xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision fc5ef1ca4f293be626e3d021aed0be976a79fcab)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
34
35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
36
37	Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in
38	the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade
39	either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including
40	10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and
41	11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so
42	you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the
43	stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade.
44	stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs
45	from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on
46	the last couple of stable branches, so be careful.
47
48	If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang
49	compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system
50	will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder.
51
52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
53
5420171106:
55	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
56	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
57	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
58	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
59	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
60
6120171102:
62	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
63	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
64	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necesarry.
65	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
66	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
67	environment.
68
6920171101:
70	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
71	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
72	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
73	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
74	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
75	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
76	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
77	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
78	than hardcoding paths.
79
8020171028:
81	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
82	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
83	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
84
8520171021:
86	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
87	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
88	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
89	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
90
9120171010:
92	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
93	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
94
9520171005:
96	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
97	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
98	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
99	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
100
10120171003:
102	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
103	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
104	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
105	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
106	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
107
10820170912:
109	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
110	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
111	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
112	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
113	/etc/ctl.conf .
114
11520170912:
116	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
117	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
118	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
119	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
120	soft-float everything else should be affected.
121
12220170826:
123	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
124	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
125
12620170825:
127	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
128	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
129	to complete.
130
13120170814:
132	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
133	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
134	${TESTSDIR}.
135
136	Behavioral changes:
137	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
138	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
139	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
140	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
141
142	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
143	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
144	sandbox if successful.
145
146	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
147	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
148	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
149	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
150	an unprivileged user.
151
15220170808:
153	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
154	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
155	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
156	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
157	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
158	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
159	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
160	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
161	forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
162	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
163	to which you should answer yes.
164
16520170728:
166	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
167	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
168	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
169	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
170	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
171
17220170722:
173	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
174	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
175	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
176
17720170701:
178	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
179	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
180
18120170625:
182	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
183	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
184	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
185	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
186	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
187	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
188	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
189
19020170623:
191	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
192	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
193	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
194	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
195	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
196	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
197
19820170620:
199	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
200	if you require the GPL compiler.
201
20220170618:
203	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
204	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
205	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
206
20720170617:
208	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
209	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
210	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
211	followed.
212
21320170531:
214	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
215	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
216	from ports (and recommends to install it).
217	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
218	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
219	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
220
22120170524:
222	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
223	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
224	which only require one chipset support.
225
226	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
227
228	if_ath_load="YES"
229
230	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
231	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
232	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
233
234	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
235	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
236
237	* load ath_hal
238	* load the chip modules in question
239	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
240	* load ath_main
241	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
242	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
243
244	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
245
24620170523:
247	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
248	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
249	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
250
251	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
252	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
253	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
254
255	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
256	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
257	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
258	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
259	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
260	installing world.
261
26220170424:
263	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
264	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
265	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
266
26720170420:
268	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
269	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
270	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
271
27220170413:
273	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
274	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
275	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
276	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
277	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
278	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
279	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
280
28120170407:
282	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
283	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
284	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
285	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
286
28720170405:
288	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
289	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
290	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
291
29220170331:
293	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
294	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
295	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
296
29720170329:
298	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
299	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
300
301	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
302	via one of the following methods:
303	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
304	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
305	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
306	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
307
308	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
309
31020170316:
311	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
312	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
313	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
314	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
315	with mmc.ko).
316
31720170315:
318	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
319	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
320	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
321	be prefixed with colon.
322
32320170311:
324	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
325	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
326	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
327
32820170302:
329	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
330	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
331	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
332
33320170221:
334	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
335	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
336	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
337	change.
338
33920170216:
340	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
341	valid.
342
34320170215:
344	MCA bus support has been removed.
345
34620170127:
347	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
348	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
349
35020170112:
351	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
352	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
353
35420170109:
355	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
356	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
357	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
358
35920161217:
360	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
361	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
362	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
363
36420161124:
365	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
366	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
367	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
368
36920161119:
370	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
371	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
372	that link against it need to be recompiled.
