1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file, and please send any changes to 8# the public mailing list tz@iana.org for general use in the future. 9# For more, please see the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: 34# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), 35# page 752, 18b. 36# 37# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46# 47# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52# +01 WAT West Africa Time 53# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55# cannot now come up with solid citations. 56# 57# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61# +03 EAT East Africa Time 62# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65# Corrections are welcome. 66 67# Algeria 68# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 92# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 105# 106# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 107# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 108# Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02. 109# 110# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 112 -2:00 - %z 1942 Sep 113 -2:00 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 114 -2:00 - %z 1975 Nov 25 2:00 115 -1:00 - %z 116 117# Chad 118# Fort-Lamy was renamed to N’Djamena on 1973-04-06. 119# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Fort-Lamy 121 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 122 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 123 1:00 - WAT 124 125# Burkina Faso 126# Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 127# The Gambia 128# Ghana 129# Guinea 130# Iceland 131# Mali 132# Mauritania 133# St Helena 134# Senegal 135# Sierra Leone 136# Togo 137 138# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 139# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 140# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 141# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 142# on GMT, says the CIA 143# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 144 145# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 147 0:00 - GMT 148 149############################################################################### 150 151# Egypt 152 153# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 154# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 155# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 156# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 157 158# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 159Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 160Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 161Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 162Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 163Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 164Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 165Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 166Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 167Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 168Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 169Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 170Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 171Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 172Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 173Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 174Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 175Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 176Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 177Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 178# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 179# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 180 181# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 182# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 183# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 184# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 185# 186# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 187# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 188# or 189# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 190Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 192# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 193# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 194# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 195# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 196# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 197Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 198# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 199# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 200# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 201# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 202# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 203# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 204# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 205# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 206Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 207# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 208# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 209# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 210# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 211# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 212# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 213# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 214# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 215# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 216 217# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 218# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 219# 220# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 221# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 222# Apr 23 223# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 224# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 225# Apr 24 226# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 227# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 228# Aug 27 229# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 230# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 231# Aug 27 232# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 233# 234# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 235# :59) 236# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 237# 238# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 239# 240# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 241# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 242# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 243 244# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 245# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 246# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 247# in September. 248 249# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 250# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 251# Information and Decision Support Center: 252# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 253# 254# The Middle East News Agency 255# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 256# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 257# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 258# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 259# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 260# (at least today). 261 262# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 263# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 264# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 265# Ramadan. 266# 267# Arabic translation: 268# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 269# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 270# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 271 272# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 273# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 274# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 275 276# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 277# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 278 279# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 280# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 281# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 282# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 283# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 284# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 285# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 286# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 287# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 288# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 289# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 290# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 291 292# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 293# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 294# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 295# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 296# dates not yet announced.... 297# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 298# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 299 300# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 301# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 302# least for 2015. 303# 304# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 305# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 306# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 307# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 308# practice altogether in future years." 309# 310# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 311# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 312# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 313# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 314 315# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 316# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 317# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 318# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 319# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 320 321# From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): 322# Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be 323# applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. 324# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): 325# Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. 326# From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): 327# https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ 328 329Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 330Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 331Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 332Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 333Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 334Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 335Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 336Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 337Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 338Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 339Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - 340 341# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 342 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 343Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 344 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 345 346# Guinea-Bissau 347# 348# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 349# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 350# 351# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 353 -1:00 - %z 1975 354 0:00 - GMT 355 356# Comoros 357# Djibouti 358# Eritrea 359# Ethiopia 360# Kenya 361# Madagascar 362# Mayotte 363# Somalia 364# Tanzania 365# Uganda 366 367# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 368# 369# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 370# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 371# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 372# 373# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 374# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 375# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 376# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 377# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 378# 379# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 380# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 381# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 382# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 383# 384# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 385# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 386# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 387# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 388# 389# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 390# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 391# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 392# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 393# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 394# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 395# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 396# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 397# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 398# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 399# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 400# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 401# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 402# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 403 404# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 405# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 406# so just say "1908 May". 