1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# For the 1911/1912 establishment of standard time in French possessions, see: 34# Société Française de Physique, Recueil de constantes physiques (1913), 35# page 752, 18b. 36# 37# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46# 47# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52# +01 WAT West Africa Time 53# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55# cannot now come up with solid citations. 56# 57# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61# +03 EAT East Africa Time 62# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65# Corrections are welcome. 66 67# Algeria 68# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 92# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 105# 106# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 107# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 108# Shanks gives 1907 instead for the transition to -02. 109# 110# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 112 -2:00 - %z 1942 Sep 113 -2:00 1:00 %z 1945 Oct 15 114 -2:00 - %z 1975 Nov 25 2:00 115 -1:00 - %z 116 117# Chad 118# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # N'Djamena 120 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 121 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 122 1:00 - WAT 123 124# Burkina Faso 125# Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 126# The Gambia 127# Ghana 128# Guinea 129# Iceland 130# Mali 131# Mauritania 132# St Helena 133# Senegal 134# Sierra Leone 135# Togo 136 137# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 138# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 139# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 140# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 141# on GMT, says the CIA 142# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 143 144# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 145Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 146 0:00 - GMT 147 148############################################################################### 149 150# Egypt 151 152# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 153# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 154# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 155# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 156 157# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 159Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 160Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 161Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 162Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 163Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 164Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 165Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 166Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 167Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 168Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 169Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 170Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 171Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 172Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 173Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 174Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 175Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 176Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 177# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 178# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 179 180# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 181# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 182# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 183# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 184# 185# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 186# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 187# or 188# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 189Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 190Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 191# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 192# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 193# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 194# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 195# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 196Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 197# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 198# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 199# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 200# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 201# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 202# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 203# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 204# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 205Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 206# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 207# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 208# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 209# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 210# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 211# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 212# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 213# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 214# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 215 216# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 217# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 218# 219# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 220# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 221# Apr 23 222# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 223# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 224# Apr 24 225# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 226# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 227# Aug 27 228# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 229# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 230# Aug 27 231# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 232# 233# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 234# :59) 235# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 236# 237# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 238# 239# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 240# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 241# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 242 243# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 244# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 245# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 246# in September. 247 248# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 249# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 250# Information and Decision Support Center: 251# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 252# 253# The Middle East News Agency 254# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 255# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 256# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 257# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 258# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 259# (at least today). 260 261# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 262# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 263# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 264# Ramadan. 265# 266# Arabic translation: 267# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 268# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 269# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 270 271# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 272# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 273# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 274 275# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 276# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 277 278# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 279# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 280# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 281# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 282# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 283# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 284# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 285# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 286# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 287# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 288# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 289# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 290 291# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 292# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 293# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 294# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 295# dates not yet announced.... 296# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 297# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 298 299# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 300# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 301# least for 2015. 302# 303# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 304# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 305# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 306# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 307# practice altogether in future years." 308# 309# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 310# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 311# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 312# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 313 314# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 315# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 316# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 317# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 318# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 319 320# From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01): 321# Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be 322# applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October. 323# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01): 324# Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively. 325# From Amir Adib (2023-03-07): 326# https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/ 327 328Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 329Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 330Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 331Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 332Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 333Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 334Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 335Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 336Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 337Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 338Rule Egypt 2023 max - Oct lastThu 24:00 0 - 339 340# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 341 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 342Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 343 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 344 345# Guinea-Bissau 346# 347# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 348# For timestamps before independence, see commentary for Europe/Lisbon. 349# 350# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 351Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 352 -1:00 - %z 1975 353 0:00 - GMT 354 355# Comoros 356# Djibouti 357# Eritrea 358# Ethiopia 359# Kenya 360# Madagascar 361# Mayotte 362# Somalia 363# Tanzania 364# Uganda 365 366# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 367# 368# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 369# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 370# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 371# 372# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 373# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 374# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 375# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 376# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 377# 378# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 379# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 380# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 381# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 382# 383# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 384# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 385# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 386# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 387# 388# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 389# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 390# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 391# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 392# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 393# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 394# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 395# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 396# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 397# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 398# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 399# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 400# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 401# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 402 403# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 404# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 405# so just say "1908 May". 406 407# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 408# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 409# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 410# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 411# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 412# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 413# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 414 415# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 417 2:30 - %z 1928 Jun 30 24:00 418 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 419 2:30 - %z 1936 Dec 31 24:00 420 2:45 - %z 1942 Jul 31 24:00 421 3:00 - EAT 422 423# Liberia 424# 425# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 426# 427# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 428# 429# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 430# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 431# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 432# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 433# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 434# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 435# 436# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric 437# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 438# 439# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 441 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 442 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 443 0:00 - GMT 444 445############################################################################### 446 447# Libya 448 449# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 450# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 451# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 452# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 453# 454# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 455# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 456# 457# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 458# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 459# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 460# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 461# lastFri instead of lastSun). 