1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 17# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30# 31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33# 34# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 35# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 38# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 43# 44# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 45# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 46# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 47# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 48# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 49# +01 WAT West Africa Time 50# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 51# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 52# cannot now come up with solid citations. 53# 54# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 55# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 56# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 57# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 58# +03 EAT East Africa Time 59# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 60# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61 62# Algeria 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 65Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 66Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 67Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 73Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 86# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 87# more precise 0:09:21. 88# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100# Angola 101# Benin 102# See Africa/Lagos. 103 104# Botswana 105# See Africa/Maputo. 106 107# Burkina Faso 108# See Africa/Abidjan. 109 110# Burundi 111# See Africa/Maputo. 112 113# Cameroon 114# See Africa/Lagos. 115 116# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 117# 118# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 119# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 120# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 121# merely made it official? 122# 123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 128 -1:00 - -01 129 130# Central African Republic 131# See Africa/Lagos. 132 133# Chad 134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 138 1:00 - WAT 139 140# Comoros 141# See Africa/Nairobi. 142 143# Democratic Republic of the Congo 144# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 145 146# Republic of the Congo 147# See Africa/Lagos. 148 149# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 152 0:00 - GMT 153Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe 162Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 163 164# Djibouti 165# See Africa/Nairobi. 166 167############################################################################### 168 169# Egypt 170 171# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 172# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 173# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 174# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 175 176# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 177Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 178Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 179Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 180Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 181Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 182Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 183Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 184Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 185Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 186Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 187Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 191Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 196# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 197# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 198 199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 200# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 201# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 202# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 203# 204# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 205# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 206# or 207# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 208Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 210# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 211# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 212# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 213# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 214# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 215Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 216# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 217# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 218# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 219# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 220# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 221# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 222# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 223# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 224Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 225# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 226# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 227# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 228# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 229# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 230# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 231# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 232# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 233# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 234 235# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 236# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 237# 238# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 239# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 240# Apr 23 241# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 243# Apr 24 244# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 246# Aug 27 247# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 249# Aug 27 250# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 251# 252# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 253# :59) 254# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 255# 256# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 257# 258# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 259# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 260# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 261 262# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 263# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 264# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 265# in September. 266 267# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 268# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 269# Information and Decision Support Center: 270# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 271# 272# The Middle East News Agency 273# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 274# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 275# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 276# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 277# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 278# (at least today). 279 280# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 281# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 282# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 283# Ramadan. 284# 285# Arabic translation: 286# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 287# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 288# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 289 290# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 291# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 292# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 293 294# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 295# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 296 297# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 298# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 299# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 300# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 301# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 302# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 303# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 304# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 305# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 306# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 307# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 308# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 309 310# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 311# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 312# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 313# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 314# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 315# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 316 317# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 318# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 319# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 320# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 321# dates not yet announced.... 322# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 323# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 324 325# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 326# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 327# least for 2015. 328# 329# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 330# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 331# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 332# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 333# practice altogether in future years." 334# 335# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 336# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 337# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 338# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 339 340# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 341# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 342# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 343# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 344# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 345 346Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 347Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 348Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 349Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 350Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 351Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 352Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 353Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 354Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 355 356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 358 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 359 360# Equatorial Guinea 361# See Africa/Lagos. 362 363# Eritrea 364# Ethiopia 365# See Africa/Nairobi. 366 367# Gabon 368# See Africa/Lagos. 369 370# Gambia 371# See Africa/Abidjan. 372 373# Ghana 374# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 375# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 376# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 377# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 378# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 379# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 380# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 381Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 382Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 385 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 386 387# Guinea 388# See Africa/Abidjan. 389 390# Guinea-Bissau 391# 392# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 393# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 394# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 395# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 396# 397# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 398Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 399 -1:00 - -01 1975 400 0:00 - GMT 401 402# Kenya 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 405 3:00 - EAT 1930 406 2:30 - +0230 1940 407 2:45 - +0245 1960 408 3:00 - EAT 409Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 410Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 411Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 412Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 413Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 414Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 415Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 416Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 417Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 418 419# Lesotho 420# See Africa/Johannesburg. 421 422# Liberia 423# 424# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 425# 426# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 427# 428# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset 429# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 430# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 431# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 432# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 433# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 434# 435# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 436# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 437# 438# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 440 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 441 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 442 0:00 - GMT 443 444############################################################################### 445 446# Libya 447 448# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 449# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 450# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 451# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 452# 453# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 454# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 455# 456# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 457# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 458# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 459# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 460# lastFri instead of lastSun). 461 462# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 463# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 464# cancelled yesterday.... 465# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 466# 467# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 468# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 469 470# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 471Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 472Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 473Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 474Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 475Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 476Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 477Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 478Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 479Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 480Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 481Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 482Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 483Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 484Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 485Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 486Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 487Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 488# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 489Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 491 2:00 - EET 1982 492 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 493# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 494# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 495 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 496 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 497 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 498 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 499 2:00 - EET 500 501# Madagascar 502# See Africa/Nairobi. 503 504# Malawi 505# See Africa/Maputo. 506 507# Mali 508# Mauritania 509# See Africa/Abidjan. 510 511# Mauritius 512 513# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 514# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 515# basis.... 516# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 517# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 518# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 519 520# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 521# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 522 523# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 524# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 525# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 526# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 527 528# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 529# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 530 531# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 532# According to 533# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 534# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 535# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 536# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 537# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 538# 539# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 540# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 541# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 542# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 543# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 544# changes two days later. 545 546# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 547# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 548# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 549# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 550# 551# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 552# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 553# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 554# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 555 556# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 557# The Government of Mauritius weblink 558# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 559# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 560# 561# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 562# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 563# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 564# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 565# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 566# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 567# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 568# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 569# and end on 29 March 2009. 570 571# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 572# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 573# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 574# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 575# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 576 577# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 578# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 579# DST the coming summer... 580# 581# Some sources, in French: 582# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 583# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 584# 585# Our wrap-up: 586# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 587 588# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 589# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 590# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 591# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 592 593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 594Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 595Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 596Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 597Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 599Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 600 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 601# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 602# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 603 604# Mayotte 605# See Africa/Nairobi. 606 607# Morocco 608# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 609 610# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 611# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 612# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 613# 614# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 615# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 616# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 617# 618# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 619# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 620 621# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 622# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 623# Presse: 624# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 625# 626# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 627# spokesman. 628 629# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 630# According to this article: 631# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 632# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 633# the changes occur at midnight: 634# 635# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 636# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 637# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 638# 639# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 640# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 641# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 642# June 1st to Sept 27th. 643# 644# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 645# published on the web. 646# 647# It's also confirmed here: 648# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 649# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 650# posted in English). 651# 652# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 653# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 654 655# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 656# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 657# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 658# of September: 659# 660# One article about it (in French): 661# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 662# 663# We have some further details posted here: 664# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 665 666# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 667# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 668# to many sources, such as 669# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 670# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 671# (French) 672# 673# Our summary: 674# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 675 676# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 677# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 678# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 679# 680# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 681# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 682# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 683# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 684# 685# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 686# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 687 688# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 689# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 690# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 691# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 692# 693# Example: 694# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 695# (French) 696# Our page: 697# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 698 699# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 700# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 701# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 702# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 703# ...Official links of change in morocco 704# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 705# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 706# +212.537.71.84.00 707# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 708# They said that 709# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 710# is the official publication to look at. 711# They said that the decision was already taken. 712# 713# More articles in the press 714# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 715# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 716# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 717 718# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 719# They have it written in English here: 720# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 721# 722# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 723# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 724# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 725# also been like that in the past. 726 727# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 728# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 729# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 730# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 731# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 732# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 733# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 734# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 735# except the month of Ramadan. 736# or (brief) 737# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 738 739# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 740# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 741# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 742# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 743# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 744# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 745 746# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 747# Seen Morocco change again: 748# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 749# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 750# comme annoncé précédemment." 751 752# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 753# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 754# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 755# 756# Google translation, lightly edited: 757# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 758# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 759# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 760# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 761# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 762# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 763# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 764# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 765# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 766 767# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 768# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 769# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 770# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 771# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 772# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 773 774# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 775# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 776# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 777# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 778 779# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 780# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 781# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 782# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 783# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 784# source (French): 785# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 786# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 787# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 788 789# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 790# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 791 792# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 793# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 794# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 795# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 796# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 797 798# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 799# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 800# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 801# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 802# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 803# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 804# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 805# Source (french): 806# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 807# 808# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 809# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 810# 811# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 812# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 813# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 814# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 815# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 816# with the patch. 817 818# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 819# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 820# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 821# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 822# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 823# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 824# results integrated by hand into the table below. 825# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 826# (require 'cal-islam) 827# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 828# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 829# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 830# (sunday 0)) 831# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 832# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 833# (setq b (1+ b))) 834# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 835# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 836# (insert 837# (format 838# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 839# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 840# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 841# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 842# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 843 844# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 845 846Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 847Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 848Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 849Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 850Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 851Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 852Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 853Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 854Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 855Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 856Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 857Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 858Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 859Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 860Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 861Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 862Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 863Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 864Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 865Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 866Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 867Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 868Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 869Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 870Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 872Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 873Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 874Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 875Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 876Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 877Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 878Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 879Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 880Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 881Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 882Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 883Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 884Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 885Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 886Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 887Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 888Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 889Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 890Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 891Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 894Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 896Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 898Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 899Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 900 901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 902Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 903 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 904 1:00 - CET 1986 905 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 906 907# Western Sahara 908# 909# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 910# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 911# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 912# Morocco does. 913# 914# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 915# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 916# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 917 918Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 919 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 921 922# Mozambique 923# 924# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 925# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 926# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 927# merely made it official? 928# 929# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 930Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 931 2:00 - CAT 932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 938Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 939 940 941# Namibia 942 943# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 944# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 945# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 946# and includes this nugget: 947# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 948# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 949# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 950# Sunday 4 September 1994. 951 952# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 953# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 954# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 955# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 956# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 957# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 958# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 959# of the country. 960# 961# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 962# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 963# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 964# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 965# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 966# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 967 968# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 969# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 970# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 971# This video is from the government decision: 972# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 973# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 974# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 975# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 976 977# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 978Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 979Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 980Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 982Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 983 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 984 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 985 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 986 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 987 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 988 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00 989 2:00 - CAT 990 991# Niger 992# See Africa/Lagos. 993 994# Nigeria 995# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 996Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 997 1:00 - WAT 998Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 999Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1000Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1001Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1002Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1003Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1004Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1005Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1006Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1007 1008# Réunion 1009# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1010Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1011 4:00 - +04 1012# 1013# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1014# 1015# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1016# The following information about them is taken from 1017# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1018# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1019# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1020# 1021# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1022# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1023# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1024# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1025# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1026 1027# Rwanda 1028# See Africa/Maputo. 1029 1030# St Helena 1031# See Africa/Abidjan. 1032# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1033# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1034# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1035# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1036# on GMT, says the CIA 1037# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1038 1039# São Tomé and Príncipe 1040# Senegal 1041# See Africa/Abidjan. 1042 1043# Seychelles 1044# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1045Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1046 4:00 - +04 1047# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1048# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1049# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1050# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1051# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1052# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1053 1054# Sierra Leone 1055# See Africa/Abidjan. 1056 1057# Somalia 1058# See Africa/Nairobi. 1059 1060# South Africa 1061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1062Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1063Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1065Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1066 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1067 2:00 SA SAST 1068Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1069Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1070# 1071# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1072# scientific station since 1947 1073# no information 1074 1075# Sudan 1076 1077# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1078# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1079# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1080# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1081# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1082# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1083 1084# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1085# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1086# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1087# 1088# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1089# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1090# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1091# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1092# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1093 1094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1095Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1096Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1097Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1098Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1099# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1100Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1101 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1102 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1103 2:00 - CAT 1104 1105# South Sudan 1106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1107Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1108 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1109 3:00 - EAT 1110 1111# Swaziland 1112# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1113 1114# Tanzania 1115# See Africa/Nairobi. 1116 1117# Togo 1118# See Africa/Abidjan. 1119 1120# Tunisia 1121 1122# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1123# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1124# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1125# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1126# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1127# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1128# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1129# Saturday." (My translation) 1130# 1131# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1132# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1133# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1134# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1135# 1h standard time. 1136# 1137# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1138# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1139# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1140# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1141# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1142 1143# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1144# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1145# (Arabic) 1146# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1147# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1148# 1149# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1150# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1151# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1152 1153# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1154# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1155# 1156# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1157# 1158# (in English) 1159# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1160# 1161# (in Arabic) 1162# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1163 1164# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1165# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1166# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1167# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1168# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1169# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1170 1171# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1172# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1173# 1174# (translation): 1175# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1176# Sunday... 1177# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1178# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1179# 1180# (in Arabic) 1181# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1182# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1183# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1184 1185# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1186Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1187Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1188Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1189Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1190Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1191Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1192Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1193Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1194Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1195Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1196Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1197Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1198Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1199Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1200Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1201Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1202Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1203Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1204Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1205Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1206Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1207Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1208Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1209Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1210Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1211 1212# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1213# more precise 0:09:21. 1214# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1216Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1217 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1218 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1219 1220# Uganda 1221# See Africa/Nairobi. 1222 1223# Zambia 1224# Zimbabwe 1225# See Africa/Maputo. 1226