373
37420161030:
375	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
376	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
377	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
378	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
379
38020161017:
381	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
382	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
383	parts.
384	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
385	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
386
38720161015:
388	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
389	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
390	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
391	removed from base.
392
39320161008:
394	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
395	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
396	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
397
39820161003:
399	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
400	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
401
40220160924:
403	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
404	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
405	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
406	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
407
40820160918:
409	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
410	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
411	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
412	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
413	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
414
41520160918:
416	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
417
41820160908:
419	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
420	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
421	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
422	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
423
42420160824:
425	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
426	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
427	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
428	to 1200005.
429
43020160818:
431	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
432	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
433	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
434	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
435	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
436	0.
437
43820160818:
439	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
440	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
441
44220160622:
443	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
444	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
445	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
446	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
447	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
448	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
449	kernel.
450
45120160527:
452	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
453	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
454	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
455	previously contained a line like
456	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
457	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
458	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
459	generally be fine.
460
46120160523:
462	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
463	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
464	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
465	built with the old headers.
466
46720160520:
468	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
469	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
470	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
471	installing a new libc.
472
47320160517:
474	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
475	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
476	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
477	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
478	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
479	packages will be needed.
480
481	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
482	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
483	and the install steps.
484
48520160510:
486	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
487	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
488	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
489	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
490	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
491	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
492
49320160414:
494	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
495	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
496	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
497	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
498	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
499
500		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
501		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
502		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
503		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
504		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
505
506	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
507	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
508	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
509	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
510	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
511	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
512	vendors work.
513
514	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
515	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
516		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
517	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
518	quirks entry to 0x3.
519
52020160330:
521	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
522	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
523	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
524
52520160317:
526	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
527	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
528
52920160311:
530	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
531	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
532	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
533	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
534	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
535	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
536	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
537	stale .depend files.
538
53920160306:
540	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
541	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
542	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
543	rebooting, e.g.:
544
545	make buildworld
546	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
547	make -C sys/boot install
548	<reboot in single user>
549
550	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
551	below.
552
55320160305:
554	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
555	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
556	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
557
55820160301:
559	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
560	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
561	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
562	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
563	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
564	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
565
56620160226:
567	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
568	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
569	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
570	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
571	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
572
57320160129:
574	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
575	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
576	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
577	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
578	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
579
58020160119:
581	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
582	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
583
58420160113:
585	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
586	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
587	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
588
58920151216:
590	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
591	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
592	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
593	other loaders.
594
59520151211:
596	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
597	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
598	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
599	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
600	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
601	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
602
60320151207:
604	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
605	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
606	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
607	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
608	in src.conf(5).
609
61020151130:
611	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
612	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
613	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
614
61520151108:
616	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
617	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
618	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
619
620	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
621	collation results will be different.
622
623	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
624	locales before running make installworld.
625
626	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
627
62820151030:
629	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
630	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
631
63220151020:
633	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
634	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
635	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
636
63720151017:
638	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
639	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
640	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
641	and 'make -N' will not.
642
64320151012:
644	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
645	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
646	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
647	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
648	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
649	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
650	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
651	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
652
65320151011:
654	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
655	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
656	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
657	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
658
65920151006:
660	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
661	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
662	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
663
66420150924:
665	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
666	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
667	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
668	userland debug files.
669
670	When using the supported kernel installation method the
671	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
672	as is done with /boot/kernel.
673
674	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
675	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
676
67720150827:
678	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
679	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
680	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
681	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
682	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
683	rc.d scripts in /etc.
684
68520150827:
686	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
687	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
688	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
689
69020150817:
691	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
692	them, the kernel must have
693
694	device	random
695	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
696
697	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
698	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
699	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
700	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
701
702	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
703	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
704
70520150813:
706	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
707	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
708	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
709
71020150810:
711	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
712	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
713	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
714	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
715
716	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
717	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
718	difference with this change.