462 463# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 464# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 465# cancelled yesterday.... 466# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 467# 468# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 469# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 470 471# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 472Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 473Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 474Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 475Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 476Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 477Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 478Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 479Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 480Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 481Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 482Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 483Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 484Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 485Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 486Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 487Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 488Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 489# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 492 2:00 - EET 1982 493 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 494# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 495# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 496 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 497 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 498 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 499 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 500 2:00 - EET 501 502# Mauritius 503 504# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 505# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 506# basis.... 507# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 508# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 509# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 510 511# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 512# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 513 514# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 515# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 516# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 517# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 518 519# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 520# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 521 522# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 523# According to 524# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 525# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 526# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 527# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 528# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 529# 530# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 531# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 532# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 533# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 534# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 535# changes two days later. 536 537# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 538# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 539# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 540# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 541# 542# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 543# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 544# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 545# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 546 547# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 548# The Government of Mauritius weblink 549# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 550# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 551# 552# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 553# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 554# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 555# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 556# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 557# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 558# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 559# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 560# and end on 29 March 2009. 561 562# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 563# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 564# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 565# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 566# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 567 568# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 569# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 570# DST the coming summer... 571# 572# Some sources, in French: 573# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-«-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99été-ne-sera-pas-appliquée-cette-année-» 574# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-économie-d-énergie-de-l-heure-d-été-ont-été-atteints- 575# 576# Our wrap-up: 577# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 578 579# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 580# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 581# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 582# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 583 584# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 585Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 586Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 587Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 588Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 589# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 590Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 591 4:00 Mauritius %z 592# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 593# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 594 595 596# Morocco 597# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 598 599# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 600# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 601# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 602# 603# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 604# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 605# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 606# 607# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 608# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 609 610# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 611# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 612# Presse: 613# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 614# 615# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 616# spokesman. 617 618# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 619# According to this article: 620# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 621# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 622# the changes occur at midnight: 623# 624# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 625# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 626# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 627# 628# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 629# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 630# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 631# June 1st to Sept 27th. 632# 633# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 634# published on the web. 635# 636# It's also confirmed here: 637# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 638# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 639# posted in English). 640# 641# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 642# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 643 644# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 645# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 646# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 647# of September: 648# 649# One article about it (in French): 650# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 651# 652# We have some further details posted here: 653# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 654 655# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 656# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 657# to many sources, such as 658# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 659# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 660# (French) 661# 662# Our summary: 663# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 664 665# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 666# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 667# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 668# 669# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 670# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 671# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 672# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 673# 674# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 675# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 676 677# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 678# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 679# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 680# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 681# 682# Example: 683# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 684# (French) 685# Our page: 686# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 687 688# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 689# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 690# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 691# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 692# ...Official links of change in morocco 693# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 694# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 695# +212.537.71.84.00 696# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 697# They said that 698# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 699# is the official publication to look at. 700# They said that the decision was already taken. 701# 702# More articles in the press 703# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 704# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 705# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim 706 707# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 708# They have it written in English here: 709# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 710# 711# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 712# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 713# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 714# also been like that in the past. 715 716# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 717# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 718# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 719# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 720# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-légale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dété 721# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 722# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 723# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 724# except the month of Ramadan. 725# or (brief) 726# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 727 728# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 729# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 730# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 731# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 732# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 733# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 734 735# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 736# Seen Morocco change again: 737# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 738# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 739# comme annoncé précédemment." 740 741# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 742# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 743# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 744# 745# Google translation, lightly edited: 746# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 747# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 748# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 749# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 750# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 751# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 752# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 753# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 754# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 755 756# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 757# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 758# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 759# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 760# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 761# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 762 763# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 764# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 765# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 766# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 767 768# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 769# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 770# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 771# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 772# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 773# source (French): 774# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 775# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 776# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 777 778# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 779# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 780 781# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 782# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 783# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 784# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 785# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 786 787# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 788# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 789# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 790# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 791# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 792# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 793# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 794# Source (french): 795# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 796# 797# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 798# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 799# 800# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 801# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 802# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 803# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 804# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 805# with the patch. 