1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT. 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages 13and/or ports. 14 15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW: 16 FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc 26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild 27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality 28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".) 29 3020250515: 31 Commit 772258c89f28 changed the internal API between the nfscommon 32 and nfscl modules. Both need to be built from updated sources. 33 3420250513: 35 The bridge(4) sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs now defaults to 0, 36 meaning that interfaces added to a bridge may not have IP addresses 37 assigned. Refer to bridge(4) for more information. 38 3920250507: 40 UMASS quirks and auto-quirk probing has been overhauled. CAM now won't 41 send SYNCHRONIZE CACHE unless MODE PAGE 8 is present and valid. This 42 should allow more devices to work (since the auto quirk code was updated 43 in 14 and broke several e-readers and the like). Please send imp@freebsd.org 44 any regression reports. 45 4620250504: 47 Commit 9419e086e1a3 changed the internal API between the nfscommon 48 and nfscl modules. Both need to be built from updated sources. 49 5020250412: 51 LinuxKPI alloc routines were changed to return physically contiguous 52 memory where expected. These changes may require out-of-tree drivers 53 to be recompiled. 54 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500037 to be able to detect this change. 55 5620250409: 57 Intel iwlwifi firmware has been removed from the src repository. 58 Before updating their system, users of iwlwifi(4) or iwx(4) must 59 install the appropriate firmware for their chipset using fwget(8) or 60 building it from ports. 61 6220250314: 63 We now use LLVM's binary utilities (nm, objcopy, etc.) by default. 64 The WITHOUT_LLVM_BINUTILS src.conf(5) knob can be used to revert to 65 ELF Tool Chain tools if desired. 66 6720250303: 68 Commit 4a77657cbc01 changed the ABI between ipfw(8) and ipfw(4). 69 Please note that the old ipfw(8) binary will not work with the new 70 ipfw(4) module. Therefore, it is recommended to disable ipfw during 71 the upgrade, otherwise the host system may become inaccessible because 72 ipfw rules cannot be installed with the old binary. 73 7420250214: 75 Commit 4517fbfd4251 modified the internal API between the 76 nfscommon and nfscl modules. As such, both of these modules 77 need to be rebuilt from sources. 78 7920250201: 80 The NFS related daemons, that provide RPC services to the kernel: 81 gssd(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.tlsservd(8) and rpc.tlsclntd(8), now use a 82 different transport - netlink(4) socket instead of unix(4). Users of 83 NFS need to upgrade both kernel and world (binaries and libc) at once. 84 Also, any revision between 88cd1e17a7d8 and 99e5a70046da should be 85 avoided. 86 8720250129: 88 Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to 89 February 7, 2106. This affects only UFS1 format filesystems. 90 See commit message 1111a44301da for details. 91 9220250127: 93 The Allwinner a10_timer driver has been renamed to aw_driver. If you 94 have a custom kernel configuration including the line 'device 95 a10_timer', it must be adjusted to 'device aw_timer'. The same applies 96 for device exclusions with 'nodevice'. 97 9820250106: 99 A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration 100 targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for 101 this SoC familly will be selected. 102 Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC. 103 10420241223: 105 The layout of NFS file handles for the tarfs, tmpfs, cd9660, and ext2fs 106 file systems has changed. An NFS server that exports any of these file 107 systems will need its clients to unmount and remount the exports. 108 10920241216: 110 The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead 111 shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need 112 to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package. 113 11420241124: 115 The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC 116 option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version 117 imported more than 4 years ago have been removed. 118 11920241107: 120 The ng_ubt(4) driver now requires firmwares to be loaded on Realtek 121 adaptors with rtlbtfw(8) utility. It no longer attaches to devices 122 standing in bootloader mode. Firmware files are available in the 123 comms/rtlbt-firmware port. 124 12520241025: 126 The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from 127 rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are 128 advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts 129 do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across 130 all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown. 131 13220241013: 133 The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that 134 caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached 135 to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing 136 and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions. 137 13820240729: 139 The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean 140 is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel. The 141 WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous 142 behaviour. 143 144 If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the 145 freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be 146 added, if necessary. 147 14820240715: 149 We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional 150 devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring 151 instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc 152 have been removed. Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like: 153 uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15. 154 to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa 155 in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards 156 are known to be affected, but there may be others. 157 15820240712: 159 Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed. 160 16120240617: 162 ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error. 163 Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the 164 ifconfig command line and in rc.conf. 165 16620240428: 167 OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new 168 package FreeBSD-audit. If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you 169 should install FreeBSD-audit. 170 17120240424: 172 cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their 173 own packages. If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant 174 packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp. 175 17620240406: 177 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 178 been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old` 179 as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++ 180 headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation 181 errors in C++ programs. 182 18320240205: 184 For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from 185 libsys rather than libc. No change in linkage is required as 186 libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc. People building custom 187 images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included. 188 18920240202: 190 Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files. 191 Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was 192 moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only 193 loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default. 194 195 The following sequencing is applied: 196 197 1. Bootstrap: 198 /boot/defaults/loader.conf 199 200 2. Read loader_conf_files files: 201 /boot/device.hints 202 /boot/loader.conf 203 204 3. Read loader_conf_dirs files: 205 /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf 206 207 4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files: 208 /boot/loader.conf.local 209 21020240201: 211 sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged. This version enforces 212 stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line 213 endings. This may cause issues with receiving messages from 214 non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in 215 contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations. 216 21720240111: 218 Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between 219 the nfscommon and nfscl modules. As such, both need to be 220 rebuilt from sources. Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was 221 bumped to 1500010. 222 22320231120: 224 If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your 225 loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point. Detection of ACPI 226 was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old 227 binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can 228 undisable ACPI by doing 229 OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled 230 This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the 231 small window where amd64 was also broken. 232 23320231113: 234 The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed. When LLD is enabled 235 it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld. 236 23720231027: 238 Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the 239 "ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago. 240 24120231018: 242 Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the 243 nfscommon and nfscl modules. Both must be rebuilt from sources. 244 24520231010: 246 dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the 247 time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the 248 box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for 249 dialog(1). 250 251 If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog 252 from ports: 253 254 pkg install cdialog 255 25620230927: 257 The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86. The option 258 has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in 259 custom kernel configurations without any additional change. 260 26120230922: 262 A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default 263 behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required 264 recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP. 265 26620230914: 267 Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by 268 default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf. 269 27020230911: 271 Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang 272 internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems 273 installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow 274 for these file moves: 275 276 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities 277 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev 278 pkg upgrade -y 279 28020230909: 281 Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which 282 belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module 283 loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are 284 corresponding kernel environment variables. 285 28620230901: 287 The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have 288 been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively. 289 29020230824: 291 FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT. 292 29320230817: 294 Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has 295 been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry 296 practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection 297 configuration. 298 299 Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not 300 support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may 301 set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot 302 components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start 303 with the serial port at 115200. 