719
720	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
721	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
722	remove that workaround.
723
72420150809:
725	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
726	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
727	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
728	with:
729
730	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
731
73220150806:
733	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
734	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
735	loader.rc.local instead.
736
73720150805:
738	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
739	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
740	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
741
74220150728:
743	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
744	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
745	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
746
747	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
748	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
749
75020150706:
751	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
752	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
753	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
754	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
755	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
756	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
757	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
758	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
759	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
760	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
761	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
762	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
763
76420150630:
765	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
766	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
767
768	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
769	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
770	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
771
772	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
773	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
774
775	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
776	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
777	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
778
779	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
780	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
781	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
782	and it is assumed you know what you need.
783
784	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
785	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
786	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
787	behaviour from your security subsystems.
788
789	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
790	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
791	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
792	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
793	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
794	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
795	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
796	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
797	will never happen.
798
79920150623:
800	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
801	entry below has been been committed in revision 284717.
802
80320150616:
804	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
805	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
806
80720150615:
808	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
809	below has been been committed in revision 284436.  The work
810	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
811	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
812	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
813
81420150614:
815	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
816	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
817	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
818	with Kyuafile and kyua.
819
82020150614:
821	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
822	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
823	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
824	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
825	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
826	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
827	2048 bit DH parameter by:
828
829	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
830	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
831	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
832	   replace it with '2'.
833	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
834	   a file path, create a new file with:
835		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
836	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
837		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
838	5. Restart sendmail:
839		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
840
841	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
842	updated.
843
84420150604:
845	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
846	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
847	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
848	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
849	5.x.
850
851	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
852
85320150525:
854	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
855	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
856	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
857
85820150521:
859	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
860	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
861	and Pandaboard:
862
863	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
864	  same but content is different now
865	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
866	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
867	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
868	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
869	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
870
87120150501:
872	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
873	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
874	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
875
87620150423:
877	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
878	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
879
88020150415:
881	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
882	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
883
88420150416:
885	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
886	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
887	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
888
88920150324:
890	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
891	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
892	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
893	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
894
89520150315:
896	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
897	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
898	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
899
90020150307:
901	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
902	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
903	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
904	kernel before rebooting.
905
90620150217:
907	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
908	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
909	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
910	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
911	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
912	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
913
91420150210:
915	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
916	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
917	with the new kernel.
918
91920150131:
920	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
921	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
922	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
923
92420150118:
925	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
926	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
927	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
928	are not already using 3.5.0.
929
93020150107:
931	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
932	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
933	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
934	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
935	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
936
93720150105:
938	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
939	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
940	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
941	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
942
94320150102:
944	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
945	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
946
94720141231:
948	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
949
950	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
951	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
952	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
953	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
954	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
955	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
956	later.
957
958	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
959	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
960	of the box.
961
962	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
963	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
964	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
965	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
966
967	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
968	the instructions for 9.x above.
969
970	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
971	default, and do not build clang.
972
973	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
974	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
975	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
976
977	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
978	the following are most likely to appear:
979
980	-Wabsolute-value
981
982	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
983	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
984	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
985	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
986	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
987	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
988	  cast, or disable the warning.
989
990	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
991	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
992	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
993	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
994	  side-effects.
995
996	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
997	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
998
999	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1000	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1001	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1002	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1003
1004	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1005	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1006	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1007	unreachable could be optimized away.
1008
100920141222:
1010	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1011	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1012	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1013	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1014	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1015	the utilities will report errors.
1016
101720141121:
1018	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1019	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1020	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1021	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1022	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1023	LOCAL_DIRS.
1024
102520141109:
1026	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1027	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1028
102920141104:
1030	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1031	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1032	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1033	drivers.
1034
1035	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1036	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1037	indicate what you need to do.
1038
1039	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1040	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1041	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1042
1043	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1044	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1045	  kern.vty=sc
1046
104720141102:
1048	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1049	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1050	execute it.
1051
105220141009:
1053	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1054	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1055	devel/gperf port.
