xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision daf2a138029118f4febde5874609a4a65fdec4dc)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020250625:
31	"make delete-old" will now remove the Forth bootloader entirely
32	if the system is built with WITHOUT_FORTH.
33
3420250614:
35	MIT KRB5 (MIT Kerberos5) has been imported into 15-CURRENT. To
36	and install MIT KRB5, add WITH_MITKRB5=yes to /etc/src.conf. This
37	will build and install MIT KRB5 1.21.3. And it will remove Heimdal
38	1.5.2 when delete-old and delete-old-libs are run. To revert back
39	simply buildworld/installworld again with delete-old-libs and
40	delete-old.
41
42	At the moment we only know of a couple of ports that might be
43	affected. Adjusting libmap.conf does not circumvent runtime issues.
44	The few affected ports must be rebuilt. A successful exp-run will be
45	run before MIT KRB5 becomes default.
46
47	Those using the KDC in FreeBSD base may wish to wait. The Heimdal
48	HDB is incompatible with the MIT KRB5 KDC. The migration procedure
49	is a little involved.
50
5120250603:
52	LinuxKPI dma-mapping.h were pulled into the tree from drm-kmod.
53	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1500045 to be able to detect this change.
54
5520250527:
56	pf changed extension header handling. It now treats AH headers on IPv4 just
57	like AH headers on IPv6 and skips over them, allowing filtering on the inner
58	protocol.
59
6020250527:
61	pf now blocks IPv6 packets with a hop-by-hop or destination options header by
62	default. Such packets can be passed by adding "allow-opts" to the rule. IPv6
63	options are now handled just like their IPv4 counterparts.
64
6520250527:
66	The CAM target layer userland, i.e. ctld(8), ctladm(8) and ctlstat(8),
67	has moved to the new FreeBSD-ctl package.  If you use pkgbase and you
68	need the CAM Target Layer, you should install the new package.
69
70	Development-related tools (e.g. ar and nm) have moved to the new
71	"FreeBSD-toolchain" package, which subsumes and obsoletes the
72	existing "FreeBSD-elftoolchain" package.  If you use pkgbase and
73	need to compile software, you should install the new package and
74	ensure the old FreeBSD-elftoolchain* packages are completely removed.
75
7620250521:
77	Commit e64fe5ad3a23 removed in6_maxmtu and its setter in6_setmaxmtu().
78	in6_maxmtu is used to store the max IPv6 MTU of all interfaces,
79	however it does not have any in-tree consumers since the introduction
80	from the KAME project. The removal should have little impact, and the
81	max IPv6 MTU can be easily retrieved by iterating over all the attached
82	interface if 3rd party modules need it.
83
8420250515:
85	Commit 772258c89f28 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
86	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
87
8820250513:
89	The bridge(4) sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs now defaults to 0,
90	meaning that interfaces added to a bridge may not have IP addresses
91	assigned.  Refer to bridge(4) for more information.
92
9320250507:
94	UMASS quirks and auto-quirk probing has been overhauled. CAM now won't
95	send SYNCHRONIZE CACHE unless MODE PAGE 8 is present and valid. This
96	should allow more devices to work (since the auto quirk code was updated
97	in 14 and broke several e-readers and the like). Please send imp@freebsd.org
98	any regression reports.
99
10020250504:
101	Commit 9419e086e1a3 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
102	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
103
10420250412:
105	LinuxKPI alloc routines were changed to return physically contiguous
106	memory where expected. These changes may require out-of-tree drivers
107	to be recompiled.
108	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500037 to be able to detect this change.
109
11020250409:
111	Intel iwlwifi firmware has been removed from the src repository.
112	Before updating their system, users of iwlwifi(4) or iwx(4) must
113	install the appropriate firmware for their chipset using fwget(8) or
114	building it from ports.