304 30520230807: 306 Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus- 307 frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is 308 integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's 309 no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or 310 "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration. 311 31220230803: 313 MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config. 314 Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt. 315 31620230724: 317 CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g 318 to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional 319 BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems 320 for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of 321 the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces. 322 32320230713: 324 stable/14 branch created. 325 32620230629: 327 The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires 328 atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional 329 change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please 330 file a PR and assign it to imp. 331 33220230623: 333 OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout 334 the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software 335 after upgrading. 336 33720230619: 338 To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf 339 filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered 340 locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets 341 delivered to lo0. To enable this feature: 342 343 sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1 344 service pf restart 345 346 When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not 347 filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule. 348 34920230613: 350 Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now 351 follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+ 352 authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single 353 quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't 354 already properly quoted or escaped. 355 35620230612: 357 Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda. 358 nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a 359 nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1 360 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel 361 config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add 362 kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on 363 all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back, 364 please email imp@freebsd.org about why. 365 366 Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you 367 migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd. 368 36920230422: 370 Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree 371 using git instead. 372 37320230420: 374 Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging 375 eg. 376 make buildworld-jobs 377 runs 378 make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1 379 380 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env. 381 38220230316: 383 Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed. 384 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on 385 IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and 386 "device imx6_ipu" to it. 387 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on 388 TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it. 389 If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't 390 exist anymore. 391 39220230221: 393 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4) 394 for details. 395 39620230206: 397 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream. 398 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add 399 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config. 400 40120230204: 402 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default 403 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4). 404 40520230130: 406 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added 407 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need 408 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel. 409 41020230126: 411 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base 412 system are now built unconditionally. 413 41420230113: 415 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled. 416 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change. 417 41820221212: 419 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was 420 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used. 421 422 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to 423 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU 424 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package. 425 42620221205: 427 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing 428 to reenable sendmail(8): 429 430 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf 431 432 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf. 433 43420221204: 435 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by 436 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach 437 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying 438 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one 439 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set 440 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false). 441 442 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues 443 44420221122: 445 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'. 446 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as 447 'scrub fragment reassemble'. 448 44920221121: 450 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled 451 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp). 452 45320221026: 454 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended 455 for pkgbase users to do: 456 457 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \ 458 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch 459 460 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously 461 installed. 462 46320221002: 464 OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can 465 be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie). 466 Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference 467 pam_opie or pam_opieaccess. 468 46920220610: 470 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version 471 before re-compiling to avoid errors. 472 47320211230: 474 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND) 475 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1. 476 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to 477 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to 478 reflect this change. 479 48020211214: 481 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by 482 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this. 483 48420211209: 485 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of 486 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in 487 the coming days and weeks. 488 489 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build 490 or touch 491 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def 492 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def 493 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def 494 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def 495 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to. 496 49720211202: 498 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is 499 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault 500 statement in unbound.conf: 501 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault 502 503 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice. 504 505 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375: 506 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured 507 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way 508 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer 509 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with 510 such names when roaming to different homenets. 511 51220211110: 513 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so 514 that any of the included congestion control modules could be 515 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno 516 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of 517 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion 518 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a 519 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\"). 520 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno 521 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the 522 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will 523 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail. 524 52520211118: 526 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the 527 tree shortly. 528 52920211106: 530 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE. 531 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out 532 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE 533 may need to be modified. 534 53520211022: 536 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed. 537 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4) 538 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option. 539 54020211020: 541 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use 542 the csh shell, please run the following command as root: 543 544 # chsh -s csh 545 54620211004: 547 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses 548 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link 549 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect 550 this change. 551 55220210923: 553 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the 554 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such 555 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the 556 list of modules to load on their systems. 557 55820210922: 559 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly 560 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more 561 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports: 562 audio/freebsd-13-mixer 563 56420210911: 565 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has 566 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built 567 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when 568 being loaded. 569 57020210817: 571 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS 572 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL 573 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom 574 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an 575 application-specific configuration option for applications 576 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3). 577 57820210811: 579 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS 580 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources. 581 58220210730: 583 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl. 584 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean 585 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel 586 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32. 587 58820210729: 589 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer 590 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the 591 MTU on all member interfaces instead. 592 59320210716: 594 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon 595 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources. 596 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change. 597 59820210715: 599 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has 600 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you 601 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new 602 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset 603 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is 604 to update your sources past the above hash and do 605 % cd usr.bin/awk 606 % make clean all 607 % sudo -E make install 608 to enable building kernels again. 