806 807# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 808# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 809# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 810# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 811# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 812# 813# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 814# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 815# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 816# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 817# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 818# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 819# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 820 821# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 822# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 823# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 824# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 825 826# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 827# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 828# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 829# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 830# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 831# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 832# 833# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 834# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 835# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 836# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 837# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 838# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 839# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 840# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 841# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 842# shift will be the next weekend. 843# 844# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10): 845# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 846# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 847# 848# From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15): 849# The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m. 850# ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m. 851# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-à-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-à-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023 852# 853# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14): 854# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 855# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 856# first Sunday after one day after Ramadan. To implement this, 857# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 858# running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2. (This algorithm 859# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 860# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 861# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 862# (require 'cal-islam) 863# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 864# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 865# (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 866# (sunday 0)) 867# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 868# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 869# (setq b (1+ b))) 870# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 871# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 872# (insert 873# (format 874# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 875# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 876# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 877# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 878# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 879 880# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 881Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 882Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 883Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 884Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 886Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 888Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 890Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 892Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 893Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 894Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 895Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 897Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 899Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 901Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 902Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 903Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 904Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 905Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 906Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 907Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 908Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 909Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 910Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 912Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 914Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 916Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 917Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 918Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 919Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 920Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 921Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 922Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 923Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 924Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 925Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 926Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 927Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 928Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 929Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 930Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 931Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 932Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 933Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 934Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 935Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 936Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 937Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 938Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 939Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 940Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 941Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 942Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 943Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 944Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 945Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 946Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 947Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 948Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 949Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 950Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 951Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 952Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 953Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 954Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 955Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 956Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 957Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 958Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 959Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 960Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 961Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 962Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 963Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 964Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 965Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 966Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 967Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 968Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 969Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 970Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 971Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 972Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 973Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 974Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 975Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 976Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 977Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 978Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 979Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 5 2:00 0 - 980Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 981Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 982Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 983Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 984Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 985Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 986Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 987Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 988Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 989Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 990Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 991Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 992Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 993Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 994Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 995Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 10 2:00 0 - 996Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 997Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 998Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 999Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1000Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1001Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1002Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1003Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1004Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1005Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1006Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1007Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1008Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1009Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1010Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1011Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 12 2:00 0 - 1012Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1013Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1014Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1015Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1016Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1017Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1018Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1019Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1020Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1021Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1022Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1023Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1024Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1025Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1026Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1027Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 17 2:00 0 - 1028Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1029Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1030Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1031Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1032Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1033Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1034Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1035Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1036Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1037Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1038Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1039Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1040Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1041Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1042Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1043Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 22 2:00 0 - 1044Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1045Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1046Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1047Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1048Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1049Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1050Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1051Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1052Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1053Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - 1054Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1055Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1056Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1057Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1058Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1059Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - 1060Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1061Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1062Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1063Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1064# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1065# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1066# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1067# rules first. 1068 1069# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1070Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1071 0:00 Morocco %z 1984 Mar 16 1072 1:00 - %z 1986 1073 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1074 1:00 Morocco %z 1075 1076# Western Sahara 1077# 1078# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1079# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1080# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1081# Morocco does. 1082# 1083# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1084# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1085# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1086 1087Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 1088 -1:00 - %z 1976 Apr 14 1089 0:00 Morocco %z 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1090 1:00 Morocco %z 1091 1092# Botswana 1093# Burundi 1094# Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern) 1095# Malawi 1096# Mozambique 1097# Rwanda 1098# Zambia 1099# Zimbabwe 1100# 1101# From Tim Parenti (2024-07-01): 1102# For timestamps before Mozambique's independence, see commentary for 1103# Europe/Lisbon. 1104# 1105# From Paul Eggert (2024-05-24): 1106# The London Gazette, 1903-04-03, page 2245, says that 1107# as of 1903-03-03 a time ball at the port of Lourenço Marques 1108# (as Maputo was then called) was dropped daily at 13:00:00 LMT, 1109# corresponding to 22:49:41.7 GMT, so local time was +02:10:18.3. 1110# Conversely, the newspaper South Africa, 1909-02-09, page 321, 1111# says the port had just installed an apparatus that communicated 1112# "from the controlling clock in the new Observatory at Reuben Point ... 