115
11620250314:
117	We now use LLVM's binary utilities (nm, objcopy, etc.) by default.
118	The WITHOUT_LLVM_BINUTILS src.conf(5) knob can be used to revert to
119	ELF Tool Chain tools if desired.
120
12120250303:
122	Commit 4a77657cbc01 changed the ABI between ipfw(8) and ipfw(4).
123	Please note that the old ipfw(8) binary will not work with the new
124	ipfw(4) module. Therefore, it is recommended to disable ipfw during
125	the upgrade, otherwise the host system may become inaccessible because
126	ipfw rules cannot be installed with the old binary.
127
12820250214:
129	Commit 4517fbfd4251 modified the internal API between the
130	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both of these modules
131	need to be rebuilt from sources.
132
13320250201:
134	The NFS related daemons, that provide RPC services to the kernel:
135	gssd(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.tlsservd(8) and rpc.tlsclntd(8), now use a
136	different transport - netlink(4) socket instead of unix(4).  Users of
137	NFS need to upgrade both kernel and world (binaries and libc) at once.
138	Also, any revision between 88cd1e17a7d8 and 99e5a70046da should be
139	avoided.
140
14120250129:
142	Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to
143	February 7, 2106. This affects only UFS1 format filesystems.
144	See commit message 1111a44301da for details.
145
14620250127:
147	The Allwinner a10_timer driver has been renamed to aw_driver. If you
148	have a custom kernel configuration including the line 'device
149	a10_timer', it must be adjusted to 'device aw_timer'. The same applies
150	for device exclusions with 'nodevice'.
151
15220250106:
153	A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration
154	targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for
155	this SoC familly will be selected.
156	Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC.
157
15820241223:
159	The layout of NFS file handles for the tarfs, tmpfs, cd9660, and ext2fs
160	file systems has changed.  An NFS server that exports any of these file
161	systems will need its clients to unmount and remount the exports.
162
16320241216:
164	The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead
165	shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need
166	to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package.
167
16820241124:
169	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
170	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
171	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
172
17320241107:
174	The ng_ubt(4) driver now requires firmwares to be loaded on Realtek
175	adaptors with rtlbtfw(8) utility. It no longer attaches to devices
176	standing in bootloader mode. Firmware files are available in the
177	comms/rtlbt-firmware port.
178
17920241025:
180	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
181	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
182	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
183	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
184	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
185
18620241013:
187	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
188	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
189	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
190	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
191
19220240729:
193	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
194	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
195	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
196	behaviour.
197
198	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
199	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
200	added, if necessary.
201
20220240715:
203	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
204	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
205	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
206	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
207		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
208	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
209	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
210	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
211
21220240712:
213	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
214
21520240617:
216	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
217	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
218	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
219
22020240428:
221	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
222	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
223	should install FreeBSD-audit.
224
22520240424:
226	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
227	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
228	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
229
23020240406:
231	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
232	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
233	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
234	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
235	errors in C++ programs.
236
23720240205:
238	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
239	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
240	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
241	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
242
24320240202:
244	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
245	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
246	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
247	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
248
249	The following sequencing is applied:
250
251	1. Bootstrap:
252	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
253
254	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
255	    /boot/device.hints
256	    /boot/loader.conf
257
258	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
259	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
260
261	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
262	    /boot/loader.conf.local
263
26420240201:
265	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
266	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
267	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
268	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
269	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
270
27120240111:
272	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
273	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
274	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
275	bumped to 1500010.
276
27720231120:
278	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
279	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
280	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
281	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
282	undisable ACPI by doing
283		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
284	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
285	small window where amd64 was also broken.
286
28720231113:
288	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
289	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
290
29120231027:
292	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
293	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
294
29520231018:
296	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
297	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
298
29920231010:
300	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
301	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
302	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
303	dialog(1).
304
305	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
306	from ports:
307
308	pkg install cdialog
309
31020230927:
311	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
312	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
313	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
314
31520230922:
316	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
317	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
318	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
319
32020230914:
321	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
322	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
323
32420230911:
325	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
326	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
327	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
328	for these file moves:
329
330		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
331		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
332		pkg upgrade -y
333
33420230909:
335	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
336	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
337	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
338	corresponding kernel environment variables.
339
34020230901:
341	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
342	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
343
34420230824:
345	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
346
34720230817:
348	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
349	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
350	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
351	configuration.