609 61020210708: 611 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS 612 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not 613 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently. 614 61520210707: 616 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215. 617 This contains a number of minor bug fixes. 618 61920210624: 620 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4 621 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0, 622 for NFSv4 mounts. 623 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default. 624 62520210618: 626 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes. 627 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies 628 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI 629 additions and others. 630 63120210618: 632 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been 633 renamed to "untrusted". 634 63520210611: 636 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason 637 please install the svn package or port. 638 63920210611: 640 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc 641 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from 642 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022. 643 64420210610: 645 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD. 646 64720210608: 648 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to 649 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see 650https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html 651 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The 652 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally: 653 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs 654 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd'). 655 65620210525: 657 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI 658 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where 659 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to 660 detect this. 661 66220210513: 663 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL 664 libraries and utilities are packaged. 665 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do: 666 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl 667 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met 668 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore 669 on the system. 670 67120210426: 672 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between 673 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules 674 need to be rebuilt from sources. 675 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling 676 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero 677 is not recommended. 678 67920210411: 680 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between 681 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and 682 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources. 683 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not 684 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid 685 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs. 686 68720210330: 688 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it 689 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661. 690 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects" 691 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts. 692 69320210225: 694 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position 695 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be 696 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required. 697 69820210128: 699 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM. 700 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003 701 update. 702 70320210121: 704 stable/13 branch created. 705 70620210108: 707 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of 708 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only 709 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this 710 since it was bumped so recently. 711 71220210107: 713 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB 714 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of 715 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should 716 be updated with adding of "device hid" line. 717 71820210105: 719 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar 720 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it 721 requires a clean build. 722 72320201223: 724 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary 725 instructions can be found at 726 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md 727 and other documents in that repo. 728 72920201216: 730 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic 731 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough 732 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to 733 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154. 734 73520201215: 736 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb) 737 may be installed from ports or packages. 738 73920201124: 740 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6". 741 See ping(8) for details. 742 74320201108: 744 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0. 745 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all 746 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1. 747 74820201030: 749 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been 750 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else, 751 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements. 752 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line 753 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files. 754 75520201026: 756 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd, 757 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the 758 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After 759 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full 760 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't 761 find. 762 76320200923: 764 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES 765 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases. 766 find sys -name LINT\* -delete 767 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files. 768 769 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn 770 command you want to un-auger the tree is 771 cd sys/amd64/conf 772 svn revert -R . 773 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64' 774 above with where the error message indicates a conflict. 775 77620200824: 777 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until 778 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against 779 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent 780 unless you want to use new features. 781 782 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many 783 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without 784 rebuilding world may fail. 785 786 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS 787 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot. 788 789 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module 790 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by 791 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until 792 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files. 793 79420200824: 795 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system 796 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with 797 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but 798 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0. 799 80020200821: 801 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the 802 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from 803 sources. 804 80520200817: 806 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules. 807 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources. 808 80920200816: 810 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 811 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 812 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 813 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 814 81520200810: 816 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS 817 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt 818 from sources, so a version bump was done. 819 82020200807: 821 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in 822 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links 823 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries 824 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process. 825 82620200729: 827 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably, 828 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be 829 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in 830 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to 831 continue to function. 832 833 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error 834 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that 835 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether 836 successful or not) and run installworld once more. 837 83820200627: 839 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This 840 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc 841 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions, 842 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs 843 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further 844 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the 845 world with the previous versions of bc and dc. 846 84720200625: 848 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules. 849 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources. 850 85120200613: 852 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any 853 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt. 854 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt. 855 85620200604: 857 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may 858 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the 859 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if 860 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1. 861 862 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if 863 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and 864 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example 865 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and 866 /root/.shrc. 867 86820200523: 869 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 870 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 871 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 872 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 873 87420200512: 875 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system. 876 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions. 877 87820200424: 879 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a 880 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration, 881 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as 882 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not 883 be functional without closefrom(2). 884 88520200414: 886 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID 887 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present. 888 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and 889 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to 890 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to 891 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition. 892 89320200310: 894 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 895 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 896 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 897 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 898 89920200309: 900 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree. 901 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting. 902 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port. 903 90420200301: 905 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree. 906 90720200229: 908 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree 909 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and 910 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port. 911 91220200229: 913 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind 914 is used by all supported CPU architectures. 