1056
105720140923:
1058	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1059	contrib/pjdfstest .
1060
106120140922:
1062	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1063	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1064	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1065	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1066	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1067	their next update cycle.
1068
106920140729:
1070	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1071	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1072	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1073	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1074	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1075
107620140723:
1077	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1078	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1079
108020140719:
1081	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1082	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1083	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1084	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1085	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1086	new configuration.
1087
108820140709:
1089	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1090	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1091	them again.
1092	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1093
109420140708:
1095	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1096	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1097	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1098	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1099	requires readline.
1100
110120140702:
1102	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1103	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1104	architecture.
1105
110620140701:
1107	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1108	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1109	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1110	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1111	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1112
111320140629:
1114	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1115	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1116	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1117
111820140619:
1119	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1120	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1121	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1122
112320140606:
1124	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1125	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1126	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1127	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1128	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1129	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1130	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1131	"make installworld".
1132
1133	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1134	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1135	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1136	is run.
1137
1138	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1139	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1140	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1141	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1142	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1143
114420140512:
1145	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1146
114720140508:
1148	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1149	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1150	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1151
115220140505:
1153	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1154	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1155	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1156	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1157	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1158	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1159	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1160	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1161	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1162	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1163	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1164	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1165
1166	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1167	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1168	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1169	as well.
1170
117120140430:
1172	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1173	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1174
117520140424:
1176	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1177	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1178	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1179	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1180	build hosts for older releases.
1181
1182	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1183	r276991, respectively.
1184
118520140418:
1186	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1187	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1188	will silently lack HESIOD.
1189
119020140405:
1191	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1192	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1193	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1194	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1195	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1196	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1197	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1198	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1199	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1200	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1201	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1202	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1203
120420140306:
1205	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1206	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1207	with command line option -W.
1208
120920140226:
1210	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1211	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1212	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1213	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1214	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1215
121620140216:
1217	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1218
121920140216:
1220	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1221	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1222
122320140212:
1224	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1225	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1226	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1227	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1228	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1229
123020140204:
1231	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1232	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1233	kernel is still highly recommended.
1234
123520140131:
1236	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1237	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1238	capability mode support in kernel.
1239
124020140128:
1241	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1242	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1243	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1244	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1245	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1246
124720140110:
1248	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1249	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1250	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1251	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1252	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1253	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1254
125520131213:
1256	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1257	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1258	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1259	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1260	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1261	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1262	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1263	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1264	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1265
126620131108:
1267	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1268	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1269	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1270	should change your settings to use the latter.
1271
127220131025:
1273	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1274	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1275	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1276	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1277	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1278
127920131014:
1280	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1281	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1282	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1283	delete-old-libs":
1284	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1285	  or
1286	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1287
128820131010:
1289	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1290	revision r256279.
1291
129220131010:
1293	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1294	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1295	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1296	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1297	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
1298	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1299
1300	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1301	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1302	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1303	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
1304	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1305	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1306
1307	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1308	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1309	with an integer.
1310
131120130930:
1312	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
1313	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1314	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1315	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1316
1317	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1318	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1319	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1320	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1321
132220130916:
1323	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1324	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1325	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1326
132720130911:
1328	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1329	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
1330	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
1331	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1332
133320130906:
1334	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1335	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1336	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1337	options in src.conf.
1338
133920130905:
1340	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1341	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1342	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1343	'options PROCDESC'.
1344
134520130905:
1346	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1347	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1348	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1349	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1350	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1351	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1352
135320130903:
1354	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
1355	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
1356	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1357
135820130821:
1359	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1360	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1361	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1362
136320130813:
1364	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
1365	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1366	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1367	compatibility.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1368	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1369	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1370
137120130806:
1372	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1373	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
1374	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1375	explicitly.
1376	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1377	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
1378	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1379	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1380	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1381
138220130806:
1383	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1384	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
1385	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1386	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1387	to r253970 or later.