407 408# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 409# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 410# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 411# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 412# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 413# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 414# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 415 416# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 418 2:30 - %z 1928 Jun 30 24:00 419 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 420 2:30 - %z 1936 Dec 31 24:00 421 2:45 - %z 1942 Jul 31 24:00 422 3:00 - EAT 423 424# Liberia 425# 426# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 427# 428# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 429# 430# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 431# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 432# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 433# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 434# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 435# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 436# 437# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric 438# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 439# 440# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 442 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 443 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 444 0:00 - GMT 445 446############################################################################### 447 448# Libya 449 450# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 451# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 452# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 453# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 454# 455# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 456# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 457# 458# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 459# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 460# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 461# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 462# lastFri instead of lastSun). 463 464# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 465# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 466# cancelled yesterday.... 467# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 468# 469# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 470# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 471 472# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 473Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 474Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 475Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 476Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 477Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 478Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 479Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 480Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 481Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 482Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 483Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 484Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 485Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 486Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 487Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 488Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 489Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 490# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 491Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 492 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 493 2:00 - EET 1982 494 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 495# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 496# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 497 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 498 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 499 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 500 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 501 2:00 - EET 502 503# Mauritius 504 505# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 506# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 507# basis.... 508# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 509# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 510# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 511 512# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 513# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 514 515# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 516# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 517# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 518# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 519 520# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 521# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 522 523# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 524# According to 525# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 526# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 527# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 528# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 529# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 530# 531# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 532# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 533# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 534# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 535# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 536# changes two days later. 537 538# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 539# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 540# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 541# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 542# 543# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 544# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 545# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 546# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 547 548# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 549# The Government of Mauritius weblink 550# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 551# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 552# 553# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 554# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 555# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 556# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 557# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 558# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 559# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 560# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 561# and end on 29 March 2009. 562 563# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 564# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 565# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 566# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 567# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 568 569# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 570# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 571# DST the coming summer... 572# 573# Some sources, in French: 574# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-«-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99été-ne-sera-pas-appliquée-cette-année-» 575# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-économie-d-énergie-de-l-heure-d-été-ont-été-atteints- 576# 577# Our wrap-up: 578# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 579 580# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 581# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 582# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 583# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 584 585# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 586Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 587Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 588Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 589Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 590# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 591Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 592 4:00 Mauritius %z 593# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 594# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 595 596 597# Morocco 598# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 599 600# From Paul Eggert (2026-06-26): 601# In “Morocco’s GMT+1, a century of shifting time and a debate far from over” 602# https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/191310/morocco-s-gmt1-century-shifting-time 603# (2026-03-30), Yabiladi’s Latifa Babas reports the following: 604# * A 1913-10-26 royal dahir established GMT as legal time in Morocco. 605# * A 1918-05-10 dahir instituted DST on 1918-05-16 at 00:00. 606# * A September 1939 dahir restarted DST on 1939-09-12. 607# * A February 1940 dahir restarted DST as early as 1940-02-25. 608# * Standard time resumed in September 1946. 609# * A June 1950 decree restarted DST, which ran until as late as October. 610# * Royal decree 455-67 (1967-06-02) restarted DST on June 3 at noon. 611# * After 1967 Morocco used DST “during several summers, particularly 612# throughout the 1970s and 1980s.” 613# Babas consulted official records that disagree with and are surely 614# more correct than our pre-2008 timestamp data, which came from the 615# unreliable Shanks & Pottenger. Unfortunately, Babas did not provide 616# enough detail to correct our data. 617 618# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 619# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 620# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 621# 622# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 623# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 624# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 625# 626# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 627# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 628 629# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 630# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 631# Presse: 632# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 633# 634# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 635# spokesman. 636 637# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 638# According to this article: 639# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 640# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 641# the changes occur at midnight: 642# 643# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 644# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 645# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 646# 647# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 648# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 649# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 650# June 1st to Sept 27th. 651# 652# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 653# published on the web. 654# 655# It's also confirmed here: 656# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 657# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 658# posted in English). 659# 660# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 661# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 662 663# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 664# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 665# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 666# of September: 667# 668# One article about it (in French): 669# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 670# 671# We have some further details posted here: 672# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 673 674# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 675# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 676# to many sources, such as 677# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 678# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 679# (French) 680# 681# Our summary: 682# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 683 684# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 685# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 686# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 687# 688# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 689# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 690# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 691# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 692# 693# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 694# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 695 696# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 697# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 698# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 699# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 700# 701# Example: 702# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 703# (French) 704# Our page: 705# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 706 707# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 708# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 709# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 710# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 711# ...Official links of change in morocco 712# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 713# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 714# +212.537.71.84.00 715# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 716# They said that 717# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 718# is the official publication to look at. 719# They said that the decision was already taken. 