352
353	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
354	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
355	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
356	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
357	with the serial port at 115200.
358
35920230807:
360	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
361	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
362	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
363	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
364	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
365
36620230803:
367	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
368	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
369
37020230724:
371	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
372	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
373	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
374	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
375	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
376
37720230713:
378	stable/14 branch created.
379
38020230629:
381	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
382	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
383	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
384	file a PR and assign it to imp.
385
38620230623:
387	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
388	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
389	after upgrading.
390
39120230619:
392	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
393	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
394	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
395	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
396
397		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
398		service pf restart
399
400	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
401	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
402
40320230613:
404	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
405	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
406	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
407	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
408	already properly quoted or escaped.
409
41020230612:
411	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
412	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
413	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
414	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
415	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
416	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
417	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
418	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
419
420	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
421	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
422
42320230422:
424	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
425	using git instead.
426
42720230420:
428	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
429	eg.
430		make buildworld-jobs
431	runs
432		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
433
434	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
435
43620230316:
437	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
438	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
439	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
440	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
441	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
442	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
443	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
444	exist anymore.
445
44620230221:
447	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
448	for details.
449
45020230206:
451	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
452	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
453	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
454
45520230204:
456	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
457	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
458
45920230130:
460	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
461	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
462	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
463
46420230126:
465	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
466	system are now built unconditionally.
467
46820230113:
469	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
470	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
471
47220221212:
473	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
474	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
475
476	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
477	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
478	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
479
48020221205:
481	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
482	to reenable sendmail(8):
483
484	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
485
486	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
487
48820221204:
489	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
490	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
491	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
492	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
493	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
494	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
495
496	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
497
49820221122:
499	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
500	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
501	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
502
50320221121:
504	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
505	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
506
50720221026:
508	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
509	for pkgbase users to do:
510
511	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
512	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
513
514	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
515	installed.
516
51720221002:
518	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
519	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
520	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
521	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
522
52320220610:
524	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
525	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
526
52720211230:
528	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
529	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
530	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
531	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
532	reflect this change.
533
53420211214:
535	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
536	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
537
53820211209:
539	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
540	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
541	the coming days and weeks.
542
543	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
544	or touch
545		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
546		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
547		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
548		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
549	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
550
55120211202:
552	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
553	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
554	statement in unbound.conf:
555		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
556
557	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
558
559	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
560	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
561	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
562	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
563	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
564	such names when roaming to different homenets.
565
56620211110:
567	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
568	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
569	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
570	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
571	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
572	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
573	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
574	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
575	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
576	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
577	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
578
57920211118:
580	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
581	tree shortly.
582
58320211106:
584	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
585	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
586	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
587	may need to be modified.
588
58920211022:
590	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
591	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
592	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
593
59420211020:
595	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
596	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
597
598	# chsh -s csh
599
60020211004:
601	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
602	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
603	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
604	this change.
605
60620210923:
607	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
608	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
609	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
610	list of modules to load on their systems.
611
61220210922:
613	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
614	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
615	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
616	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
617
61820210911:
619	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
620	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
621	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
622	being loaded.
623
62420210817:
625	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
626	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
627	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
628	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
629	application-specific configuration option for applications
630	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
631
63220210811:
633	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
634	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
635
63620210730:
637	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
638	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
639	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
640	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
641
64220210729:
643	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
644	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
645	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
646
64720210716:
648	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
649	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
650	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
651
65220210715:
653	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
654	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
655	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
656	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
657	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
658	to update your sources past the above hash and do
659		% cd usr.bin/awk
660		% make clean all
661		% sudo -E make install
662	to enable building kernels again.
663
66420210708:
665	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
666	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
667	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
668
66920210707:
670	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
671	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
672
67320210624:
674	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
675	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
676	for NFSv4 mounts.
677	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
678
67920210618:
680	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
681	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
682	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
683	additions and others.
684
68520210618:
686	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
687	renamed to "untrusted".
688
68920210611:
690	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
691	please install the svn package or port.
692
69320210611:
694	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
695	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
696	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
697
69820210610:
699	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
700
70120210608:
702	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
703	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
704https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
705	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
706	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
707	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
708	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
709
71020210525:
711	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
712	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
713	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
714	detect this.