1388
138920130802:
1390	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1391	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1392	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1393	would result:
1394
1395	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1396
1397	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1398	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1399	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1400	old as well as the new version of find.
1401
140220130726:
1403	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1404	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1405	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1406	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1407	subdirectories must be reviewed.
1408
140920130716:
1410	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1411	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1412	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1413
1414	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1415
1416	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1417	users are advised to upgrade.
1418
141920130709:
1420	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1421	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1422
142320130709:
1424	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1425	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1426	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1427
142820130618:
1429	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1430	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1431	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1432	write access to that file.
1433
143420130615:
1435	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
1436	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1437
143820130613:
1439	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1440
1441		make: illegal option -- J
1442		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1443			...
1444		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
1445
1446	this likely due to an old instance of make in
1447	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1448	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1449	you see the above error:
1450
1451		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1452
1453	should resolve it.
1454
145520130516:
1456	Use bmake by default.
1457	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1458	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1459	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1460
1461	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1462	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1463	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1464	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1465	behavior in parallel build.
1466
146720130429:
1468	Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1469
147020130426:
1471	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1472	the IDEA patent expired.
1473
147420130426:
1475	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1476	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1477	enabled by default.
1478
147920130425:
1480	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1481	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1482	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1483	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1484	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1485	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1486	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1487	&& make install).
1488
148920130404:
1490	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1491	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
1492	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1493	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1494	and removed.
1495
149620130319:
1497	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1498	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1499	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1500	binaries will not work on older kernels.
1501
150220130308:
1503	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1504	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1505
150620130304:
1507	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1508	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1509	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1510	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1511	is requested.
1512
1513	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1514	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1515	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1516	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1517	in /boot/loader.conf.
1518
151920130301:
1520	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1521	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1522	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1523	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
1524	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1525
152620130208:
1527	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
1528	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1529
1530	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1531	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1532
153320130129:
1534	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1535	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1536	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1537	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1538	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1539
154020130121:
1541	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1542	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1543	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1544	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1545	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1546	/etc/src.conf.
1547
154820130118:
1549	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1550	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
1551	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1552	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1553	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
1554	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1555	use is expected to be extremely rare.
1556
155720121223:
1558	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1559	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1560	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1561
156220121222:
1563	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1564	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1565	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1566	be updated.
1567
156820121217:
1569	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
1570	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1571	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1572
1573		savecore_flags=""
1574
157520121201:
1576	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1577	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1578	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1579
158020121117:
1581	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1582	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1583	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1584	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1585	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1586	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1587
158820121105:
1589	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1590	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1591	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1592	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
1593	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1594	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1595	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1596	branch point).
1597
159820121102:
1599	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1600	functionality now turned on by default.
1601
160220121023:
1603	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1604	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1605	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1606	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1607	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1608	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1609	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1610	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1611	of the two kernel options.
1612
161320121023:
1614	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1615	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1616	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1617	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1618
161920121022:
1620	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1621	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1622	recompiled.
1623
162420121018:
1625	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1626	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1627	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1628
162920121016:
1630	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1631	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1632	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1633	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1634	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1635
163620121015:
1637	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1638	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1639	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1640	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1641
164220121014:
1643	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1644
164520121013:
1646	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1647	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1648	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1649	knob has also gone.
1650
165120121006:
1652	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1653	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1654	with new kernel.
1655
165620121001:
1657	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1658	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
1659	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1660
166120120913:
1662	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1663	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1664	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1665	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1666	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1667	configurations.
1668
166920120908:
1670	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1671	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1672
167320120828:
1674	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1675	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1676	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1677	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1678	manual page.
1679
168020120727:
1681	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1682	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1683	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1684
168520120712:
1686	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
1687	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
1688	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1689
169020120712:
1691	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1692	with other variables:
1693	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1694	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1695
169620120628:
1697	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
1698	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1699	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
1700	installed as "bsdsort".