915 91620200229: 917 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC, 918 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available. 919 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain 920 ports or packages. 921 92220200220: 923 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI 924 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to 925 ncurses. 926 92720200217: 928 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed. 929 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE 930 together with their new kernel. 931 93220200212: 933 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB, 934 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update 935 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required. 936 937 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should 938 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no. 939 94020200108: 941 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default 942 linker for riscv64. 943 94420200107: 945 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures. 946 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an 947 external toolchain package. 948 94920200104: 950 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1 951 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX 952 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a 953 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options. 954 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31. 955 95620200102: 957 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The 958 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid. 959 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default 960 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7. 961 96220191226: 963 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures. 964 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64 965 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing 966 ABI. 967 96820191226: 969 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable. 970 97120191222: 972 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 973 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 974 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 975 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 976 97720191212: 978 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the 979 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded 980 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this. 981 98220191205: 983 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been 984 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8) 985 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package 986 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be 987 differences between those included in the port and those included in 988 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update 989 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the 990 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port. 991 99220191120: 993 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be 994 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available 995 for automounting. 996 99720191107: 998 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus. 999 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then 1000 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers 1001 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should 1002 add superio to the set. 1003 100420191021: 1005 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed. 1006 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel. 1007 100820191021: 1009 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of 1010 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by 1011 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open 1012 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of 1013 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not 1014 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed 1015 completely in the future. 1016 101720191009: 1018 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of 1019 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If 1020 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for 1021 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe 1022 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they 1023 will be removed from the list. 1024 102520191009: 1026 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 1027 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 1028 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 1029 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1030 103120191003: 1032 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from 1033 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding 1034 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES", 1035 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively. 1036 103720190913: 1038 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them 1039 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore 1040 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32" 1041 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory. 1042 104320190823: 1044 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency 1045 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your 1046 scripts. See ping6(8) for details. 1047 104820190727: 1049 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls 1050 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have 1051 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from 1052 your scripts, because they had no effect. 1053 1054 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize, 1055 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable, 1056 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate 1057 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to 1058 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why. 1059 106020190713: 1061 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it 1062 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640 1063 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be 1064 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by 1065 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the 1066 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing 1067 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700. 1068 106920190620: 1070 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional 1071 components. The "device random" option has been removed. 1072 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable 1073 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko). 1074 107520190612: 1076 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 1077 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 1078 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 1079 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1080 108120190608: 1082 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with 1083 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules 1084 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load. 1085 108620190513: 1087 User-wired pages now have their own counter, 1088 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed 1089 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned 1090 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user 1091 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to 1092 avoid running into the limit. 1093 109420190507: 1095 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring 1096 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module. 1097 109820190507: 1099 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been 1100 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or 1101 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or 1102 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap 1103 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel 1104 config files to select the tuntap device instead. 1105 110620190418: 1107 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between 1108 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of 1109 entropy: 1110 1111 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set 1112 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to 1113 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded. 1114 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot 1115 availability properties. 1116 1117 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding: 1118 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and 1119 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this 1120 initial condition, if desired. 1121 1122 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding: 1123 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding. 1124 1125 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set 1126 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are 1127 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e., 1128 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met. 1129 113020190416: 1131 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init() 1132 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void) 1133 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and 1134 therefore unblocked). 1135 113620190404: 1137 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon 1138 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and 1139 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock" 1140 is added to the command line. 1141 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are 1142 not affected and should continue to work. 1143 114420190320: 1145 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with 1146 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in 1147 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and 1148 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files. 1149 115020190304: 1151 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 1152 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 1153 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 1154 or higher. 1155 115620190226: 1157 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically 1158 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the 1159 kernel config. 1160 116120190219: 1162 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see 1163 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on 1164 migrating to the drm ports. 1165 116620190131: 1167 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers 1168 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require 1169 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as 1170 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module 1171 is loaded automatically. 1172 117320190125: 1174 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration 1175 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively; 1176 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom 1177 kernel config files. 1178 117920181230: 1180 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add 1181 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously 1182 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now 1183 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'. 1184 118520181220: 1186 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport 1187 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4 1188 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts 1189 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux 1190 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect 1191 most NFSv4 mounts. 