720# 721# More articles in the press 722# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 723# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 724# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim 725 726# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 727# They have it written in English here: 728# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 729# 730# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 731# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 732# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 733# also been like that in the past. 734 735# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 736# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 737# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 738# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 739# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-légale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dété 740# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 741# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 742# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 743# except the month of Ramadan. 744# or (brief) 745# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 746 747# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 748# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 749# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 750# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 751# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 752# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 753 754# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 755# Seen Morocco change again: 756# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 757# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 758# comme annoncé précédemment." 759 760# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 761# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 762# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 763# 764# Google translation, lightly edited: 765# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 766# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 767# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 768# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 769# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 770# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 771# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 772# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 773# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 774 775# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 776# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 777# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 778# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 779# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 780# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 781 782# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 783# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 784# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 785# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 786 787# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 788# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 789# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 790# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 791# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 792# source (French): 793# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 794# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 795# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 796 797# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 798# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 799 800# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 801# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 802# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 803# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 804# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 805 806# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 807# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 808# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 809# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 810# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 811# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 812# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 813# Source (french): 814# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 815# 816# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 817# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 818# 819# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 820# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 821# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 822# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 823# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 824# with the patch. 825 826# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 827# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 828# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 829# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 830# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 831# 832# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 833# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 834# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 835# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 836# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 837# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 838# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 839 840# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 841# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 842# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 843# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 844 845# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 846# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 847# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 848# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 849# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 850# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 851# 852# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 853# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 854# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 855# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 856# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 857# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 858# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 859# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 860# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 861# shift will be the next weekend. 862# 863# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): 864# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 865# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 866# 867# From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): 868# The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. 869# ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. 870# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-à-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-à-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 871 872# From Paul Eggert (2026-06-25): 873# https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2026/06/325034/confirmed-morocco-to-restore-gmt-on-september-20-ending-eight-year-gmt1-saga/ 874# Today the Moroccan government adopted Decree No. 2.26.530, which abrogates 875# the 2018 decree that put it at +01 with daylight saving during Ramadan. 876# The plan is to go back to +00 without DST on 2026-09-20 at 02:00. 877# From Anass Taghjichte (2026-07-03): 878# https://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/AR/3111/2026/BO_7521_Ar.pdf 879# From Afaf EL MAAYATI (2026-07-06): 880# https://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/activite-gouvernementale/conseil-gouvernement-approuve-projet-decret-relatif-au-retour-lheure-legale/ 881 882# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 883Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 884Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 886Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 888Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 890Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 892Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 893Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 894Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 895Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 897Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 899Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 901Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 902Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 903Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 904Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 905Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 906Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 907Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 908Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 909Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 910Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 912Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 914Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 916Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 917Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 918Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 919Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 920Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 921Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 922Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 923Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 924Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 925Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 926Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 927Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 928Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 929Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 930Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 931Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 932Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 933Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 934Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 935Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 936Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 937Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 938Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 939Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 940 941# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 942Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 943 0:00 Morocco %z 1984 Mar 16 944 1:00 - %z 1986 945 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 946 1:00 Morocco %z 2026 Sep 20 2:00 947 0:00 - %z 948 949# Western Sahara 950# 951# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 952# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 953# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 954# Morocco does. 955# 956# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 957# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 958# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 959 960Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 961 -1:00 - %z 1976 Apr 14 962 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 963 1:00 Morocco %z 2026 Sep 20 2:00 964 0:00 - %z 965 966# Botswana 967# Burundi 968# Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern) 969# Malawi 970# Mozambique 971# Rwanda 972# Zambia 973# Zimbabwe 974# 975# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01): 976# For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for 977# Europe/Lisbon. 978# 979# From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24): 980# The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that 981# as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Lourenço Marques 982# (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT, 983# corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3. 984# Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321, 985# says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated 986# "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ... 987# exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich". 988# Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT, 989# evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before 990# the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary). 991# For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date. 992# 993# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 994 #STDOFF 2:10:18.3 995Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:18 - LMT 1909 996 2:00 - CAT 997 998# Namibia 999 1000# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1001# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1002# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1003# and includes this nugget: 1004# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1005# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1006# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1007# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1008 1009# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1010# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1011# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1012 1013# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1014# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1015# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1016# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1017# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1018# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1019# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1020# of the country. 