1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 30# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37# but Mark R V Murray reports that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43# 44# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49# 50# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59# until we get more information. 60# 61# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 69 70# Algeria 71# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 90Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 92Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 93Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95# more precise 0:09:21. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 106 1:00 - CET 107 108# Angola 109# Benin 110# See Africa/Lagos. 111 112# Botswana 113# See Africa/Maputo. 114 115# Burkina Faso 116# See Africa/Abidjan. 117 118# Burundi 119# See Africa/Maputo. 120 121# Cameroon 122# See Africa/Lagos. 123 124# Cape Verde 125# 126# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 127# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 128# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 129# merely made it official? 130# 131# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 133 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 134 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 135 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 136 -1:00 - CVT 137 138# Central African Republic 139# See Africa/Lagos. 140 141# Chad 142# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 144 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 145 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 146 1:00 - WAT 147 148# Comoros 149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 151 3:00 - EAT 152 153# Democratic Republic of the Congo 154# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 155 156# Republic of the Congo 157# See Africa/Lagos. 158 159# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 162 0:00 - GMT 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 166Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 167Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 168Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 169Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 170Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 171Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe 172Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 173 174# Djibouti 175# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 177 3:00 - EAT 178 179############################################################################### 180 181# Egypt 182 183# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 184# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 185# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 186# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 187 188# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 189Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 190Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 191Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 193Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 195Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 196Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 197Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 199Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 200Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 202Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 203Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 204Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 205Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 206Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 207Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 208# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 209# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 210 211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 212# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 213# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 214# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 215# 216# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 217# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 218# or 219# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 220Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 221Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 222# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 223# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 224# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 225# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 226# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 227Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 228# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 229# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 230# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 231# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 232# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 233# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 234# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 235# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 236Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 237# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 238# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 239# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 240# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 241# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 242# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 243# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 244# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 245# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 246 247# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 248# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 249# 250# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 252# Apr 23 253# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 254# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 255# Apr 24 256# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 257# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 258# Aug 27 259# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 260# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 261# Aug 27 262# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 263# 264# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 265# :59) 266# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 267# 268# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 269# 270# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 271# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 272# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 273 274# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 275# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 276# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 277# in September. 278 279# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 280# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 281# Information and Decision Support Center: 282# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 283# 284# The Middle East News Agency 285# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 286# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 287# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 288# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 289# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 290# (at least today). 291 292# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 293# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 294# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 295# Ramadan. 296# 297# Arabic translation: 298# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 299# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 300# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 301 302# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 303# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 304# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 305 306# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 307# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 308 309# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 310# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 311# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 312# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 313# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 314# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 315# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 316# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 317# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 318# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 319# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 320# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 321 322# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 323# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 324# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 325# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 326# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 327# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 328# 329# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 330# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 331# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 332# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 333# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 334# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 335# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 336# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 337# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 338# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 339# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 340# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 341# (friday 5)) 342# (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 343# (setq a (1- a))) 344# (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 345# (setq b (1+ b))) 346# (setq a (1- a)) 347# (setq b (1- b)) 348# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 349# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 350# (insert 351# (format 352# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 353# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 354# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 355# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 356# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 357Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 358Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 359Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 360Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 361Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 362Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 363Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 364Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 365Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 366Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 367Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 368Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 369Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 370Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 371Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 372Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 373Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 374Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 375Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 376Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 377Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 378Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 379Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 380Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 381 382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 383Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 384 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 385 386# Equatorial Guinea 387# See Africa/Lagos. 388 389# Eritrea 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 392 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 393 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 394 3:00 - EAT 395 396# Ethiopia 397# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 398# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 399# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 400# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 401# 402# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 403# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 404# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 405# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 406# anyway. 407# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 409 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 410 3:00 - EAT 411 412# Gabon 413# See Africa/Lagos. 414 415# Gambia 416# See Africa/Abidjan. 417 418# Ghana 419# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 420# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 421# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 422# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 423# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 424# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 425# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 426Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 427Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 428# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 429Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 430 0:00 Ghana %s 431 432# Guinea 433# See Africa/Abidjan. 434 435# Guinea-Bissau 436# 437# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 438# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 439# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 440# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 441# 442# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 443Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 444 -1:00 - WAT 1975 445 0:00 - GMT 446 447# Kenya 448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 449Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 450 3:00 - EAT 1930 451 2:30 - BEAT 1940 452 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 453 3:00 - EAT 454 455# Lesotho 456# See Africa/Johannesburg. 457 458# Liberia 459# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 460# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 461# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 462# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 463# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 464# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 465# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 466# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 467# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 469 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 470 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 471 0:00 - GMT 472 473############################################################################### 474 475# Libya 476 477# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 478# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 479# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 480# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 481# 482# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 483# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 484# 485# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 486# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 487# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 488# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 489# lastFri instead of lastSun). 