1192 119320181219: 1194 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this 1195 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition 1196 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32). 1197 1198 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is 1199 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones. 1200 1201 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been 1202 removed from the mips port. 1203 120420181211: 1205 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 1206 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 1207 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 1208 or higher. 1209 121020181211: 1211 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting 1212 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade. 1213 121420181126: 1215 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld 1216 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as 1217 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing 1218 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package. 1219 122020181123: 1221 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has 1222 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled 1223 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN. 1224 122520181115: 1226 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue) 1227 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from 1228 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported 1229 FreeBSD versions. 1230 123120181110: 1232 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include 1233 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if 1234 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'. 1235 1236 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match 1237 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are 1238 being included using the command: 1239 $ newsyslog -Nrv 1240 124120181019: 1242 Stable/12 was branched created. 1243 124420181015: 1245 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should 1246 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install 1247 drm-legacy-kmod. 1248 1249 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with 1250 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need 1251 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older 1252 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can 1253 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the 1254 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you 1255 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use 1256 that as you will get better support. 1257 1258 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined 1259 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base 1260 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package 1261 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org. 1262 1263 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add 1264 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty 1265 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver 1266 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current 1267 shortly. 1268 126920181012: 1270 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence, 1271 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated 1272 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the 1273 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must 1274 be adjusted as necessary. 1275 127620181009: 1277 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included 1278 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is 1279 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value 1280 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly. 1281 128220181006: 1283 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's 1284 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5). 1285 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5) 1286 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly 1287 encouraged. 1288 128920181002: 1290 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on 1291 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or 1292 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing 1293 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the 1294 nda device name. 1295 129620180913: 1297 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for 1298 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user, 1299 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree 1300 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system. 1301 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf 1302 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD. 1303 130420180826: 1305 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been 1306 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the 1307 default since FreeBSD-11. 1308 130920180822: 1310 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been 1311 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update 1312 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time. 1313 131420180818: 1315 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua. 1316 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default 1317 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set 1318 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in 1319 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between 1320 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default. 1321 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi. 1322 1323 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved 1324 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved. 1325 132620180815: 1327 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other 1328 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both 1329 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may 1330 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your 1331 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR 1332 may not be observed in a future release. 1333 133420180808: 1335 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To 1336 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in 1337 your environment. 1338 133920180731: 1340 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality 1341 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that 1342 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts" 1343 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed. 1344 134520180730: 1346 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default. 1347 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot. 1348 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system 1349 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of 1350 runtime services. 1351 135220180727: 1353 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale 1354 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were 1355 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years. 1356 135720180723: 1358 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the 1359 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the 1360 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel 1361 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent. 1362 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables. 1363 136420180720: 1365 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader. 1366 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your 1367 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a 1368 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition 1369 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old 1370 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks). 1371 137220180719: 1373 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console 1374 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader 1375 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add : 1376 boot_serial=YES 1377 boot_multicons=YES 1378 in /boot/loader.conf 1379 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have 1380 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that 1381 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer. 1382 138320180719: 1384 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster 1385 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on 1386 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before 1387 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom 1388 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd 1389 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or 1390 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations. 1391 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can 1392 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after 1393 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible 1394 by the ntpd user. 1395 139620180717: 1397 Big endian arm support has been removed. 1398 139920180711: 1400 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually 1401 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to 1402 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8) 1403 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify 1404 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment. 1405 140620180705: 1407 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and 1408 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on 1409 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need 1410 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may 1411 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in 1412 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses. 1413 141420180702: 1415 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using 1416 atomics will need to be rebuilt. 1417 141820180701: 1419 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of 1420 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the 1421 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit 1422 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite 1423 only a core file with the highest index in a filename. 1424 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free 1425 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one. 1426 142720180630: 1428 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 1429 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 1430 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 1431 or higher. 1432 143320180628: 1434 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf 1435 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763 1436 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed 1437 file. 1438 143920180612: 1440 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all 1441 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this. 1442 144320180530: 1444 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed 1445 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no 1446 longer necessary. 1447 144820180530: 1449 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll 1450 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding 1451 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will 1452 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch. 1453 145420180523: 1455 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include 1456 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets 1457 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel 1458 later than r334108. 1459 146020180517: 1461 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into 1462 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not 1463 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file 1464 it must be removed. 1465 146620180510: 1467 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a 1468 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default 1469 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However, 1470 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional 1471 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for 1472 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement 1473 will go away. 1474 1475 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no 1476 workaround is necessary. 