715
71620210513:
717	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
718	libraries and utilities are packaged.
719	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
720	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
721	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
722	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
723	on the system.
724
72520210426:
726	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
727	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
728	need to be rebuilt from sources.
729	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
730	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
731	is not recommended.
732
73320210411:
734	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
735	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
736	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
737	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
738	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
739	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
740
74120210330:
742	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
743	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
744	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
745	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
746
74720210225:
748	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
749	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
750	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
751
75220210128:
753	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
754	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
755	update.
756
75720210121:
758	stable/13 branch created.
759
76020210108:
761	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
762	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
763	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
764	since it was bumped so recently.
765
76620210107:
767	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
768	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
769	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
770	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
771
77220210105:
773	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
774	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
775	requires a clean build.
776
77720201223:
778	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
779	instructions can be found at
780	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
781	and other documents in that repo.
782
78320201216:
784	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
785	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
786	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
787	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
788
78920201215:
790	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
791	may be installed from ports or packages.
792
79320201124:
794	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
795	See ping(8) for details.
796
79720201108:
798	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
799	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
800	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
801
80220201030:
803	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
804	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
805	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
806	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
807	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
808
80920201026:
810	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
811	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
812	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
813	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
814	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
815	find.
816
81720200923:
818	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
819	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
820	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
821	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
822
823	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
824	command you want to un-auger the tree is
825		cd sys/amd64/conf
826		svn revert -R .
827	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
828	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
829
83020200824:
831	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
832	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
833	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
834	unless you  want to use new features.
835
836	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
837	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
838	rebuilding world may fail.
839
840	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
841	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
842
843	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
844	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
845	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
846	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
847
84820200824:
849	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
850	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
851	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
852	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
853
85420200821:
855	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
856	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
857	sources.
858
85920200817:
860	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
861	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
862
86320200816:
864	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
865	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
866	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
867	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
868
86920200810:
870	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
871	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
872	from sources, so a version bump was done.
873
87420200807:
875	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
876	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
877	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
878	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
879
88020200729:
881	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
882	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
883	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
884	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
885	continue to function.
886
887	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
888	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
889	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
890	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
891
89220200627:
893	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
894	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
895	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
896	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
897	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
898	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
899	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
900
90120200625:
902	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
903	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
904
90520200613:
906	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
907	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
908	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
909
91020200604:
911	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
912	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
913	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
914	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
915
916	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
917	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
918	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
919	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
920	/root/.shrc.
921
92220200523:
923	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
924	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
925	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
926	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
927
92820200512:
929	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
930	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
931
93220200424:
933	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
934	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
935	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
936	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
937	be functional without closefrom(2).
938
93920200414:
940	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
941	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
942	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
943	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
944	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
945	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
946
94720200310:
948	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
949	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
950	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
951	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
952
95320200309:
954	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
955	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
956	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
957
95820200301:
959	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
960
96120200229:
962	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
963	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
964	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
965
96620200229:
967	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
968	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
969
97020200229:
971	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
972	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
973	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
974	ports or packages.
975
97620200220:
977	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
978	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
979	ncurses.
980
98120200217:
982	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
983	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
984	together with their new kernel.
985
98620200212:
987	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
988	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
989	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
990
991	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
992	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
993
99420200108:
995	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
996	linker for riscv64.
997
99820200107:
999	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
1000	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
1001	external toolchain package.
1002
100320200104:
1004	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
1005	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
1006	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
1007	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
1008	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
1009
101020200102:
1011	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
1012	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
1013	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
1014	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
1015
101620191226:
1017	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
1018	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
1019	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
1020	ABI.
1021
102220191226:
1023	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
1024
102520191222:
1026	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1027	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1028	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1029	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1030
103120191212:
1032	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
1033	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
1034	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
1035
103620191205:
1037	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
1038	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
1039	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
1040	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
1041	differences between those included in the port and those included in
1042	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
1043	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
1044	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
1045
104620191120:
1047	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
1048	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
1049	for automounting.