490 491# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 492# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 493# cancelled yesterday.... 494# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 495# 496# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 497# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 498 499# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 500Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 501Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 502Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 503Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 504Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 505Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 506Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 507Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 508Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 509Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 510Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 511Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 512Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 513Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 514Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 515Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 516Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 519 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 520 2:00 - EET 1982 521 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 522# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 523# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 524 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 525 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 526 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 527 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 528 2:00 - EET 529 530# Madagascar 531# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 533 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 534 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 535 3:00 - EAT 536 537# Malawi 538# See Africa/Maputo. 539 540# Mali 541# Mauritania 542# See Africa/Abidjan. 543 544# Mauritius 545 546# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 547# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 548# basis.... 549# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 550# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 551# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 552 553# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 554# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 555 556# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 557# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 558# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 559# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 560 561# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 562# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 563 564# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 565# According to 566# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 567# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 568# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 569# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 570# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 571# 572# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 573# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 574# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 575# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 576# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 577# changes two days later. 578 579# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 580# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 581# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 582# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 583# 584# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 585# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 586# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 587# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 588 589# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 590# The Government of Mauritius weblink 591# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 592# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 593# 594# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 595# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 596# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 597# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 598# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 599# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 600# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 601# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 602# and end on 29 March 2009. 603 604# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 605# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 606# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 607# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 608# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 609 610# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 611# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 612# DST the coming summer... 613# 614# Some sources, in French: 615# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 616# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 617# 618# Our wrap-up: 619# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 620 621# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 622# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 623# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 624# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 625 626# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 627Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 628Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 629Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 630Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 631# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 632Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 633 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 634# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 635# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 636 637# Mayotte 638# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 639Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 640 3:00 - EAT 641 642# Morocco 643# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 644 645# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 646# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 647# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 648# 649# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 650# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 651# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 652# 653# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 654# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 655 656# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 657# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 658# Presse: 659# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 660# 661# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 662# spokesman. 663 664# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 665# According to this article: 666# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 667# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 668# the changes occur at midnight: 669# 670# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 671# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 672# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 673# 674# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 675# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 676# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 677# June 1st to Sept 27th. 678# 679# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 680# published on the web. 681# 682# It's also confirmed here: 683# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 684# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 685# posted in English). 686# 687# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 688# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 689 690# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 691# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 692# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 693# of September: 694# 695# One article about it (in French): 696# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 697# 698# We have some further details posted here: 699# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 700 701# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 702# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 703# to many sources, such as 704# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 705# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 706# (French) 707# 708# Our summary: 709# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 710 711# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 712# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 713# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 714# 715# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 716# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 717# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 718# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 719# 720# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 721# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 722 723# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 724# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 725# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 726# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 727# 728# Example: 729# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 730# (French) 731# Our page: 732# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 733 734# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 735# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 736# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 737# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 738# ...Official links of change in morocco 739# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 740# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 741# +212.537.71.84.00 742# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 743# They said that 744# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 745# is the official publication to look at. 746# They said that the decision was already taken. 747# 748# More articles in the press 749# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 750# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 751# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 752 753# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 754# They have it written in English here: 755# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 756# 757# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 758# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 759# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 760# also been like that in the past. 761 762# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 763# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 764# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 765# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 766# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 767# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 768# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 769# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 770# except the month of Ramadan. 771# or (brief) 772# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 773 774# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 775# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 776# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 777# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 778# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 779# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 780 781# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 782# Seen Morocco change again: 783# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 784# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 785# comme annoncé précédemment." 786 787# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 788# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 789# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 790# 791# Google translation, lightly edited: 792# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 793# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 794# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 795# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 796# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 797# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 798# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 799# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 800# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 801 802# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 803# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 804# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 805# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 806# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 807# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 808 809# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 810# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 811# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 812# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 813 814# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 815# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 816# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 817# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 818# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 819# source (French): 820# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 821# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 822# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 823 824# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 825# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 826 827# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 828# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 829# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 830# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 831# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 832 833# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 834# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 835# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 836# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 837# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 838# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 839# results integrated by hand into the table below. 840# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 841# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 842# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 843# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 844# (saturday 6)) 845# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 846# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 847# (setq b (1+ b))) 848# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 849# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 850# (insert 851# (format 852# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 853# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 854# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 855# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 856# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 857 858# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 859 860Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 861Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 862Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 863Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 864Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 865Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 866Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 867Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 868Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 869Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 870Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 871Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 872Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 873Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 874Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 875Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 876Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 877Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 878Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 879Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 880Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 881Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 882Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 883Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 884Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 886Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 887Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 888Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 889Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 890Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 891Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 894Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 899Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 901Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 902Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 903Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 904Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 905Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 906Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 907Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 908Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 909Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 910Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 911Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 913Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 914Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 916 917# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 918Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 920 1:00 - CET 1986 921 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 922 923# Western Sahara 924# 925# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 926# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 927# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 928# Morocco does. 929# 930# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 931# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 932# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 933 934Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 935 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 936 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 937 938# Mozambique 939# 940# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 941# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 942# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 943# merely made it official? 944# 945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 946Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 947 2:00 - CAT 948Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 949Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 950Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 951Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 952Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 953Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 954Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 955 956# Namibia 957# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 958# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 959 960# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 961# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 962# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 963# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 964# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 965# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 966# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 967# of the country. 968# 969# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 970# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 971# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 972 973# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 974Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 975Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 976# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 977Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 978 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 979 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 980 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 981 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 982 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 983 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 984 985# Niger 986# See Africa/Lagos. 987 988# Nigeria 989# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 990Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 991 1:00 - WAT 992Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 993Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 994Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 995Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 996Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 997Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 998Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 999Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1000Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1001 1002# Réunion 1003# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1004Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1005 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time 1006# 1007# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1008# 1009# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1010# The following information about them is taken from 1011# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1012# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1013# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1014# 1015# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1016# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1017# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1018# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1019# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1020 1021# Rwanda 1022# See Africa/Maputo. 1023 1024# St Helena 1025# See Africa/Abidjan. 1026# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1027# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1028# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1029# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1030# on GMT, says the CIA 1031# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1032 1033# São Tomé and Príncipe 1034# Senegal 1035# See Africa/Abidjan. 1036 1037# Seychelles 1038# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1039Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1040 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1041# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1042# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1043# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1044# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1045# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1046# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1047 1048# Sierra Leone 1049# See Africa/Abidjan. 1050 1051# Somalia 1052# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1053Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1054 3:00 - EAT 1931 1055 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1056 3:00 - EAT 1057 1058# South Africa 1059# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1060Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1061Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1062# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1063Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1064 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1065 2:00 SA SAST 1066Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1067Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1068# 1069# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1070# scientific station since 1947 1071# no information 1072 1073# Sudan 1074# 1075# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1076# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1077# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1078# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1079# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1080# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1081# 1082# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1083Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1084Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1085Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1086Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1087# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1088Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1089 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1090 3:00 - EAT 1091 1092# South Sudan 1093Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1094 1095# Swaziland 1096# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1097 1098# Tanzania 1099# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1100Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1101 3:00 - EAT 1948 1102 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1103 3:00 - EAT 1104 1105# Togo 1106# See Africa/Abidjan. 1107 1108# Tunisia 1109 1110# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1111# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1112# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1113# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1114# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1115# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1116# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1117# Saturday." (My translation) 1118# 1119# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1120# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1121# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1122# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1123# 1h standard time. 1124# 1125# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1126# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1127# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1128# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1129# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1130 1131# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1132# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1133# (Arabic) 1134# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1135# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1136# 1137# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1138# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1139# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1140 1141# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1142# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1143# 1144# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1145# 1146# (in English) 1147# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1148# 1149# (in Arabic) 1150# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1151 1152# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1153# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1154# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1155# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1156# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1157# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1158 1159# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1160# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1161# 1162# (translation): 1163# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1164# Sunday... 1165# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1166# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1167# 1168# (in Arabic) 1169# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1170# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1171# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1172 1173# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1174Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1175Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1176Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1177Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1178Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1179Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1180Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1181Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1182Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1183Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1184Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1185Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1186Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1187Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1188Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1189Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1190Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1191Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1192Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1193Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1194Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1195Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1196Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1197Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1198Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1199 1200# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1201# more precise 0:09:21. 1202# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1203# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1204Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1205 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1206 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1207 1208# Uganda 1209# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1210Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1211 3:00 - EAT 1930 1212 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1213 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1214 3:00 - EAT 1215 1216# Zambia 1217# Zimbabwe 1218# See Africa/Maputo. 1219