1701
170220120611:
1703	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1704	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1705	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1706	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1707	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1708	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1709	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1710	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1711	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1712
171320120417:
1714	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1715	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
1716	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1717	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1718	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
1719	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1720	NAMESPACE section).
1721
172220120328:
1723	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
1724	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
1725	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1726	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
1727	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1728	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1729	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1730
173120120306:
1732	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1733	platforms.
1734
173520120229:
1736	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
1737	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1738	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1739	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1740	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1741	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1742
174320120211:
1744	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1745	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1746	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
1747	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1748	comes from 20111215.
1749
175020120114:
1751	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
1752	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1753	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1754	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1755
1756	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1757	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1758
175920120109:
1760	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1761	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1762	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1763	tunable/sysctl.
1764	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1765
176620111215:
1767	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1768	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1769	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1770	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1771	not supported anymore.
1772
1773	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1774	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1775	need to be recompiled.
1776
177720111122:
1778	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1779	/dev/wmistat0.
1780
178120111108:
1782	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1783	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1784	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1785	time.
1786
178720111101:
1788	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1789	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1790
179120110930:
1792	sysinstall has been removed
1793
179420110923:
1795	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1796	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1797
1798COMMON ITEMS:
1799
1800	General Notes
1801	-------------
1802	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1803	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1804	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1805	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1806	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1807	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1808	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1809
1810	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1811	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1812	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1813	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1814	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1815
1816	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1817	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1818	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1819	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1820	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1821	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgade from
1822	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1823	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1824	an exception.
1825
1826	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1827	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1828	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1829	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1830
1831	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1832	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1833	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1834	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1835	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1836	should write them with this in mind.
1837
1838	ZFS notes
1839	---------
1840	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1841	these two steps:
1842
1843	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1844	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1845
1846	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1847
1848	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1849	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1850	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1851
1852	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1853
1854	To build a kernel
1855	-----------------
1856	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1857	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1858	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1859
1860	make kernel-toolchain
1861	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1862	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1863
1864	To test a kernel once
1865	---------------------
1866	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1867	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1868	debugging information) run
1869	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1870	nextboot -k testkernel
1871
1872	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1873	-----------------------------------------------------------
1874	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1875	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1876
1877	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1878	make buildworld
1879	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1880	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1881							[1]
1882	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1883	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1884	make installworld
1885	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1886	make delete-old					[6]
1887	<reboot>
1888
1889	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1890	--------------------------------------------------
1891	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1892	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1893	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1894	# size.
1895
1896	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1897	<boot into -stable>
1898	make buildworld
1899	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1900	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1901	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1902	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1903	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1904	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1905	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1906	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1907	<reboot into current>
1908	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1909	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1910	<reboot>
1911
1912
1913	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1914	----------------------------------------------
1915	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1916	make buildworld					[9]
1917	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1918							[1]
1919	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1920	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1921	make installworld
1922	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1923	make delete-old					[6]
1924	<reboot>
1925
1926	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1927	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1928	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1929	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1930	the UPDATING entries.
1931
1932	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1933	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1934	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1935	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1936	much fewer pitfalls.
1937
1938	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1939	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1940	system on reboot.
1941
1942	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1943		fsck -p
1944		mount -u /
1945		mount -a
1946		cd src
1947		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1948	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1949	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1950
1951	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1952	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1953	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1954	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1955	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1956	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1957	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1958
1959	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1960	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1961	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1962	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1963	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1964	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1965
1966	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1967	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1968	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1969
1970	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1971	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1972	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1973	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1974	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1975	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1976
1977	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1978	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1979
1980	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1981	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1982	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1983
1984	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1985	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1986	warn if it is improperly defined.
1987FORMAT:
1988
1989This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1990breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1991list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1992If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1993to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1994
1995Copyright information:
1996
1997Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1998
1999Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2000modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2001document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2002
2003THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2004IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2005WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2006DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2007INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2008(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2009SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2010HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2011STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2012IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2013POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2014
2015Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2016this document.
2017
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2019