1050
105120191107:
1052	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
1053	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
1054	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
1055	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
1056	add superio to the set.
1057
105820191021:
1059	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
1060	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
1061
106220191021:
1063	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
1064	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
1065	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
1066	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
1067	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
1068	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
1069	completely in the future.
1070
107120191009:
1072	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
1073	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
1074	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
1075	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
1076	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
1077	will be removed from the list.
1078
107920191009:
1080	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1081	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1082	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1083	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1084
108520191003:
1086	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
1087	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
1088	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
1089	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
1090
109120190913:
1092	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
1093	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
1094	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
1095	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
1096
109720190823:
1098	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
1099	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
1100	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
1101
110220190727:
1103	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
1104	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
1105	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
1106	your scripts, because they had no effect.
1107
1108	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
1109	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
1110	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
1111	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
1112	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
1113
111420190713:
1115	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
1116	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
1117	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
1118	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
1119	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
1120	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
1121	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
1122
112320190620:
1124	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
1125	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
1126	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
1127	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
1128
112920190612:
1130	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1131	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1132	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1133	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1134
113520190608:
1136	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
1137	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
1138	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
1139
114020190513:
1141	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
1142	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
1143	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1144	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1145	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1146	avoid running into the limit.
1147
114820190507:
1149	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1150	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1151
115220190507:
1153	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1154	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1155	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1156	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1157	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1158	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1159
116020190418:
1161	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1162	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1163	entropy:
1164
1165	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1166	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1167	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1168	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1169	availability properties.
1170
1171	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1172	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1173	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1174	initial condition, if desired.
1175
1176	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1177	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1178
1179	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1180	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1181	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1182	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1183
118420190416:
1185	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1186	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1187	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1188	therefore unblocked).
1189
119020190404:
1191	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1192	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1193	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1194	is added to the command line.
1195	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1196	not affected and should continue to work.
1197
119820190320:
1199	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1200	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1201	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1202	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1203
120420190304:
1205	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1206	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1207	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1208	or higher.
1209
121020190226:
1211	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1212	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1213	kernel config.
1214
121520190219:
1216	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1217	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1218	migrating to the drm ports.
1219
122020190131:
1221	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1222	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1223	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1224	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1225	is loaded automatically.
1226
122720190125:
1228	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1229	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1230	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1231	kernel config files.
1232
123320181230:
1234	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1235	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1236	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1237	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1238
123920181220:
1240	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1241	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1242	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1243	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1244	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1245	most NFSv4 mounts.
1246
124720181219:
1248	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1249	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1250	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1251
1252	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1253	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1254
1255	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1256	removed from the mips port.
1257
125820181211:
1259	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1260	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1261	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1262	or higher.
1263
126420181211:
1265	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1266	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1267
126820181126:
1269	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1270	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1271	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1272	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1273
127420181123:
1275	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1276	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1277	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1278
127920181115:
1280	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1281	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1282	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1283	FreeBSD versions.
1284
128520181110:
1286	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1287	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1288	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1289
1290	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1291	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1292	being included using the command:
1293		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1294
129520181019:
1296	Stable/12 was branched created.
1297
129820181015:
1299	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1300	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1301	drm-legacy-kmod.
1302
1303	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1304	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1305	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1306	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1307	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1308	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1309	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1310	that as you will get better support.
1311
1312	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1313	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1314	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1315	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1316
1317	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1318	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1319	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1320	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1321	shortly.
1322
132320181012:
1324	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1325	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1326	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1327	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1328	be adjusted as necessary.
1329
133020181009:
1331	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1332	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1333	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1334	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1335
133620181006:
1337	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1338	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1339	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1340	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1341	encouraged.
1342
134320181002:
1344	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1345	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1346	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1347	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1348	nda device name.
1349
135020180913:
1351	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1352	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1353	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1354	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1355	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1356	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1357
135820180826:
1359	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1360	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1361	default since FreeBSD-11.
1362
136320180822:
1364	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1365	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1366	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1367
136820180818:
1369	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1370	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1371	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1372	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1373	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1374	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1375	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1376
1377	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1378	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1379
138020180815:
1381	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1382	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1383	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1384	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1385	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1386	may not be observed in a future release.