1113# exact mean South African time, i.e., 30 deg., or 2 hours East of Greenwich". 1114# Although Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT, 1115# evidently the port transitioned to CAT after 1903-03-03 but before 1116# the Portuguese legal transition of 1912-01-01 (see Europe/Lisbon commentary). 1117# For lack of better info, list 1909 as the transition date. 1118# 1119# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1120 #STDOFF 2:10:18.3 1121Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:18 - LMT 1909 1122 2:00 - CAT 1123 1124# Namibia 1125 1126# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1127# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1128# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1129# and includes this nugget: 1130# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1131# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1132# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1133# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1134 1135# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1136# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1137# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1138 1139# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1140# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1141# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1142# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1143# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1144# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1145# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1146# of the country. 1147# 1148# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1149# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1150# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1151# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1152# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1153# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1154 1155# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1156# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1157# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1158# This video is from the government decision: 1159# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1160# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1161# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1162# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1163 1164# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1165# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1166# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1167# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1168# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1169# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1170# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1171# with Namibia's neighbors. 1172 1173# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1174# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1175Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1176Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1177Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1178# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1179#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1180#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1181#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1182# End of rearguard section. 1183 1184# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1185Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1186 1:30 - %z 1903 Mar 1187 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1188 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1189 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1190# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1191 2:00 Namibia %s 1192# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1193# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1194# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1195# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1196# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1197# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1198# 2:00 - CAT 1199# End of rearguard section. 1200 1201 1202# Angola 1203# Benin 1204# Cameroon 1205# Central African Republic 1206# Democratic Republic of the Congo (western) 1207# Republic of the Congo 1208# Equatorial Guinea 1209# Gabon 1210# Niger 1211# Nigeria 1212 1213# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1214# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1215# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1216# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235 1217# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1218# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and 1219# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1220# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1221# 1222# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1223# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1224# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523 1225# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1226# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1227# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1228# 1229# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1230# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1231# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1232# p 27 1233# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1234# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1235# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1236# 7° 30' E. long." 1237# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1238# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1239# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1240# accordingly." 1241# 1242# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1243# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1244# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1245# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1246# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1247# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1248# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1249# 1919, s. 2.)" 1250# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1251# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1252# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1253# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1254# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915 1255# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1256# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1257# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1258# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1259# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1260# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1261# to compensate. 1262# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1263# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1264# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1265# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1266# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1267# img 245-246 1268# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1269 1270# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1271Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1272 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1273 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1274 0:30 - %z 1919 Sep 1 1275 1:00 - WAT 1276 1277# São Tomé and Príncipe 1278 1279# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1280 1281# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1282# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1283# they entered the year 2018. 1284# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1285# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1286# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1287 1288# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1289# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1290# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1291# 1292# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1293# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1294# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1295# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1296 1297Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1298 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1299 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1300 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1301 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1302 0:00 - GMT 1303 1304# Eswatini (Swaziland) 1305# Lesotho 1306# South Africa 1307 1308# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1309Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1310Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1311# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1313 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1314 2:00 SA SAST 1315# 1316# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1317# scientific station since 1947 1318# no information 1319 1320# Sudan 1321 1322# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1323# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1324# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1325# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1326# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1327# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1328 1329# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1330# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1331# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1332# 1333# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1334# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1335# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1336# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1337# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1338 1339# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1340Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1341Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1342Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1343Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1344# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1345Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1346 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1347 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1348 2:00 - CAT 1349 1350# South Sudan 1351 1352# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1353# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1354# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1355# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1356 1357# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1358Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1359 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1360 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1361 2:00 - CAT 1362 1363# Tunisia 1364 1365# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1366# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1367# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1368# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1369# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1370# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1371# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1372# Saturday." (My translation) 1373# 1374# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1375# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1376# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1377# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1378# 1h standard time. 1379# 1380# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1381# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1382# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1383# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1384# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1385 1386# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1387# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1388# (Arabic) 1389# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1390# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1391# 1392# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1393# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1394# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1395 1396# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1397# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1398# 1399# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1400# 1401# (in English) 1402# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1403# 1404# (in Arabic) 1405# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1406 1407# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1408# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1409# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1410# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1411# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1412# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1413 1414# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1415# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1416# 1417# (translation): 1418# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1419# Sunday... 1420# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1421# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1422# 1423# (in Arabic) 1424# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1425# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1426# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1427 1428# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1429Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1430Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1431Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1432Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1433Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1434Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1435Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1436Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1437Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1438Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1439Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1440Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1441Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1442Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1443Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1444Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1445Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1446Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1447Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1448Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1449Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1450Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1451Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1452Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1453Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1454 1455# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1456# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1457Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1458 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1459 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1460