2250# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2251# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2252# correct date is ambiguous. 2253 2254# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2255# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2256# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2257# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2258# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2259# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2260# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2261# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2262# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2263# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2264# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2265# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2266# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2267 2268# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2269# (2005-03-20): 2270# 2271# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2272# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2273# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2274# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2275