1387
138820180808:
1389	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1390	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1391	your environment.
1392
139320180731:
1394	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1395	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1396	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1397	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1398
139920180730:
1400	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1401	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1402	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1403	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1404	runtime services.
1405
140620180727:
1407	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1408	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1409	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1410
141120180723:
1412	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1413	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1414	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1415	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1416	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1417
141820180720:
1419	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1420	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1421	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1422	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1423	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1424	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1425
142620180719:
1427	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1428	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1429	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1430	boot_serial=YES
1431	boot_multicons=YES
1432	in /boot/loader.conf
1433	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1434	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1435	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1436
143720180719:
1438	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1439	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1440	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1441	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1442	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1443	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1444	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1445	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1446	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1447	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1448	by the ntpd user.
1449
145020180717:
1451	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1452
145320180711:
1454	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1455	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1456	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1457	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1458	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1459
146020180705:
1461	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1462	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1463	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1464	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1465	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1466	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1467
146820180702:
1469	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1470	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1471
147220180701:
1473	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1474	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1475	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1476	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1477	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1478	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1479	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1480
148120180630:
1482	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1483	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1484	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1485	or higher.
1486
148720180628:
1488	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1489	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1490	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1491	file.
1492
149320180612:
1494	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1495	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1496
149720180530:
1498	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1499	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1500	longer necessary.
1501
150220180530:
1503	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1504	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1505	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1506	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1507
150820180523:
1509	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1510	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1511	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1512	later than r334108.
1513
151420180517:
1515	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1516	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1517	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1518	it must be removed.
1519
152020180510:
1521	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1522	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1523	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1524	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1525	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1526	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1527	will go away.
1528
1529	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1530	workaround is necessary.
1531
153220180508:
1533	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1534	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1535	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1536	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1537
153820180504:
1539	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1540	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1541	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1542	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1543	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1544
154520180502:
1546	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1547	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1548	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1549	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1550
155120180501:
1552	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1553	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1554	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1555	be removed.
1556
155720180413:
1558	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1559	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1560	removed.
1561
156220180411:
1563	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1564	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1565	removed.
1566
156720180406:
1568	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1569	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1570	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1571	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1572	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1573
1574	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1575	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1576	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1577	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1578	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1579	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1580	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1581
1582	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1583	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1584
1585		source src {
1586			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1587		}
1588
1589	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1590	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1591	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1592
1593		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1594
1595	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1596	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1597	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1598	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1599	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1600	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1601	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1602
1603	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1604	change.
1605
160620180328:
1607	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1608	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1609	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1610
161120180323:
1612	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1613	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1614	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1615	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1616	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1617	should be as simple as:
1618
1619		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1620		$ make depend all install
1621
162220180212:
1623	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1624	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1625	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1626	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1627	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1628	provisions for backup boot methods.
1629
163020180211:
1631	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1632	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1633	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1634	imp@freebsd.org.
1635
163620180114:
1637	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1638	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1639	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1640	or higher.
1641
164220180110:
1643	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1644	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1645	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1646
1647	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1648	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1649
165020180110:
1651	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1652	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1653	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1654	remove it from kernel config files.
1655
165620180104:
1657	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1658	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1659	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1660
1661	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1662	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1663
166420180102:
1665	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1666	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1667	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1668	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1669
167020171215:
1671	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1672	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1673
167420171214:
1675	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1676	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1677	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1678	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1679
168020171125:
1681	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1682	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1683	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1684	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1685	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1686	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1687
168820171110:
1689	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1690	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1691	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1692
169320171106:
1694	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1695	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1696	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1697	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1698	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1699
170020171102:
1701	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1702	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1703	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1704	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1705	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1706	environment.
1707
170820171101:
1709	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1710	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1711	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1712	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1713	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1714	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1715	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1716	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1717	than hardcoding paths.