1477 147820180508: 1479 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g 1480 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and 1481 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device 1482 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed. 1483 148420180504: 1485 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more 1486 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as 1487 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and 1488 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only 1489 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag. 1490 149120180502: 1492 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and 1493 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel 1494 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device 1495 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed. 1496 149720180501: 1498 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface 1499 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous 1500 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must 1501 be removed. 1502 150320180413: 1504 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device 1505 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be 1506 removed. 1507 150820180411: 1509 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device 1510 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be 1511 removed. 1512 151320180406: 1514 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the 1515 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted 1516 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients 1517 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers, 1518 microseconds and time zone offsets. 1519 1520 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to 1521 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging 1522 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no 1523 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are 1524 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system 1525 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration 1526 adjustments, depending on the software used. 1527 1528 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local 1529 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages: 1530 1531 source src { 1532 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol)); 1533 } 1534 1535 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option 1536 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the 1537 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline: 1538 1539 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off") 1540 1541 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local 1542 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to 1543 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems 1544 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these 1545 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the 1546 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are 1547 thus expected to continue to function as before. 1548 1549 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this 1550 change. 1551 155220180328: 1553 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you 1554 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove 1555 it. No device drivers supported token ring. 1556 155720180323: 1558 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog 1559 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously. 1560 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for 1561 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be 1562 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This 1563 should be as simple as: 1564 1565 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs 1566 $ make depend all install 1567 156820180212: 1569 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for 1570 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf. 1571 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a 1572 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been 1573 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make 1574 provisions for backup boot methods. 1575 157620180211: 1577 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically 1578 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers 1579 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and 1580 imp@freebsd.org. 1581 158220180114: 1583 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 1584 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 1585 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 1586 or higher. 1587 158820180110: 1589 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker. 1590 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and 1591 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default. 1592 1593 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set 1594 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes 1595 159620180110: 1597 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded 1598 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was 1599 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to 1600 remove it from kernel config files. 1601 160220180104: 1603 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been 1604 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with 1605 the lacp and loadbalance protocols. 1606 1607 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf: 1608 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1" 1609 161020180102: 1611 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the 1612 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is 1613 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software 1614 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured. 1615 161620171215: 1617 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry. 1618 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always. 1619 162020171214: 1621 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However, 1622 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off 1623 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or 1624 GELI, it might not be a good time to update. 1625 162620171125: 1627 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before 1628 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has 1629 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed 1630 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their 1631 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting. 1632 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue. 1633 163420171110: 1635 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to 1636 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed 1637 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI. 1638 163920171106: 1640 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS 1641 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL 1642 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the 1643 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it. 1644 One known victim is lld prior to r325420. 1645 164620171102: 1647 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object 1648 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if 1649 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary. 1650 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in 1651 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the 1652 environment. 1653 165420171101: 1655 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native 1656 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified 1657 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old 1658 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf, 1659 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building. 1660 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be 1661 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any 1662 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather 1663 than hardcoding paths. 1664 166520171028: 1666 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the 1667 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install 1668 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin. 1669 167020171021: 1671 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT 1672 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined 1673 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will 1674 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system. 1675 167620171010: 1677 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only. 1678 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot. 1679 168020171005: 1681 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now 1682 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system 1683 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add 1684 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build. 1685 168620171003: 1687 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF 1688 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously 1689 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to 1690 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the 1691 desired kernel was never built in the first place. 1692 169320170912: 1694 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will 1695 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel 1696 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who 1697 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in 1698 /etc/ctl.conf . 1699 170020170912: 1701 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point 1702 binaries now always get their shared libraries from 1703 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if 1704 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but 1705 soft-float everything else should be affected. 1706 170720170826: 1708 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous 1709 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options. 1710 171120170825: 1712 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare 1713 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel 1714 to complete. 1715 171620170814: 1717 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to 1718 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from 1719 ${TESTSDIR}. 1720 1721 Behavioral changes: 1722 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified. 1723 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed. 1724 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting 1725 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment. 1726 1727 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute 1728 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the 1729 sandbox if successful. 1730 1731 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as 1732 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time. 1733 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the 1734 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using 1735 an unprivileged user. 1736 173720170808: 1738 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been 1739 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297, 1740 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been 1741 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block. 1742 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later 1743 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem 1744 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block 1745 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in 1746 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it 1747 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS'' 1748 to which you should answer yes. 1749 175020170728: 1751 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services 1752 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in 1753 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable 1754 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the 1755 machine's /etc/rc.conf file. 1756 175720170722: 1758 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0. 