1021# 1022# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1023# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1024# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1025# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1026# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1027# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1028 1029# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1030# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1031# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1032# This video is from the government decision: 1033# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1034# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1035# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1036# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1037 1038# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1039# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1040# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1041# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1042# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1043# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1044# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1045# with Namibia's neighbors. 1046 1047# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1048# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1049Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1050Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1051Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1052# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1053#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1054#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1055#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1056# End of rearguard section. 1057 1058# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1059Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1060 1:30 - %z 1903 Mar 1061 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1062 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1063 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1064# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1065 2:00 Namibia %s 1066# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1067# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1068# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1069# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1070# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1071# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1072# 2:00 - CAT 1073# End of rearguard section. 1074 1075 1076# Angola 1077# Benin 1078# Cameroon 1079# Central African Republic 1080# Democratic Republic of the Congo (western) 1081# Republic of the Congo 1082# Equatorial Guinea 1083# Gabon 1084# Niger 1085# Nigeria 1086 1087# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1088# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1089# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1090# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 1091# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1092# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and 1093# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1094# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1095# 1096# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1097# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1098# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 1099# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1100# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1101# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1102# 1103# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1104# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1105# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1106# p 27 1107# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1108# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1109# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1110# 7° 30' E. long." 1111# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1112# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1113# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1114# accordingly." 1115# 1116# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1117# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1118# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1119# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1120# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1121# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1122# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1123# 1919, s. 2.)" 1124# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1125# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1126# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1127# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1128# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 1129# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1130# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1131# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1132# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1133# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1134# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1135# to compensate. 1136# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1137# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1138# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1139# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1140# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1141# img 245-246 1142# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1143 1144# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1145Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1146 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1147 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1148 0:30 - %z 1919 Sep 1 1149 1:00 - WAT 1150 1151# São Tomé and Príncipe 1152 1153# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1154 1155# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1156# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1157# they entered the year 2018. 1158# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1159# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1160# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1161 1162# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1163# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1164# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1165# 1166# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1167# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1168# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1169# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1170 1171Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1172 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1173 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1174 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1175 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1176 0:00 - GMT 1177 1178# Eswatini (Swaziland) 1179# Lesotho 1180# South Africa 1181 1182# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1183Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1184Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1185# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1186Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1187 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1188 2:00 SA SAST 1189# 1190# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1191# scientific station since 1947 1192# no information 1193 1194# Sudan 1195 1196# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1197# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1198# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1199# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1200# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1201# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1202 1203# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1204# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1205# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1206# 1207# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1208# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1209# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1210# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1211# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1212 1213# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1214Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1215Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1216Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1217Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1218# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1219Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1220 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1221 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1222 2:00 - CAT 1223 1224# South Sudan 1225 1226# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1227# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1228# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1229# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1230 1231# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1232Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1233 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1234 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1235 2:00 - CAT 1236 1237# Tunisia 1238 1239# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1240# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1241# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1242# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1243# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1244# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1245# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1246# Saturday." (My translation) 1247# 1248# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1249# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1250# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1251# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1252# 1h standard time. 1253# 1254# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1255# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1256# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1257# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1258# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1259 1260# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1261# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1262# (Arabic) 1263# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1264# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1265# 1266# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1267# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1268# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1269 1270# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1271# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1272# 1273# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1274# 1275# (in English) 1276# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1277# 1278# (in Arabic) 1279# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1280 1281# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1282# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1283# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1284# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1285# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1286# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1287 1288# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1289# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1290# 1291# (translation): 1292# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1293# Sunday... 1294# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1295# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1296# 1297# (in Arabic) 1298# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1299# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1300# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1301 1302# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1303Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1304Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1305Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1306Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1307Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1308Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1309Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1310Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1311Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1312Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1313Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1314Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1315Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1316Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1317Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1318Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1319Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1320Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1321Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1322Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1323Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1324Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1325Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1326Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1327Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1328 1329# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1330# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1331Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1332 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1333 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1334