1718
171920171028:
1720	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1721	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1722	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1723
172420171021:
1725	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1726	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1727	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1728	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1729
173020171010:
1731	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1732	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1733
173420171005:
1735	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1736	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1737	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1738	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1739
174020171003:
1741	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1742	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1743	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1744	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1745	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1746
174720170912:
1748	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1749	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1750	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1751	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1752	/etc/ctl.conf .
1753
175420170912:
1755	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1756	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1757	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1758	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1759	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1760
176120170826:
1762	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1763	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1764
176520170825:
1766	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1767	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1768	to complete.
1769
177020170814:
1771	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1772	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1773	${TESTSDIR}.
1774
1775	Behavioral changes:
1776	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1777	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1778	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1779	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1780
1781	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1782	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1783	sandbox if successful.
1784
1785	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1786	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1787	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1788	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1789	an unprivileged user.
1790
179120170808:
1792	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1793	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1794	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1795	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1796	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1797	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1798	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1799	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1800	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1801	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1802	to which you should answer yes.
1803
180420170728:
1805	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1806	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1807	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1808	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1809	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1810
181120170722:
1812	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1813	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1814	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1815
181620170701:
1817	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1818	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1819
182020170625:
1821	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1822	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1823	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1824	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1825	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1826	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1827	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1828
182920170623:
1830	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1831	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1832	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1833	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1834	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1835	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1836
183720170620:
1838	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1839	if you require the GPL compiler.
1840
184120170619:
1842	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1843	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1844	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1845	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1846	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1847	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1848
184920170618:
1850	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1851	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1852	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1853
185420170617:
1855	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1856	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1857	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1858	followed.
1859
186020170531:
1861	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1862	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1863	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1864	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1865	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1866	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1867
186820170524:
1869	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1870	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1871	which only require one chipset support.
1872
1873	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1874
1875	if_ath_load="YES"
1876
1877	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1878	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1879	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1880
1881	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1882	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1883
1884	* load ath_hal
1885	* load the chip modules in question
1886	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1887	* load ath_main
1888	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1889	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1890
1891	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1892
189320170523:
1894	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1895	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1896	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1897
1898	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1899	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1900	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1901
1902	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1903	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1904	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1905	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1906	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1907	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1908	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1909	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1910
191120170424:
1912	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1913	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1914	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1915
191620170420:
1917	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1918	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1919	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1920
192120170413:
1922	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1923	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1924	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1925	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1926	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1927	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1928	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1929
193020170407:
1931	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1932	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1933	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1934	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1935
193620170405:
1937	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1938	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1939	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1940
194120170331:
1942	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1943	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1944	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1945
194620170329:
1947	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1948	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1949
1950	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1951	via one of the following methods:
1952	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1953	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1954	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1955	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1956
1957	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1958
195920170316:
1960	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1961	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1962	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1963	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1964	with mmc.ko).
1965
196620170315:
1967	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1968	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1969	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1970	be prefixed with colon.
1971
197220170311:
1973	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1974	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1975	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1976
197720170302:
1978	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1979	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1980	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1981
198220170221:
1983	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1984	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1985	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1986	change.
1987
198820170216:
1989	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1990	valid.
1991
199220170215:
1993	MCA bus support has been removed.
1994
199520170127:
1996	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1997	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1998
199920170112:
2000	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
2001	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
2002
200320170109:
2004	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
2005	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
2006	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
2007	configuration.
2008
200920161217:
2010	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
2011	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2012	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2013
201420161124:
2015	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
2016	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2017	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2018
201920161119:
2020	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
2021	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
2022	that link against it need to be recompiled.
2023
202420161030:
2025	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
2026	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
2027	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
2028	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
2029
203020161017:
2031	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
2032	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
2033	parts.
2034	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
2035	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
2036
203720161015:
2038	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
2039	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2040	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
2041	removed from base.
2042
204320161008:
2044	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
2045	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
2046	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
2047
204820161003:
2049	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
2050	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
2051
205220160924:
2053	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
2054	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
2055	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
2056	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
2057
205820160918:
2059	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
2060	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
2061	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
2062	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2063	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
2064
206520160918:
2066	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
2067
206820160908:
2069	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
2070	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
2071	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
2072	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
2073
207420160824:
2075	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
2076	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
2077	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
2078	to 1200005.