1759 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1760 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1761 176220170701: 1763 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the 1764 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system. 1765 176620170625: 1767 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is 1768 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must 1769 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run 1770 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live 1771 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports 1772 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case 1773 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected. 1774 177520170623: 1776 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This 1777 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited 1778 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the 1779 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across 1780 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though 1781 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations. 1782 178320170620: 1784 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC 1785 if you require the GPL compiler. 1786 178720170619: 1788 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This 1789 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited 1790 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the 1791 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across 1792 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though 1793 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations. 1794 179520170618: 1796 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules 1797 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to 1798 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together. 1799 180020170617: 1801 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data 1802 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same 1803 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be 1804 followed. 1805 180620170531: 1807 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages 1808 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff 1809 from ports (and recommends to install it). 1810 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the 1811 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or 1812 via pkg install heirloom-doctools. 1813 181420170524: 1815 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for 1816 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems 1817 which only require one chipset support. 1818 1819 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf: 1820 1821 if_ath_load="YES" 1822 1823 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci. 1824 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after 1825 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support. 1826 1827 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS 1828 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should: 1829 1830 * load ath_hal 1831 * load the chip modules in question 1832 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs 1833 * load ath_main 1834 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular 1835 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done. 1836 1837 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ . 1838 183920170523: 1840 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends 1841 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and 1842 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure. 1843 1844 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the 1845 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the 1846 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world). 1847 1848 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build 1849 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full 1850 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and 1851 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required 1852 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an 1853 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting 1854 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this 1855 upgrade and installworld from single user is required. 1856 185720170424: 1858 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and 1859 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a 1860 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11. 1861 186220170420: 1863 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU 1864 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of 1865 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name. 1866 186720170413: 1868 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when 1869 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with 1870 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state. 1871 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags 1872 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state. 1873 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with 1874 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5). 1875 187620170407: 1877 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default, 1878 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be 1879 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set 1880 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin . 1881 188220170405: 1883 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl 1884 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast 1885 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets. 1886 188720170331: 1888 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now 1889 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail 1890 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail. 1891 189220170329: 1893 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend: 1894 cfiscsi.ko does instead. 1895 1896 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded 1897 via one of the following methods: 1898 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5). 1899 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5). 1900 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support 1901 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5)) 1902 1903 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details. 1904 190520170316: 1906 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko. 1907 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the 1908 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was 1909 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible 1910 with mmc.ko). 1911 191220170315: 1913 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity. 1914 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify 1915 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must 1916 be prefixed with colon. 1917 191820170311: 1919 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been 1920 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version 1921 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware. 1922 192320170302: 1924 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0. 1925 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1926 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1927 192820170221: 1929 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality 1930 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot 1931 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible 1932 change. 1933 193420170216: 1935 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer 1936 valid. 1937 193820170215: 1939 MCA bus support has been removed. 1940 194120170127: 1942 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed 1943 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC. 1944 194520170112: 1946 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that 1947 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications. 1948 194920170109: 1950 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via 1951 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4) 1952 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom 1953 configuration. 1954 195520161217: 1956 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1. 1957 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1958 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1959 196020161124: 1961 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0. 1962 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1963 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1964 196520161119: 1966 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap 1967 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools 1968 that link against it need to be recompiled. 1969 197020161030: 1971 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver, 1972 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware. 1973 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using 1974 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details. 1975 197620161017: 1977 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of 1978 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific 1979 parts. 1980 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name 1981 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B)) 1982 198320161015: 1984 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages: 1985 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 1986 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was 1987 removed from base. 1988 198920161008: 1990 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control 1991 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the 1992 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.) 1993 199420161003: 1995 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired. 1996 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy. 1997 199820160924: 1999 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed 2000 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is 2001 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file 2002 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so. 2003 200420160918: 2005 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built 2006 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf. 2007 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages: 2008 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 2009 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base. 2010 201120160918: 2012 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr. 2013 201420160908: 2015 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into 2016 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and 2017 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original 2018 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior. 2019 202020160824: 2021 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace 2022 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be 2023 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped 2024 to 1200005. 2025 202620160818: 2027 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP 2028 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3 2029 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any 2030 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be 2031 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to 2032 0. 2033 203420160818: 2035 Remove the openbsd_poll system call. 2036 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 2037 203820160708: 2039 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406. 