2079
208020160818:
2081	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
2082	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
2083	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
2084	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
2085	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
2086	0.
2087
208820160818:
2089	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
2090	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
2091
209220160708:
2093	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
2094
2095After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
2096from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
2097entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
2098UPDATING file.
2099
2100COMMON ITEMS:
2101
2102	General Notes
2103	-------------
2104	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2105	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2106	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2107	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2108	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2109	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2110	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2111	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2112
2113	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2114	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2115	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2116	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2117	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2118	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2119	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2120	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2121	an exception.
2122
2123	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2124	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2125	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2126	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2127	step.
2128
2129	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2130	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2131	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2132	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2133
2134	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2135	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2136	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2137	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2138	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2139	should write them with this in mind.
2140
2141	ZFS notes
2142	---------
2143	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2144	always follow these three steps:
2145
2146	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2147	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2148
2149	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2150	doing a zpool upgrade):
2151
2152	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2153	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2154		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2155	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2156
2157	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2158	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2159	zpool upgrade.
2160
2161	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2162
2163	EFI notes
2164	---------
2165
2166	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2167	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2168	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2169	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2170	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2171	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2172	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2173	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2174
2175	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2176	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2177	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2178	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2179
2180	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2181	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2182	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2183	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2184
2185	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2186
2187	To build a kernel
2188	-----------------
2189	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2190	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2191	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2192
2193	make kernel-toolchain
2194	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2195	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2196
2197	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2198
2199	To test a kernel once
2200	---------------------
2201	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2202	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2203	debugging information) run
2204	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2205	nextboot -k testkernel
2206
2207	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2208	-----------------------------------------------------------
2209	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2210	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2211
2212	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2213	make buildworld
2214	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2215	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2216	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2217	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2218	etcupdate -p					[5]
2219	make installworld
2220	etcupdate -B					[4]
2221	make delete-old					[6]
2222	<reboot>
2223
2224	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2225	--------------------------------------------------
2226	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2227	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2228	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2229	# size.
2230
2231	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2232	<boot into -stable>
2233	make buildworld
2234	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2235	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2236	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2237	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2238	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2239	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2240	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2241	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2242	<reboot into current>
2243	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2244	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2245	<reboot>
2246
2247
2248	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2249	----------------------------------------------
2250	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2251	make buildworld					[9]
2252	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2253	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2254	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2255	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2256	etcupdate -p					[5]
2257	make installworld
2258	etcupdate -B					[4]
2259	make delete-old					[6]
2260	<reboot>
2261
2262	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2263	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2264	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2265	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2266	the UPDATING entries.
2267
2268	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2269	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2270	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2271	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2272	much fewer pitfalls.
2273
2274FOOTNOTES:
2275
2276	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2277	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2278	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2279	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2280	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2281	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2282	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2283	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2284	and effective, eg:
2285	     PORTS_MODULES+=graphics/drm-kmod graphics/nvidia-drm-kmod
2286
2287	[2] To make complete dumps on zfs(4), use bectl(8), which
2288	creates bootable snapshots of configurable depth that are
2289	selectable via the bootloader. For ufs(4), use dump(8) and
2290	restore(8).
2291
2292	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2293		fsck -p
2294		mount -u /
2295		mount -a
2296		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2297		cd src			# full path to source
2298		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2299	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2300	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2301
2302	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2303	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2304	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2305	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2306	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2307	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2308
2309	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2310	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2311	step.
2312
2313	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2314	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2315	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2316
2317	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2318	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2319	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2320	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2321	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2322	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2323	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2324	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2325
2326	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2327	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2328	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2329	for these as well.
2330
2331	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2332	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2333	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2334
2335	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2336	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2337	warn if it is improperly defined.
2338FORMAT:
2339
2340This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2341breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2342list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2343If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2344to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2345
2346Copyright information:
2347
2348Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2349
2350Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2351modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2352document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2353
2354THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2355IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2356WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2357DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2358INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2359(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2360SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2361HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2362STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2363IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2364POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2365
2366Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2367this document.
2368