2040 2041After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed 2042from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15, 2043entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's 2044UPDATING file. 2045 2046COMMON ITEMS: 2047 2048 General Notes 2049 ------------- 2050 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 2051 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 2052 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 2053 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 2054 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 2055 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race 2056 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please 2057 report a bug if it happens consistently. 2058 2059 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to 2060 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then 2061 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path, 2062 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this 2063 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since 2064 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from 2065 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the 2066 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's 2067 an exception. 2068 2069 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build 2070 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version. 2071 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one 2072 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each 2073 step. 2074 2075 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before 2076 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell 2077 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your 2078 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. 2079 2080 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes 2081 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted. 2082 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be 2083 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check 2084 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries 2085 should write them with this in mind. 2086 2087 ZFS notes 2088 --------- 2089 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade), 2090 always follow these three steps: 2091 2092 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 2093 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 2094 2095 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when 2096 doing a zpool upgrade): 2097 2098 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot 2099 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0: 2100 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0 2101 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes. 2102 2103 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old 2104 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any 2105 zpool upgrade. 2106 2107 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 2108 2109 EFI notes 2110 --------- 2111 2112 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The 2113 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using 2114 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on 2115 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the 2116 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy 2117 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time 2118 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless 2119 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime. 2120 2121 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones 2122 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different 2123 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the 2124 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem. 2125 2126 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting, 2127 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the 2128 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool 2129 since it does not automatically understand some new features. 2130 2131 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details. 2132 2133 To build a kernel 2134 ----------------- 2135 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 2136 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 2137 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 2138 2139 make kernel-toolchain 2140 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2141 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2142 2143 If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1]. 2144 2145 To test a kernel once 2146 --------------------- 2147 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 2148 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 2149 debugging information) run 2150 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 2151 nextboot -k testkernel 2152 2153 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 2154 ----------------------------------------------------------- 2155 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 2156 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 2157 2158 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> [2] 2159 make buildworld 2160 <make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set> [1] 2161 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2162 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2163 <reboot in single user> [3] 2164 etcupdate -p [5] 2165 make installworld 2166 etcupdate -B [4] 2167 make delete-old [6] 2168 <reboot> 2169 2170 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 2171 -------------------------------------------------- 2172 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 2173 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 2174 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 2175 # size. 2176 2177 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 2178 <boot into -stable> 2179 make buildworld 2180 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [1] 2181 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 2182 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 2183 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC 2184 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 2185 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 2186 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 2187 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 2188 <reboot into current> 2189 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 2190 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 2191 <reboot> 2192 2193 2194 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 2195 ---------------------------------------------- 2196 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> [2] 2197 make buildworld [9] 2198 <make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set> [1] 2199 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 2200 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2201 <reboot in single user> [3] 2202 etcupdate -p [5] 2203 make installworld 2204 etcupdate -B [4] 2205 make delete-old [6] 2206 <reboot> 2207 2208 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 2209 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 2210 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 2211 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 2212 the UPDATING entries. 2213 2214 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 2215 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 2216 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 2217 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 2218 much fewer pitfalls. 2219 2220FOOTNOTES: 2221 2222 [1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you 2223 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on 2224 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in 2225 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you 2226 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for 2227 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this 2228 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding 2229 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic 2230 and effective, eg: 2231 PORTS_MODULES+=graphics/drm-kmod graphics/nvidia-drm-kmod 2232 2233 [2] To make complete dumps on zfs(4), use bectl(8), which 2234 creates bootable snapshots of configurable depth that are 2235 selectable via the bootloader. For ufs(4), use dump(8) and 2236 restore(8). 2237 2238 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 2239 fsck -p 2240 mount -u / 2241 mount -a 2242 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed 2243 cd src # full path to source 2244 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 2245 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot 2246 into single user mode to do the installworld. 2247 2248 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 2249 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 2250 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 2251 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 2252 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 2253 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information. 2254 2255 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time 2256 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 2257 step. 2258 2259 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 2260 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 2261 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 2262 2263 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an 2264 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's 2265 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for 2266 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure 2267 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A 2268 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run 2269 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries 2270 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed. 2271 2272 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 2273 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also 2274 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels 2275 for these as well. 2276 2277 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 2278 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 2279 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 2280 2281 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 2282 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 2283 warn if it is improperly defined. 2284FORMAT: 2285 2286This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 2287breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 2288list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011. 2289If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 2290to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 2291 2292Copyright information: 2293 2294Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org> 2295 2296Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 2297modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 2298document are permitted without further permission from the author. 2299 2300THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 2301IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 2302WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 2303DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 2304INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 2305(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 2306SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 2307HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 2308STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 2309IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 2310POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 2311 2312Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 2313this document. 2314